YARMOUTH, 


^OyA  SCOTIA: 


A   SEQUEL   TO   CAMPBELL'S    HISTORY. 


BY    GEORGE    S.    BROWN. 


'Ficum  voco  ticiim;  et  ligonem  ligonem."  —  Ckto. 


BOSTON : 
RAND    AVERY    COMPANY,    PRINTERS. 

1888. 


^'t  f 


Copyright,  1888, 
By  GEORGE  S.  BROWN,  Boston,  Mass. 


1  ':^-:fii:i^^'V-:  :vaS^\:'v-:;^-f  1  \%::^ 


TO 

•   Efje  ©escentiants 

OF 

THE  EARLY   SETTLERS  OF   YARMOUTH  COUNTY 
AND    THEIR    FRIENDS, 

SCfjfs  Book 

IS    RESPECTFULLY    DEDICATED 
BY   THE   AUTHOR. 


PREFACE. 


THERE  is  extant  a  copy 'of  "A  History  of  the  County  of 
Yarmouth,  Nova  Scotia,  by  the  Rev.  J.  R.  Campbell,"  pub- 
lished in  1876,  where,  beneath  the  printed  testimonial  preceding 
its  titlepage,  occur  these  words  over  the  date  of  Sept.  2,  1885  : 
"When  this  book  was  first  offered  to  the  public,  I  somewhat 
hastily  passed  over  its  pages;  and  then,  and  at  other  times  since, 
it  seemed  to  me  strange  that  so  many  inaccuracies  should  have 
escaped  the  critical  notice  of  the  gentlemen  whose  names  are 
attached  to  the  above  testimonial.  But  having  more  carefully 
examined  the  book  within  the  past  week,  I  have  taken  the 
liberty  of  making  some  marginal  notes  where  it  seemed  to  be 
of  some  importance  that  the  errors  in  the  text  should  be 
corrected." 

A  few  months  afterward,  a  second  examination  of  the  book 
led  to  additional  notes,  which  at  length  extended  so  far  beyond 
the  capacity  of  the  margins  of  its  pages  and  other  blank  spaces 
as  to  reach  a  volume  nearly  as  large  as  the  contents  of  the  book 
they  were  reviewing;  and  toward  the  end  of  December,  1885, 
the  Author  concluded  that  it  was  his  duty  in  some  measure  to 
repair  the  errors  of  omission  and  commission  to  which  his 
notes  referred,  by  the  publication  of  this  book. 


6  PREFACE. 

Upon  reviewing  his  own  pages,  the  Author  is  fully  conscious, 
that,  where  the  material  is  so  ample,  a  satisfactory  history  of 
Yarmouth  County  has  yet  to  be-  written  ;  but  he  hopes  that 
here  may  be  found  some  contributions  to  that  completer  work 
which  there  have  been  lately  some  pleasing  indications  the 
future  has  in  store.       -  ,  s 

GEORGE   S.    BROWN. 

Nov.  20,  1886. 


^■"Sv^  ■■ 


AUTHORITIES    CONSULTED. 


Rafn  .  . 
Davis  .  . 
Brown    . 

Various  . 

Gallatin 
Trumbull 
Vetromile 
Priest  . 
Eliot  .  . 
Rasles  . 
horsford 
Lescarbot 

Raynal  . 
Rameau  . 
Rameau  . 

MOREAU    . 

Garneau 
Scott 
Stirling 
Robertson 
Logan     . 
Keltie    . 
Forbes    • 
Johnson 
Pennant 


Haliburton 
Martin  .    . 


Discovery  of  America  by  the  Northmen. 

Discovery  of  New  England  by  the  Northmen 

Icelandic  Discoveries  of  America. 

The  Northmen  in  America.  .  /  ■ 

American  Antiquities. 

Indian  Tribes  of  North  America.  :,  - 

Indian  Tribes  of  North  America. 

History  of  Aborigines  of  Acadia. 

Customs  and  Manners  of  the  Micmacs. 

Indian  Primer  and  Catechism. 

Indian  Dictionary. 

Indian  Dictionary.  .,  ^ 

Histoire  de  Nouvelle  France.         ,  ..  _ 

Champlain's  Voyages. 

History  of  European  Settlements  in  East  and  West  Indies. 

Une  Colonie  Feodale  en  Amerique. 

La  France  aux  Colonies. 

Histoire  de  L'Acadie  Fran9aise.  '      ^ 

History  of  Canada. 

History  of  Scotland. 

Register  Scotland  and  Nova  Scotia,  1615-1635. 

Scotland  under  her  Early  Kings. 

Scottish  Gael  and  Clans. 

History  of  the  Scottish  .Clans. 

Early  Races  of  Scotland. 

Tour  to  the  Hebrides. 

Tour  to  the  Hebrides. 

Flora  MacDonald's  Autobiography. 

Nova-Scotia  Legislative  Documents,  1758-1776. 

History  of  Nova  Scotia. 


8 


AUTHORITIES  CONSULTED. 


Murdoch  . 
Hannay 

Harvey  .  . 
Williamson 

Freeman  . 

Hatfield  . 

Sabine    .  . 


Forbes  .  .  .  . 
Savage  .  .  .  , 
Lawson  .  .  .  . 
Akins  .  .  .  , 
Brooks  &  Usher. 

Davis 

Surette  .  .  . 
Temple  .    .    .    . 


Swift 
Lawson 


History  of  Nova  Scotia. 

"      Acadia. 

"       Newfoundland. 

"      Maine. 

"      Cape-Cod  Settlements. 

"      Elizabethtown,  New  Jersey. 

"      the  Loyalists. 
Massachusetts  Historical  Society's  Collection. 
Connecticut  Historical  Society's  Collection. 
Pinkerton's  Voyages. 
Lieut.  James  Moody's  Narrative. 
Shipping  of  the  Past. 
Genealogical  Dictionary  of  New  England. 
Record  of  the  Shipping  of  Yarmouth,  N.S. 
Nova-Scotia  Archives. 
History  of  Medford,  Mass. 
Ancient  Landmarks  of  Plymouth,  Mass. 
History  of  Corinthian  Lodge,  Concord,  Mass. 

"      Framingham,  Mass. 

"      Taunton,  " 

"      Beverly,  " 

"      Marblehead,      " 

«      Salem,  " 

"      Yarmouth,         " 
"  Yarmouth  Herald  "  newspaper,  1833-1888. 


CONTENTS. 


INTRODUCTORY   CHAPTER. 

PAGE 

Early  Voyages  to  America.  —  Phoenician  Voyages  500  B.C.  —  Chinese  Voyages  in  Fifth 
Century.  —  Their  .\ccount  of  the  Country.  —  Northmen's  .Accounts  of  Voyages  in 
Tenth  and  Eleventh  Centuries.  —  They  visit  Yarmouth  Harbor  in  1007,  and  leave 
Inscription.  —  Christoplier  Columbus.  —  The  Cabots.  —  Americus  Vespucius.  — 
The  Gilberts.  —  French  Voyages  to  Acadia  in  Sixteenth  Century     .        .        .        .       15 

CHAPTER  II.' 

Mr.  Campbell's  Claims  to  Infallibility  examined.  —  Boundaries  of  Yarmouth  County.  — 
Lakes. — Pubnico  :  Origin  of  Name.  —  Marsh  and  Meadow  Lands. — Climate. — 
Wild  Game.  —  John  MacMunn  discovers  Woodcock.  —  Acadia :  Origin  and  Meaning 
of  Name. — Champlain's  Visit  to  Yarmouth  Harbor  in  1604.  —  Did  not  describe 
Mud-flats  as  "  Meadows."  —  Eel-grass,  a  Submarine  Plant.  —  Old  Limits  of 
Acadia 28 


CHAPTER    IIL 

The  Micmacs.  —  Acadian  Settlement  at  Chegoggin. — Traditional  Conflict  at  Tusket 
Lakes.  —  Haliburton's  Version. — Grant  of  Yarmouth  Township.  —  Origin  of  the 
Name.  —  Privations  of  Early  Settlers.  —  Efficacy  of  "Oiling."  —  Shares  of  Lands 
varied  in  Area.  — Always  exceeded  Six  Hundred  and  Sixty-six  Acres.  —  Division  of 
Bunker's  Island.  —  Ranald  MacKinnon  not  concerned  in  Expulsion  of  Acadians. — 

—  The  Hersey  Family •        •        •      37 

CHAPTER    IV. 

Early  Roads  between  Chebogue  and  Yarmouth.  —  Why  Chebogue  was  first  settled.  — 
Puritan  Observances  and  Industry  of  the  Preachers.  —  Why  Acadians  were  expelled. 

—  Samuel  S.  Poole,  M.P.P.  —  Survey  and  Plan  of  Township  in  1736.  —  Trade 
Practices  in  Early  Times.  —  Free  Trade  the  Rule.  —  John  MacKinnon's  Advice  to 
an  Informer.  —  Henry  AUi'ie,  a  New-Light  Preacher.  —  His  Views  and  Eccentrici- 
ties.—  Alexai.der  Bain.  —  His  Relation  to  a  Distinguished  Highland  Family. — 
Heroism  of  Gillies  MacBane  at  CuUoden.  —  Origin  of  the  Campbells      ...      47 

'  Chapters  II.  to  VI.  inclusive  are  a  review  of  Campbell's  History,  with  added  notes. 


10  CONTENTS. 


CHAPTER  V. 

PAGB 

Land  Reservaiions  for  Church  and  School  Purposes. — Privateers  of  1812-1815. — 
Foreign  Trade  of  the  Port.  —  Not  established  by  .Anthony  Landers.  —  The  .Men  he 
brought  to  Yarmouth.  —  Their  Influence  on  the  Community.  —  Thomas  .\ Hen  :  his 
Enterprise  and  Usefulness. — Yarmouth,  Mass.,  in  16^0  and  1817.  —  Mr.  Campbell's 
Views  on  Confederation  controverted.  —  Joseph  Howe's  Speech  in  Parliament  when 
proposing  Public  Monument  to  Herbert  Huntington.  — Chebogue  and  Yarmouth. — 
Superior  Advantages  of  Chebogue  for  Settlement.  —  Maintenance  of  Bridges.  — 
Balance  of  Trade  Theory.  —  How  it  works 60 

CHAPTER    VI. 

A  Literary  Curiosity.  — Critics  open  to  Criticism.  —  Isagogin  and  Ingogen.  —  Milicetes 
and  Micmacs.  —  Obsolete  Adjectives.  —  Printers'  Pi.  —  Rules  of  Construction.  — 
Unavailing  Sympathy.  —  "For  the  More  Part."'  —  H.  G.  Farish.  —  Rev.  Harris 
.  Harding.  —  .Adventure  with  the  Pleasure-carriage.  —  Early  Settlers  Descendants  of 
Puritans.  —  Their  Churches  at  Chebogue  and  Yarmouth.  —  The  Tabernacle.  — 
Influences  leading  to  its  Construction.  —  Mrs.  Ruth  Ellis  lays  the  Corner-stone        .       76 

CHAPTER   VII.      .  , 

The  Micmacs  a  Branch  of  the  Algonquin  Family.  —  Their  Territory. — The  Micmacs  _ 
a  Superior  Race.  —  Styled  by  Algonquins  "  Our  Ancestors  of  the  East."  —  Char- 
acter and  Customs  of  the  Acadian  Indians.  —  Their  Deference  to  the  French  Mis- 
sionaries. —  Their  Hospitality  and  Peaceable  Disposition. —  Beauties  uf  the  Indian 
Language.  —  .'Structure  of  Indian  Words.  —  Examples.  —  Longest  Word  in  the 
Indian  Language.  —  Longest  in  any  Language.  —  Geographical  Names  in  Yarmouth 
County  ending  in  acadie.  —  Origin  and  Meaning  of  Chebogue,  Chegoggin,  Chebec, 
Tusket,  Mispouk,  and  Kigigiak.  —  The  Tusket  River.  —  Its  Attractions  for  the 
Tourist  and  Sportsman.  —  John  Eliot,  the  Indian  Missionary. — His  Indian  Bible 
and  Testament.  —  The  Lord's  Prayer  in  Two  Dialects 86 

CHAPTER   VIII. 

Champlain's  Early  Cnr  er.  —  His  Skill  as  a  Navigator.  —  Compared  with  Julius  Cssar. 

—  French  Colon  .:ation  of  Acadia.  —  Marquis  de  La  Roche  in  159S.  —  De  Monts, 
Poutrincourt,  and  Champlain  in  1604. — Champlain  explores  the  Coast  from  Liver- 
pool to  Ste.  Marie's  Bay,  calling  at  Yarmouth  in  May,  1604. —  The  Colony  first 
settles  at  Ste.  Croix.  —  Removes  to  Port  Royal  in  1605.  —  Claude  de  La  Tour  and 
his  Son  Charles  at  Port  Royal  in  1610. — Argall's  Raid  in  1613. — Sir  William 
Alexander^  Colony  at  Port  Royal  in  1622.  —  Claude  de  La  Tour  created  a  Baronet 
of  Nova  Scotia. — Charles  declines  a  Similar  Honor.  —  Gov.  John  Winthrop's 
Massachusetts  Colony  of  1630.  —  Met  by  Capt.  Lovett  off  Cape  .Anne,  and  escorted 
to  Salem.  —  .Acadia  restored  to  France  in  1631.  —  Alexander  abandons  Port  Royal. 

—  .Alarm  in  Massachusetts  Bay.  —  Razilly  and  D'AuInay  found  a  Colony  at  La  Hfeve 
in  1632. — Charles  de  La  Tour  builds  a  Fort  at  St.  John.  —  Razilly  dies,  and 
D'AuInay  succeeds  to  the  Government  of  Acadia.  —  He  removes  his  Colony  to 
Port  Royal.  —  Acadia  divided  by  the  King  of  France  between  I)"Aulnay  and  Charles 
de  La  Tour.  —  Conflict  between  them.  —  Encouraged  by  the  English  of  Massachu- 
setts. —  D'AuInay  captures  La  Tour's  Fort  —  Death  of  Madame  de  La  Tour.  — 
Death  of  D'.Aulnay.  —  Charles  de  La  Tour  marries  Madame  D'AuInay.  —  Devotion 
and  Influence  of  French  Missionaries.  —  The  Abbe  Sigogne. — Port  Royal  from 
1650  to  Treaty  of  Utrecht  in  1713   . loa 


CONTENTS.  1 1 


CHAPTER    IX. 

PAGE 

Metrical  Description  of  Port  Royal  in  1720.  —  Halifax  1749-1764.  —  Liverpool  and 
Barrington  settled  1759  and  1760.  —Settlement  of  Shelbume  by  the  Loyalists  in 
1783.  —  Condition  of  Settlements  on  Western  and  Southern  Coasts  of  Nova  Scotia 
in  1787.  — Shelburne  at  that  Date.  —  Port  Mouton  settled  by  Tarleton's  Regiment 
in  1783.  —  Next  Year  Three  Hundred  Buildings  destroyed  by  Fire.  —  Provincial 
Census  1817-1827.  —  ShelbiTie,  Barrington,  Argyle,  and  Yarmouth  in  1827: 
Population,  Stock,  etc.  —  Provi.  Census  1851,  1861,  1871,  and  1 881. —  Yarmouth 
County  Census  by  Subdivisions  .1  1871  and  1881,  with  Explanations  directing 
Attention  to  the  Effect  of  Confederation  as  shown  by  the  Tables       ,         .        .        .124 


CHAPTER   X.  ' 

Acad'ans  of  Argyle.  —  Father  Manning's  Slcetch.  —  Haliburton's  Estimate  of  .Acadians. 

—  Their  Industry  and  Enterprise.  —  English  and  French  Captains  of  Argyle.  — 
Their  Services  sought  .Abroad. — Tusket  .'^hip-biiilders. — .Argyle  Ship-owners  and 
Ship-masters.  —  Capts.  Murphy,  Blauvelt,  Hatfield,  and  Hilaire  Pothier.  —  Pierre 
Doucette  of  1797.  —  Pierre  and  Denis  Surette.  —  Solon   Doucette.  —  Leon  Pothier. 

—  Jean  Bourque.  —  .Anselme  O.  Pothier.  —  Ambroise  Amirault.  —  Simon  D'Entre- 
mont. — Eel-Brook  Patriarchs  of  Half  a  Century  Ago.  —  The  Doucettes  of  "The 
Forks."  —  .Acadians'  Claim  to  One  of  the  Seats  in  Parliament.  —  Author's  Estimate 

of  the  Acadians  of  Argyle 144 


:    .  .,i'.       „.'  CHAPTER    Xr. 

Early  Settlers  of  Yarmouth  Township.  —  French  and  English  Family  Names  1761- 
1886.  —  Real-estate  Owners  of  Yarmouth  County:  Thirty-nine  French,  Six  Hun- 
dred and  Fifty  English,  Names.  —  Argyle  Township  compared  with  Yarmouth  for 
Purposes  of  Settlement 159 


CHAPTEk    XII. 

Copy  Scheme  of  Division  Yarmouth  Township  Lands.  —  Names  of  Grantees  alphabeti- 
cally arranged.  —  Number  of  Shares  to  Each.  —  Number  and  .Area  of  their  Lots.  — 
CJrantees  of  Bunker's  and  Gilfillan's  Island,  Chebogue  Town  Point,  and  Stony  Point 
Beach.  —  Reservations  for  Highways.  —  Equal  to  about  Two  Hundred  and  Thirteen 
Miles  of  Road  Four  Rods  Wide »,       .     171 


CHAITER   XIIT. 

Chebogue  Farmers.  —  Homes  of  Early  Settlers.  —  Kelley's  Cove.  —  Old  Arcadia  and 
Little- River  Homesteads.  —  Durkee's  Island.—  Pinkney's  Point.  —  Sea-side  and 
River  Scenery  of  Yarmouth  Sound  and  Chebogue  Harbor. —  Phineas  Durkee. — 
Proprietors'  Improvements  within  Town  Proper.  —  John  Murray,  E.  \V.  B.  Moody, 
Comfort  Haley  of  .*^alem,  Thomas  and  George  Goudey  and  others.  —  Coast-line 
from  Cape  Fourchu  to  Beaver- River  Comer.  —  Israel  Lovitt  and  RicharJ  Fletcher. 
—  Chegoggin  and  Brooklyn  Farmers. —  Farmers  from  Ulster.  —  Sons  of  James 
Murphy.  —  Ephraim  Churchill  and  his  Descendants.  —  Murphy's  Bridge.  —  Eleazer 
and  Rufus  Hibbard.  —  Leading  Farmers  in  other  Districts  of  the  Township  and  on 
the  Banks  of  the  Tusket  River  and  its  Branches.  —  Influtnce  of  the  Early  Settlers  .     182 


%Z  CONTENTS. 


CHAPTER    XIV. 

PAGB 

Maritime  Interests  of  the  County.  —  Early  Settlers  Skilled  Navigators.  —  Interchange 
of  Commerce  with  other  Ports.  —  Gradual  Growth  and  Extension  of  Trade. — 
Increase  in  Number  and  Capacity  of  the  Vessels.  —  West-India  Trade.  —  Other 
Foreign  Trade.  —  Circumstances  causing  Increase  of  Tonnage  of  the  Port. — 
Pomfey  and  County  of  Yarmouth,  —  View  ot  Shipping  previous  to  1800. — From 
1800  to  1810.  —  Ship-owners  of  these  Periods.  —  Samuel  Marshall.  —  Description  of 
Marshall's  Wharf  in  1815.  —  Anthony  Landers.  —  Influence  of  Arrival  of  Jacob 
Tooker,  Bartlett  Gardner,  James,  John,  and  William  Jenkins.  —  List  of  Master 
Ship-builders  of  the  County.  —  Boat-builders  and  Spar-makers.  —  Names  of  Leading 
Ship-owners  from  1761  to  1886.  —  Number,  Description,  and  Agi^regate  Tonnage 
of  Vessels  owned  wholly  or  in  part  by  Each  of  them.  —  Special  Reference  to  English 
and  French  Ship-owners  of  .Arp-yle. — Shipping  of  Yarmoutli  at  Different  Periods, 
with  Average  Tonnage  of  Vessels.  —  Compared  with  the  Shipping  of  Canada.  —  The 
Great  Afic/iael  of  ]!Lmes  IV.,  which  "  wasted  the  Woods  of  Fife."  —  Yarmouth's 
First  Clyde-built  Imn  Ship.  —  The  Great  Repitblic  of  Donald  MacKay.  —  Her  Last 
Voyage  across  the  Atlantic.  —  Other  Ships  of  Donald  MacKay.  —  Their  Record 
never  surpassed.  —  Ships  of  New  England  about  the  Beginning  of  the  Century. 
—  Shipping  )f  Yarmouth  County  Jan.  i,  1S86,  with  Names  of  Owners.  —  Names 
of  Ship-masters  of  some  of  the  Old  Yarmouth-County  Families  :  Kelleys,  Hiltons, 
Haleys,  Robbinses,  Perrys,  Cooks,  Canns,  Hatfields         ...         ...     198 


CHAPTER   XV. 

The  Loyalists  of  Tusket  and  Yarmouth.  —  Their  Old  Home  at  Elizabethtown,  N.J. 
—  iis  Early  History,  and  a  Description  of  the  Territory  about  1670.  —  The  Hatfields, 
Tookers,  Halsteads,  and  Ogdens  among  the  First  Settlers.  —  Their  Course  at  the 
Rebellion  of  1776.  — Sketches  from  Sabine's  "  History  of  the  Loyalists,"  of  Tunis 
Blauvelt,  Gabriel  Van  Xorden,  Robert  Timpany,  Robert  Huston,  Samuel  .\ndrews, 
James  Lent,  the  Van  Buskirks,  and  James  .Moody.  —  Extracts  from  James  Moody's 
Narrative.  —  His  Services  and  Adventures  as  described  by  Others. —  His  View  of 
the  Cause  of  the  War.  —  Genealogical  Table  of  some  of  the  Old  Tusket  Families  ; 
viz..  Half  Ids,  Raynards,  Hurlburts,  Gavels,  .Andrews,  Halsteads,  Blauvelts, 
Servants,  Lents,  Jefferys,  Van  Nordens,  and  Tookers,  illustrating  the  Intermarriages 
of  Three  Generations 231 


CHAPTER    XVI. 

Ranald  MacKinnon  of  Argyle.  —  A  Native  of  the  Island  of  Skye.  —  Related  to  the 
Chief  of  the  Clan  MacKinnon. — joined  the  Montgomery  Highlanders  as  Ensign 
in  1757.  —  Came  to  America  in  June,  1757.  —  Engaged  in  the  Expedition  of  1758 
against  Fort  du  Quesne.  —  Promoted  to  a  Lieutenancy.  —  Wounded  in  1760  while 
engaged  in  an  Expedition  against  the  Cherokees.  —  Lord  Chatham's  Eulogy  on  the 
Highland  Regiments.  —  Sketch  of  Some  Highland  Regiments.  —  The  First  One, 
the  "  Black  Watch,"  or  Forty-second  Regiment,  formed  in  1740.  —  The  Second, 
the  Loudon  Highlanders,  m  1745.  —  The  Third,  the  Montgomery  Highlanders, 
or  Seventy -seventh  Regiment,  in  January,  1757.  —  Officers  of  the  Montgomery 
Highlanders.  —  Their  Career  in  America  from  1758  to  the  Close  of  the  War  in 
1763.  —  Addresses  of  Sir  Colin  Campbell  and  Sir  James  Outram  to  the  Highland 
Regiments  in  the  Crimea  and  in  India.  —  Sketch  of  the  Clan  MacKinnon,  and 
of  Some   Events  in  Scottish  History  with  which  they  were  concerned.  —  Flora 


CONTENTS.  13 

PAGE 

MacDonald.  —  Her  Connection  with  the  Family.  —  Charles  Edward  Stuart's  Flight 
after  the  Battle  of  CuUoden.  —  Narrative  of  his  Adventures,  and  of  the  Part  taken 
by  the  Chief  of  the  Clan  MacKinnon  and  his  Kinsman  John  MacKinnon,  to  assist 
the  Prince  in  his  Escape  from  Skye 268 


CHAPTER    X'>ni. 

First  Nova-Scotia  Parliament  in  175S. —  How  constituted.  —  Queens  County  established 
in  1762,  including  Liverpool,  Harrington,  and  Yarmouth.  —  Yarmouth's  Representa- 
tives down  to  1 784,  when  Shelburne  County  was  established.  —  The  Long  Parlia- 
ment. —  Septennial  Bill  passed  in  1792.  —  Yarmouth's  Representatives  down  to  1S36, 
when  Yarmouth  County  was  set  off  from  Shelburne.  —  Quadrennial  Bill  passed  in 
1838.  —  Duration  of  Parliaments  and  Representatives  from  Yarmouth  County  from 
1836  to  1886. —  Executive  Councillors  from  Yarmouth.  —  Legislative  Councillors. — 
Sheriffs  and  Deputies.-  ustodes  and  Justices  of  the  Peace  1761-1886. — Clerks 
of  the  Peace  and  Treasurers. —  Municipal  Council  1856-1858.  —  Municipal  Council 
Yarmouth  and  Argyle  1880  to  1SS6.  —  Probate  Judges. —  Registrars  of  Deeds. — 
Postmasters,  —  Crown  Land  Surveyors.  — Collectors  of  Customs  and  Tide- Waiters. 
—  Lloyd's  and  Consular  Agents,  etc 303 


CHAPTER    XVIII. 

Township  Records  1762-1789.  —  Sessional  Proceedmgs  1789-1840.  —  Churches  of 
the  Coui.y.  — Clergymen  1761-1886.  —  Masonic  Institutions.  —  Officers  Hiram 
Lodge  1848-1 886.  — Scotia  Lodge  1S63  :886.—  Royal  Arch  Chapter  1S65-1885.— 
British  and  Foreign  Bible  Society.  —  Ladies'  Branch.  —  Book  Society  1822.  —  Yar- 
mouth Academy.  —  School  Teachers  1800-1864.  —  Newspapers  1831-18S3.  — 
Yarmouth  Seminary.  —  Common  Schools.  —  Agricultural  Societies.  —  Mountain 
Cemetery.  —  Abbotsford  and  other  Funds.  —  Inland  Navigation  Company.  —  Marine 
Insurance  Companies  1S09-1886.  —  Shareholders,  Directors,  and  Profit  and  Loss 
Account.  — Yarmouth  Banks.  — 'California  and  Australia  Expeditions.  —  Commercial 
Wharf  Company,  and  Moody,  Brown,  &  Co. —  Steam  Communication. —  Herald, 
Saxe-Gotha,  and  North  America.  —  Eastern  State.  —  Dominion.  —  Emperor.  — 
Alpha.  —  Gaslight,  Steam-tug,  and  Marine  Railway  Companies.  —  Western  Counties 
Railway  Company.  —  Water  Company.  —  Building  Society.  —  Mutual  Relief  Society. 

—  Woollen  Mill  Company.  —  Telephone  Companies.  —  Duck  and  Yarn  Company. 

—  Co-operative  Deposit  and  Loan  Society,  —  Conclusion.        .        .     \*       »        .    319 


APPENDICES. 


APPENDIX  A.  —  John  and  Sebastian  Cabot,  389. 

APPENDIX  Aa.  —  Correspondence  of  Rev.  John  Roy  Campbell  and  Professor 
Cameron,  391.  -         .  •■  "'  > 

i4PPENDIX  B.  — Sir  William  Phipps,  393.  ■ 

APPENDIX  C.  —  Brigt.  i9(7///w<7/-^.     Humanity  of  the  Indians,  395. 

APPENDIX  D. —  Settlement  of  lands  and  a  record  of  Acadian  families  of  Eel 
Brook,  397.  •  ^'  -.-': 

APPENDIX  E. —  From  the  Annals  of  Salem.  Privateers  prohibited  from  hostil- 
ities against  Yarmouth  in  1782,  437. 

APPENDIX  F.  —  Inscription  on  monument  to  Herbert  Huntington,  439. 

APPENDIX  G.  —  Abstract  of  Trade  of  Yarmouth  in  1834,  440. 

APPENDIX  H.  —  Extracts  from  "  A  Lost  Chapter  in  Acadian  History,"  445. 

APPENDIX  I.  —  On  the  Indian  names  of  Acadia,  447. 

APPENDIX  J.  —  William  and  Edward  Hilton.  William's  letter  from  Plymouth  in 
1 62 1  to  his  friend  in  London,  449. 

APPENDIX  K.  — Some  account  of  the  La  Tour  family  and  of  Philippe  Mius 
D'Entremont,  and  a  record  of  some  .\cadian  families  of  Pubnico  and 
Tusket  Wedge,  450. 

APPENDIX  L.  —  Of  the  Rev.  Abbe  Jean  Mande  Sigogne.  His  correspondence 
with  the  Committee  of  the  Shelburne  County  Temperance  Convention  in 
1835.    The  Rev.  Abl  i  Joseph  Goudot,  1S39-1860,  477. 

APPENDIX  M.  —  Obituary  notice  of  Simon  D'Entremont.  482. 

APPENDIX  N.  —  Louis  A.  Surette  and  his  record  in  Massachusetts,  484. 

APPENDIX  O.  — Bishop  Perry's  visit  to  Yarmouth  in  1886,  487. 

APPENDIX  P.  — Duelling  in  the  olden  time,  490. 

APPENDIX  Q.— Extracts  from  Dr.  Johnson's  "Journey  to  the  Western  High- 
lands of  Scotland  "  in  1773,  492. 

APPENDIX  R.  —  Origin  of  the  Free-will  Baptist  Denomination;  of  the  Revs. 
Charles  Knowles  and  Walter  C.  Weston,  494. 

APPENDIX  S.—  Mary  Fletcher  and  the  Ladies'  Bible  Society  of  1833,  496. 
APPENDIX  T.  —  The  nrst  law  establishing  public  schools   in  America  in  1647, 
SOI. 

APPENDIX  U.  —  Sir  Walter  Scott  and  the  Abbotsford  Subscription  from 
Yarmouth  in  1833,  502. 

APPENDIX  Ua.  — The  Yarmouth  Steamship  Company,  1888,  505. 

APPENDIX  v.  — Extracts  from  Freeman's  "  History  of  Cape  Cod."  Ancestors 
of  some  Yarmouth  County  families,  507. 

APPENDIX  W.— Extracts  from  Preface  to  Dr.  Hatfield's  "  History  of  Elizabeth 
Town,  New  Jersey,"  511. 


YARMOUTH   COUNTY   HISTORY 


INTRODUCTORY   CHAPTER. 

Early  Voyages  to  America.  —  Phoenician  Voyages  500  B.C.  —  Chinese  Voyages  in  Fifth 
Century. —  Their  .Account  of  the  Country. —  Northmen's  .Accounts  of  Voyages  in  Tenth 
and  Eleventh  Centuries.  —  They  visit  Yarmouth  Harb<jr  in  1007,  and  leave  Inscription. 
—  Christopher  Columbus. —  The  Cabots.  —  Americus  Vespucius. —  The  Gilberts. — 
French  Voyages  to  Acadia  in  Sixteenth  Century. 

IN  the  ninth  century  before  the  Christian  era,  the  Phoenicians  had 
estabhshed  colonies  on  the  western  shores  of  Africa,  and  three 
hundred  years  later  they  sailed  around  the  entire  coast  of  Africa. 
They  are  supposed  to  have  visited  the  eastern  coasts  of  Central 
America  and  Me.xico  in  very  early  times ;  for  in  some  way  a  knowl- 
edge of  a  great  country  beyond  the  Pillars  of  Hercules,  larger  than 
Europe  or  Asia,  had  reached  the  priests  of  Egypt  five  hundred  years 
before  Christ.  About  that  time  the  fact  was  made  known  to  Solon 
by  an  Eg}'ptian  priest ;  and  a  brief  account  is  given  of  the  country  by 
Plato  and  other  writers. 

The  Phoenicians  discovered  and  colonized  the  Canary  Islands,  which 
they  called  the  Fortunate  Isles,  and  which  Pliny  (63  B.C.)  called  the 
Hesperides.  After  this  mention  by  Pliny,  the  Canaries  are  lost  to 
history  for  a  period  of  thirteen  hundred  years,  when  a  vessel,  in  the 
reign  of  Edward  III.,  which  sailed  from  England  for  France,  was  driven 
by  a  storm  to  the  Canaries.  A  voyage  to  the  Canaries  was  made  by 
the  Portuguese  in  134 1. 

The  Chinese  made  voyages  to  the  coast  of  California  in  the  year 
458 ;  and  it  is  the  opinion  of  eminent  Chinese  scholars  that  they  were 


1 6       CHINESE    VISIT  AMERICA   IN  FIFTH  CENTURY. 

acquainted  with  the  western  coast  of  America  nearly  to  Cape  Horn. 
The  following  is  an  account  of  a  country  called  Fousang,  more  than 
forty  thousand  //  to  the  east  of  China  (a  //  ii  now  one-third  of  a 
mile),  as  recorded  in  the  Grand  Annals  of  China:  — 

"  In  the  first  of  the  year  Yung  Yuan,  during  the  reign  of  Fiti,  of 
the  dynasty  of  Thsi  (A.D.  499),  a  Chamman  (Buddhist  priest)  named 
Hoechin  came  from  the  country  of  Fousang  to  Kingtcheou.  He 
related  the  following :  Fousang  is  twenty  thousand  li  to  the  east  of 
Tahan,  and  also  to  the  east  of  China.  In  that  country  grows  much 
of  a  tree  called  Fousang,  the  leaves  of  which  resemble  those  of  the 
Thong.  The  first  shoots  are  like  those  of  the  bamboo.  The  people 
of  the  country  eat  them.  The  fruit  is  red,  and  of  the  form  of  a  pear. 
They  also  make  from  it  cloth  and  garments.  They  manufacture  also 
stuffs  from  the  flowers.  Boards,  made  of  its  wood,  are  used  in  the 
construction  of  their  houses.  For  in  that  country  there  are  neither 
cities  nor  walled  habitations.  The  inhabitants  have  a  knowledge  of 
writing,  and  make  paper  from  the  bark  of  the  Fousang.  They  have 
neither  armies  nor  troops,  and  they  do  not  make  war. 

"  The  name  of  the  king  of  the  country  is  called  T'khi,  or  Tit-khi. 
The  nobles  of  the  first  class  are  called  Touilou ;  those  of  the  second 
class,  little  Touilou ;  those  of  the  third  class,  Natucha.  The  cattle  of 
that  country  have  long  horns,  upon  which  they  carry  burdens  weighing 
a  hundred  and  twenty  pounds.  In  that  country  they  use  horses, 
cattle,  and  deer,  attached  to  carriages.  They  raise  deer  as  they  do 
cattle  in  China,  and  they  make  cheese  from  the  milk  of  the  females. 
They  find  a  kind  of  pear  there,  red,  which  keeps  all  the  year.  There 
are  many  vines.  Iron  is  wanting,  but  copper  is  found.  Gold  and  silver 
are  not  esteemed.  Commerce  is  free,  and  they  do  not  drive  hard  bar- 
gains." 

Ly-yen,  a  Chinese  historian,  who  lived  at  the  commencement  of  the 
seventh  century,  speaking  of  a  country  distant  more  than  forty  thousand 
//  toward  the  east,  says,  "  To  reach  this  country,  they  sailed  from  the 
coast  of  the  Province  of  Leatong,  situate  to  the  north-east  of  Pekin. 
Whence,  after  they  had  made  twelve  thousand  //,  they  reached  Japan. 
From  Japan,  after  a  voyage  of  seven  thousand  //'  toward  the  north, 
they  reached  the  country  of  Ven  Chin.     Five  thousand  //'  from  the  last 


NORTHMEN'S    VISIT.  17 

place  toward  the  east,  they  found  the  country  of  Tahan.     'Ihence  they 
sailed  to  Fousang,  which  was  distant  from  Tahan  twenty  thousand  /f." 

Tahan  »vas  the  extreme  northern  part  of  Asia.  Kamtschatka  is  doubt- 
less a  part  of  the  great  country  of  Tahan.  The  courses  and  distances 
described  would  extend  from  Leatong  by  way  of  Japan,  North-east  China, 
and  the  peninsula  of  Alaska,  to  the  Island  of  Kodiack,  on  the  coast  of 
Alaska.  This  would  be  a  very  favorable  route,  as  it  takes  advantage  of 
the  Japanese  current ;  and  they  would  be  in  sight  of  land  the  whole 
distance,  which,  as  given  by  Ly-yen,  is  quite  correct.  As  it  is  stated 
that  Fousang  is  not  only  east  of  Tahan,  but  also  east  of  China,  it  is 
inferred  that  they  followed  the  coast  as  far  south  as  Lower  California, 
opposite  China  Central.  ;■      ^'  •   f 

The  tree  Fousang  appears  to  be  the  Mexican  Maguey,  of  which  Acosta 
thus  speaks :  "  Maguey  is  a  tree  of  wonders,  whereof  the  Notaries,  or 
Chapetons  (as  the  Indians  call  them),  are  wont  to  write  miracles,  in 
that  it  yields  them  water,  wine,  oil,  vinegar,  honey,  syrup,  thread,  needles, 
and  a  thousand  other  things." 

The  first  voyage  to  the  eastern  coast  of  America,  of  which  we  have 
any  account,  was  performed  by  the  Northmen,  who  were  descendants  of 
a  race  that  in  early  times  migrated  from  Asia,  and  travelled  toward  the 
North,  finally  settling  in  what  is  now  the  Kingdom  of  Denmark.  From 
thence  they  overran  Norway  and  Sweden,  and  afterward  colonized 
Iceland  and  Greenland. 

As  early  as  the  year  860,  Iceland  had  been  made  known  to  the 
Northmen  by  a  Dane,  named  Gardar.  The  first  settler  of  Iceland  was  a 
Norwegian,  named  Ingolf,  who  went  there  in  875,  landing  at  a  place 
which  is  still  called  Ingolfshofdi.  He  was  soon  followed  by  others,  and 
in  a  short  time  a  considerable  population  was  gathered  there.  In  the 
tenth  century,  Iceland  had  a  population  estimated  at  near  seventy 
thousand. 

The  Northmen  were  excellent  navigators,  and  it  is  said  they  first 
discovered  the  art  of  sailing  on  the  wind.  They  had  good  sea-going 
vessels,  some  of  large  size ;  one,  of  which  a  full  description  is  given, 
being  one  hundred  feet  long. 

Eric  the  Red,  born  in  Norway  in  935,  was,  on  account  of  man- 
slaughter, obliged  to  flee  from  Norway.     He  took  up  his  abode   in 


1 8  LE/F'S   VOYAGE. 

Iceland,  and,  not  being  able  to  live  there  in  peace,  early  in  982  he 
fitted  out  a  ship,  and  announced  his  determination  tc  go  in  search  of 
land  lying  in  the  ocean  to  the  west,  which  it  was  said  Gumbiorn  saw 
when,  in  the  year  876,  he  was  driven  there  by  a  storm. 

Eric  sailed  westward,  and  found  land,  where  he  r-^mained  three  years, 
and  explored  Greenland,  the  newly  discovered  country.  He  then 
returned  to  Iceland,  and  the  next  year  sailed  again  for  Greenland  with 
a  fleet  of  thirty-five  ships,  only  fourteen  of  which  reached  their  desti- 
nation, the  rest  being  driven  back  or  lost.  This  second  voyage  was  made 
in  985,  -  i."  . '^     •-■'.;  ■.:'-^;    '.-  .,    '■'\'.--         ■'.' 

In  the  year  1003,  Greenland  became  tributary  to  Norway,  the  princi- 
pal settlement  being  upon  the  western  coast.  The  colony  maintained 
its  connection  with  the  mother  country  for  no  less  than  four  hundred 
years;  yet  it  finally  disappeared,  and  was  almost  forgotten,  until  1721, 
when  communication  was  again  opened  with  the  colony. 

Before  the  expedition  of  Thorfinn  Karlsefne,  in  1007,  some  account 
of  which  was,  in  1884,  given  in  "The  Yarmouth  Herald,"  Leif,  son 
of  Eric  the  Red,  in  the  year  1000,  made  a  voyage  from  Greenland 
to  Labrador  and  Newfoundland,  and  thence  to  the  coast  of  Nova 
Scotia,  and,  as  some  think,  from  the  description  of  the  voyage,  to 
the  south-eastern  coast  of  Massachusetts.  The  following  is  the  narra- 
tive from  the  Danish  archives,  and  each  reader  can  make  up  the 
voyage  for  himself. 

-  "  Leif,  son  of  Eric  the  Red,  with  a  crew  of  thirty-five  men,  rigged 
out  their  vessel.  They  put  the  ship  in  order,  and  went  to  sea  when 
they  were  ready.  They  first  came  to  the  land  which  Biarne  had  last 
discovered,  sailed  up  to  it,  cast  anchor,  put  out  a  boat,  and  went 
ashore.  But  there  was  no  grass  to  be  seen.  There  were  large  snowy 
mountains  up  the  country ;  but  all  the  way  from  the  sea  up  to  these 
snowy  ridges  the  land  was  one  field  of  snow,  and  it  appeared  to  them 
a  country  of  no  advantages.  Leif  said,  '  It  shall  not  be  said  of  us 
as  it  was  of  Biarne,  that  we  did  not  come  up  to  the  land ;  for  I  will 
give  the  country  a  name,  and  call  it  Helluland.' 

"  Then  they  went  on  board  again,  and  put  to  sea,  and  found  another 
land.  They  sailed  toward  it,  put  out  a  boat,  and  landed.  The  coun- 
try was  flat,  and  overgrown  with  wood ;   and  the  strand  far  around 


MARKLAND  AND    VINLAND.  I9 

consisted  of  a  white  sand,  and  low  toward  the  sea.  Then  Leif  said, 
*  We  shall  give  this  land  a  name  according  to  its  kind,  and  call  it  Mark- 
land.'  Then  they  hastened  aboard,  and  put  to  sea  again,  with  the  wind 
from  the  north-east,  and  were  out  for  two  days,  and  made  land.  They 
sailed  towards  it,  and  came  to  an  island  which  lay  on  the  north  side 
of  the  land,  where  they  disembarked  to  wait  for  good  weather.  There 
was  dew  upon  the  grass ;  and  having  accidentally  gotten  some  of  the 
dew  upon  their  hands,  and  put  it  in  their  mouths,  they  thought  that  they 
had  never  tasted  any  thing  so  sweet  as  it  was.  Then  they  went  on  board, 
and  sailed  into  a  sound  that  was  between  the  island  and  a  ness  (cape) 
that  went  out  northward  from  the  land,  and  sailed  westward  past  the 
ness.  There  was  very  shallow  water  at  low  tide,  so  that  their  ship  lay 
dry,  and  there  was  a  long  way  between  the  ship  and  the  water.  They 
were  so  desirous  to  get  to  the  land  that  they  would  not  wait  till  their 
ship  floated,  but  ran  to  the  land  to  a  place  where  a  river  comes  out  of 
a  lake.  As  soon  as  the  ship  was  afloat,  they  look  the  boats,  rowed  to 
the  ship,  towed  her  up  the  river,  and  thence  into  the  lake,  where  they 
cast  anchor,  carried  their  beds  out  of  the  ship,  and  set  up  their  tents. 

"  They  resolved  to  put  things  in  order  for  wintering  there,  and  they 
erected  a  large  house.  They  did  not  want  for  salmon,  both  in  the  river 
and  in  the  lake ;  and  they  thought  these  salmon  larger  than  the5^  had 
ever  seen  before.  The  country  appeared  to  them  of  so  good  a  kind 
that  it  would  not  be  necessary  to  gather  fodder  for  the  cattle  for 
wiiiter.  There  was  no  frost  in  winter,  and  the  grass  was  not  much 
withered.  Day  and  night  were  more  equal  than  in  Greenland  and 
Iceland,  for  in  the  shortest  day  the  sun  was  in  the  sky  between 
Eykstarstad  and  the  Dagmalarstad. 

"  Now,  when  they  were  ready  with  their  house-building  (A.D.  looi), 
Leif  said  to  his  fellow-travellers,  *  Now  I  will  divide  the  cre»v  into  two 
divisions,  and  explore  the  country.'  .  .  . 

"  Toward  spring  they  made  ready  and  sailed  away ;  and  Leif  gave 
the  country  a  name  from  its  products,  and  called  it  Vinland.  They 
now  sailed  into  the  open  sea,  and  had  a  fair  wind  until  they  came  in 
sight  of  Greenland  and  the  lands  below  the  ice-mountains.  .  .  . 

"This  expedition  to  Vinland  was  much  talked  of;  and  Leifs  brother 
Thorvald  thought  that  the  country  had  not  been  explored  enough  in 


aO  '  B/ARNE'S   VOYAGE. 

different  places.  Then  Leif  said  to  Thorvald,  '  You  may  go,  brother, 
in  my  ship,  to  Vinland,  if  you  like ;  but  I  will  first  send  the  ship  for  the 
timber  that  Stover  left  upon  the   rock.'     And  so  it  was  done." 

There  are  various  accounts  of  these  early  expeditions  of  the  North- 
men, differing  a  little  in  detail,'  but  evidently  describing  the  same  voy- 
ages. One  account  of  Leifs  voyage  in  the  year  looo  reads,  "They 
came  first  to  the  land  which  Biarne  had  last  seen.  They  called  it  Hellu- 
land.  They  put  to  sea,  and  came  to  another  land,  level,  and  covered 
with  wood,  with  cliffs  of  white  sand.  They  called  it  Markland.  They 
stood  out  to  sea  with  a  north-east  wind,  and  continued  sailing  two 
days.  They  came  to  an  island  which  lay  to  the  eastward  of  the  main 
land,  and  entered  a  channel  between  this  island  and  a  promontory  pro- 
jecting in  an  easterly  and  northerly  direction  from  the  main  land.  They 
sailed  westward,  and  came  to  a  place  where  there  was  much  land  left  dry 
at  low  tide.  They  went  ashore  at  a  place  where  a  river,  issuing  from  a 
lake,  fell  into  the  sea.  They  brought  their  ship  into  the  river,  and  thence 
into  the  lake,  and  cast  anchor.  They  explored  the  country,  only  going 
so  far  that  they  could  return  home  at  night.  One  day  one  of  the  men 
did  not  return.  They  went  in  search  of  him  with  twelve  men,  and 
found  him  coming  towards  them.  Then  he  said,  *  I  did  not  go  much 
farther ;  still,  I  have  a  discovery  to  acquaint  you  with.  I  have  found 
vines  and  grapes.'  They  wintered  there,  filled  the  ship  with  timber, 
gathered  a  boat-load  of  grapes,  and  returned  to  Greenland  in  the 
spring." 

The  voyage  of  Biarne  that  has  been  referred  to  is  thus  described : 
"  Biarne,  in  986,  on  a  voyage  from  Iceland  for  Greenland,  met  with 
northerly  winds  and  fogs,  and  after  many  days'  sailing  arrived,  they 
knew  not  where.  When  the  weather  cleared  up,  they  saw  a  land  over- 
grown with  wood,  and  with  a  very  gentle  elevation.  They  continued 
sailing  two  days,  and  saw  another  land,  which  was  flat,  and  overgrown 
with  wood.  Then  they  stood  out  to  sea,  sailed  three  days  with  a  south- 
east wind,  and  saw  a  third  land,  which  was  high  and  mountainous,  and 
covered  with  icebergs.  They  coasted  along  its  shores,  and  saw  it  was- 
an  island.  Bearing  away  from  this  island,  they  stood  out  to  sea  with  the 
same  wind,  and  after  four  days'  sailing  with  fresh  gales  they  reached 
Greenland." 


THORFINN  KARLSEFNE,  31 

Biame  would,  by  this  account,  appear  to  have  made,  first,  the  south- 
western coast  of  Nova  Scotia ;  next,  Cape  Breton  ;  and  then,  Newfound- 
land, whence  he  took  his  departure  for  Greenland. 

Leif  shaped  his  course  from  Greenland  for  Newfoundland,  "  last  seen 
by  Biame;"  then  passing  through  the  Straits  of  Belleisle,  he  discov- 
ered Prince  Edward  Island ;  thence,  standing  out  to  sea  to  the  east- 
ward of  Cape  Breton,  he  came  to  the  Gut  of  Canseau,  which  he 
entered ;  and  thence  sailed  westward  along  the  coast,  wintering, 
perhaps,  at  Yarmouth. 

Writers  generally  identify  Vinland  with  Massachusetts,  the  "island" 
with  Nantucket,  and  the  "  promontory  "  with  Cape  Cod.  In  the  year 
looo.  Cape  Cod  and  the  adjacent  territory  were  not  likely  to  have  been 
more  prolific  in  wild  "  grapes  "  and  "  wheat "  than  the  south-western 
shores  of  Nova  Scotia,  where  the  Gulf  Stream  tempers  the  climate  ;  yet 
it  is  recorded  that  both  the  early  French  voyagers  to  Acadia,  and  the 
early  settlers  of  the  Massachusetts  Colony,  found  vines  growing  in 
the  woods  that  led  them  to  look  forward  to  a  profitable  culture  of  the 
grape. 

The  second  account  of  Leif  s  voyage  does  not  repeat  the  statement 
that  there  was  "  no  frost  in  winter ; "  but  the  account  of  Karlsefne's 
voyage,  from  which  the  following  extract  is  taken,  says  there  was  "  no 
snow  in  winter;  "  and  it  is  quite  possible  that  eight  hundred  years  ago, 
the  Gulf  Stream  approached  so  near  the  south-western  shores  of  Nova 
Scotia  as  to  account  for  the  absence  of  frost  and  snow. 

"  Thorfinn  Karlsefne,  in  1007,  in  one  ship,  and  Biarne  Grimolfsen  in 
another  ship,  left  Greenland  for  Vinland.  They  had  a  hundred  and 
sixty  men,  and  took  all  kinds  of  live-stock,  intending  to  establish  a 
colony.  They  sailed  southerly,  and  found  Helluland,  where  there  were 
many  foxes.  They  again  sailed  southerly,  and  found  Markland,  over- 
grown with  wood.  They  continued  south-westerly  a  long  time,  having 
the  land  to  starboard,  passing  long  beaches  and  deserts  and  sands,  and 
came  to  a  land  indented  with  inlets.  They  landed,  and  explored  the 
country,  finding  grapes  and  some  ears  of  wheat  which  grew  wild.  They 
continued  their  course  until  they  came  to  a  place  where  a  frith  penetrated 
far  into  the  country.  Off  the  mouth  of  it  was  an  island,  past  which 
there  ran  strong  currents,  which  was  also  the  case  farther  up  the  frith. 


22  VISITS    YARMOUTH. 

On  the  island,  there  was  an  immense  number  of  eider-ducks,  so  that 
it  was  impossible  to  walk  without  treading  on  the  eggs." 

The  following  (copied  from  "  The  Yarmouth  Herald  ")  is  from  the 
report  of  Mr.  Henry  Phillips,  corresponding  secretary  of  the  Antiquarian 
Society  of  Philadelphia  :  — 

"ON    A   SUPPOSED    RUNIC    INSCRIPTION    AT    YARMOUTH, 

NOVA   SCOTIA. 

"  On  the  shore  of  the  Bay  of  Fundy,  opposite  the  town  of  Yarmouth, 
stands  a  rock,  weighing  about  four  hundred  pounds,  which,  about  the 
end  of  the  last  century,  was  discovered  by  a  man  named  Fletcher.  It 
has  been  well  known  for  nearly  one  hundred  years ;  and  those  who 
dwell  in  its  vicinity  have  always  accepted  it  as  a  genuir.e  relic  of  anti- 
quity, no  breath  of  suspicion  ever  having  fallen  upon  It.  The  glyphs 
thereon  have  been  at  various  times  copied  and  sent  abroad  to  men  of 
learning,  who  have  made  more  or  less  attempts  at  deciphering  them, 
more  than  one  savant  seeing  traces  of  Semitic  origin. 

"In  1875,  a  rubbing,  procured  from  the  stone,  was  placed  in  my 
hands  for  i  ivestigation.  Since  that  time  I  have  carefully  considered  the 
circumstances  of  the  case,  and  have  become  ultimately  satisfied  of  its 
bona-fide  nature ;  that  the  inscription  was  neither  a  modern  fraud  nor 
the  work  of  the  wayward  playfulness  of  the  leisure  hours  of  the  sportive 
redskin. 

"  Having  been  imbued  with  the  belief  that  no  deception  was 
intended  or  practised,  I  entered  upon  the  study  of  the  markings  with  a 
mind  totally  and  entirely  free  from  prejudice.  So  far  from  beheving  that 
the  inscription  was  a  relic  of  the  pre-Columbian  discovery  of  America, 
I  had  never  given  any  credence  to  that  theory.  I  therefore  approached 
the  subject  entirely  unbiassed  in  my  opinion ;  in  fact,  somewhat  pre- 
judiced against  the  authenticity  of  any  inscription  on  this  Continent, 
purporting  to  emanate  from  the  hardy  and  intrepid  Norsemen. 

"The  difficulty  of  interpreting  these  markings  was  greatly  increased 
on  account  of  the  nature  of  the  material  in  which  the  rubbing  had  been 
taken,  and  the  fact  that  in  the  Runic  alphabets  the  letters  frequendy 
have  many  varying  values  and  forms.  But,  like  a  kaleidoscope,  word 
after  word  appeared  in  disjointed  forms,  and  each  was  in  turn  repeated, 


RUNIC  INSCniFTIOxW.  -  23 

until  at  last  an  intelligible  word  came  forth,  followed  by  another  and 
another,  until  a  rea/  sentence  with  a  meaning  stood  forth  to  my  aston- 
ished gaze.     '  Harkussen  mev  varu  '  ('  Haka's  son  addressed  the  men '). 

"  Upon  examining  further,  I  found  in  the  expedition  of  Thorfinn 
Karlsefne,  in  1007,  the  name  of  Haki  occurring  among  those  who 
accompanied  him.  On  this  voyage,  '  they  came  to  a  place  where  a 
frith  penetrated  far  into  the  country.  Off  the  mouth  of  it  was  an  island, 
past  which  there  ran  strong  currents,  which  was  also  the  case  farther  up 
the  frith: 

"  I  confess  that  I  was  staggered  by  the  remarkable  coincidefce,  and 
began  to  waver ;  and  the  finishing  touches  were  placed  to  my  unbelief 
when  I  observed  the  map,  and  saw  how  short  the  distance  was  from 
Iceland  to  Greenland,  compared  with  the  stretch  of  water  from  Norway 
to  Iceland.  It  seemed  more  than  probable  that  the  fearless  race  that 
actually  did  cross  the  latter  expanse  of  ocean,  were  not  likely  to  be 
deterred  from  navigating  the  former. 

"  As  to  the  reason  why  such  a  memento  should  be  left  of  the  visit, 
of  course  no  definite  answer  can  be  given ;  but  it  is  a  fact  well  known, 
that  memorials  were  often  made  or  erected,  engraved  or  placed  at 
localities  where  events  h-^.d  taken  place  :  and  the  address  of  the  chieftain 
to  the  men  may  have  been  of  some  noteworthy  matter,  perhaps  even  to 
commemorate  the  fact  of  having  landed  at  that  spot."  '     . 

There  is  a  material  error  in  this  narrative.  The  rock  referred  to  was 
discovered  by  Dr.  Fletcher,  not  "  on  the  shore  of  the  Bay  of  Fundy," 
but  upon  his  own  property  near  the  head  of  the  north-western  cove  of 
Yarmouth  Harbor,  and  upon  the  western  side  of  the  high  hill  near  the 
channel  leading  from  what  is  now  known  as  the  "  Salt  Pond,"  and 
about  one  hundred  yards  south  of  the  stone  dike  which  now  excludes 
the  tide-water  from  the  extensive  vsxwex  marshes.  The  channel  at  "  the 
dike "  being  quite  narrow,  there  must  have  been  originally  "  strong 
currents  "  there,  running  over  the  bar  upon  which  the  dike  was  built. 

The  "  island  "  would  correspond  to  Bunker's  Island,  where  the  cur- 
rents are  ver}-  strong  at  the  flow  and  ebb  of  the  Bay  of  Fundy  tides. 
If  the  Norsemen  followed  the  North- American  coasts  from  Greenland 
to  Nova  Scotia,  when  they  reached  Cape  Fourchu  near  the  entrance  to 


24  WILSON'S  ACCOUNT. 

the  Bay  of  Fundy,  and  met  there  the  strong  currents  and  rough  water, 
it  was  quite  natural  that  they  should  make  a  resting-place  in  Yarmouth 
Harbor,  and  explore  the  "  frith  "  to  its  head  and  confluence  with  the 
fresh  waters  of  the  Chegoggin  River,  about  eight  miles  north-easterly 
from  Bunker's  Island,  to  which  point  of  junction  the  tidal  waters  of 
Yarmouth  Harbor  probably  flowed  in  the  year  1007. 

The  glaciers  left  their  memorials  in  the  vicinity  of  the  "  Salt- Pond 
Dike  "  some  hundred  thousand  years  before  the  Norsemen's  visit ;  for 
the  huge  boulders,  some  weighing  hundreds  of  tons,  deposited  upon 
opposite  sides  of  the  channel  inside  of  the  dike,  and  especially  at  the 
little  island,  present  most  interesting  evidence  of  glacial  action.  If 
upon  one  of  the  largest  of  these  the  inscription  had  been  engraved, 
it  might  have  remained  there  to  tell  its  own  story  for  eight  centuries  to 
come. 

In  the  second  volume  of  "  Prehistoric  Man,"  published  at  London  in 
1876,  by  Daniel  Wilson  of  the  University  of  Toronto,  the  learned 
author,  after  reference  to  other  ancient  inscriptions,  sajs,  "  Dr.  G.  J. 
Parish  has  sent  me  \}l\&  fac- simile  of  an  inscription  engraven  in  unknown 
alphabetic  signs  on  a  quartzose  rock  near  the  beach  at  Yartnouth 
Bay,  which  he  assures  me  has  been  known  for  upwards  oi  forty-Jive 
years,  and  repeatedly  submitted  to  scholars  in  the  hope  of  finding  an 
interpreter." 

The  reader  will  observe  the  discrepancy  in  the  three  descriptions  of 
the  locality  where  this  stone  was  discovered.  It  is  scarcely  credible 
that  Dr.  Parish,  writing  to  Mr.  Wilson  ten  or  twelve  years  ago,  would 
have  mentioned  "Yarmouth  Bay,"  —  a  place  laid  down  on  no  maps 
nor  charts ;  though  it  is  possible  he  never  saw  the  stone  until  it  was 
removed  to  Yarmouth  Town  from  its  position  near  the  Salt-Pond  Dike. 
But  any  elderly  person  living  near  the  dike  can  point  out  the  exact 
locality ;  and,  no  doubt,  there  are  persons  in  Yarmouth  who  have 
reached  or  passed  their  ninetieth  year,  and  who  can  remember  puzzling 
over  the  inscription  in  their  childhood. 

To  preserve  the  continuity  of  the  narrative,  brief  references  may 
here  be  made  to  the  later  visits  to  the  coasts  of  America,  which  led 
immediately  to  the  colonization  of  the  country  by  Europeans. 

Christopher   Columbus,   who,  on   a  visit  to  Iceland  in    1477,  had 


THE   CABOTS.  2$ 

heard  of  the  western  voyages  of  the  Norsemen,  with  three  small 
vessels  sailed  from  Palos,  Spain,  on  Aug.  3,  1492;  and  on  Oct.  12 
he  landed  at  San  Salvador,  one  of  the  Bahama  Islands.  A  few  days 
afterward  he  visited  some  of  the  adjacent  islands,  reaching  the  north 
side  of  Cuba  on  Oct.  28.  About  the  middle  of  January,  1493,  he 
sailed  for  home ;  and,  having  touched  at  the  Azores  on  Feb.  20,  he 
arrived  in  the  Tagus  on  March  4.  He  sailed  again  from  Cadiz  on  Sept. 
25,  1493,  with  seventeen  vessels,  and  fifteen  hundred  persons  of  all 
descriptions ;  and  on  Nov.  3  he  arrived  at  Dominica.  He  discov- 
ered Jamaica  in  May,  1494;  and  in  March,  1496,  he  embarked  for 
Spain.  -■   '     •""-•■    ■■    ^^  ■'■  •"'"■  ■'■":'  ~  --"'■'■ 

On  his  third  voyage,  Columbus  sailed  from  Spain  with  six  ships  on 
May  30,  1498.  On  Aug.  1  he  visited  the  continent  of  America ;  and 
in  November,  1500,  he  returned  to  Spain.  He  sailed  again  from  Cadiz, 
on  his  fourth  voyage,  on  May  9,  150 1,  and  from  the  Canaries  on  May 
25,  arriving  at  Martinico  on  June  15.  On  this  visit  he  passed  three 
years  among  the  islands  and  upon  the  continent ;  and  on  Sept.  2,  1504, 
he  sailed  for  Spain.  He  died  at  Valladolid  on  May  20,  1506,  in  his 
sixty-fourth  year. 

John  Cabot,  a  Venetian,  and  his  son  Sebastian,  —  born,  as  is  some- 
times claimed,  at  Bristol,  England,  in  1467, — in  pursuit  of  a  north- 
west passage  to  India,  sailed  from  Bristol  in  the  spring  of  1497.  On 
June  24  they  landed  at  Newfoundland,  whence  they  immediately 
returned  to  England,  and  made  a  report  of  their  discovery. 

John  Cabot  having  died,  Sebastian  Cabot  sailed  on  his  second  voyage 
on  May  4,  1498,  and  again  reached  Newfoundland.  On  his  return  to 
England,  he  is  reported  to  have  said  that  he  had  sailed  as  far  north  as 
the  sixty-seventh  degree  of  latitude,  and  that,  finding  no  open  water  to  the 
westward,  he  returned  to  the  southward,  and  followed  the  coast  as  far 
as  the  thirty-eighth  degree  of  north  latitude. 

There  is  as  much  myth  and  mystery  connected  with  Sebastian's 
voyages  as  with  the  early  voyages  of  the  Northmen.  Yet  Sebastian  was 
said  to  have  been  born  at  Bristol,  England ;  and  that  fact  may  account 
for  the  extraordinary  statement  on  p.  9  of  Campbell's  "  History  of 
Yarmouth,"  where,  entirely  ignoring  Christopher  Columbus,  whose  dis- 
coveries had  led  to  John  Cabot's  expedition,  Mr.  Campbell  says,  "  The 


26  ;         FRENCH   VOYAGES. 

first  well-authenticated  knowledge  of  the  Ne7v  World  was  made  known 
by  Sebastian  Cabot  in  I4g8"  ^ 

Americus  Vespucius,  born  at  Florence  in  1437,  sailed  from  Cadiz  on 
May  30,  1497.  He,  too,  wished  to  have  it  believed  that  he  first  dis- 
covered the  American  Continent,  reaching  it  by  way  of  the  Gulf  of 
Mexico ;  and  he  so  far  succeeded  as  to  secure  the  honor  of  giving  his 
name  to  the  continent.  He  made  a  second  voyage  in  1500,  visiting 
Guiana  and  Venezuela  ;  and  upo.i  a  third  voyage,  in  1 501,  he  sailed  as 
far  south  as  La  Plata  and  Patagonia. 

Sir  Humphrey  Gilbert's  expedition,  consisting  of  five  ships  and  two 
hundred  and  fifty  men,  sailed  from  Plymouth,  England,  on  June  11, 
1583  ;  arrived  at  St.  John's,  Newfoundland,  and  there  set  up  the  English 
standard.  In  1607  Sir  John  Gilbert,  with  a  fleet  of  war-ships,  arrived 
at  the  mouth  of  the  Kennebec  River.  These  several  discoveries  and 
occupations  of  the  Cabots  and  the  Gilberts  constituted  what  England 
maintained  as  her  right  to  certain  territories  in  North  America,  and  to 
the  fisheries  upon  the  coasts. 

But  the  French,  meanwhile,  had  been  prosecuting  enterprises  of  a 
more  practical  and  useful  character,  mainly  at  private  cost ;  for  the 
kings  of  France,  while  lavish  of  titles,  granted  little  material  aid  to 
projects  for  colonization. 

It  is  related  that,  in  the  beginning  of  the  sixteenth  century,  expeditions 
for  the  cod-fishery  and  whale-fishery,  going  forth  from  Normandy  and 
Brittany,  occupied  the  fishing-grounds  of  the  New  World,  and  that  some 
of  them  entered  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  and  reached  the  Acadian 
shores. 

Among  these  adventurers  were  Jean  Denys  of  Honfleur,  who  in  1506, 
with  his  cargo  of  fish,  took  home  charts  of  the  coasts ;  and  Thomas 
Aubert  of  Dieppe,  "a  hardy  fisherman,"  who,  in  1508,  carried  to 
France  some  Indians,  whom  he  exhibited  to  "  the  curious  and  eager 
crowds."  In  151 7  a  large  number  of  French  vessels  were  employed  in 
fishing  at  the  mouth  of  the  river  St.  Lawrence ;  and  there  remains  the 
tradition  of  the  efforts  of  the  Baron  de  Lery  to  colonize  Acadia  in  15 18, 
when,  his  voyage  being  protracted  by  adverse  winds,  and  their  food 
giving  out,  he  was  compelled  to  land  upon  Sable  Island  some  cattle  and 

'  Appendix  A. 


CARTIER  AND  POUTRINCOURT.  2/ 

swine,  whose  offspring  saved  from  starvation  some  of  the  unfortunate 
men  whom  the  Marquis  de  La  Roche  abandoned  there  in  1598. 

Jacques  Cartier  made  his  first  voyage  to  the  Bay  Chaleur  in  1534  :  in 
1535  he  ascended  the  St.  Lawrence  to  Quebec,  and  he  continued  his 
explorations  of  the  country  until  his  return  to  France  in  1542. 

In  1540  Francois  de  La  Roque,  Sieur  de  Roberval,  "a  valiant  soldier 
and  an  able  statesman,"  was  appointed  Governor-General  of  the  newly 
discovered  country.  He  arrived  in  Quebec  in  1542  ;  but  the  King 
requiring  his  aid  in  the  war  that  year  renewed  with  Germany,  he  was 
recalled  to  France.  It  was  not  until  1549  that  the  state  of  affairs  at 
home  permitted  Roberval  to  return  to  Canada.  He  departed  on  his 
second  voyage,  which  promised  happy  results.  But  it  ended  in  disaster, 
—  when,  or  in  what  manner,  no  one  ever  knew.  ;   ^  - 

The  times  continued  generally  unpropitious  for  colonizing  projects, 
nor  was  any  further  venture  made  until  the  futile  voyage  of  the  Marquis 
de  La  Roche,  in  1598.  This  was  followed  by  the  more  successful  efforts 
of  Jean  Biencourt,  Baron  de  Poutrincourt,  the  distinguished  founder  of 
Port  Royal,  and  De  Monts,  in  1604,  which  resulted  in  the  permanent 
though  often  disturbed  establishments  at  Port  Royal,  Grand  Pr6,  and 
Beau  Bassin,  and  whence  came,  for  the  most  part,  the  ancestors  of  the 
now  flourishing  Acadian  communities  in  the  counties  of  Yarmouth  and 
Digby. 


CHAPTER   II. 

Mr.  Campbell's  Claims  to  Infallibility  examined.  —  Boundaries  of  Yarmouth  County.  —  Lakes. 
—  Pubnico :  Origin  of  Name.  —  Marsh  and  Meadow  Lands.  —  Climate.  —  Wild  Game,  — 
John  MacMunn  discovers  Woodcock.  —  Acadia :  Origin  and  Meaning  of  Name,  —  Champ- 
Iain's  Visit  to  Yarmouth  Harbor  in  1604.  —  Did  not  describe  Mud-flats  as  "  Meadows."  — 
Eel-grass,  a  Submarine  Plant.  —  Old  Limits  of  Acadia, 

LTNDER  date  of  Jan.  30,  1886,  Mr.  Campbell,  writing  to  "The 
J  Yarmouth  Herald,"  '  intimates  that  in  the  highly  interesting  series 
of  letters  Mr.  Cameron  is  writing  for  "The  Halifax  Herald,"  he  has  not 
credited  to  the  "History  of  Yarmouth"  "  ^/te  leading  facts  bearing  on 
the  U Entremont  family  collected  on  many  long  journeys  taken  for  the 
express  purpose  of  gathering  information  on  that  as  well  as  on  all  other 
subjects  in  my  History  of  the  County  ^  Other  readers  of  Mr.  Cameron's 
letters  have  found  there  nothing  to  sustain  Mr.  Campbell's  grievance,  and 
some  of  them  are  at  a  loss  to  know  what  information  is  given  in  Mr. 
Campbell's  History  to  have  occasioned  more  than  a  single  journey  to 
Pubnico. 

Mr,  Campbell  cannot,  at  any  rate,  complain  that  his  H' story  is  not 
given  sufficient  prominence  in  these  notes,  and  their  appearance  may 
give  him  room  to  doubt  that,  "  although  it  is  [as  Mr.  Campbell  puts 
it]  now  ten  years  since  that  History  was  published,  no  fact,  as  therein 
stated,  has  ever  yet  been  successfully  questioned" 

^  Some  of  these  "  facts,"  selected  in  the  order  of  their  occurrence  in 
the  pages  of  Mr.  Campbell's  History,  are  made  subjects  for  comment 
in  this  chapter. 

Page  1.  —  "The  present  County  of  Yarmouth  has  seen  several 
changes  as  regards  its  limits." 

A  misstatement  meets  us  at  the  threshold.  The  boundaries  and 
limits  of  the  County  of  Yarmouth  remain  to-day  as  originally  constituted. 

'  Appendix  Aa, 


YARMOUTH  LAKES,       ,  ^9 

There  have  bpen  no  changes  since  it  was  set  off  from  Shelburne  as  a 
separate  county  in  1784. 

Page  2.  —  "The  south-western  shore  is  washed  by  the  waters  of  the 
Atlantic  and  the  Bay  of  Fundy."  "  The  Seal  Island,  commonly  called 
the  elbow  of  the  Bay  of  Fundy." 

No  part  of  the  shores  of  Yarmouth  County  is  within  the  limits  of  the 
Bay  of  Fundy,  nor  would  any  geographer  style  the  Seal  Islands  the 
"  elbow  "  of  the  Bay  of  Fundy.  This  error  Mr.  Campbell  iias  borrowed 
from  Haliburton's  History  of  Nova  Scotia,  and  it  is  an  instance  of 
Sam  Slick's  romancing  quality.  The  Seal  Islands  form  a  group,  and  the 
Bay  of  Fundy  lies  within  a  line  drawn  from  Brier  Island  to  Grand 
Manan. 

Page  2.  —  "There  are  nearly  one  hundred  lakes,  upwards  of  ninety 
of  which  have  been  fully  explored :  many  of  them  are  very  beautiful, 
reminding  one  who  has  seen  both  of  well-known  English  scenes." 

It  would  be  hard  to  name  one  of  the  "  one  hundred  lakes  "  which  has 
not  been  a  hundred  times  fully  explored ;  and  it  is  mere  pedantry  to 
compare  them  with  "  well-Known  English  scenes."  Haliburton's  History, 
referring  to  the  Yarmouth  lakes  in  1828,  says,  "  Eighty  have  been 
already  explored."  Mr.  Campbell  has  added  ten  to  the  number  as  an 
achievement  of  the  next  half-century.  But  upon  Church's  county  map, 
published  in  1864,  at  least  a  hundred  and  twenty-five  lakes  may  be 
counted;  and  an  article  in  "The  Yarmouth  Herald"  of  June,  1881, 
states  the  number  at  two  hundred  and  forty-eight. 

Page  3.  — "  Pubnico,  a  corruption  of  the  Indian  Boguumkook. 
Argyle,  or  Abuptic  (Indian,  Pobbobteek).  Salmon  River  (Indian,, 
Ponamagotty)." 

Bogbumkook,  Pobbobteek,  and  Ponamagotty  differ  froui  any  Indian 
orthography  usually  met  with.  Pubnico  is  probably  derived  from  the 
Indian  Pauquunkauke,  meaning,  land  from  which  the  trees  have  been 
removed  to  fit  it  for  tivation.  The  old  French  spelling  is  Pombon- 
coup  or  Poboncoup,  from  which  the  transition  to  Pubnico  is  easy.  Bon 
coup  is  good  French.  Perhaps  there  may  be  an  accounting  for  the  first 
syllable  that  will  give  to  the  name  Pubnico  an  origin  wholly  French. 

Page  3.  —  "The  Yar  (river),  commonly  called  the  Yarmouth,  on 
which  stands  the  county  town,  is  somewhat  larger  than  the  Chebogue." 


30  MARSHES  AND  MEADOWS. 

There  is  no  authority  for  the  statement  that  the  river  at  the  head  of 
Yarmouth  Harbor  was  ever  called  the  Yar,  from  the  river  in  England 
of  that  name.  The  only  name  it  has  ever  borne  is  that  of  Cape  Fourchu 
River,  and  perhaps  from  the  same  reason  that  our  cape  was  called  Cape 
Fourchu,  from  its  forked  configuration.  The  river  itself  is  forked,  — 
the  eastern  branch  leading  past  Milton,  Hebron,  and  Ohio,  nearly  to 
Lake  George ;  the  western  branch  leading  through  the  "  Salt-Pond  " 
Dike  to  "  Chipman's  Corner,"  and  there,  originally  perhaps,  connect- 
ing at  high  tide  with  the  sea-water  flowing  into  Chegoggin  River  at 
a  point  now  known  as  Chegoggin  Dike.  The  "  County  Town  "  stands, 
not  upon  the  river,  but  upon  the  lands  adjoining  Yarmouth  Harbor. 

Page  4.  — "  In  the  opinion  of  competent  judges,  a  comparatively 
small  portion  of  the  land  is  capable  of  profitable  cultivation." 

No  competent  judge  would  pronounce  this  opinion,  even  with  Mr. 
Campbell's  qualifying  phrase.  The  profits  of  cultivation  depend  upon 
the  demand  for  the  products  of  the  soil.  With  an  open  market  in 
the  seaports  of  Massachusetts,  Yarmouth- County  farmers  can  success- 
fully compete  with  those  of  New  England,  and  a  free  interchange  of 
products  would  be  mutually  advantageous. 

Page  5 .  —  "  There  are  considerable  tracts  of  fair  marsh-lands  in  the 
county,  about  five  hundred  acres  of  which  are  diked,  producing  heavy 
crops  of  hay." 

The  diked  lands  alone  exceed  one  thousand  acres.  But  more  valu- 
able than  these  are  the  thousands  of  acres  of  salt  marsh-lands  border- 
ing upon  the  Chebogue,  Tusket,  and  Abuptic  Rivers.  Mr.  Campbell 
makes  no  mention  of  the  numerous  and  extensive  tracts  of  fresh-water 
meadow-lands  upon  the  Salmon  and  Tusket  Rivers  and  their  various 
branches,  reaching  almost  from  the  head  of  tide-water  to  the  Digby- 
County  line. 

The  value  of  these  meadow-lands  will  be  better  realized  when  the 
Western  Counties  Railway  begins  to  send  off  its  branches  in  an 
easterly  and  north-easterly  direction ;  for  then  the  farmers  in  the  interior 
will  have  access  to  markets  from  which  they  are  now  debarred,  and 
for  the  want  of  which  a  large  proportion  of  the  best  lands  in  the 
county  now  lie  idle. 

Page  7.  —  "The    climate    is    humid   and   very   variable,  .  .  .  and 


CLIMATE  AND    TEMPERATURE.  3 1 

healthy  above  the  average.  .  .  .  The  mercury  seldom  falls  below  zero 
in  the  winter,  or  rises  above  80°  during  the  summer.  Every  few  years 
the  mercury  may  descend  to  five  or  six  below ;  but  the  mean  annual 
temperature,  day  and  night,  is  48°." 

This  paragraph  does  not  fully  describe  the  climate  nor  the  tempera- 
ture of  the  county.  It  might,  to  some  extent,  apply  to  the  town  of 
Yarmouth,  situate  immediately  upon  the  Atlantic  coast,  and  under  the 
influence  of  the  sea-breezes  and  ocean-fogs  of  the  summer,  and  of 
the  Gulf  Stream  in  the  winter  months.  It  is  very  rarely  that  the 
mercury  falls  to  zero  upon  the  sea-coast  of  Yarmouth  County ;  while 
in  the  interior,  ten  miles  or  more  from  the  sea,  the  temperature  is 
lower  in  the  winter  and  much  higher  in  the  summer  months ;  and 
the  ocean-fogs,  which  owe  their  origin  to  the  Gulf  Stream,  and  hover 
about  the  coast  with  the  prevailing  southerly  winds  of  July  and  August, 
extend  only  a  few  miles  from  the  sea.  The  ocean-fogs  have  no 
unhealthy  influence  where  they  do  prevail. 

Page  7.  —  Mr.  Campbell  adduces  instances  of  the  remarkable  health 
and  longevity  of  two  Yarmouth-County  families.  He  might  have 
referred  to  another  quality.  Large  families  were  the  rule  in  the 
olden  time.  Dudley  Porter,  of  Chegoggin,  had  twenty-two  children, 
and  James  Doucette,  of  "Tusket  Forks,"  twenty-nine  children.'  Mr. 
Campbell  refers  also  to  Paul  and  Simon  D'Entremont,  the  one  aged 
ninety,  the  other  now  ninety-seven,  as  instances  of  robust  old  age. 
It  is  narrated  of  Levi,  son  of  Paul  D'Entremont,  that  French  and 
English  mingled '  promiscuously  in  his  ordinary  conversation.  Once, 
when  chopping  wood  before  his  door,  he  is  said  to  have  thus  warned 
some  idlers  standing  near  him  :  "  Quand  je  coupe  du  bois,  I  want 
nobody  autour  de  moi ;  car  si  la  hache  slip  out  my  hands,  might 
kill  somebody." 

Page  8.  — "  It  is  a  curious  fact  that  the  English  woodcock  is 
rapidly  increasing.  .  .  .  Civilization  has  well-nigh  banished  several 
valuable  species  (of  game)  from  the  county.  The  days  are  gone  by 
when  a  local  merchant  can  send  ninety-five  moose- skins  to  the 
Boston  market,  as  one  did  a  hundred  years  ago." 

As  the  settlement  of  the  county  advanced,  and  the  original  forests 

'  Appendix  B. 


32  FIELD-GAME  AND  FOREST-GAME. 

disappeared,  the  moose  naturally  retired  to  the  interior,  where  they 
are  still  quite  numerous,  though  not  sought  for  food  as  they  were  a 
hundred  years  ago.  On  the  other  hand,  the  enthusiastic  and  accom- 
plished sportsman,  and  the  pursuit  of  woodcock,  are  developments  ot 
a  high  order  of  civilization.  The  presence  of  woodcock  to-day  does 
not  prove  that  they  were  not  here  in  equal  numbers  a  hundred  years 
ago.  It  does  prove  that  citizen  John  MacMunn,  who,  soon  after  he 
joined  our  community  in  1853,  first  discovered  the  existence  of  wood- 
cock in  our  fields,  has,  in  his  maturer  years,  had  leisure  for  frequent 
visits  to  their  haunts  with  dog  and  gun. 

A  writer,  in  1787,  on  "The  Present  State  of  Nova  Scotia,"  who  will 
be  quoted  more  at  length  in  a  subsequent  chapter,  says  of  the  moose, 
"  Their  amazing  numbers  we  may  in  some  degree  estimate  from  those 
killed  last  winter :  in  one  settlement  alone  they  amounted  to  at  least 
four  thousand." 

So  we  see  that  a  hundred  years  ago  the  moose  were  also  hunted  for 
their  skins,  like  the  buffalo  on  the  Western  prairies  in  more  recent 
years,  and  with  the  same  results.  The  Indians  were  wiser ;  for  of  them 
it  is  recorded,  "They  were  careful  not  to  exterminate  any  species  of 
game." 

Page  9.  — "  In  162 1,  Acadia  (or  'Cadia,'  or  '  Acadie,'  as  with  vary- 
ing limitations  that  term  was  applied  by  the  French)  .  .  .  was  granted 
to  Sir  William  Alexander,  who  gave  to  Acadia  the  name  Nova  Scotia." 

Some  of  the  younger  readers  of  Campbell's  History  jnay,  perhaps, 
have  never  seen  it  stated  that  the  name  L'Acadier,  formerly  applied 
by  the  French,  or  Acadia,  by  the  English,  to  Nova  Scotia,  was  derived 
from  the  Micmac  word  acadie,  nor  its  meaning  explained.  It  occurs 
in  the  Indian  names  of  many  places ;  as,  for  instance,  in  Chibbena^a//i>, 
Shubenarart'/>,  ^xacadie,  Chicabena^a^//**,  etc.,  in  the  central  and  east- 
ern parts  of  the  Province,  and  in  the  name  of  a  place  lying  north-east 
of  Tusket  Forks,  called  by  the  Indians,  'Sa.wnacadie.  Mr.  Campbell's 
Indian  "  Soonecaty"  on  p.  20,  may  be  the  same  word  in  his  orthog- 
raphy corresponding  with  Ponamagotty,  his  corruption  of  Ponomacadie. 
^\xxvacadie  is  to  be  found  also  in  Cape  Breton,  on  the  south  side  of 
Little  Bras  d'Or  Lake ;  and  there  is  '^nacadie  on  the  north  shore 
of  Bras  d'Or  Lake. 


CHEGOGGIN  MARSH.  .        33 

The  frequent  recurrence  in  Micmac  geographical  names  of  acadie, 
or  syllables  its  equivalent  in  sound,  led  the  French,  in  the  seventeenth 
century,  to  give  to  the  whole  country,  from  the  Kennebec  to  the  Gulf 
and  River  St.  Lawrence,  the  name  L'Acadie.  Fr.  Eugene  Vetromile, 
in  his  little  book  on  the  Abnakis,  or  the  Aborigines  of  Acadia,  says, 
"  The  word  Acadie  is  Indian.  Its  origin  and  its  meaning  have  always 
been  a  subject  of  investigation  among  the  antiquaries,  who  generally 
admit  it  to  be  an  Indian  word,  though  they  do  not  fix  its  meaning. 
Some  of  them  have  ventured  interpretations,  which,  however,  they 
abandoned  after  further  consideration.  I  was  at  one  time  led  to 
resolve  Acadie  into  the  two  Abnaki  words,  aki,  adie  (land  of  dogs). 
Yet,  after  more  recent  investigation,  I  consider  it  more  natural  to  trace 
it  to  the  Micmac  word  academ  (we  dwell),  or  tedlacadem  (where  we 
dwell),  that  is,  our  village." 

It  would  seem,  therefore,  that  the  signification  of  acadie  might  be 
accepted  to  be  a  habitation,  or  dwelling-place,  whether  of  fish,  animals, 
or  plants. 

Fr.  Vetromile,  quoting  Charlevoix,  says,  "  Acadia  extended  from  the 
Penobscot  River  to  Canseau,  and  thence  to  Gaspt^,  Bay  Chaleur,  gashpe 
being  an  Indian  word  signifying  the  end."  He  adds  that,  "  Acadia, 
thus  defined,  was  possessed  by  only  two  Indian  nations,  the  Etchimins 
and  the  Micmacs.  The  Etchimins  occupied  the  waters  of  the  Penob- 
scot, St.  Croix,  and  St.  John  Rivers,  and  the  most  part  of  the  shores 
of  the  Bay  of  Fundy ;  and  the  Micmacs  the  rest  of  the  territory,  and 
even  the  southern  and  western  coasts  of  Newfoundland." 

Page  i  —  "It  is  certainly  a  highly  flattering  account  of  our  mud- 
flats to  describe  them  as  meadows,  and  as  rendering  the  place  very 
agreeable.  No  doubt,  to  a  casual  visitor  in  the  spring  of  the  year, 
and  when  as  yet  the  long,  fresh  green  eel-grass  was  undisturbed  and 
serried  by  the  keels  of  vessels  and  the  hoe  of  the  clam-digger,  it  would 
present  a  much  more  pleasing  object  than  it  does  now." 

Mr.  Campbell  here  appears  to  have  allowed  his  imagination  to  lead 
him  astray ;  for  when  Champlain  refers  to  "  une  petite  riviere,  toute 
environnee  de  prairies^'  he  evidently  means  the  western  branch  of  the 
Cape  Fourchu  River,  above  the  "  Salt- Pond  "  Dike,  at  that  time  proba- 
bly connecting  with  the  stream  running  through  Chegoggin  Marsh,  and 


34  THE   CLOVEN  CAPE. 

which,  at  low  tide,  or  at  ordinary  high  tide,  would  present  the  appear- 
ance of  "  a  little  river  surrounded  by  meadows."  There  is  good 
geological  evidence,  too,  that  the  Chegoggin  River  at  one  time  had 
its  outlet  through  what  is  now  known  as  the  "  Salt-Pond,"  for  it  would 
be  difficult  otherwise  to  account  for  the  deep  channel  inside  of  the 
dike,  or  the  channel  below  the  dike  connecting  at  "  The  Crotch " 
with  the  main  channel  of  Yarmouth  Harbor.  The  mud-flats  Mr. 
Campbell  speaks  of  are  a  distinguishing  feature  of  Yarmouth  Harbor, 
and,  no  doubt,  have  not  much  changed  since  Champlain  saw  them 
when  there  were  no  "keels"  to  " serry"  the  eel-grass,  for  the  canoe 
of  the  Micmac  carried  no  keel.  Eel-grass  is  one  of  those  rare  plants 
which  grow  and  blossom  entirely  beneath  the  surface  of  the  water. 
It  is  not  visible  to  the  eye  unless  when  floating  over  it,  nor  does  it 
flourish  upon  those  parts  of  the  flats  which  are  exposed  at  low  tide. 
It  is,  therefore,  no  obstacle  to  the  "  hoe  of  the  clam-digger,"  nor  can 
it  be  confounded  with  the  growth  Champlain  saw  in  May,  1604,  and 
recorded  as  one  of  the  attractions  of  Yarmouth  Harbor, 

Page  13.  —  "Jean  de  Laite  says,  'Acadia  is  of  a  triangular  form, 
and  stretches  from  east  to  west  between  the  harbors  of  Campseau  and 
Cap  Fourchu.''  " 

Canseau,  now  commonly  spelled  Canso,  is  said  to  have  derived  its 
name  from  the  French  navigator  Canse,  and  eau  (water).  The  French 
spelling,  Campseau,  suggests  that  the  harbor  was  so  called  because 
it  was  a  common  rendezvous  for  vessels. 

Page  13.  —  "It  is  difficult  not  to  believe  that  Ingogon  and  the 
'Cloven  Cape'  (the  first  translation  we  meet  with  of  Cap  Fourchu) 
are  not  Chegoggin  and  Yarmouth  Cape." 

The  "  Cloven  Cape  "  was  that  one  called  by  Champlain  Cap  Fendu, 
now  Cape  Split,  at  the  entrance  to  the  Basin  of  Mines;  and  the 
"  Ingogon "  is  now  better  known  as  the  River  Avon  at  the  head  of 
the  Basin  of  Mines. 

Page  14.  — "  M.  Beauharnois,  Governor  of  Canada,  in  a  letter  to 
the  French  King,  dated  Oct.  10,  1731,  says  Acadie,  according  to  its 
ancient  limits,  should  only  be  that  part  of  the  large  peninsula  which 
is  comprised  and  bounded  by  a  straight  line  from  Cape  Camceau  to^ 
Cap  Fourchu^ 


ACADIAN  LIMITS.  3$ 

This  letter  of  M.  Beitiharnois,  if  correctly  quoted,  conveyed  his  view- 
that  L'Acadie  was  the  territory  between  Capes  Canseau  and  Fourchu,  ex- 
cluding Cape  Breton,  New  Brunswick,  and  Maine  to  the  Penobscot,  which 
were  part  of  the  country  then  known  as  L'Acadie.  A  line  drawn  from 
Cape  Canseau  to  Cape  Fourchu  would  barely  touch  the  south-western 
part  of  Lunenburg  County,  and  leave  south  of  it  about  one-half  the  area 
now  comprised  by  the  counties  of  Queens,  Shelburne,  and  Yarmouth. 

The  limits,  as  defined  by  Charlevoix,  have  been  already  stated. 
On  p.  3,  "  Nova  Scotia  Archives,"  is  a  copy  of  a  letter,  dated 
January,  1 715,  with  this  heading:  "Instructions  for  Mr.  Peter  Capoon, 
Commissr.,  and  F^nsign  Thomas  Button,  to  proclaim  His  ^L'ljesty, 
King  George,  alt  ye  sev^eral  ports  of  Mines,  Shekenecto,  River  St. 
John's,  Pasmacody,  Penopscot,  in  the  Collony  of  Nova  Scotia,  or 
L'Acadie."  The  letter  directed  them  "with  ye  Sloop  Caulfield  to 
proceed  on  the  said  service  and  to  proclaim  His  Majesty  King  George 
in  ye  best  manner  You  can." 

Another  authority  which  may  be  quoted  is  that  of  Paul  Mascarene, 
a  Huguenot,  who  was  born  in  the  South  of  France  in  1684,  was 
educated  at  Geneva,  and  afterward  went  to  England  where  he  was 
naturalized  in  1706.  In  17 10  he  came  to  America,  and  assisted  at 
the  taking  of  Port  Royal.  In  1740  he  was  appointed  Lieutenant- 
Governor  of  Annapolis,  and  became  Administrator  of  the  Government 
until  the  arrival  of  Gov.  Cornwallis  in  1749.  In  1720  he  wrote  a 
description  of  Nova  Scotia  with  suggestions  for  its  settlement  and 
defence,  which  was  transmitted  to  the  Lords  of  Trade,  London. 

His  letter  begins  as  follows  :  "  The  Boundaries  having  as  yet  not 
been  agreed  on  between  the  British  and  French  Governments  in  these 
parts  as  stipulated  in  the  loth  Article  of  the  Treaty  of  Utrecht,  no  jvst 
ones  can  be  settled  in  this  description.  The  extent  of  the  Province 
of  Nova  Scotia,  or  Acadie,  according  to  the  notions  the  British  have 
of  it,  is  from  the  limits  of  the  Government  of  Massachusetts  Bay,  in 
New  England,  or  the  Kennebec  River,  about  the  44th  degree  of  North 
Latitude,  to  Cape  De  Roziers  on  the  South  side  of  the  entrance  of  the 
River  St.  Lawrence,  in  the  49th  degree  of  the  same  Latitude ;  and  its 
breadth  extends  from  the  Eastermost  part  of  the  Island  of  Cape  Breton 
to  the  South  side  of  the  River  St.  Lawrence.     Out  of  this  large  tract. 


36  INDIAN  PERSECUTION. 

the  French  had  yielded  to  them  at  the  above  Treaty,  the  Islands 
situated  at  the  mouth  of  the  River  St.  Lawrence,  and  in  the  Gulf  of 
the  same,  with  the  Island  of  Cape  Breton." 

These  descriptions  indicate  with  sufficient  exactness  the  then  eastern 
boundary  of  the  (lovernment  of  Massachusetts  Bay,  and  it  would  have 
been  better  for  the  interests  of  the  Maritime  Provinces  had  (Ireat 
Britain  never  relinquished  her  claim  to  that  portion  of  Maine  east  of 
the  Kennebec. 

Page  14.  —  "  In  the  month  of  December,  1735,  ^^e  Brigt.  Baltimore 
put  into  Chebogue  Harbor  with  only  one  woman  on  board  when 
foun«^  All  other  persons  who  had  been  on  board  were  supposed 
either  to  have  been  lost,  or  murdered  by  the  Indians." 

Haliburton  says  that,  "  according  to  the  story  of  the  woman,  Mrs. 
Buckler,  the  Baltimore  sailed  from  Dublin,  Ireland,  for  Annapolis, 
Maryland,  with  sixty  or  seventy  convicts,  who  mutinied,  killed  the  crew, 
and  afterward  each  other,  Mrs.  Buckler  only  remaining  alive.  But  her 
story  was  confused  and  contradictory,  and  she  was  supposed  to  have 
been  concerned  in  the  crime." 

There  is  no  ground  for  Mr.  Campbell's  suggestion  that  these  people 
were  murdered  by  the  Indians.  The  Micmacs  of  Nova  Scotia,  natu- 
rally of  a  peaceable  disposition,  have  never  been  charged  with  a  crime 
so  despicable  as  the  murder  of  a  distressed  or  shipwrecked  crew.  They 
were  very  slow  to  learn  the  practices  of  the  English  freebooters,  who 
then  infested  American  waters.' 

In  1 744  the  Governor  of  Massachusetts  offered  premiums  for  Indian 
scalps,  —  a  hundred  pounds  currency  for  that  of  a  male  Indian  of 
twelve  years  or  upwards,  fifty  pounds  for  the  scalp  of  a  woman  or  child, 
and  for  a  captive  five  pounds  higher  than  for  a  scalp. 

In  October,  1749,  Gov.  Cornwallis,  by  the  advice  of  his  Council, 
ordered  "  the  Commanding  Officers  at  Annapolis  Royal,  Mines,  and  all 
others  within  the  Province,  to  annoy,  distress,  and  destroy  the  Indians 
everywhere ;  "  and  he  offered  a  premium  of  "  ten  guineas  for  every 
Indian  killed  or  taken  prisoner,  to  be  paid  upon  producing  such  savage 
taken,  or  his  scalp  (as  is  the  custom  of  America)  if  killed."  Here  was 
refined  barbarity. 

'  Appendix  C. 


CHAPTER    III.  ;    .   .         ■ 

The  Micmacs.  —  Acadian  Settlement  at  Chegoggin.  —  Traditional  Conflict  at  Tusket  Lakes 

—  Haliburton's   Version.  —  Grant   of   Yarmouth   Township.  —  Origin   of   the   Name. — 
Privations  of  Early  S'^ttlers.  —  Efficacy  of  "  Oiling."  —  Shares  of  Lands  varied  in  Area 

—  Always  exceeded  Six  Hundred  nnd  Sixty-six  Acres.  —  Division  of  Bunker's  Island. — 
Ranald  MacKinnon  not  concerned  in  Expulsion  of  Acadians.  —  The  Hersey  Family. 

A  SUBSEQUENT  chapter  will  be  devoted  to  the  Aborigines  of 
Nova  Scotia,  and  incidentally  to  the  Algonquin  family  of  Indians, 
to  which  the  Micmacs  belonged.  Meanwhile,  therefore,  other  than 
general  references  to  the  Indians  and  their  language  will  be  elsewhere 
omitted. 

Page  17.  —  "Sixty  years  ago,  in  the  memory  of  the  late  Abram 
Lent,  they  [the  Indians]  were  sufificiently  numerous  to  meet  their  friend 
and  pastor,  the  late  Abb6  Sigogne,  at  !3ainte-Anne's  Chapel,  Eel  Brook, 
in  a  body  of  one  hundred  and  fifty  at  a  time." 

•Of  course,  Mr.  Lent,  who  was  a  conscientious  and  truthful  man, 
did  not  mean  to  say  that  the  one  hundred  and  fifty  Indians  lived  in 
Yarmouth  County.  But  the  Indians  were  Roman  Catholics,  and  they 
had  their  festival  occasions,  when,  from  Shelburne,  Yarmouth,  and  Digby 
Counties,  they  used  to  gadier  at  Eel  Brook  as  a  central  point,  to  meet 
their  faithful  friend,  the  Abb^  Sigogne. 

Page  21. — 
"PaidIndonPeterfori6»' MosMetc  i|//.        .         .         .    ;^     "  2  " 
for  14^  lbs  mos  c  i^  ...  1.9 

19  lbs  of  Mosmet  .         .         .  2.4^ 

7^'^^  of  mos  meet  c  3  copers  per  ilb,  i.o^ 

Each  of  those  items  illustrates  a  curious  orthographical  variation." 

These  "  orthographical  variations "  may  have  amused  their  original 
deviser,  like  the  "  thirty  out  of  fifty  varieties  "  of  Cape  Fourchu  upon 


3^  ACADIAN   VILLAGES. 

p.  II  ;  but  it  taxes  one's  credulity  to  believe  that  either  collection  is 
compiled  literally  from  early  manuscripts. 

Page  21.  —  "There  is  but  little  known  of  the  Chegoggin  settlement." 

Mr.  Campbell  omits  to  state  that  this  site  of  a  mythical  French 
settlement  at  Chegoggin  was  at  the  head  of  the  lide,  and  accessible  by 
canoes,  or  the  flat-bottomed  boats  used  in  those  days,  from  either 
Chegoggin  or  Yarmouth  Harbors.  Hither  the  Atlantic  tides 'flowed  in 
those  days  ;  and  here  the  "  little  river  surrounded  by  meadows,"  spoken 
of  by  Champlain,  had  its  confluence  with  the  fresh  waters  of  the 
Chegoggin  River.  Here,  too,  at  the  head  of  the  marsh  where  the  salt 
and  fresh  water  met  at  the  first  falls,  was  the  place  most  favorable  to  the 
capture  of  fish  with  which  all  the  rivers  then  abounded,  and  it  therefore 
became  a  famous  Indian  camping-ground. 

Page  22. —  Mr.  Campbell  here  favors  the  reader  with  half  a  page 
from  Dr.  Parish's  manuscripts  which  formed  the  foundation  of  his 
"  History."  More  frecjuent  literal  quotations  from  the  same  source 
would  have  been  acceptable  in  place  of  the  mutilations  so  often  met 
with.  Strange,  that,  with  such  a  model,  we  get  so  little  entertainment 
from  Mr.  Campbell's  History  of  Yarmouth. 

Dr.  Johnson  said  of  Goldsmith,  " Nullum  quod  teiigit  non  ornaint" 

Substituting  tntncavit  for  the  last  word,  we  have  an  apt  motto  for  the 
foot  of  p.  200  of  Mr.  Campbell's  book. 

Pages  21  and  22.  —  "There  is  but  little  known  of  the  Chegoggin 
settlement.  The  fact,  however,  is  well  authenticated,. and  may  even  yet 
be  attested  by  the  still  visible  cellars  of  the  old  French  houses ;  .  .  . 
the  chapel  and  burying-ground  being  on  the  west  side  of  the  river." 

"The  Chebogue  settlement  suffered  in  the  same  way  as  Chegoggin. 
On  the  eastern  side  of  the  river  were  the  cemetery  and  chapel." 

There  is  neither  evidence  nor  trustworthy  tradition  of  an  Acadian 
chapel  at  either  Chebogue  or  Chegoggin.  Nor,  previous  to  1755,  was 
there  a  permanent  settlement  of  any  note  in  the  county,  except  at 
Pubnico,  and  possibly  at  Chebec,  now  known  as  Tusket  Wedge. 

An  Acadian  census  of  x  748  gives  twenty  families  at  "  Peaubom- 
coup  "  and  twenty-five  families  at  "  Tebok,"  the  latter  place  having  been 
sometimes  understood  to  mean  Chebogue.  But  if  at  all  within  the 
present  limits  of  the  county,  these  twenty-five  families  were  more  likely 


ACADIAN  CHAPELS.  39 

living  at  the  entrance,  or  upon  the  banks  of  the  Tusket  and  Abuptic 
Rivers,  where  there  were  superior  fishing  privileges  and  more  extensive 
marshes. 

Had  there  been  an  Acadian  chapel  previous  to  1755  we  would  have 
found  it  at  Pubnico,  the  oldest  and  the  central  settlement,  between 
Chebec  on  the  one  side  and  Ministiguesh  (Barrington  Passage)  on  the 
other. 

Acadian  history  records  but  six  Roman-Catholic  chapels  in  1753, — 
one  at  Annapolis,  Cobequit,  Mines,  Canard,  and  two  at  Pigiguit ;  the 
population  of  these  districts  having  been,  in  1 748,  about  ten  thousand, 
and  elsewhere  in  the  peninsula  of  Nova  Scotia  only  twenty-seven  hun- 
dred more ;  namely,  at  Beau  Bassin,  Chicnecto,  Canseau,  Chedabucto, 
and  at  some  small  settlements  scattered  along  the  eastern  and  southern 
coasts,  the  last  estimated  al  six  hundred,  all  told. 

What  Mr.  Campbell  describes  as  old  French  cellars  at  Chegoggin 
are  no  doubt  what  remain  of  excavations  made  by  the  Indians  for  their 
winter  stock  of  corn  and  dried  fish.  These  storehouses  were  five  or  six 
feet  deep  and  from  five  to  fifteen  feet  wide.  As  a  protection  against 
rain  and  frost,  the  Indians  covered  them  with  poles,  dried  grass,  and 
sods. 

Page  23.  —  This  story  of  a  conflict  between  the  French  and  Eng- 
lish at  Tusket  Likes  may  serve  as  a  tradition  ;  but  any  one  familiar 
with  the  Tusket  River  knows  that  no  '"  boat  despatched  from  an  armed 
vessel"  could  ascend  "  Hatfield's  Falls"  at  the  foot  of  Lake  Vaughan, 
three  miles  below  where  the  scene  of  the  massacre  is  located.  To 
this  day,  these  falls  are  not  navigable  to  a  ship's  boat  of  any  ordinary 
size.  Small,  flat-bottomed  boats,  constructed  especially  for  such 
service,  capable  of  carrying  five  or  six  men,  and  managed  by  skilled 
voyageurs,  may  be  "  poled  "  up  the  falls,  which  together  are  about  one- 
third  of  a  mile  in  length,  and  which,  during  the  present  century,  have 
been  materially  "  improved,"  to  facilitate  the  downward  passage  of 
rafts  of  timber  and  lumber,  and  the  capture  of  salmon  and  alewives 
on  their  upward  passage. 

The  story  is  so  much  better  told  in  Haliburton's  History,  that  Mr. 
Campbell  should  have  adhered  more  closely  to  the  original,  which 
reads,   "  To   this   spot  they  the    [French]    fled   for    refuge   when    the 


40  ROMANCE   OF  THE  LAKES. 

sentence  of  general  transportation  was  passed  upon  them  in  1755. 
But  even  the  solitude  and  seclusion  of  this  spot  did  not  shelter  them 
from  the  pursuit  of  their  enemies.  A  boat,  despatched  from  an 
armed  vessel  in  the  mouth  of  the  Tusket,  and  guided  by  a  native 
pilot,  ascended  the  river  and  its  chain  of  lakes,  to  invade  this  asylum, 
and  advanced  within  a  mile  of  the  village.  At  a  narrow  strait,  where 
the  river  is  contracted  to  twenty  or  thirty  yards  in  width,  and  the 
umbrageous  branches  of  the  sombre  pines  overarched  the  pass  and 
enveloped  it  in  shade,  an  ambuscade  had  been  formed  by  the  fugi- 
tives ;  and  the  unsuspecting  crew,  surprised  under  the  very  muzzles 
of  their  assailants'  guns,  received  a  most  desperate  discharge  of  mus- 
ketry, which  either  killed  or  wounded  the  whole  party.  This  petty 
triumph,  though  it  might  gratify  revenge,  and  procrastinate  their  cap- 
tivity, only  served  to  render  their  fate  more  certain ;  and  they  were  at 
last  compelled  to  fly.  Some  escaped  to  the  woods,  and,  becoming 
domiciled  with  the  Indians,  never  after  wished  to  return  to  the  haunts 
and  habits  of  white  men  ;  but  the  greater  part  were  captured,  and 
transported  with  their  families  to  New  England.  After  the  pacifica- 
tion of  1 763,  they  were  permitted  to  return  ;  and  the  Acadians  of 
Clare,  Eel  Brook,  and  Pubnico  are  chiefly  descendants  of  these 
people." 

On  p.  9  of  his  introductory  chapter,  Mr.  Campbell  says  the  notice 
of  Yarmouth  and  Argyle  was  written  by  Dr.  Farish,  and  inserted 
without  alteration  in  Haliburton's  History  of  Nova  Scotia.  Here, 
then,  is  a  divided  responsibility  for  the  unaccountable  statement  that 
the  x\cadians  of  Clare,  Eel  Brook,  and  Pubnico  are  chiefly  descended 
from  the  former  inhabitants  of  a  little  village  at  the  head  of  Lake 
Vaughan  (now  John  Raynard's  homestead),  as  well  as  for  that  other 
statement  in  Haliburton's  History  that,  "  At  Pubnico  the  Acadians 
and  Indians  subsisted  for  many  years  on  eels"  though  the  latter  may 
have  been  an  interpolation  practised  by  some  mischievous  imp,  and 
unwittingly  published  by  Haliburton. 

But  the  story  loses  some  of  its  rom.antic  features  in  a  common  opinion 
that  no  such  massacre  occurred  beneath  the  "  umbrageous  branches  of 
the  sombre  pines."  It  is  true  that  a  war-ship  lying  at  the  Tusket  Islands 
despatched  an  armed  boat  for  an  expedition  up  the  river,  which  boat 


YARMOUTH   TOWNSHIP.  4' 

did  not  return  to  the  ship ;  but  a  common  opinion  prevailed  that  the 
boat's  crew  decided  to  desert,  and  under  cover  of  the  night  made  their 
way  to  a  Cape  Cod  fishing-craft  also  lying  at  anchor  among  the  islands  ; 
that  the  crew  with  their  boat,  arms,  and  ammunition  were  taken  on 
board  the  "  fisherman,"  and  carried  to  a  Massachusetts  outport,  where 
the  crew  made  good  their  escape. 

Pages  29  and  30.  — "  This  second  grant  of  the  whole  township 
(100,000  acres),  recorded  on  Jany.  8th,  1760,  is  immediately  followed 
by  another,  recorded  on  the  same  day,  granting  to  several  parties  men- 
tioned in  the  preceding  grant  of  the  whole,  27,000  acres.  I  confess 
when  I  read  these  several  grants,  and  others  with  them,  I  had  very  great 
difficulty  in  reconciling  them.  But  I  have  come  to  the  conclusion  that 
as  grants  cost  nothing  to  take  out,  they  were  taken  out  at  random,  or  on 
speculation."       "■  '•*  •'?^'      =u  ..;,;..i,..,.' ,,■.)>.,.     .,      --.;.,,;:»....*,, 

These  speculations  may  be  set  at  rest  by  the  simple  statement  that  the 
two  grants,  together  127,000  acres,  were  intended  to  cover  the  entire 
area  of  Yarmouth  Township  (except  waters,  marshes,  reservations  for 
highways,  etc.)  shown  to  be  by  the  final  grant  of  1767,  129,638  acres. 
The  grant  of  27,000  acres,  no  doubt,  covered  the  lands  lying  between 
"  Hersey's  Branch "  and  the  main  Tusket  River,  now  known  as  the 
"third  division,"  and  containing,  as  shown  by  the  plan  of  1787,  29,075 
acres. 

Pages  30  and  31.  —  "  The  name  of  the  township  first  appears  in  the 
grant  made  Sept.,  1759,  in  which  it  is  provided  that  the  tract  of  land 
hitherto  known  as  Cape  Forchue,  shall  be  '  a  township  to  be  called  here- 
after and  known  by  the  name  of  the  Township  of  Yarmouth.'  This  fact 
is  interesting,  as  it  affords,  from  the  circumstance  that  about  100  out  ot 
the  133  grantees  of  1759  were  inhabitants  of  New  England,  a  presump- 
tion that  the  name  was  suggested  by  those  who  were  already  acquainted 
or  identified  with  the  Township  and  Town  of  Yarmouth,  in  Massachu- 
setts." :    ■■■-:--    .;■-    ■■      .     :  ;    .  ^-^  -r-    ^--        ■  -.--.--    --:■ 

The  county  names,  Halifax,  Colchester,  Cumberland,  Guysborough, 
Kings,  Queens,  Annapolis,  Digby,  and  Shelburne,  give  sufficient  indica- 
tion of  their  English  origin,  as  does  Yarmouth  that  it  was  named  from  a 
titled  personage,  friend  of  the  reigning  monarch.  It  is,  therefore,  an 
absurd  suggestion  that  the  name  came  from  Yarmouth,  Mass.,  a  town 


i^  EARLY  SETTLERS. 

never  of  any  great  importance  unless  from  the  fact  that  Joshua  Sears, 
Boston's  wealthiest  citizen  "  before  the  war,"  was  born  there,  as  well 
as  Capt.  Asa  Eldridge  who  commanded  Vanderbilt's  famous  steam- 
yacht  "  North  Star"  when  the  commodore  went  on  his  cruise  across  the 
Atlantic. 

The  little  village  on  Barnstable  Bay  did  indeed  have  the  additional 
honor  of  sending  here  three  noble  men,  whose  numerous  descendants 
have  always  occupied  high  rank  among  our  most  useful  and  valued  citi- 
zens ;  but  Lemuel,  Theophilus,  and  James  Crosby  did  not  come  here 
until  1777,  while  the  township  was  named  eighteen  years  before. 

Then,  on  p.  3,  Mr.  Campbell  says  that  the  Cape  Fourchu  River  the 
English  named  the  Yar,  from  which,  he  would  there  have  it  inferred, 
the  county  and  town  derived  their  name. 

Page  34.  —  "The  infant  colony  (during  the  first  winter)  was  reduced 
to  the  riiost  dire  distress.  They  had  brought  oxen,  cows,  calves,  hogs, 
and  horses  with  them  ;  but  .  .  .  these  only  added  to  their  distress.  The 
season  was  exceptionally  severe,  the  ground  remaining  covered  with 
snow  four  feet  deep  for  some  months.  Before  succor  arrived,  many 
had  suffered  beyond  description  from  the  extreme  rigor  of  the  season 
and  the  scarcity  of  provisions.  Twenty-seven  of  the  horned  cattle 
died  of  hunger  and  cold.  The  others  were  killed  for  food.  A  curious 
confirmation  of  this  tradition  is  found  in  an  old  ledger.  In  tlie  spring 
of  the  next  year,  one  person  sent  over  eleven  hides  to  the  Boston  market. 
...  In  the  early  spring,  some  were  reduced  to  the  necessity  of  try- 
ing to  obtain  sustenance  from  the  hides  of  the  animals  they  had  killed 
and  eaten.  So  extreme  were  their  sufferings  that  one  or  two  died  of 
want." 

Sealed  Landers,  Ebenezer  Ellis,  Moses  Perry,  Jonathan  Crosby,  and 
Joshua  Burgess  came,  with  their  families,  in  June,  1761.  Elishama 
Eldridge  and  seven  other  families  came  later  in  the  summer.  They 
brought  with  them  6  oxen,  50  cows  and  calves,  and  40  hogs.  If  there 
be  any  foundation  for  the  above  story,  which  may  well  be  doubted,  the 
first  settlers  were  men  of  ample  means  ;  for  according  to  John  Crawley's 
return  to  the  government  of  the  stock  at  Yarmouth  and  Chebogue  in 
the  second  winter  following,  1 763-1 764,  Moses  Perry  had  9  cattle,  13 
sheep,  and  6  hogs ;  Joshua  Burgess  had  7  cattle  and  8  hogs ;  Jonathan 


TOWNSHIP   GRANTS.  43 

Crosby  had  2  cattle  and  2  hogs;  Ebenezer  Ellis  had  10  cattle,  12 
sheep,  and  3  hogs ;  Elishama  Eldridge  had  7  cattle  and  2  hogs ;  and 
Sealed  Landers,  the  miller,  had  8  cattle,  but  only  one  hog. 

Page  35. — "One  of  the  party  confessed  in  after  years  to  a  friend 
whose  testimony  is  trustworthy  that  the  sweetest  meal  she  ever  ate 
was  made  from  the  tail  of  a  hide,  which  she  cut  off  and  cooked." 

The  term  "  confessed  "  suggests  that  Mr.  Campbell  has  overlooked 
the  fact  that  epicures  still  often  commence  I  heir  feasts  with  ox-tail 
soup. 

Page  35.  —  "It  is  an  uniform  tradition  that  one  of  the  men,  half- 
starved  and  reckless  of  the  result,  ate  so  freely  of  biscuit,  that  he  only 
just  lived,  even  after  laborious  rubbing  and  oiling.'" 

Have  Yarmouth  physicians  generally  adopted  this  concise  form 
to  express  the  administering  of  castor-oil? 

Page  39.  —  "After  eighteen  months  had  elapsed  and  nothing  had 
been  done,  on  the  25th  Sept.,  1761,  the  Council  appointed  a  com- 
mittee for  dividing  the  forfeited  lands  in  the  Township  of  Yarmouth." 

After  the  expulsion  of  the  French,  the  Nova  Scotia  Government 
were  anxious  to  colonize  the  Province  with  British  subjects,  excluding 
Roman  Catholics ;  and  accordingly  immigrants  were  invited  from  the 
older  American  colonies.  Hence  the  grants  of  1759  and  1760,  which 
becoming  inoperative,  a  final  grant  was  passed  in  1767.  But  the 
terms  of  the  grant  were  never  enforced  :  the  rent  of  "  one  shilling 
per  annum  for  each  50  acres  "  was  not  exacted,  nor  were  the  conditions 
of  enclosure  and  cultivation  fulfilled  from  that  day  to  this.  Many 
thousands  of  acres  covered  by  the  grant  of  1767  have  never  been 
improved  nor  enclosed,  but  are  still  held  by  the  heirs  of  the  original 
grantees,  or  by  persons  who  have  obtained  their  title  through  purchases 
from  the  grantees  or  their  heirs. 

Page  40.  —  "  A  share  consisted  of  666  acres ;  and  whenever  we 
use  the  word,  it  is  in  that  sense." 

And  whenever  it  is  thereafter  in  that  sense  used,  a  blunder  is 
repeated.  The  total  area  of  Yarmouth  Township  was  found  to  be 
153,107  acres;  and  deducting  the  area  of  the  lakes,  rivers,  marshes, 
reservations  for  highways,  etc.,  there  remained  for  division  129,638 
acres.     There  were  128  applicants  for  lands;  and  to  make  an  equitable 


44  SHARES  OF  LAND. 

allotment,  it  was  found  necessary  to  make  the  number  of  shares  149, 
exclusive  of  William  Tory's  grant.  The  government  reserved  four  of 
these  shares  for  church  and  school  purposes.  John  MacKinnon  had 
4  shares;  eight  grantees  had  each  2  shares;  thirty  had  i^  share; 
seventy  had  i  share ;  nineteen  had  each  half  a  share ;  and  there 
was  one  half-share  left  unappropriated. 

129,638  acres,  divided  into  149  shares,  give  870  acres  to  a  share. 
But  as  the  lands  varied  in  quality,  and  as  the  lots  varied  in  size, 
ranging  from  less  than  100  to  more  than  500  acres  in  area,  in  order 
to  maintain,  so  far  as  was  practicable,  an  equitable  division  in  point 
of  value,  the  number  of  acres  to  a  share  varied.  Probably  no  two 
individuals  received  the  same  quantity  of  land.  Some,  entitled  to 
one  share,  received  in  the  neighborhood  of  1,000  acres,  while  others 
received  only  about  750  acres  to  a  share.  The  grantees  of  one  share 
generally  received  four  lots,  or  more,  situated  in  different  parts  of  the 
township.  For  instance,  Abigail  Robbins,  widow  of  Benjamin,  a 
grantee  of  one  share,  had  one  lot,  116  acres,  extending  from  shore 
to  shore  across  the  end  of  Chebogue  Point ;  another  lot  midway 
between  Arcadia  Bridge  and  Salmon  River ;  another  on  the  "  old 
Kempt  Road,"  and  another  overlooking  the  scene  of  the  "ambus- 
cade" at  Tusket  Lakes,  —  together  916  acres.  ' 

It  is  easy  to  see  how  Mr.  Campbell  fell  into  the  error  of  describing 
a  share  of  land  in  Yarmouth  Township  as  666  acres,  an  error  three 
or  four  times  repeated  in  the  course  of  his  book. 

"  His  Majesty's  Royal  Instructions "  directed  the  establishment  of 
townships  to  consist  of  100,000  acres;  and  in  applying  these  instruc- 
tions to  Yarmouth,  it  was  proposed  to  divide  100,000  acres  into  150 
shares  (666|  per  share),  that  being  approximately  the  number  of 
shares  required  to  satisfy  the  claimants  at  the  time.  But  after  the 
boundaries  of  the  township  had  been  established,  they  were,  by 
admeasurement,  found  to  include  153,107  acres,  when  the  division 
proceeded  as  described. 

It  may  be  Mr.  Campbell  partly  followed  Haliburton,  who,  speaking 
of  Yarmouth,  says  in  his  History,  ''On  7th  April,  1767,  a  general  grant 
of  the  township  was  passed  in  150  shares  of  666  acres  each,  with 
reservations,  etc.,  and  reserving  a  space  of  300  feet  from  high-water 


RANALD  MACKINNON.  45 

mark  in  the   harbors  of  Cape  Fourchu  and  Chebogue  for  the  use  of 
the  fisheries." 

Page  40.  —  "  The  committee  .  .  .  were  evidently  of  opinion  that 
the  future  town  should  be  on  what  has  always  since  been  known  as 
Bunker's  Island,  and,  as  far  as  they  could,  they  provided  that  it  should 
be  so,  by  restricting  the  size  of  each  lot  to  one  acre." 

Whoever  divided  Bunker's  Island  did  not  "  restrict  the  size  of  each 
lot  to  one  acre."  The  area  of  the  island  was  34^  acres,  and  was 
divided  into  24  lots,  varying  in  size  from  three-quarters  of  an  acre 
to  two  and  three-quarters  acres,  which  were  granted  to  19  individuals. 
Some  of  the  grantees  received  more  than  one  lot ;  for  instance,  to 
Hezekiah  Bunker  were  granted  four  lots  containing  i^  acres.      > 

Page  41.  —  "They  reserved  all  the  islands  in  the  rivers  for  the  use 
of  the  fisheries  ;  and  discretion  for  themselves  to  modify  their  general 
plan."  '  • 

This  suggestion  of  the  committee  was  not  adopted.  .\11  the  islands 
were  granted  to  individuals,  as  may  be  seen  on  consulting  the  township 
plans  at  the  office  of  the  registrar  of  deeds. 

Page  47.—  "  Capt.  Ranald  MacKinnon  served  in  the  regular  army 
with  distinction,  and  afterwards  in  this  Province,  with  energy,  in  com- 
pleting the  expulsion  of  the  French." 

This  paragraph  implies  that  Ranald  MacKinnon  was  concerned  in 
the  expulsion  of  the  Acadians  in  1755.  ^^  ^^^  nothing  to  do  with 
that  disgraceful  affair.  He  came  first  to  America  in  June,  1757,  with 
his  regiment,  the  "  Montgomery  Highlanders ; "  and  he  was  engaged 
during  the  five  years  following  in  New  York  and  Pennsylvania,  as  will 
be  shown  later  on.  '  .  ,    ;    •     . 

By  a  deed  dated  at  Yarmouth,  June  27,  1764,  Ranald  MacKinnon 
"  gives  and  bequeaths  to  Joseph  Moulaison  250  acres  of  the  lands  he 
now  possesseth  for  his  proper  use  and  benefit,  including  in  the  same 
one-half  my  cleared  lands,  so  long  as  he  or  his  shall  continue  to  live  on 
the  same."  Joseph  Moulaison  was  one  of  the  Acadians  who  declined 
Winslow's  invitation ;  and  it  would  rather  seem,  therefore,  that'  Ranald 
MacKinnon  did  what  he  could  to  re-establish  Joseph  in  the  land  of  his 
forefathers,  and  perhaps  to  re-instate  hi»Ti  in  a  property  once  their  own." 

'  Appendix  D. 


46  .  THE  HERSEY  FAMILY. 

Page  52.  —  "  David  Hersey,  or,  as  it  afterwards  became  corrupted, 
Hassey,  lived  near  to  Ephraim  Cook,  who  built  a  saw  and  a  grist  mill, 
the  former  of  which  was  managed  by  Hassey ;  and  was  long  afterwards 
known  as  '  Hassey's  Mill.'  " 

The  name  Hersey  has  nevet  been  changed  to  Hassey,  as  this  para- 
graph implies.  The  Herseys  form  a  numerous  family  in  Yarmouth,  and 
they  spell  their  name  Hersey.  It  may  appear  Hassey  in  some  of  the 
early  records,  just  as  Phenias  Dur^^ey  and  Binjman  Darling  appear  in 
the  documents  on  pp.  41,  42. 

It  will  be  noticed  on  p.  113  that  David  Hersey  came  to  Yarmouth 
from  Plymouth,  Mass.,  in  1763.  The  Herseys,  no  doubt,  were  among 
the  "  Pilgrim  Fathers  "  who  arrived  at  Massachusetts  Bay  in  1620  and 
the  following  years.  One  of  the  first  settlers  of  Hingham,  Mass.,  in 
1635,  was  William  Hersey;  and  English  history  records  that  one  of 
the  name  came  over  to  England  with  William  the  Conqueror  in  1066. 
The  Herseys  to-day  continue  to  be  one  of  the  prominent  families  at 
Hingham.  Nearly  a  hundred  years  ago,  a  Dr.  Hersey  gave  the  money  to 
build  at  Hingham  the  "  Derby  Academy,"  still  a  prosperous  institution  ; 
and  John  A.  Andrew,  the  "  War  Governor  "  of  Massachusetts,  married 
a  Miss  Hersey  of  Hingham,  and  at  one  time  lived  there,  occupying  the 
"old  Hersey  House  on  the  hill,"  near  the  steamboat-wharf.  Their 
son,  John  F.  Andrew,  a  Boston  millionnaire,  and  a  lawyer  by  profession, 
was,  in  1885,  a  State  senator,  and  in  1886  the  Democratic  candidate 
for  the  governorship  of  Massachusetts. 

Daniel  Hersey  of  Hingham,  born  in  1786,  was  the  first  Grand 
Master  in  Massachusetts  of  the  Independent  Order  of  Odd  Fellows. 
He  died  in  1858. 

The  order  was  known  in  England  in  the  seventeenth  century,  and 
was  introduced  into  the  United  States  in  1 819  by  Thomas  Wildey,  born 
in  Londori  in  1782.  The  first  lodge  was  organized  at  Baltimore  by 
five  Englishmen.  It  was  called  Washington  Lodge  No.  i,  and  Thomas 
Wildey  was  the  first  Grand  Master.  The  Odd  Fellows  in  the  United 
States  now  number  over  530,000 ;  the  expenditures  for  relief,  in  1884, 
were  ;?2, 176,269,  the  receipts  of  the  subordinate  lodges  amounting  to 
^5.530,383- 


CHAPTER   IV. 

Early  Roads  between  Chebogiie  and  Yarmouth.  —  Why  Chebogue  was  first  spttled.  — 
I'uritan  Observances  and  Industry  of  the  Preachers.  —  Why  Acadians  were  e\i)elled. 
—  Samuel  S.  Poole,  M. P.P.  — Survey  and  Plan  of  Township  in  1786. —  Trade  Prac- 
tices in  Early  Times  — Free  Trade  the  Rule. — John  MacKinnon's  Advice  to  an  In- 
former.—  Henry  Alline,  a  \ew-Light  Preacher. —  His  Views  and  Eccentricities. — 
Alexander  IJain. —  His  Relation  to  a  Distinguished  Highland  Family.  —  Heroism  of 
Gillies  MacBane  at  Culloden.  —  Origin  of  the  Campbells. 

THE  list  of  grantees  of  the  land  of  Yarmouth  Township  upon 
p.  56  of  Campbell's  History  contains  127  names  (not  132, 
as  stated  on  p.  57),  but  the  name  of  Benjamin  Ellenwood,  jun.,  is 
omitted.  Of  at  least  50  of  these  grantees,  there  are  no  descend- 
ants bearing  the  name,  now  (1886)  living  in  the  county.  A  subse- 
quent chapter  will  contain  a  copy  of  the  scheme  of  division,  with 
the  number  and  area  of  the  lots  of  land  assigned  to  each  grantee. 

Page  57.  —  "  Later  on,  we  shall  see  that  many,  from  various  causes, 
finally  lost  their  lands." 

The  one  chief  cause  was,  that  some  of  the  grantees  never  came 
forward  to  claim  nor  dispose  of  their  lands,  which  from  time  to  time 
became  occupied  by  new-comers,  or  by  others  who  chose  to  take 
possession  of  them.  But,  as  before  stated,  the  conditions  of  the 
grants  were  never  enforced,  nor  did  the  lands  become  escheated  to 
the  government.  Indeed,  until  1786,  when  a  survey  and  plan  of  the 
township  were  made,  no  grantee  knew  where  the  greater  part  of  his 
lands  would  be  located,  and,  therefore,  could  neither  occupy  nor 
improve  them. 

Page  59.  —  "Roads  there  were  none." 

Campbell's  History  attaches  no  date  to  this  remark.  In  locating 
the  first  highways.  Sealed  Landers's  grist-mill  was  evidently  an  objective 
point,  for  Mr.  Landers  had  displayed  uncommon  judgment  in  select- 
ing the  site  for  his  mill. 


48  FIRST  HIGHWA  YS. 

Samuel  Goldsbury's  plans  of  division  of  Yarmouth  Township, 
matured  in  1787,  embodied  all  the  highways  established  to  that  date. 
They  include  the  existing  road  from  Stanwood's  Beach,  via  "Chipman's 
Corner,"  Chegoggin,  to  Milton,  and  thence  southerly  to  Chebogue 
Point,  with  a  branch  through  "Hilton's  Head,"  leading  up  to  the  land- 
ing-place at  Kelley's  Cove.  Although  the  reairns  for  a  road  were 
accepted  in  1774,  there  seems  to  have  been  no  connection  then 
between  the  Cove  road  and  the  road  on  the  western  side  of  Chebogue 
River,  which  was  laid  down  as  extending  from  the  bridge  at  Arcadia 
as  far  southerly  as  the  government  reservation  No.  10,  through  which 
it  passed  to  the  borders  of  the  marsh  opposite  the  north  end  of 
Nickerson's.  Island. 

This  main  thoroughfare  was  crossed  by  the  road  from  Starr's  to 
Vickery's  Corner,  and  thence  in  a  straight  line  along  the  east  side  of 
William  Curtis's  grant  to  the  Chebogue  River.  From  Starr's  Corner 
it  was  laid  out  to  the  shore  of  Yarmouth  Harbor  on  John  Walker's 
south  line. 

Upon  Goldsbury's  plan  is  also  laid  down  the  road  from  Moody's 
to  Gowen's  Corner,  and  thence  in  a  straight  line  across  the  Che- 
bogue Road  to  the  Salt  Marsh.  We  find  there  the  Wyman  Road  to 
Hibbard's  Corner  crossing  the  Cove  road  at  this  point,  and  follow- 
ing Eleazer  Hibbard's  north  line  to  the  head  of  the  creek.  This 
was  designed  as  a  road  to  Gilfillan's  and  Bunker's  Island.  It  appears 
never  to  have  been  opened,  although  a  reservation  was  made  for  it 
in  1787;  and  this  observation  will  apply  as  well  to  the  extension 
from  Starr's  Corner  to  Yarmouth  Harbor ;  from  Vickery's  Corner  to 
the  Chebogue  River ;  and  from  Ciowen's  Corner  to  the  borders  of 
the  Salt  Marsh. 

Page  60.  — "  The  first  road  laid  out  in  the  county  ran  from  the 
head  of  the  Salt  Pond  in  Chegoggin  to  Milton  Bridge,  .  .  .  through 
the  present  town  past  the  Sand  Beach  and  Cove  to  the  corner  of 
Hilton's  Road.  .  .  .  The  second  that  was  laid  out  claimed  precedence  ; 
for  it  was  called  'the  Highway  of  the  Town  of  Yarmouth,'  and 
extended  from  William  Curtis's  house  .  .  .  down  the  west  side  of 
Chebogue  River,  past  the  Chebogue  Burying-Ground  and  Rocky  Nook 
to  Chebogue  Point.    This  was  designed  to  be  the  great  thoroughfare 


NON-PRESENT  ISLAND.  49 

of    the    county.      So    man  proposes,    hut    God  disposes.      If    is  not 
exactly  so." 

The  first  settlers  occupied  the  shores  of  Chebogue  River  because 
adjoining  them  were  extensive  tracts  of  salt  marsh,  at  once  offering 
winter  fodder  for  their  cattle,  and  because  the  lands  there  were  better 
adapted  to  tillage  than  those  upon  Yarmouth  Harbor.  Hence  the 
Chebogue  Road  became  the  first  "  great  thoroughfare."  But  later 
comers,  Barnard,  Bond,  Brown,  Crosbys,  Flint,  Goudeys,  Haskell, 
Huntington,  Killam,  Lovitt,  Porter,  Rose,  Redding,  Walker,  and  others, 
noting  their  superior  advantages  for  commercial  purposes,  settled 
upon  the  lands  near  or  adjoining  Yarmouth  Harbor,  and  so  decided 
they  should  be  the  site  for  Yarmouth  County  Town.  And  yet,  the 
fact  remains,  that  the  "road  first  laid  out"  was  designed 'to  be,  as  it 
ultimately  became,  the  main  business  thoroughfare  of  Yarmouth. 

The  section  of  road  from  Vickery's  Corner  to  the  Chebogue  Point 
Road  has,  for  the  last  sixty  years,  been  maintained  in  more  uniformly 
good  condition  than  any  other  highway  of  equal  length  in  the  county. 
This  condition  was  attained,  not  from  the  larger  outlay  of  labor  on  the 
Chebogue  Road,  but  from  the  fact  that  its  easy  grades  and  undulating 
surface,  the  nature  of  the  soil  which  permitted  the  quick  absorption  of 
the  rainfall,  and  the  excellent  material  for  road-making  of  which  the  soil 
was  composed,  combined  to  render  the  work  of  comparatively  easy 
accomplishment  and  of  an  enduring  character. 

Page  62.  —  "  Such  an  institution  [for  fining  the  inhabitants  for  break- 
ing the  sabbath],  well  enforced  in  these  days,  would  yield  a  considerable 
revenue." 

That  is,  if  "  the  institution  "  were  founded  upon  the  observances  of 
the  early  Puritans  of  New  England. 

Page  63.  —  "  This  looks  like  a  formidable  company  of  preachers  for 
a  very  small  population  ;  but  in  all  probability  there  was  this  likeness  to 
the  apostles  in  all  of  them,  '  they  labored  with  their  own  hands.'  " 

Since  that  day,  the  community  would  have  been  better  served,  and 
some  of  the  preachers  would  have  fared  better,  if  they  had,  for  a  liveli- 
hood, united  the  labor  of  their  hands  with  that  of  their  heads. 

Page  66.  —  "  This  island,  called  corruptly  Nonparison,  got  its  name 
'  NoN  Prison  '  from  this  circumstance  :  At  the  deportation  about  1758,  a 


50  SAMUEL  SHELDOX  POOLE. 

number  of  Acadians,  who  had  been  collected,  ready  to  be  taken  to 
Boston,  were  .  .  .  placed  on  this  island,  which  was  thought  to  be  a  safe 
place.  But  between  wading  and  swimming,  they  managed  to  escape  ; 
and  .  .  .  afterwards  appropriately  named  it,  in  derision, '  Non  I'rison.'  " 

This  island  is  now  called  Roberts'  Island,  and  its  old  appellation  was 
neither  Nonparison  nor  Non  Prison,  but  Non  Present.  When  Prebble 
came  with  his  ships  to  carry  the  prisoners  off,  they  were  not  to  be  found. 

Page  75.  —  "General  information  is  much  needed  among  them 
[the  French  Acadians],  and  particularly  a  fair,  impartial  account  of 
their  own  history  in  this  Province.  As  an  illustration  of  this,  one  of  the 
most  intelligent  .\cadians,  a  gentleman  and  a  magistrate,  writing  to  me 
as  late  as  1872,  says,  with  \\\q  greatest  simplicity  and  child-like  confidence 
in  the  accuracy  of  his  conviction,  that  all  the  French  were  scattered 
from  the  country  because  they  ruould  not  take  the  oath  oj  abjuration 
against  their  own  Roman-Catholic  religion.^'' 

This  intelligent  gentleman  was  evidently  better  versed  in  the  history 
of  the  Acadians,  and  possesr"  '  a  more  correct  knowledge  of  the  true 
reasons  for  their  expatriation  and  dispersion,  than  the  Historian  of 
Yarmouth. 

In  1758,  when  the  Government,  by  proclamation,  invited  people  from 
the  other  colonies  to  come  to  Nova  Scotia  and  occupy  the  lands  of 
the  exiled  Acadians,  one  of  the  articles  was  to  this  effect :  "  That  as 
to  Religion,  full  liberty  of  conscience  is  secured  to  persons  of  all 
persuasions,  Papists  excepted,  —  to  Protestants  under  what  denomination 
soever,  according  to  their  several  opinions."  (See  pp.  26  and  28 
Campbell's  History.) 

Not  until  1783  were  the  laws  repealed  which  forbade  Roman 
Catholics  to  build  a  church  or  hold  public  worship  in  Nova  Scotia,  — 
a  forced  concession  to  Roman-Catholic  refugees  from  the  revolted  col- 
onies and  disbanded  soldiers  who  settled  in  the  Province  at  the  close 
of  the  American  war. 

Page  84.  —  "  He  [Mr.  Poole]  continued  to  represent  Yarmouth,  long 
after  his  physical  strength  was  equal  to  the  task,  .  .  .  Many  amusing 
stories,  more  or  less  true,  are  yet  remembered  by  the  older  generations, 
illustrating  the  several  features  of  his  character." 

When  at  length,  about  1830,  Mr.  Poole  became  through  old  age  dis- 


DIVISION  OF  LANDS.  %i 

qualified  for  public  service,  the  electors  deemed  it  wise  to  select  another 
candidate,  and  Capt.  Reuben  Clements  was  chosen.  Mr.  Poole,  how- 
ever, was  unwilling  to  give  way,  contested  the  election  with  Capt. 
Clements,  and  was  defeated.  But  it  is  related  with  "  more  or  less  " 
truth,  that  the  old  man  still  claimed  the  seat  by  right  of  long  possession, 
and  was  so  much  cast  down  at  the  thought  of  losing  it,  that,  with  tears 
in  his  eyes,  he  implored  Capt.  Clements  not  to  dispossess  him  ;  and 
Capt.  Clements,  in  the  goodness  of  his  heart,  and  with  the  aquiescence 
of  the  electors,  retired  from  the  field,  and  Mr.  Poole  was  returned 
as  member  for  another  term.  Mr.  Poole  was  then  eighty  years  old. 
He  died  before  the  end  of  the  term,  when  Capt.  Clements  succeeded 
iiim. 

So  little  real  strife  did  political  contests  engender  in  Yarmouth  only 
half  a  century  ago  ! 

Referring  to  the  instructions  (p.  95  Campbell's  History)  for  the 
final  division  of  the  lands,  they  are  not  easily  understood  unless  there  is 
an  error  in  the  transcript.  It  seems  likely  that  the  word  "  improved  " 
in  the  eighth  line  of  the  preamble  should  read  unimproveJ,  for  then  the 
meaning  would  be  clear.  The  first  clause  of  the  preamble  refers  to 
the  division  of  the  lands  "  actually  occupied  or  improved ;  "  and  as  there 
might  be  conflicting  interests,  the  dividing  lines  were  to  be  equitably 
established  by  "twelve  lawful  men,"  duly  sworn.  The  second  clause 
directs  that  the  unimproved  lands  be  "divided  by  ballot;"  that  is,  the 
township  having  been  previously  surveyed,  and  all  the  lands  divided 
into  lots  of  varying  size  and  quality,  the  choice  of  lots  was  to  be  deter- 
mined by  a  drawing  from  a  ballot-box  by  the  128  persons  or  their  repre- 
sentatives, among  whom  the  lands  were  to  be  divided,  each  person  being 
required  to  select  lots  in  each  of  the  three  divisions  to  make  up  his 
quota,  equal  to  the  average  of  870  acres  to  a  share. 

Pages  95  and  96.  —  "  We  have  already  referred,  at  some  length,  to 
the  escheatment  of  certain  lands  on  the  grounds  of  desertion  or  non- 
residence  between  1767  and  1787.  Similarly,  by  order  of  the  Supreme 
Court,  in  1797,  ten  years  after  the  partition  of  the  township,  an  escheat- 
ment of  'sundry  lots  of  land  belonging  to  sundry  persons  respectively  in 
arrears  in  payment  of  their  shares  and  proportion  of  the  expense  of 
executing  the  partition '  was  made." 


52  DIVISION  OF  LANDS. 

Notwithstanding  the  proceedings  so  indefinitely  detailed  on  pp. 
92-96,  no  lands  of  original  grantees  were  "escheated"  by  order  of  the 
government.  But  they  show  that  the  decisions  of  the  Supreme  and 
other  courts  of  Nova  Scotia  were  no  more  deserving  of  public  respect 
in  the  last  than  they  have  sometimes  been  in  the  present  century,  —  that 
their  decrees  were  often  influenced  by  personal  or  political  considera- 
tions ;  in  fine,  that  the  courts  —  creatures  of  the  politicians  —  were  only 
too  ready  to  bow  to  the  controlling  power  of  the  day. 

The  apportionment  of  the  lands  was  not  fully  completed  until  1787, 
when,  after  full  surveys,  a  perfect  plan  of  division  of  the  entire  lands  of 
the  township  was  executed,  copies  of  which  in  public  offices  in  Yar- 
mouth are  still  the  guide  in  all  land  transactions.  But  the  proceedings 
of  1787  were  entirely  confirmatory  of  those  of  1767,  and  the  names 
of  the  grantees  upon  p.  56  of  Campbell's  History  remain  unchanged 
in  the  papers  accompanying  the  plans  of  1787.  Yet  it  is  true  that 
certain  parties  arriving  in  Yarmouth  between  1767  and  1797  made 
repeated  though  unsuccessful  attempts  to  dispossess  some  of  the  original 
grantees,  and,  without  purchase,  to  obtain  their  lands  for  themselves. 

In  1767  the  lands  had  been  granted  to  two  classes  of  persons, — 
I  St,  to  those  actually  resident  in  the  township,  who  had  already  settled 
upon  the  lands  near  Yarmouth  Harbor  and  the  Chebogue  River ;  2d,  to 
persons  who  had  gained  distinction  in  military,  naval,  or  official  service, 
and  who  were  rewarded  with  grants  of  lands  ;  and  the  government  were 
disinclined  to  listen  to  proposals  to  deprive  such  i)ersons,  or  their  heirs, 
of  lands  granted  in  recognition  of  patriotic  service.  Siill,  it  happened, 
that  in  making  the  final  surveys  in  1 786,  and  in  defining  the  boundaries 
of  the  lots  in  some  parts  of  the  township,  certain  expenses  were  incurred 
which  the  proprietors  were  held  liable  to  pay  ;  and  when,  after  a  lapse 
of  ten  years,  owing  to  the  absence  or  indifference  of  a  few  of  the 
grantees  or  their  representatives,  these  charges  were  not  liquidated,  an 
order  of  the  Supreme  Court  was  obtained  for  the  public  sale  of  certain 
lots  to  the  highest  bidder. 

The  lands  at  that  day  possessed  no  great  value  in  money ;  and  the 
old  residents  having  already  all  they  could  u'ie  or  desired,  the  new- 
comers were  in  some  instances  enabled  to  obtain  what  they  wanted  at 
a   mere    nominal  price,  so  low  as  to  be   not  worth   mentioning   here. 


JOHN  MACKINNOX.  53 

Even  to-day,  there  are  thousands  of  acres  of  unimproved  lands  in  the 
Township  of  Yarmouth  (not  to  speak  of  the  county)  as  good  as  any 
hitherto  occupied  for  cultivation,  which  may  be  purchased  for  one  dollar 
an  acre,  and,  indeed,  for  less  when  remote  from  the  travelled  highways, 
or  in  sparsely  settled  districts  of  the  township,  some  large  tracts  being 
indeed  the  very  lands  which  the  new-comers  obtained  from  the  dispos- 
sessed grantees  or  their  heirs  by  the  Supreme  Court  process  they  set  in 
motion,  and  which  have  ever  since  remained  a  wilderness. 

Page  97.  —  "In  the  year  1764  Walter  Sollows  built  the  first  vessel 
that  was  launched  in  the  county,  on  Fish  Point  in  Cape  Forchue 
Harbor." 

Mr.  Lawson's  Record  of  Shipping  says  that  it  was  John  Sollows  who 
launched,  in  1 764,  the  first  vessel  built  bv  the  English.  But,  no  doubt, 
many  small  craft  had  been  built  by  the  French  during  their  earlier 
occupancy.     Walter  Sollows  was  born  May  12,  1768. 

Page  100.  —  "1764.  Credent  iox  peas  ■i.sik.i  diwiS.  past  resaits  in  full 
for  ever. — J[^  "  7  "  4.  .  .  .  The  ruling  passion  for  gain  was,  how- 
ever, irresistible  //;  one  case,  for,  on  the  very  next  folio,  a  fresh  account 
was  hopefully  opened." 

Mr.  Campbell  seems  to  have  mistaken  the  meaning  of  the  terms 
used  in  closing  the  old  account.  They  implied  that  there  should  be  no 
further  allusion  to  the  items  which  had  led  to  a  disagreement.  The 
ready  opening  of  the  new  account  was  evidence,  on  both  sides,  of  a 
Christian  spirit ;  and  it  seems  a  harsh  judgment  to  style  "a  ruling  passion 
for  gain  "  a  necessity  of  their  very  existence,  — the  frequent  interchange 
of  commodities  between  the  settlers  of  1 764,  numbering  only  about  fifty 
families,  and  scattered  over  a  wide  extent  of  territory.  But  little  money 
passed  in  the  trade  transactions  of  1 764,  and  harmonious  co-operation 
was  the  rule.  Discord  came  with  the  introduction  of  new  elements  at 
a  much  later  period. 

P.AGE  loi.  —  "Lieutenant  Ranald  McKinnon,  as  early  as  1766,  wa 
appointed  Collector  for  the  Impost,  Excise,  and  Licence  Duties  for  the 
Townships  of  Barrington  and  Yarmouth  in  the  room  of  John  Crawley 
resigned." 

Ranald  MacKinnon  died  in  1805.  His  son.  Major  John  Mac- 
Kinnon, was   afterwards   appointed   Collector    of  Customs   for  Argyle 


54  HENRY  ALLIA'E. 

Township.  In  those  days  there  was  little  desire  at  headquarters  in 
London  and  Halifax,  where  returns  were  made,  to  hamper  the  trade 
of  the  outports,  just  struggling  into  existence,  by  a  rigid  exaction  of 
imposts.  On  the  contrary,  free  trade  was  the  rule ;  and  the  Customs 
Offices,  then  under  the  control  of  the  Home  Government  from  whom 
appointments  emanated,  were  maintained  rather  for  the  purpose  of 
exercising  a  supervision  of  the  movements  of  vessels,  than  for  levying 
taxes  upon  their  owners  or  patrons,  and  therefore  seizures  for  smug- 
gling were  infrequent.  It  is  related,  that,  on  one  occasion,  a  Lower- 
Argyle  man  called  at  the  Major's  office,  and,  intimating  that  smuggling 
was  going  on  in  his  neighborhood,  he  inquired  of  the  Major  what  he 
would  get  for  watching  and  giving  information.  '•'  I  will  tell  you," 
replied  the  Major,  "  what  an  informer  generally  gets.  The  ill-will  of 
his  neighbors;  —  no  thanks  from  anybody;  —  and  he  may  think  him- 
self lucky  if  he  doesn't  get  a  damned  good  kicking  besides."  The 
Major's  Highland  blood  could  not  brook  an  informer. 

Page  103  et  seq.  —  •' At  the  end  of  that  time  (1781),  Henry  Alline, 
an  itinerant  preacher  of  the  body  then  lately  organized,  and  known 
as  NEW  LIGHTS,  visited  Yarmouth.  .  .  .  He  set  forth  doctrines 
which  no  sane  person  could  now  be  found  to  believe  or  defend.  .  .  . 
His  views  gradually  gained  a  footing.  They  were  at  first  wild  and 
repelling,  yet  singularly  fascinating  to  all  who  hailed  the  rise  of  .  .  . 
a  system  which  gave  the  widest  liberty  of  speech,  and  the  greatest 
diversity  of  practice." 

In  the  "History  of  the  Baptists,"  by  the  Rev.  I.  E.  Bill,  published 
in  1880,  from  an  article  said  to  have  been  written  by  Father  Manning 
(Baptist),  occur  these  passages  :  — 

"  His  [Henry  Alline's]  ideas  on  some  theological  ibjects  were 
crude  and  unsatisfactory  ;  but  on  vital  points,  such  as  the  entire  depravity 
of  the  human  heart,  and  salvation  only  by  grace  through  faith  in 
Christ  Jesus,  he  was  clear  as  the  morning  light.  .  .  .  He  was  a  bright 
and  shining  light  through  the  dark  regions  of  Nova  Scotia.  .  .  .  Mr. 
Alline  was  brought  up  a  Congregat'onalist,  and  from  that  community 
he  never  separated.  His  notions  of  church  discipline  were  confused 
and  indefinite.  The  external  order  of  the  gospel,  and  particularly 
baptism  and  the  mode  of  it,  he  professed  to  view  with  great  indifference. 


ALEXANDER  BAIN.  55 

He  baptized  but  little  himself,  and  never  condescended  to  go  into 
the  water,  but  was  willing  his  followers  should  practise  whatever  mode 
they  chose.  If  they  could  be  easy  in  their  minds  under  the  entire 
omission  of  the  ordinance,  he  considered  rather  their  felicity  than 
neglect ;  but  if  their  minds  dwelt  much  on  baptism,  he  advised  them 
to  go  forward  in  what  mode  they  chose,  that  they  might  thereby  quiet 
the  trouble  of  their  minds." 

Mr.  Campbell  has  succeeded  in  discovering  "  an  organized  body 
known  as  New  Lights,"  but  he  has  not  told  us  where  he  found  them. 
The  researches  of  other  people  have  not  disclosed  a  distinct  sect  nor 
an  "  organized  body "  known  by  that  name.  The  followers  of  the 
Rev.  George  Whitefield,  an  ordained  Presbyterian  clergyman,  who 
visited  New  Engla;id  occasionally,  and  died  at  Newburyport,  were 
called,  in  derision,  "  New  Lights,"  by  the  Congregationalists  and  people 
of  other  denominations. 

Henry  AUine  dievi  at  Northampton,  N.H.,  in  1784,  aged  thirty-five. 
In  the  annals  of  that  town  he  is  styled  an  "  eccentric  preacher." 

Page  no.  — "  By  memory  is  meant,  for  example.  Bunker's  Island, 
a  trace  —  the  only  one  —  of  Hezekiah  Bunker." 

Other  traces  of  Hezekiah  Bunker  will  remain  so  long  as  the  plans 
of  the  township  lands  are  consulted  at  the  office  of  the  Prothonotary 
or  Registrar  of  Deeds,  and  so  long  as  old  title-deeds  remain,  or  new 
ones  are  written,  conveying  lands  "  originally  granted  to  Hezekiah 
Bunker."  The  fourth  in  the  chain  of  lakes  connected  by  the  eastern 
branch  of  the  Cape  Fourchu  River,  and  situate  at  Ohio,  is  called 
"Bunker's  Lake  ; "  but  that  probably  derived  its  name  from  Paul  Bunker, 
one  of  whose  lots  of  land  lay  near  its  foot. 

Page  in.  —  "There  is  a  romantic  interest  attached  to  the  early 
history  of  Alex.  Bain,  or,  i7iore  properly,  McBain.  His  family  emigrated 
from  Scotland  about  the  year  1 761-2;  and  the  vessel  in  vtrhich  they 
came,  was  lost  somewhere  near  St.  John.  His  father,  mother,  and 
sister  were  lost ;  while  he,  a  child  of  eight,  escaped,  by  clambering 
along  a  fallen  mast.  He  was  brought  to  Yarmouth  in  1762,  by  John 
McKinnon,  on  Chebogue  Point,  who  also  brought  him  up." 

Avoiding  the  harsher  terms  which  might  not  be  considered  out 
of  place,  one  may  at  least  question  the  propriety  of  Mr.  Campbell's 


56  THE  MACBEANS. 

intimation  that  the  Bain  family  of  Yarmouth  would  spell  their  name 
"  more  properly  McBain."  The  shipwrecked  boy  Alexander  Bain,  of 
1762,  doubtless  spelled  his  name  as  his  father  did,  and  as  he  himself 
had  been  taught  by  his  mother  to  spell  it. 

Alexander  Bain  is  to-day  a  name  highly  honored  in  Scotland,  borne 
by  a  gentleman  born  at  Aberdeen  in  1818;  in  1845  he  was  appointed 
Professor  of  Natural  Philosophy  in  Anderson  Universit\  iiasgow ;  in 
1857,  Examiner  in  Logic  and  Philosophy  in  London  I  niversity ;  and 
in  i860,  Professor  of  Logic  in  the  L'niversity  of  Aberdeen.  He  is 
the  author  of  several  standard  works  on  metaphysics  which  enjoy  a 
world->/ide  fame.  James  Bain  and  Joseph  Bain  of  Scotland  are  also 
names  well  known  to  the  literary  world. 

An  earlier  James  Bain  was  an  ensign  in  the  "  Montgomery  High- 
landers," the  third  British  regiment  organized  in  the  Highlands  of  Scot- 
land, and  the  first  one  after  "  the  affair  of  '45  ; "  whose  commissions 
were  dated  Jan.  4,  1 75  7,  and  a  regiment  which  was  destined  to  distin- 
guished service  in  America.  Ranald  MacKinnon  of  Argyle  joined  the 
same  regiment  as  ensign,  and  Duncan  Bayne  was  one  of  its  lieutenants. 
These  three  young  gentlemen  joined  the  regiment  at  its  first  organiza- 
tion in  January,  1 75  7.  The  "  Montgomery  Highlanders "  will  be 
referred  to  in  a  subsecjuent  chapter. 

Donald  Bane,  son  of  King  Duncan,  was  himself  King  of  Scotland  in 
1093. 

William  Bain  joined  the  "  Fraser  Highlanders "  as  ensign  at  the 
re-organization  of  that  regiment  in  1775. 

James  MacBean  in  1820  was  major  in  the  Seventy-eighth  High- 
landers. 

William  MacBean  (Victoria  Cross)  was  lieutenant-colonel  of  the 
"Sutherland  Highlanders,"  organized  in  1800,  and  known  as  the  Ninety- 
third  Regiment,  which  won  signal  honor  in  the  Crimea  and  at  Lucknow. 

Sir  William  MacBean,  K.C.B.,  was,  in  1843,  colonel  of  the  "  Gordon 
Highlanders,"  organized  in  1794;  and  in  1869,  Forbes  MacBean  was 
lieutenant-colonel  of  the  same  regiment. 

All  the  names  here  adduced  are  spelled  as  they  are  found  to  be  in 
current  history,  and  as  their  oimiers  doubtless  spelled  them;  and  they 
are  all  representatives  of  the  same  great  Highland  clan,  the  MacBeans, 


GILLIES  MACBANE.  57 

MacBanes,  or  MacBains.  They  derived  their  name  from  their  living  in 
a  mountainous  district,  and  from  the  GaeHc  word,  variously  spelled  Ben, 
Ban,  Beann,  Bainn,  Bean,  Bain,  and  Bane,  literally  meaning  white,  or 
beautiful,  and,  when  applied  to  a  mountain,  signifying  its  snow-covered 
top.  They  are  considered  to  be  a  branch  of  the  clan  Macintosh,  or,  as 
some  of  themselves  believe,  of  the  Camerons. 

A  division  of  the  MacBeans  fought  under  Lochiel  in  1745,  but  a 
larger  number  were  found  on  the  side  of  the  Stuarts  under  Ciillies  Mac- 
Bane  of  the  house  of  Kinchoil  in  the  Macintosh  battalion.  This  gigan- 
tic Highlander,  who  was  six  feet  four  and  a  half  inches  in  height,  dis- 
played remarkable  prowess  at  the  battle  of  Culloden. 

James  Logan  in  his  work  "The  Scottish  Gael,"  published  in  1831, 
says,  — 

"  In  the  disastrous  battle  of  Culloden,  the  heroism  of  Gillies  Mac- 
Bane  was  most  eminently  displayed,  and  was  worthy  of  a  better  fate. 
This  gentleman  was  major  of  the  regiment  of  the  clan  Macintosh  ;  and 
when  the  Argyle  militia  broke  down  the  park  wall,  which  enabled  them 
to  attack  the  Highlanders  in  flank,  the  brave  Gillies  stationed  himself  in 
the  gap,  and,  as  the  enemy  entered,  they  severely  suffered  from  the 
irresistible  strokes  of  his  claymore.  At  last,  finding  himself  opposed 
singly  to  a  whole  troop,  he  set  his  back  to  the  wall,  and  defended  him- 
self with  the  fierceness  of  desperation,  keeping  the  enemy  long  at  bay, 
and  killing  an  almost  incredible  number.  Some  officers,  admiring  his 
valor,  endeavored  to  save  his  life ;  but  Gillies  fell  vvliere  he  had  slain 
thirteen  of  his  foes.  According  to  some  accounts,  the  number  was 
much  greater." 

The  following  verses  are  said  to  be  from  the  pen  of  Lord  Byron  :  — 

"  The  clouds  may  pour  down  on  Culloden's  red  plain. 
But  the  waters  shall  flow  o'er  its  crimson  in  vain ; 
For  their  drops  shall  seem  few  to  the  tears  for  the  slain, 
But  mine  are  for  thee,  my  brave  Gillies  Macbane. 

Though  thy  cause  was  the  cause  of  the  injured  and  brave, 
Though  thy  death  was  the  hero's,  and  glorious  thy  grave, 

^     With  thy  dead  foes  around  thee,  piled  high  on  the  plain, 

My  sad  heart  beats  o'er  thee,  my  Gillies  Macbane. 


58  THE   CAMPBELLS. 

How  the  horse  and  the  horsemen  thy  single  hand  slew ! 

But  what  could  the  mightiest  single  arm  do? 

A  hundred  like  thee  might  the  battle  regain ; 

But  cold  are  thy  hand  and  heart,  Gillies  Macbane.  . 

With  thy  back  to  the  wall,  and  thy  breast  to  the  targe, 
Full  flashed  thy  claymore  in  the  face  of  their  charge : 
The  blood  of  their  boldest"that  barren  turf  stain, 
But  alas  !  thine  is  reddest  there,  Gillies  Macbane. 

Hewn  down,  but  still  battling,  thou  s  .nk'st  on  the  ground; 
Thy  plaid  was  one  gore,  and  thy  breast  was  one  wound  ; 
Thirteen  of  thy  foes  by  thy  right  hand  lay  slain  ; 
Oh  !  would  they  were  thousands  for  Gillies  Macbane  ! 

Oh  !  loud  and  long-heard  shalt  thy  coronach  be, 
And  high  o'er  the  heather  thy  cairn  we  shall  see ; 
And  deep  in  all  bosoms  thy  name  shall  remain. 
But  deepest  in  mine,  dearest  Gillies  Macbane. 

And  daily  the  eyes  of  thy  brave  boy  before. 
Shall  thy  plaid  lie  unfolded ;  unsheathed  thy  claymore  ; 
And  the  White  Rose  shall  bloom  on  his  bonnet  again, 
Should  he  prove  the  true  son  of  my  Gillies  Macbane." 

Mr.  Campbell  is  concerned  that  the  branch  of  the  family  to  which 
our  first  Alexander  Bain  belonged,  throwing  aside  all  superfluities, 
preferred  their  form  of  spelling  the  name  to  that  chosen  by  others,  and 
among  these  to  the  form  McBain  which  Mr.  Campbell  himielf  professes 
to  prefer.  But  it  will  be  allowed  that  the  form.  Bain,  has  had  strong 
support,  and  with  good  reason  too,  both  in  civil  and  military  life. 

The  Bains,  on  their  part,  might  inquire  why  the  name  Campbell  is 
so  written  with  its  superfluous  letters,  instead  of  in  the  older  and  simpler 
form  Cambel,  or  Kambel,  as  it  appears  in  ancient  Scottish  chronicles. 
Some  claim  the  name  to  have  been  derived  from  de  Campo  Bello,  a 
Norman  knight,  who  came  to  England  with  William  the  Conqueror, 
a'companion,  perhaps,  of  the  ancestor  of  the  Herseys  of  Little  River. 


THE  CAMPBELLS.  59 

It  is  alleged,  in  opposition  to  this  account,  that,  in  the  oldest  form 
of  writing  the  name,  it  is  spelled  Cambel,  or  Kambel ;  and  it  is  so  found 
in  many  ancient  documents  which  are  preserved  in  the  British  Museum. 
Other  writers  assign  a  very  different  origin  to  the  name.  "  It  is  per- 
sonal," they  say,  "  like  that  of  some  other  of  the  Highland  clans,  being 
composed  of  the  words.  Cam,  bent  or  crooked,  and  Bcul,  mouth  ;  this 
having  been  the  most  prominent  feature  of  the  great  ancestor  of  the 
clan,  Diarmid  O'Dubin,  or  O'Duin,  a  brave  warrior,  celebrated  in 
traditional  history^  who  was  contemporary  with  the  heroes  of  Ossian." 

Keltic  says,  "The  name  Campbell  is  undoubtedly  one  of  consid- 
erable antiquity,  and  the  clan  has  long  been  one  of  the  most  numerous 
and  powerful  in  the  Highlands ;  although  many  families  have  adopted 
the  name  who  have  no  connection  with  the  Campbells  proper,  by  blood 
or  descent.  The  origin  of  the  name,  as  well  as  the  founder  of  the 
family,  remain  still  a  matter  of  the  greatest  doubt." 

And  James  Logan,  in  his  standard  work  already  quoted,  says,  "The 
Bains,  or  Baynes,  of  Tullach,  an  old  and  respectable  family  of  Ross-shire, 
like  several  other  Highland  Septs,  nevrr  prefixed  Mac  to  their  names : 
but  they  must  be  accounted  members  oi  this  clan  (the  MacBeans)." 


CHAPTER   V. 

• 

Land  Reservations  for  Church  and  School  Purposes.  —  Privateers  of  1812-1815.  —  Foreign 
Trade  of  the  Port.  —  Not  established  by  Anthony  Landers.  —  The  Men  he  brought  to 
Yarmouth.  —  Their  Influence  on  the  Community.  — Thomas  .Allen:  his  Enterprise  and 
Usefulness.  —  Yarmouth,  Mass.,  in  1650  and  1817. —  Mr.  Campbell's  Views  on  Confed- 
eration controverted.  —  Joseph  Howe's  i^peech  in  Parliament  when  proposing  Public 
Monument  to  Herbert  Huntington.  —  Chebogue  and  Yarmouth.  —  .Superior  Advantages 
of  Chebogue  for  Settlement.  —  Maintenance  of  Bridges.  —  Balance  of  Trade  Theory.  — 
How  it  works. 

1).\GES  120  and  121.  —  "  In  the  spring  of  1807,  the  old  Episcopal 
Church  was  raised.  .  .  .  On  the  preceding  Michaelmas  Day,  Sept. 
29,  1806,  the  first  parish  officers  had  been  appointed.  ...  As  men 
who  were  looking  ahead,  the  churcli  wardens  and  vestry  resolved  to 
obtain  grants  of  land  for  glebe  and  school  purposes.  And  in  the 
month  of  August,  1807,  the  rector  went  to  Halifax  on  that  business, 
bringing  back  with  him  the  grant  and  plans  of  the  lots  assigned.  For 
many  years  very  strong  feeling  existed  in  the  town  on  the  subject,  the 
popular  conviction  being  that  their  church  brethren  had  no  legal  right 
or  title.     Nor  were  they  forward  to  prove  that  they  had.^' 

These  lands  were  the  government  reservations  of  xid"],  four  shares 
in  the  Township  of  Yarmouth,  3,938  acres,  for  church  and  school  pur- 
poses. That  these  lands  should  be  afterward  claimed  and  held  for  the 
exclusive  use  of  a  small  body  of  Episcopalians,  was  a  grievance  to 
Dissenters;  and  it  was  a  long  time  before  the  "church  party"  were 
permitted  to  hold  them  in  peaceable  possession.  Eventually  the  oppo- 
sition subsided.  The  lands  were  sold  from  time  to  time,  and  the  pro- 
ceeds applied  to  the  exclusive  use  of  "Trinity  Parish."  The  schools 
were  entirely  ignored;  and  just  about  the  time,  1862,  a  portion  (about 
two  acres)  of  one  of  the  lots  in  the  central  part  of  the  town  was  sold 
for  the  benefit  of  the  Episcopal  Church,  realizing  upwards  of  $4,000, 
the  residents  of  the  school-district  in  which  that  lot  was  situated,  raised 


PLEASURE-CARRIAGES.  6l 

by  private  subscription,  almost  wholly  among  themselves,  about  $16,000, 
and,  upon  a  lot  of  land  quite  near  the  church-lot,  built  the  "  Yarmouth 
Seminary,"  referred  to  on  p.  167,  Campbell's  History,  the:  eing  at  that 
time  not  a  single  public-school  building  in  the  Township  01  Varmouth. 

Page  125.  —  "  In  the  year  1831,  there  were  140  pleasure-carriages  in 
Yarmouth;  and  by  the  census  of  1871,  it  appears  there  were  1,438, 
besides  2,916  other  veh'cles  in  the  county." 

This  enumeration  of  4.354  vehicles  must  have  included  every  thing 
from  an  ox-cart  to  a  wheelbarrow;  for,  in  187 1,  there  were  in  Yarmouth 
County  only  3,200  houses  and  18,550  inhabitants. 

If  the  two  first  pages  of  chapter  15  of  Campbell's  History  fairly 
describe  the  highways  of  Yarmouth  at  the  beginning  of  this  century,  the 
importation  of  a  "  pleasure-carriage  "  in  1 799,  and  the  attempts  to  use 
it  in  1804  and  1805,  so  graphically  described  by  Mr.  Campbell  on 
p.  124,  were,  to  say  the  least,  imprudent. 

"  But  pleasures  are  like  poppies  spread, 
You  seize  the  flower,  its  bloom  is  shed : 
Or,  like  the  snow-falls  in  the  river, 
A  moment  white  —  then  melts  forever ; 
Or  like  the  borealis  race, 
Thatyf//  ere  you  can  point  their  place  ; 
Or  like  the  rainbow's  lovely  form, 
Evanishing  amid  tlie  storm." 

The  fact,  however,  is,  that  Mr.  Campbell  had  no  proper  warrant  for 
saying  that  there  were  140  "pleasure-carriages"  in  Yarmouth  in  1831, 
nor  1,438  in  1871  ;  for  it  may  be  doubted  if  in  1876,  the  year  his  book 
was  issued,  there  were  a  dozen  vehicles  in  Yarmouth  which  could  be 
correctly  classed  as  pleasure-carriages. 

The  importer  of  the  carriage  in  1 799  was  the  only  physician  in 
Yarmouth,  and  therefore  the  first  resident  likely  to  need  a  carriage. 

Page  130.  —  "Without  being  able  to  assert  positively  how  many 
Yarmouth  vessels  were  taken  by  American  cruisers,  we  have  been  able 
to  trace  seven  distinctly.  On  the  other  hand,  we  took  at  least  ten  of 
theirs,  —  a  ratio,  if  the  tonnage  were  proportionate,  which  viust  have 
tended  to  the  final  prosperity  of  the  county."  (!) 


62  EARLY  SHIP-OWNERS. 

The  "Record  of  the  Shipping  of  V'armouth,"  also  published  in  1876, 
gives  upon  the  lists  of  vessels  owned  at  the  port  in  181 2-1 8 15  the 
names  of  22  prizes,  1.85 1  tons,  not  all,  however,  captured  by  Yarmouth 
privateers.  The  total  shipping- of  the  port  in  1815  is  stated  at  49 
vessels,  2,441  tons.  The  same  l)Ook  gives  the  names  and  tonnage  of 
Yarmouth  vessels  captured  by  American  privateers  in  181 2,  18 13,  and 
1 8 14.  These  were  nine  vessels,  807  tons.  No  matter  what  the  dis- 
parity in  the  numbers  or  tonnage  of  the  prizes,  the  war  of  181 2  could 
not  have  been  otherwise  than  disastrous  to  the  commerce  of  the  port. 
No  nation  or  community  ever  yet  prospered  through  the  seizure  in  time 
of  war  of  private  property,  either  by  land  or  sea.' 

Page  134.  —  "The  names  of  Robbins,  Lovitt,  Baker,  Ryerson,  Moses, 
Killam,  Dennis  &:  Doane,  (ioudey,  Moody,  and  very  many  others,  tell 
us  of  the  successful  extension  of  our  foreign  shipping  interests.  But  to 
none  of  them  .  .  .  belongs  the  honor  of  having,  so  to  speak,  originated 
the  foreign  trade  of  the  port.  That  honor  belongs  to  a  man  whose 
name  does  not  appear  in  our  lists,  —  Anthony  Landers,  a  native  of  Sun- 
derland, England,  whose  spirited  and  extensive  operations  in  ship- 
building merited  a  more  successful  issue." 

No  one  should  publish  a  list  of  the  names  of  men  foremost  in 
developing  the  shipping  industry  of  Yarmouth,  and  omit  those  of 
Marshall,  Gardner,  Tooker,  Barnard,  Cann,  Clements,  Flint,  Durkee, 
Kelley,  Rogers,  Haley,  Hilton,  Scott,  or  Allen ;  for  either  of  them 
deserves  as  prominent  a  place  as  those  Mr.  Campbell  mentions,  and 
they  are  the  men  with  the  Lovitts,  Killams,  Moodys,  and  Dennises  who 
really  originated  and  successfully  developed  "  the  foreign  trade  of  the 
port."  Not  a  single  name  on  either  list  deserves  more  honorable  men- 
tion than  the  name  of  Gardner  ;  for  the  men  of  that  family  not  only  were 
themselves  the  enterprising  owners  of  vessels  engaged  in  foreign  trade 
during  the  first  twenty  years  of  the  present  century,  but  from  the  begin- 
ning of  the  century  until  shipbuilding  fell  among  the  "  lost  arts "  in 
Yarmouth  County,  they  were  known  as  the  builders  of  many  of  the 
largest  and  finest  vessels  built  for  themselves,  or,  in  later  years,  for  other 
leading  ship-owners.  Perhaps  it  may  not  be  far  out  of  the  way  to  say 
that  the  number,  if  not  the  aggregate  tonnage,  of  the  vessels  built  in 

•  Appendix  E. 


ANTHONY  LANDERS.  63 

Yarmouth  County  by  the  (lardners,  e(iuals  one-fourth  that  of  all  other 
vessels  built  there  from  1800  to  1870.  Ten  years  later  the  building  of 
wooden  sailing-ships  ceased  to  be  a  business  generally  worth  prosecuting. 

Anthony  Landers  neither  originated,  nor  to  any  great  extent  engaged 
in,  the  foreign  trade  of  the  port.  The  vessels  built  for  him  from  181 1 
to  1830  were  of  a  class  too  large  to  participate  in  any  foreign  trade 
Yarmouth  could  profitably  follow  at  that  period.  His  vessels  were 
probably  built  for  sale  in  the  English  market  for  the  most  part ;  and 
the  almost  universal  failure  of  those  engaged  in  it,  both  in  Yarmouth 
and  Digby  Counties,  has  followed  the  history  of  that  enterprise.  Mr. 
Landers  appears  to  have  met  the  fate  of  all  the  rest.  He  was  evidently 
a  man  of  great  enterprise,  and  of  an  order  of  intelligence  differing  from 
what  prevailed  in  Yarmouth  when  lie  first  visited  the  county.  If  he 
could  have  been  content  to  settle  down  in  Yarmouth  and  allow  his 
ship-building  and  ship-owning  business  to  grow  with  the  natural  growth 
of  the  place,  and  at  the  same  time  to  follow  those  other  enterprises 
in  which  he  showed  a  tendency  to  indulge,  viz.,  in  developing  the 
agricultural  resources  of  the  county,  and  in  elevating  the  social  and 
religious  status  of  its  people,  the  benefits  he  would  have  conferred  on 
Yarmouth  are  to-day  incalculable. 

Page  136.  —  "He  [Anthony  Landers]  may  justly,  I  conceive,  be 
called  the  father,  if  not  the  founder,  of  our  foreign  trade,  which  is 
the  main  source  of  the  continued  and  increasing  prosperity  of  Yar- 
mouth. .  .  .  But  fickle  as  she  is  said  to  be,  Fortune  was  more  than 
usually  so  with  this  man.  .  .  .  He  became  beggared  in  the  initiating 
and  prosecuting  of  an  enterprise  in  which  thousands  are  now  becoming 
rich." 

Anthony  Landers  is  here  again  called  the  "  father,  or  founder,  of 
our  foreign  trade."  With  his  Bittern  of  188  tons,  he  came  first  to 
Yarmouth  in  1808.  But  years  before  that  our  ship-owners  were  largely 
engaged  in  foreign  trade. 

The  "  Record  of  Yarmouth  Shipping  "  shows  among  the  new  ves- 
sels owned  at  the  port,  in  1808,  the  Lady  Sherbrooke,  290  tons;  in 
1807,  the  Penelope,  156,  Trafalgar,  105,  and  the  Jacob  and  Benjamin, 
104  tons;  in  1806,  the  Falkirk,  181,  and  the  Lord  Nelson,  103  tons; 
in   1802,  the  Arabella,  103  tons;  in   1801,  the    'Joseph  and  Lois,  103 


€4  ANTHONY  LANDERS. 

tons;  in  1797,  the  Industry,  133  tons;  and  also  in  and  before  1808, 
seven  schooners,  averaging  81  tons,  and  sixteen  averaging  65  tons, 
nearly  all  of  which  vessels  were  engaged  in  foreign  tra(ie. 

Mr.  Lawson's  "  Record "  shows  that  Anthony  Landers  built  his 
first  vessel  in  Yarmouth,  the  Peter  Waldo,  259  tons,  in  181 1.  }}ut 
Samuel  Marshall,  a  leading  Yarmouth  merchant  since  1787,  built  in 
1809  the  Claude  Scott,  261  tons;  and  in  the  same  year  we  find  the 
names  of  four  other  new  vessels,  averaging  1 1 1  tons.  With  the  same 
results  the  comparison  may  be  extended  to  18 13  when  .\nthony  Landers 
built  his  second  vessel,  the  Thales,  260  tons,  and,  further,  during  the 
entire  period  he  remained  in  Yarmouth. 

Page  140.  —  "It  is  hard  to  determine  how  much  is  due  to  the 
late  Anthony  Landers ;  but  among  other  things  with  which  he  may  be 
credited,  is  the  introduction  and  advancement  of  ti-e  Methocist  body 
in  this  county.  The  now  thriving  settlement  of  Hebron  was  very 
largely  Mr.  Landers's  property." 

There  is  very  little  foundation  for  the  statement  that  the  "  now 
thriving  village  of  Hebron  was  very  largely  Mr.  Landers's  property." 
The  value  of  Mr.  Landers's  possessions  at  Hebron  at  any  time  would 
not  have  exceeded  eight  thousand  dollars,  and  that  chiefly  consisted  in 
the  large  house  he  built  for  his  private  residence.  The  substantial 
.  growth  of  Hebron  took  place  long  after  Mr.  Landers  had  left  the 
county,  and  it  was  but  in  a  small  degree  attributable  to  his  influence. 
After  the  Beaver  River  and  Ohio  roads  were  opened  up,  Hebron 
Corner  became  naturally  a  business  centre,  and  the  building  of  the 
Baptist  Church  there  in  1834  led  some  of  the  elderly  people  to  cluster 
around  it. 

But  Anthony  Landers's  friends  need  not  look  to  Hebron  for  a 
monument  of  his  usefulness  and  enterprise.  These  took  a  far  wider 
range.  To  aid  him  in  his  operations,  he  brought  from  England  a 
number  of  vigorous  young  men  who  were  valuable  accessions  to  the 
community.  Among  these  were  Thomas  Winter,  William  Bullerwell, 
Joseph  Stoneman,  George  Allen  and  Thomas  Allen,  and  George  W. 
Brown. 

Yarmouth,  from  its  first  settlement,  has  never  had  a  more  indus- 
trious and  useful  citizen  than  the  late  Thomas  Allen.     For  the  twenty 


THOMAS  ALLEN.  65 

years,  1840  to  1S60,  that  he  was  prominent  among  our  ship-owners, 
the  vessels  bearing  iiis  flag,  mostly  built  for  him  by  Nelson  (lardner, 
sen.,  were  looked  upon  as  models  in  their  class,  —  as  a  little  neater 
in  style  and  finish  than  those  of  his  neighbors  at  Milton,  or  of  his 
friends  at  the  other  end  of  the  town. 

As  overseer  of  highways,  Thomas  .■\llen  constructed  the  first  well-built 
piece  of  road  in  Yarmouth  County,  —  that  from  Starr's  Corner  to  the 
"  Devil's  Half-Acre."  The  good  taste  and  skill  he  displayed  in  laying 
out  his  grounds,  the  admirable  order  everywhere  apparent  about  his 
Milton  homestead,  afforded  a  practical  illustration  of  what  one  man 
could  do  to  change  the  aspect  of  a  neighborhood. 

When  the  lands  were  bought  for  the  "  Mountain  Cemetery,"  Thomas 
Allen's  supervision  was  sought,  to  reduce  them  from  a  wilderness  con- 
dition ;  and  next,  to  lay  upon  the  grounds  the  plans  that  had  been 
prepared  by  H.  W.  S.  Cleveland,  an  eminent  landscape  engineer  from 
Massachusetts.  Thomas  Allen's  services  were  sought  because  there  was 
no  one  else  in  Yarmouth  at  that  time  who  could  have  done  the  work 
so  well. 

It  was  Thomas  Allen's  enterprise  that,  some  twenty  years  ago,  brought 
James  Pilling  to  Yarmouth  from  Liverpool,  England ;  and  the  transfor- 
mation Pilling  effected  in  the  Milton  landscape  will  long  attest  Thomas 
Allen's  usefulness  to  the  community  to  which  Anthony  Landers  had 
introduced  him. 

A  tablet  to  Sir  Christopher  Wren  in  St.  Paul's  Cathedral  bears  this 
inscription :  — 

SI   xMONUMENTUM   QUCERIS.   CIRCUMSPICE. 
Jf  you  seek  his  monument,  look  around. 

After  performing  a  grand  work  among  us  for  near  fifty  years,  Thomas 
Allen  has  gone  to  his  well-earned  rest.  But  his  memorials  are  widely 
and  deeply  impressed  upon  the  Yarmouth  landscape  ;  and  the  evergreen 
foliage,  overshadowing  many  a  quiet  path  of  his  tracing,  will  long  endure 
as  fitting  monuments  to  him. 

Page  148.  —  "Here  [Beaver  River,  1829]  the  first  Temperance 
Society  in  Nova  Scotia,  or,  according  to  some,  in  Nr^-rh  America,  or, 
according  to  others,  in  the  world,  was  formed." 


66  YARMOUTH,  MASS. 

There  is  a  little  town  on  I'arnstaljle  Hay,  Mass.,  founded  in  1639, 
called  Yarmouth,  with  the  town  of  Der.nis  as  its  nearest  neighbor.  In 
1675,  they  together  had  a  population  of  yoo  ;  in  1765,  of  1,740;  in 
1790,  of  2,678.  In  i860,  Yarmouth  alone  had  a  p(;pulation  of  2,752, 
which  in  1870  had  fallen  to  2,423;  and  in  1880,  the  year  of  the  last 
census,  Yarmouth  had  only  2,1  73  inhabitants. 

The  historian  of  that  town  has  no  better  suggestion  to  <;ffer  for  the 
adoption  of  the  name,  than  that  it  may  have  been  remembered  that 
some  of  the  "  I'ilgrim  Fathers,"  before  their  adventure  across  the 
Atlantic,  embarked  at  Yarmouth,  Englanrl,  for  Holland.  .\s  an  instance 
of  the  relation  of  money  to  labor  and  building  materials  in  1650,  he 
quotes  a  contract  for  "  a  new  ho^ise  to  be  thatche<l,  studded,  and 
latched,  except  daubing,  for  ^10,  including  29  acres  of  land."  haubing 
was  filling  up  the  crevices  with  clay  and  mortar.  In  the  same  year, 
"  a  Town  meeting  voted  to  pay  the  .Minister  half  in  specie,  and  half  in 
com  at  3/-  per  bushel  and  Rye  the  same."  He  says,  "  Lawyers  were 
not  tolerateil  in  the  colony;"  and  adds,  "The  year  181 7  witnessed 
a  great  temperance  reform  in  the  town.  The  formation  of  the  Boston 
Society  for  the  I'revenlion  of  Intemperance  was  followed  by  the  organi- 
zation of  a  similar  one  here,  said  to  be  the  second  of  the  kind  estajjlished 
in  this  country.  The  first  meeting  was  held  March  6,  181 7,  when  a 
constitution  and  by-laws  were  adopted,  and  at  a  subser|uent  meeting 
an  organization  was  effected.  The  conditions  of  membership  woulfl  not 
be  considered  very  exacting  in  these  days.  *No  member  of  this  Society, 
e.xcept  in  case  of  sickness,  shall  drink  any  distilled  spirits  or  wine,  in  any 
house  in  town  except  his  own,  or  the  one  in  which  he  resides.'  '  No 
man  shall  offer  or  furnish,  except  in  case  of  sickness,  any  inhabitant 
of  the  town  any  distilleri  spirits  or  wine,  whether  they  be  visitors  or 
laborers,  but  shall  use  his  influence  to  discourage  the  ruinous  jiractice.' " 
Economy  seems  to  have  been  the  chief  aim  of  these  reformers. 

I'agf,  150.  —  "The  name  of  Hebron  was  given  to  that  settlement, 
as  before  said,  by  Capt.  Landers,  'riiat  i^<as  his  properly  where  he 
hoped  to  spend  the  remainder  of  his  days  —  the  centre  of  his  ship- 
building operations.  His  house  was  at  first  a[)art  from  all  others  ;  but,  in 
the  course  of  years,  the  junction  of  the  CJhio  roafl  with  the  main  [>ost-road 
became  a  desirable  place  of  business,  and  was  called  Hebron  Corner." 


MORE-RUM  DJiUOK.  67 

As  large  proijerties  nearly  as  his  rnvn,  an.!  occupied  as  farms, 
3  "  .(led  Anthony  Lanrlers's  property  when  he  honght  it,  —  the  Trask 
farm  on  the  south  side,  and  the  olfl  Saunders  property  on  t!  north  side, 
which  John  Mrown  lioiight  in  1819,  and  oi  f  npied  from  1824  to  i8;{6. 

The  property  bought  by  Anthony  Landers  had  Ijeen  occupied  as 
a  farm,  and  harl  a  house  and  orcharrl  iipf)n  it ;  the  house  remain- 
ing just  opposite  Hebron  (Corner  f';r  some  fifty  years  afterwarrl. 
'Ihere  was  no  propriety,  therefore,  in  Mr.  ('ampjjell's  statement  that 
"  iiis  house  was  at  first  apart  from  ail  others  ; "  and  it  may  Ijc  adderl 
tliat  Mr.  Landers  had  nr<  nearer  neighbors  while  he  remained  at 
Hebron  tlian  tliose  he  found  there. 

The  road  from  FIel)ron  Corner  through  Ohio  and  past  liie  eastern 
side  of  Lake  (ieorge  is  laid  down  uj)on  (Joldsbury's  [)laii  of  1787. 

Wv.v.  151.  —  "  They  refuserl  to  go  on  till  the  needful  was  forthcom- 
ing. The  surveyor  in  rharge  of  the  work  told  them  to  drink  from 
the  l>rook  till  they  got  more:    hence  the  name,  '  More-Rum  IJrook.' " 

"  .More- Rum  I'rook  "  is  a  watering-place  for  horses  in  the  woods 
about  a  mile  west  from  Tusket  iiridge.  It  deriveil  its  name  from 
the  f  irrumstan'  e,  that,  while  the  horses  were  drinking,  travellers  usefl 
the  o]Ji.ortunily  offered  l)y  the  excellent  si)ring-vvater  to  take  another 
glass  of  grog.  Hrog  is  rum  and  a  little  water,  the  usual  and  favorite 
tieverage  in  "  ye  cdden  time."  Ihe  rum  rame  rlirect  from  the  West 
Inflies,  and  was  sold  by  the  honest  dealers  of  those  days  pure,  as  it 
came  from  the  shi]).  Travellers  over  the  I  usket  Road  generally  had  a 
bottle  at  hand,  and  the  rum  was  so  strong  as  to  re'juire  the  admixture 
of  a  little  water  to  make   it  palatable. 

Kxhilarating  substances,  which,  indulged  in  to  excess,  would  jiro- 
diice  intoxicating  effects,  have  been  in  use  among  all  peoples,  in  all 
ages  known  to  history.  Their  use,  in  some  form,  satisfies  a  natural 
desire  of  mankind  ;  and,  in  a  well-ordered  state  of  society,  if  "  temper- 
ance reformers  "  would  be  themselves  reasonable  and  moderate  in  their 
exhortations  and  in  the  rules  they  wouUl  prescribe  for  the  use  of 
nature's  bounties,  society  might  at  length  become  united  in  a  rleman»l 
for  the  elimination  of  hurtful  prpjierties  from  all  kinds  of  food  and 
drink,  and  for  regulations  which  would  at  least  tend  to  insure  their 
harmlessness  and  purity. 


68  CANADIAN  CONFEDERATION. 

Page  154.  —  "Reuben  Clements  [in  1836]  represented  the  Town- 
ship of  Yarmouth.  .  .  .  Miner  Huntington  was  a  surveyor  by  profes- 
sion. .  .  .  Herbert  Huntington  was  three  times  elected  county  member, 
viz.,  in  1836,  1840,  and  1844,  having  before  served  for  several  years 
as  member  for  the  old  county  (Shelburne).  .  .  .  He  was  appointed 
in  1^30,  by  the  House  of  Assembly,  one  of  two  delegates  to  lay  before 
the  Home  Government  the  grievances  of  the  Province." 

Reuben  Clements  represented  Yarmouth  Township  from  1835  to 
1847,  when,  declining  re-election,  he  was  succeeded  by  Thomas  Killam. 
Herbert  Huntington,  having  been  one  of  the  representatives  of  Shel- 
burne County  since  1S30,  was  elected  for  Yarmouth  County  five  times, 
viz.,  in  i'^36,  1840,  1843,  1847,  and  1848,  when,  having  accepted  a  seat 
in  the  Executive  Government  with  the  office  of  Financial  Secretary, 
requiring  the  confirmation  of  his  constituents,  he  was  again  returned 
without  opposition.  It  was  in  iSjg  that  Mr.  Huntington,  with  Willin-n 
Young  (afterward  Chief  Justice)  as  co-delegate,  was  sent  by  the  House 
of  Assembly  to  England. 

Miner  Huntington,  and  Herbert  Huntington  after  him,  for  a  long 
series  of  years  held  the  position  of  Surveyor  of  Crown  Lands ;  and  their 
labors  in  that  capacity  were  rewarded  by  the  entire  approbation  of  the 
public.  Often  called  upon  to  settle  disputed  boundaries,  their  decisions 
met  a  ready  acquiescence. 

Page  158.  —  "The  principle  of  confederation,  in  some  form  or 
other,  was  for  years  before  the  union  icith  Canada,  a  favorite  theme 
with  many  politicians,  including  the  late  Herbert  Huntington  and 
'jFoseph  Howe.  The  following  extract  from  a  lettei  of  the  late  H. 
Huntington,  referring  to  the  contemplated  repeal  of  the  union  between 
Nova  Scotia  and  Cape  Breton,  about  the  year  1840,  is  to  the  purpose : 
'  I  am  for  a  general  confederation  of  all  these  colonies.  We  are  quite 
too  weak  to  obtain  justice  as  we  now  are.'  " 

Page  160.  —  "And  when  we  say  this,  we  best  exhibit,  and  that 
without  words,  the  intense  dislike  with  which  the  people  had  been 
brought  to  view  a  measure,  which,  but  for  the  mode  of  proceeding 
adopted  by  the  Government,  as  the  opposing  party  alleged,  might 
possibly  have  been  passed  as   a  popular  measure." 

These  two  paragraphs,  and  others  which  accompany  them,  have  the 


HERBERT  HUNTINGTON.  69 

appearance  of  deliberate  misrepresentation ;  and,  as  Mr.  Campbell 
lived  in  Yarmouth  while  the  controversy  raged,  the}'  are  without 
excuse. 

It  was  in  1844  that  an  extra  session  of  the  Nova  Scotia  Legislature 
was  called,  to  consider  a  proposition  for  the  separation  of  Cape  Breton 
from  Nova  Scotia,  in  opposing  which  Mr.  Huntington  expressed  the 
opinion  quoted.  He  saw  that,  rather  than  a  separation  from  Cape 
Breton,  a  closer  union  of  all  the  British  North-American  colonies  was 
desirable,  in  order  that  they  might  be  the  better  able  to  secure  the  boon 
of  self-government,  for  which  all  the  colonies  were  then  contending. 
But  when,  in  1847,  after  long  and  vigorous  agitation,  the  system  of 
••'Responsible  Government"  had  become  firmly  established  in  the  British 
North-American  colonies,  a  demand  for  the  confederation  of  all  the 
colonies  was  never  entertained  in  Nova  Scotia. 

Nor  was  the  proposal  for  a  union  of  the  maritime  provinces  with 
Canada  ever  seriously  entertained  until  1866,  fifteen  years  after  Mr. 
Huntington's  death,  when,  through  a  series  of  infamous  intrigues,  and 
through  political  treachery  that  has  had  few  parallels  in  history,  Nova 
Scotia  lost  her  independence,  and  was  forced  into  an  unnatural  alliance 
with  Canada. 

It  is  a  base  imputation  upon  the  memory  of  Herbert  Huntington,  to 
insinuate,  that,  if  he  had  lived  until  1866,  he  would  have  been  found 
abetting  the  traitorous  measures  of  Tupper,  Archibald,  McCully,  and  the 
rest.  On  the  contrary,  had  Herbert  Huntington  lived  until  1866,  the 
scheme  for  confederation  would  never  have  been  consummated.  Just 
because  Joseph  Howe,  in  1866  and  1867,  lacked  the  co-operation  of 
such  men  as  Herbert  Huntington,  that  "  brave,  determined  man  of  broad 
chest  and  iron  frame,  who  would  have  died  rather  than  bow  to  Gesler's 
cap,"  did  the  conspirators  succeed  in  their  desperate  and  infamous 
scheme. 

Joseph  Howe  wrote  the  epitaph  upon  the  monument  to  Herbert 
Huntington,  which  stands  in  the  "  Mountain  Cemetery."' 

The  leader  of  the  Government  in  the  Nova  Scotia  House  of  Assembly, 
Mr,  Howe  moved  the  resolution  appropriating  the  money  for  the  monu- 
ment.    In  a  graceful  speech,  the  Hon.  James  W.  Johnson,  the  distin- 

'  Appendix  F. 


^0  JOSEPH  HOWE'S  EULOGY. 

guished  leader  of  the  Opposition,  seconded  the  resolution,  which  passed 
unanimously. 

Mr.  Howe  said,  "  It  is  the  custom  of  civilized  countries  to  perpetuate 
the  memory,  and  to  record  the  virtues,  of  those  who  have  rendered 
eminent  service  to  the  State ;  and  even  among  barbarous  nations,  some 
rude  cairn  marks  the  spot  where  sleeps  the  warrior  whose  voice  was 
respected  in  the  council,  whose  arm  in  battle  was  strong.  To  the 
dead  such  memorials  are  of  little  worth  ;  but  they  are  of  value  to 
the  living.  The  rising  generations  study  the  history  of  their  country 
in  the  monuments  which  grace  its  surface.  They  emulate  the  virtues 
which  their  forefathers  have  regarded  as  a  sacred  obligation  to 
record. 

"  The  gentlemen  who  have  been  recently  returned  to  this  Assembly 
may  not  be  so  familiar  as  the  old  members  of  the  House  are,  with  the 
peculiar  characteristics  and  eminent  qualities  of  the  man  to  whom  this 
resolution  refers.  For  twenty  years  he  served  his  county  and  his  country 
faithfully.  During  the  whole  of  that  time  he  acted  under  our  personal 
observation.  Every  phase  of  his  character  was  familiar  to  us.  We  saw 
him  tried  in  every  conflict,  —  by  every  vicissitude  of  colonial  public  life  : 
and  I  think  that  gentlemen  on  all  sides  will  agree  with  me,  that  for 
varied  information,  unbending  integrity,  and  a  rigid  adherence  to  what 
he  believed  to  be  right,  no  man  ever  was  more  deservedly  distinguished 
than  the  late  Herbert  Huntington.  Self-taught,  his  store?  of  knowledge 
were  yet  various  and  ample ;  trained  in  the  Legislature,  and  in  a  com- 
munity where  agricultural  and  commercial  pursuits  blend,  his  mind  was 
practical,  his  knowledge  suited  to  circumstances  as  they  arose.  To 
permit  a  man  like  this  to  slip  out  of  our  ranks  without  a  recognition  of 
his  services,  or  a  word  to  his  memory,  would  not  be  creditable  to  this 
House,  nor  would  such  neglect  be  very  encouraging  to  the  rising  intel- 
lect of  our  country.  Let  us  place  over  Huntington's  remains,  then, 
some  tribute  to  his  worth.  Let  the  country  he  served  stamp  her  appro- 
bation on  the  spot  where  his  body  moulders.  There  may  be  novelty  in 
the  proposition  ;  but  if  this  is  the  first  monument  erected  by  Nova  Scotia, 
let  us  hope  it  may  not  be  the  last.  Any  elaborate  or  e\pensive  work  of 
art  I  do  not  contemplate  nor  propose.  It  would  be  in  bad  taste.  A 
simple  shaft  of  Siielburne  granite,  with  his  name  upon  it,  would  be  an 


CHEBOGi'E   RIIER.  /I 

ornament  to  his  native  town,  and  an  appropriate  memorial  of  plain 
manners,  enduring  virtues,  and  unbending  integrity." 

A  simple  shaft  of  Shelburne  granite,  therefore,  marks  the  spot  where 
Herbert  Huntington  was  buried.  He  was  first  called  to  public  life  as 
representative  for  Shelburne  while  Yarmouth  was  united  to  that  county, 
and  Yarmouth  chose  him  as  her  first  representative  after  the  division. 
A  steadfast  Liberal  in  politics  and  religion,  the  mutual  confidence  which 
at  first  subsisted  between  him  and  his  constituents,  remained  unimpaired 
until  his  death. 

Pages  184  and  185.  —  "The  three  principal  are  Water  Street,  Main 
Street,  and  William  Street.  .  .  .  Main  Street  is,  in  some  sense,  as  the 
name  suggests,  the  leading  thoroughfare.  This  street  is  nearly  fn'o  miles 
long.  William  Street,  the  most  easterly  principal  thoroughfare,  is  a  fine 
straight  street,  and  promises  to  be  the  most  desirable  part  of  the  town  for 
private  residences." 

It  seems  a  strange  classification  which  gives  William  Street  pre- 
cedence over  Argyle,  Forest,  Parade,  Vancouver,  Chestnut,  Elm,  or 
some  other  streets  that  might  be  named.  Nor  is  it  true  that  William 
Street  is  the  most  desirable  for  private  residences.  For  many  reasons  it 
is  less  desirable  than  either  of  the  other  streets  named.  The  three 
churches  there  may,  in  Mr.  Campbell's  view,  have  overbalanced  its 
defects  as  a  residential  quarter. 

Main  Street  is,  /;/  every  sense,  what  its  name  implies.  The  town  of 
Yarmouth  extends  from  "  Bain's  Corner  "  to  "  Amasa  Durkee's  north 
line,"  a  distance  of  three  miles  nearly.  That,  then,  is  the  length  of 
Main  Street.  I'he  width  of  the  town  east  and  west  is  about  one  and  a 
half  mile. 

Page  185.  —  "Nothing  at  first,  or  for  thirty  years,  gave  any  distinct 
intimation  of  the  future  importance  of  the  town,  where  it  now  stands. 
The  "Town  Point"  at  Chebogue  is  one,  among  other  proofs,  of  man's 
intention  that  the  present  town  should  be  a  subordinate  settlement. 
And  so  it  long  continued." 

Various  considerations  favored  the  earlier  settlement  of  the  shores  of 
Chebogue  River.  There  was  the  first  landing-place  in  1761.  Navigable 
from  Chebogue  Point  to  Arcadia  Bridge,  a  distance  of  six  miles,  it  was 
everywhere   sheltered   from   devastating  gales.     Exposed  to  the  direct 


72  MILTOX  BRIDGE. 

rays  of  the  morning  sun,  and  protected  from  the  blighting  influence  of 
the  west  and  south-west  summer-winds,  the  lands  on  the  western  side 
of  Chebogue  River  were,  for  these  and  other  reasons,  better  suited  for 
cultivation  than  those  upon  either  side  of  Yarmouth  Harbor. 

The  salt  marshes  of  the  Chebogue  River  supplied  immediate  subsist- 
ence for  their  cattle  ;  and  the  soil  of  the  uplands  was  free  from  stone, 
and  easily  drained  as  compared  with  Yarmouth  lands.  Still,  a  refer- 
ence to  the  location  of  the  early  setders,  given  upon  pp.  111-115  of 
Campbell's  History,  shows  that,  in  1787,  the  families  at  Yarmouth  were 
forty-four  in  number,  just  equal  to  those  at  Chebogue. 

Later,  the  superior  advantages  of  Yarmouth  Harbor  for  prosecuting 
a  foreign  trade,  established  the  pre-eminence ;  for  here  was  the  natural 
outlet  for  the  products  of  the  saw-mills  from  Milton  to  Lake  George, 
which  supplied  the  material  for  a  profitable  intercourse  with  the  West 
Indies,  and  other  markets  nearer  home. 

Page  187.  —  "This  building  [the  new  Presbyterian  Church],  which 
is  in  the  Romanesque  style,  and  which  will  be  capable  of  meeting  all 
the  wants  of  the  congregation,  takes  the  place  of  that  which  was  erected 
in  1841." 

Mr.  Campbell  here  seems  to  gently  intimate  that  the  new  St.  John's 
Church  is  too  large  for  the  congregation. 

Page  190,  Note.  —  "In  1798  the  Milton  district  could  not  repair 
its  OiOii  Utile  bridge,  and  the  surveyors  of  other  districts  were  directed  by 
the  Sess'  ns  to  help  them." 

The.  are  to-day  few  bridges,  exclusively  in  the  Township  of  Yar- 
mouth, larger  or  more  important  than  the  Milton  bridge  was  in  1 798  ; 
and  to  build  a  new  bridge  there,  or  make  extensive  repairs  upon  an  old 
one,  would  have  been  a  serious  burden  to  the  few  men  then  living  within 
two  miles  of  it.  Moreover,  Sealed  Landers's  grist-mill  stood  upon  the 
western  side  of  the  river,  while  four-fifths  of  the  population  of  the  town- 
ship lived  on  the  eastern  side.  It  was,  therefore,  important  to  the  "  other 
districts  "  that  the  Milton  bridge,  a  part  of  their  "  principal  thorough- 
fare," should  be  kept  in  passable  repair,  or  a  new  bridge  built  if  a  spring 
freshet  had  carried  the  old  one  to  sea. 

It  may  also  be  borne  in  mind  that  over  three-fourths  of  the  original 
river-bed  has  been  occupied  by  stone  abutments  filled  in  with  gravel, 


TRADE    OF   YARMOUTH.  73 

antl  that  the  Milton  bridge  in  1S76,  which  Mr.  Campbell  might  then 
well  call  a  "little  bridge,"  was  a  far  different  structure  in  1798. 

Again,  even  to  this  day,  bridges  in  Yarmouth  County,  or  elsewhere 
in  Nova  Scotia,  are  neither  built  nor  wholly  maintained  by  the  road 
districts  in  which  they  may  happen  to  be  situated.  The  principal  ones 
are  subjects  for  special  appropriations  of  county  or  provincial  moneys. 

Page  197.  —  "In  1873  the  value  of  all  the  fish,  fresh  water  and 
salt,  caught  in  the  county  in  that  year,  was  about  $450,000." 

These  figures  may  be  supposed  to  indicate  the  value  of  the  fish 
caught  in  1873  by  the  crews  of  vessels  and  boats  belonging  to  the 
county,  in  addition  to  the  value  of  the  products  of  the  river  fisheries. 

In  1880,  Yarmouth  had  engaged  in  the  fisheries  105  vessels  and 
543  boats,  employing  5,691  men,  the  craft  being  valued  at  $260,000. 
The  value  of  the  fishery  products  of  that  year  is  stated  in  the  returns  at 
$669,572. 

Page  198.  —  "The  gross  imports  amount  to  about  $700,000,  the 
jtrincipal  and  most  valuable  part  of  which  consists  of  materials  for 
fitting  and  furnishing  ships.  The  gross  annual  exports,  which  consist 
chiefly  of  lumber  and  fish,  amount  to  about  $300,000.  Looked  at 
in  this  way,  ...  we  seem  to  consume  more  than  we  produce.  But  if, 
as  is  at  once  fair,  and  necessary  for  getting  at  the  truth,  the  annual 
production  of  vessel  property  be  brought  into  the  account,  as  a  kind 
of  export,  allowance  being  made  for  the  value  of  the  imported  material, 
such  as  rigging  and  the  like,  the  amount  of  property  annually  sent  out 
of  the  port,  amounts  to  about  $1,500,000." 

The  above  figures  are  misleading.  In  recent  years,  there  has  been 
no  such  disparity  in  the  exports  and  imports  of  the  county  as  they 
imply ;  nor  do  the  Custom- House  books  ever  give  the  full  value  of  the 
exports  of  a  district. 

The  latest  government  reports  thus  state  the  exports  and  imports 
of  the  port  of  Yarmouth  for  the  financial  year  ending  June  30  :  — 

1884.  Exports     .     $708,597     Imports   ....     $681,452 

1885.  "  .       627,779  "         ....       515,162 

These  figures  may  perhaps  include  the  value  of  the  exports  and 
imports  of  Maitland,  Tusket  Wedge,  Tusket,  and  Pubnico,  which  have 
some  direct  foreign  trade. 


74  TRADE   OF   YARMOUTH. 

Nor  is  it  correct  to  say  tliat  materials  for  building  and  equipping 
ships  have  been  the  "  principal  and  most  valuable  part  "  of  the  imports 
of  the  county  ;  for,  large  as  has  been  the  item  they  furnished,  it  has 
always  been  exceeded  by  the  value  of  imported  breadstuffs  and  other 
provisions. 

Custom-House  returns  never  fairly  show  the  '•  balance  of  trade," 
so-called,  of  a  jjort  or  of  a  country.  A  cargo  of  fish,  invoiced  at 
Yarmouth  at  S6,ooo,  may  bring  in  the  West  Indies  $S,ooo  net.  The 
return  cargo  of  salt  from  Turk's  Island  may  cost  $300 ;  the  exports 
and  imports  will  appear  in  the  Custom-House  books  at  S6,ooo  and 
$300  respectively. 

A  cargo  of  lumber,  invoiced  at  Yarmouth  at  $1,500,  may  yield  in  the 
West  Indies  $2,500;  the  return  cargo  maybe  sugar,  costing  Sio,ooo. 
The  gold,  represented  by  the  bill  of  exchange  which  balances  these 
transactions,  does  not  appear  in  the  Custom-House  books. 

Or,  a  cargo  of  fish,  costing  at  Yarmouth  $5,000,  may  yield  at  Porto 
Rico  $8,000  net,  which  may  be  invested  in  sugar,  and  entered  for  duty 
at  the  Yarmouth  Custom  House,  the  profit  on  the  return  cargo  paying 
the  expense  of  the  voyage.  Here  the  Custom-House  books  would 
show  exports,  $5,000;  imports,  SS,ooo ;  balance  of  trade  against  Yar- 
mouth, $3,000 ;  and  so  illustrate  our  extravagance.  But  if  the  return 
cargo  of  sugar  be  carried  direct  to  St.  John,  or  be  lost  at  sea,  the 
Custom-House  books  would  show  exports,  $5,000;  imports,  ;/;/,•  the 
transaction,  in  either  event,  contributing  to  the  favorable  "balance  of 
trade  "  at  the  end  of  the  financial  year,  upon  which  a  class  of  news- 
papers and  members  of  Parliament  supporting  the  government  would 
expatiate. 

Mr.  Campbell's  figures  show  $1,200,000  as  the  value  of  new  ship- 
ping produced,  and  annually  "sent  out"  from  Yarmouth.  Now,  for 
the  ten  years  ending  Jan.  i,  1876,  the  shipping  added  to  the  port 
averaged  14,750  tons  per  annum,  which,  at  $50  per  ton,  would  be 
$737,500.  But  this  included  ships  purchased  abroad,  and  those  built 
in  Digby  and  Shelburne  Counties  for  Yarmouth  owners,  which  exceeded 
one-half  the  annual  total.  Not  one  of  these  ships  was  built  for  sale 
abroad  ;  and  their  value,  while  on  the  books  of  registry  at  Yarmouth, 
would   contribute   to   the    "  aggregate  value  of  the  property,  real  and 


TRADE   OF   YARMOUTH.  75 

personal,  of  Yarmouth  Township,"  estimated  by  Mr.  Campbell,  on  p.  199, 
at  "  well-nigh  ten  millions  of  dollars."  And  so  Mr.  Campbell  demands 
of  the  newly  acquired  ships  the  double  duty  of  swelling  the  sum  of 
annual  exports  while  still  figuring  in  the  aggregate  value  of  the  real 
and  personal  property  of  the  county. 

Again,  the  ships  newly  built  or  acquired  by  purchase  have  to  supply 
the  place  of  those  lost,  or  of  the  old  ships  sold  abroad ;  so  that  while 
the  tonnage  added  to  the  port  for  the  10  years  endmg  1876,  amounted 
to  147,472  tons,  the  net  increase  was  only  54,730  tons,  or  5,472  tons 
per  annum ;  and  although  the  tonnage  built  or  ac(iuired  in  1872  was 
29  vessels,  16,284  tons,  the  net  increase  in  that  year  was  only  750 
tons.     The  figures  for  1869  show  a  parallel  condition." 

Page  199,  Note.  —  "But  nothing  is  plainer  than  that  tl.e  township 
is  more  than  fivf  hundred  per  cent  richer  than  it  was  a  hundred  years 
ago." 

To  have  written  twenty-five  hundred  per  cent  (if  either  phrase 
were  a  proper  one )  would  have  been  nearly  as  easy,  and  still  less  than 
the  actual  proportions  existing  between  the  valuations  of  1776  and 
1876  would  warrant. 

There  are  many  other  statements  in  the  pages  here  reviewed,  alike 
open  to  correction,  which  have  been,  doubtless,  often  discussed  at 
family  gatherings  in  Yarmouth  County.  Some  of  these  have  been  now 
passed  over  because  to  treat  the  subjects  fairly  would  require  more 
space  than  can  be  spared ;  others,  because,  being  of  minor  importance, 
they  have  been  readily  set  aside  by  most  readers  of  the  book. 

But  Campbell's  History,  the  second  printed  book  of  any  note 
hailing  from  Yarmouth,  has  other  defects  which  detract  from  its  merits 
as  a  model  for  the  youthful  aspirants  for  literary  fame  the  Yarmouth 
common  schools  are  now  sending  out.  Some  of  these  will  form  the 
subjects  for  the  next  chapter,  partly  with  a  view  of  inciting  the  aspirants 
aforesaid  to  a  free  criticism  of  home  productions  whenever  they  may 
appear,  or  from  whomsoever  they  may  proceed. 

'   Appendix  CJ. 


CHAPTER    VI. 

A  Literary  Curiosity.  —  Critics  open  to  Criticism.  —  Isagogin  and  Ingo^en.  —  Miliceles 
and  Micmacs.  —  Obsolete  Adjectives.  —  Printers'  Pi. —  Rules  of  Construction.  —  Una- 
vailing .Sympathy.  —  ''For  the  More  Part."  —  H.  G.  Parish. —  Rev.  Harris  Harding. — 
Adventure  with  the  Pleasure-carriage.  —  Early  Settlers  Descendants  of  Puritans.  — 
Their  Churches  at  Chebogue  and  Yarmouth.  —  The  Tabernacle.  —  Influences  leading 
to  its  Construction.  —  Mrs.  Ruth  Ellis  lays  the  Corner-stone. 

IN  opening  chapter  19  of  his  History,  Mr.  Campbell  intimates  that 
the  early  settlers  were  not  distinguished  for  literary  proficiency ; 
that  their  spelling  and  handwriting,  even  for  the  age  in  which  they 
lived,  were  indifferent.  In  another  place  he  says  that  the  orthography 
of  their  early  records  "  acknowledged  no  laws  known  to  Johnson  or 
Worcester ; "  and,  to  illustrate  the  correctness  of  this  opinion,  he 
prints  examples  upon  pp.  41,  94,  98,  168,  etc.  Indeed,  upon  p. 
41  he  says  that  he  inserts  the  oldest  public  record  "as  a  kind  of 
literary  curiosity;"  and  upon  p.  80,  to  show  the  illiteracy  of  the 
times,  he  even  quotes  from  a  document  issued  from  the  Provincial 
Court  of  Vice-Admiralty  at  Halifax,  and  says  of  it,  "  The  construction 
of  the  sentences  composing  this  declaration  is  somewhat  difficult  to 
analyze ;  but  the  thing  intended  to  be  set  forth  is  plain  enough.''' 

His  "  History  of  Yarmouth  "  might,  therefore,  be  expected  to  be 
free  from  the  defects  the  author  laments  in  others  :  the  more  especially 
as  it  is  heralded  as  "  the  result  of  an  invitation  issued  by  the  governors 
of  King's  College,  Windsor,  for  Essays  on  County  Histories,  under 
the  thoughtful  and  liberal  intelligence  of  the  Akins  foundation." 

Mr.  Campbell  should  have  added  a  note  explaining  the  meaning  he 
intended  to  convey  by  the  words,  "  thoughtful  and  liberal  intelligence." 
The  "  thing  intended  to  be  set  forth  "  is  hardly  "  plain  enough,"  though 
it  may  be  guessed.  A  gentleman  prominent  in  Campbell's  History,  the 
late  Dr.  H.  G.  Parish,  when  once  presiding  over  the  Court  of  Sessions, 


LITERARY  CRITICISM.  77 

was  appealed  to  for  an  interpretation  of  a  statute  somewhat  obscurely 
expressed.  He  found  himself  in  a  difficulty,  and  remarked  that  he 
"wished  the  people  who  made  the  laws  would  write  the  meaning 
underneath." 

A  book,  written  by  an  Episcopal  clergyman,  sent  all  the  way  from 
England,  and  bearing  the  ivipriinattir  of  the  governors  of  King's 
College,  might  certainly  be  expected  to  be  free  from  errors  in  grammar 
and  etymology  a  Varniouth  school-boy  could  correct,  and  to  be  written 
in  a  style  intelligible  to  the  people  whom  it  chiefly  concerned,  but  whose 
general  qualifications  the  author  seems  to  have  rated  not  far  above  those 
he  ascribes  to  the  early  settlers. 

On  a  few  pages  following,  reproduced  in  the  order  of  their  occur- 
rence, are  some  of  the  passages  in  Campbell's  History  which  the 
ordinary  reader  stumbles  over. 

Page  vn,  Introductory  Chapter.  —  "  Although  not  as  deeply  inter- 
ested or  as  directly  concerned  in  all  the  details  of  the  County  of 
Yarmouth  as  if  he  had  been  born  in  this  county,  and  had  listened  from 
childhood  to  the  story  of  its  settlement  and  subsequent  progress,  the 
author  has  always  considered  it  a  duty  as  well  as  a  pleasure  to  gather 
up  particulars  illustrative  of  the  character  and  institutions  of  the 
people,"  etc. 

It  may  be  remembered  that  the  first  sentence  of  chapter  i  of 
Campbell's  History  required  correction.  So  here,  in  illustrating  another 
peculiarity  of  that  author's  work,  it  may  be  noted  that  the  first  line  of 
the  introductory  chapter  contains  a  grammatical  error. 

Page  ix,  Same  Chaffer. —  "Throughout  the  three  volumes  of  Mr. 
Murdoch's  valuable  repository  of  facts  for  some  future  historian  of 
Nova  Scotia,  lie  scattered  references  to  this  county." 

Mark  the  modesty  of  the  author  who  places  at  the  head  of  his  own 
pages  "  History  of  Yarmouth,"  and  who  styles  Murdoch's  History  of 
Nova  Scotia  "a  valuable  repository  of  facts  for  some  future  historian .'' 

Page  5.  —  "  The  river,  being  thus  shut  up,  forced  a  new  opening  for 
itself;  and,  in  1810,  it  was  again  closed  by  a  good  dike,  with  substan- 
tial sluices ;  and  the  abatteau  was  protected  by  a  long  pier  running  out 
seaward." 

Here  we  have  the  terms  "dike,"  "abatteau,"  and  "long  pier,"  to 


7'i  M/UCETES  AND  MIC  MACS. 

denote  one  structure.  The  description  was  complete  with  the  words 
"  good  dike."  Vet  some  emergency  may  have  called  for  the  "  pad- 
ding," as  printers  sometimes  style  similar  superfluities. 

Page  9.  —  "  In  1621  Acadia  (or  'Cadia,'  or  .Vcadie  as  with  varying 
//w//(?/'/('//j  that  term  was  appliedby  the  French)   .  .  .  was  granted,"  etc. 

Here  is  one  of  the  conundrums  Mr.  Campbell  has  set  Ijefore  the 
reader,  to  guess  in  what  sense  he  has  used  the  word  "  limitations." 

Page  i  i  ,  Note.  —  "  Excepting  such  places  where  the  pure  French 
form,  or  where  cornipt  anglicized  forms  ciuoted  in  documents  are  used, 
the  form  adhered  to  throughout  this  work  is  Cape  Fonhtie." 

Cap  is  a  noun  masculine,  and  the  terminal  e  to  the  adjective  is  bad 
French.  The  "  pure  French  form,"  Cap  Fourchu,  anglicized,  should  be 
simply  Cape  Fourchu,  as,  indeed,  it  is  spelled  by  those  who  have  regard 
to  philological  propriety. 

Page  16.  —  "It  is  impossible  to  say  when  this  county  was  first 
visited,  or /^t?//!?//,  if  we  may  u-jc  that  expression,  by  Indians.  As  far 
back  as  any  facts  are  recorded  (witness  the  corruption  of  the  Indian 
'  Isagogin'  into  '  Ingogen'),  their  presence  is  traceable.  Ikit  whether 
there  were  any  considerable  numbers  of  them,  is  equally  indeterminate. 
Nor  can  we  tell  7i>het}ier  of  the  two  tribes  by  whom  the  Province  gen- 
erally was  inhabited,  viz.,  the  Milicetes  and  the  Micmacs,  was  the  one 
that  penetrated  west ;  or,  if  there  were  members  of  both  tribes." 

Ethnologists  class  the  North-American  Indians  among  the  nations 
of  the  earth,  and  Mr.  Campbell  does  not  tell  us  why  he  questions  their 
claim  to  that  distinction.  Whether  Yarmouth  County  was  inhabited  by 
human  beings  a  thousand  or  a  hundred  thousand  years  ago,  it  may  be 
well  left  for  science  later  to  determine. 

What  bearing  have  the  words  in  parenthesis  on  the  rest  of  the 
sentence,  and  what  has  the  change  from  Isagogin  to  Ingogen  to  do  with 
the  question  when  the  county  was  first  peopled  by  Indians  ? 

Undetermined,  or  unsettled,  might  be  substituted  for  "  indeterminate  ; " 
and  any  other  modern  writer  would,  in  the  next  sentence,  prefer  tvhich 
to  "  whether."  If  "  whether  "  must  be  dragged  in,  it  should  follow  the 
colon.  Still,  Mr.  Campbell  has  some  authority  for  its  use  in  Matthew 
xxiii.  1 7. 

Spenser  wrote,  "  Whether  of  them  should  be  the  lord  of  lords  ; "  and 


INDIAN  EXCURSIONS.  79 

Dryden,  born  in   1631,  says  of  Spenser,  who  died  in   1599,  "  Notwith- 
standing his  obsolete  language,  he  is  still  intelligible." 

"  Tribes  by  lohom  "  is  ungranimatical.  "  Milicetes  "  and  "  Micmacs  " 
should  be  "  Milicete  "  and  "  Micmac  ;  "  that  is,  if  the  "  Milicetes  "  were 
ever  in  Nova  Scotia.  Hut  who  were  the  Milicetes,  and  whence  came 
they?  Perhaps  Mr.  Campbell  has  discovered  one  of  the  "ten  lost 
tribes  of  the  house  of  Israel."  Or,  perhaps  Mr.  Campbell  has  some- 
where seen  a  reference  to  a  small  community  of  Micmacs  who  dwelt 
near  the  Bay  Chaleur,  and  from  some  peculiarity  were  called  Malachites. 

Page  19.  —  "But  with  the  exception  of  the  before  mentioned  act 
of  violence,  the  worst  effects  of  their  excursions  [the  Indians]  appear 
to  have  been  mothers  frightened  for  their  frightened  children,  and  their 
scanty  meal  bags  levied  upon  by  self-invited  guests.  But  on  the  otiier 
hand  if  they  difl  black  mail  the  settlers'  pantries,  they  supplied  the'T 
larders  .  .  .   (with)  game  of  all  kinds  as  well  as  fresh  fish." 

"Excursions"  should  be  incursions.  "Before-mentioned"  and 
"  black-mail  "  are  compound  words,  a  little  matter  Mr.  Campbell  or 
the  compositor  overlooked ;  and  "  black-mail,"  as  a  verb,  is  as  yet  a 
novelty. 

Page  21.  —  "  There  is  but  little  known  of  the  Chegoggin  settlement. 
The  fact,  however,  is  well  authenticated,  and  may  even  yet  be  attested 
by  the  still  visible  cellars  of  the  old  French  houses." 

Fewer  words  would  express  this  better ;  e.g.,  "  Little  is  known  of 
the  Chegoggin  settlement,  but  the  old  French  cellars  are  still  visible." 
On  p.  108,  Mr.  Campbell  says  he  inserts  the  inscription  upon  the 
monument  to  the  Rev.  Harris  Harding,  '^  alt/iom^h  of  a  somewhat  wordy 
nature." 

The  jumble  of  words  in  the  preceding  sentence  of  p.  21,  beginning, 
'■  But  objections  having  been  made,"  etc.,  resembles  what  printers  call 
"  pi."  ■ 

Page  23.  —  "  When  sufficiently  near,  so  complete  was  the  attack, 
their  assailants,  by  the  first  volley,  killed  or  wounded  the  whole  party." 

Assailants  are  the  attacking  or  invading  party.     .As  this  story  goes, 

'  "  But  objections  having  been  made  to  Landre  and  his  company  settling  at  Chebogue  in  1739, 
shows  that  already  a  well-understood  ownership  of  the  land  there  situate  existed,  apart  from  the 
implied  existence  of  diked  marsh-lands  in  that  locality." 


So  ACAD/A.y  FRENCH. 

the  assailants  were  the  boat's  crew  sent  to  assault  the  Acadians  in  their 
quiet  retreat. 

"  The  stei-n  and  sanguinary  facts  around  which  there  is  a  romantic 
interest,"  a  few  lines  farther  on  are  reduced  to  a  "  tradition,"  related, 
as  has  been  already  shown,  with  Variations. 

Pagp:  25.  —  "One  inference  which  has  been  made  from  the  fact  of 
the  sufferings  endured  by  the  new-comers  during  the  first  season  arose 
out  of  their  ignorance  of  the  requirements  of  the  county  during  the 
winter  season,  as  much  as  from  their  scanty  supplies." 

In  this  sentence  the  construction  is  faulty  and  the  sense  obscure. 
Eac.  leader  may  interpret  it  at  will.  Perhaps  Mr.  Campbell  meant  to 
say  that  they  suffered  during  the  first  season  because  they  had  not  made 
sufficient  provision  for  the  long  and  severe  winter. 

Yet  it  should  be  remembered  that  they  came  from  a  district  where 
the  winters  are  longer  and  mere  severe  tlian  at  Chebogue,  and  with 
fewer  natural  resources  for  supplying  food. 

Page  26.  —  "After  the  French  Acadians  had  been  deported,  many 
of  them  into  New  England,  the  fact  that  there  was  a  vacant  Province, 
abounding  with  valuable  lands,  wild  and  cultivated,  well  supplied  with 
water-power,  and  whose  rivers,  harbors,  bays,  and  shores  abounded  with 
all  kinds  of  fish,  where  nothing  was  wanted  but  inhabitants  to  take 
possession,  could  not  have  been  long  unknown,  or  undesired  when 
known." 

In  this  sentence,  "  fact  "  is  the  long-forgotten  antecedent  of  "  unde- 
sired." Mr.  Campbell  tried  to  say,  that,  as  soon  as  it  became  known 
to  the  English  colonies  that  there  were  valuable  lands,  wild  and  culti- 
vated, lying  vacant,  and  where  the  waters  abounded  in  fish,  people  were 
found  ready  to  con.e  to  the  Province  and  take  possession.  Mr.  Camp- 
bell probably  used  the  word  "  shores  "  to  cover  the  clams. 

Page  35.  —  "The  truth  is,  there  is  ground  for  fearing  that  some  of 
those  who  suffered  most,  were  also  those  who  had  done  least  for  them- 
selves. But,  even  if  it  were  the  operation  of  an  inexorable  law  of 
nature  that  effect  follows  cause,  we  feel  a  deep  sense  of  sympathy  with 
those  who  suffered  so  much  then,  but  who  can  suffer  no  more  in  this 
world." 

Or,  in  plain  English,  "  If  the  poor  people  did  suffer  for  the  want 


M  IS /'LACED  SYMPATHY.  8 1 

of  provisions  during  tlie  first  winter,  some  dying  from  starvation,  tiie 
truth  is,  they  brought  their  misfortune  upon  themselves,  because  they 
did  not  remember  that  food  is  essential  to  human  life.  We  deeply 
lament  their  sufferings  at  that  time,  but  they  are  now  where  they  no 
longer  suffer  from  the  same  cause." 

Mr.  Campbell  must  himself  explain  how  he  sympathizes  "  with  " 
people  who  died  more  than  a  hundred  years  ago. 

But  is  not  this  whole  story  of  starvation,  and  eating  hides,  and  of 
"  one  or  two  dying  of  want,"  entirely  apocryphal  ?  History  records  that 
the  thirteen  families  brought  with  them  six  oxen,  fifty  cows  and  calves, 
and  forty  hogs.  They  would  seem  a  sufficient  security  against  starva- 
tion for  a  single  winter ;  and  the  "  four  feet  of  snow  remaining  on  the 
ground  for  months "  would  have  insured  a  constant  su[)p]y  of  fresh 
meat,  to  say  nothing  of  tlie  game  and  fish  with  which  the  woods  and 
waters  abounded.  It  may  be  safely  said,  that,  since  that  winter,  snow 
covering  the  ground  four  feet  deep,  and  remaining  for  mor^hs,  except 
in  drifts,  has  not  been  seen  at  Chebogue.' 

Page  4-  — "Nothing  is  plainer  than  that /t^r  the  more  />art,\.\\Qy 
were  poor    nen." 

This  phrase,  "  for  the  more  part,"  occurs  not  less  than  thirteen  times 
in  Campbell's  History;  the  modern  phrase,/^/-  the  wo^t part,  not  once. 
'•  The  more  part  "  was  in  vogue  in  the  time  of  King  James,  as  see  Acts 
xxvii.  12.  Has  Mr.  Campbell  any  other  authority  for  its  use?  It 
reijuires  an  acquaintance  with  Luke's  original  manuscript  to  determine 
whether  Mr.  Campbell  can  hold  him  responsible  for  the  phrase. 

"  In  words,  as  fashions,  the  same  rule  will  hold, 
Alike  fantastic  if  too  new  or  old : 
He  not  the  first  by  whom  the  new  are  tried, 
Xor  yet  the  last  to  lay  the  old  aside.'' 

P.AGE  48.  —  The  style  of  the  paragraph  beginning  on  this  page  with 
"The  scenery  in  this  locality  is  marked  l)y  uncommon  and  varied 
beauty,"  so  closely  resembles  that  of  the  late  Dr.  H.  G.  Parish,  that  the 
whole  paragraph  might  be  mistaken  for  a  literal  quotation  from  his 
manuscript,  were    it    not    for  tlie    following   passage  which    Dr.   Parish 

■  Appendix    H. 


82  REV.  HARRIS  HARDIAG. 

could  not  have  written  :  "  In  the  foreground  are  the  bridge  over  the 
quietly  flowing  and  winding  river,  with  one  or  two  cottages  half  hidden 
by  the  foliage." 

Page  77.  —  "We  cannot  expect  that  after  the  division  of  the  town- 
ship, the  influx  of  new  settlers  would  continue  to  ^o\\  so  very  markedly.' 

It  is  a  pleonasm  to  write  "  the  influx  would  continue  to  flow ; " 
"new"  and  "to  flow"  may  both  be  spared;  and  "markedly"  is  a 
novel,  but  harsh  and  awkward,  word,  rarely  used,  and  never  likely  to 
meet  general  acceptance.  It  seems  to  be  a  word  which  neither  Johnson 
nor  Walker,  nor  Webster  nor  Worcester,  would  recognize,  although  it 
may  have  been  seen  in  their  day.  And  the  phrase  "  so  very  markedly  " 
is  not  the  least  remarkable  feature  in  this  remarkable  sentence  of 
Mr.  Campbell. 

Page  86.  —  "  The  mention  of  Shelburne  reminds  us  that  in  the  year 
1784,  the  former  County  of  Queens  was  circumscribed,  by  having  the 
Townships  of  Shelburne,  Barrington,  Argyle,  and  Yarmouth  set  off  as 
a  separate  county." 

The  word  circumscribed  here  is  an  impropriety.  The  limits  of 
Queens  County  were  already  defined.  Mr.  Campbell  tried  to  say  that 
in  1784  the  County  of  Queens  was  divided  and  a  new  county  established 
called  Shelburne. 

Page  106.  —  "His  parents  were  Episcopalians-  but  in  early  life, 
when  thinking  about  religion,  he  [Rev.  Harris  Harding]  vibrated,  for 
some  time,  between  the  Methodists  and  the  New  Lights ;  and  finally  he 
connected  himself  with  the  latter." 

A  man  of  hberal  and  independent  mind,  and  not  approving  the 
restraints  and  formalities  of  the  Episcopal  Church,  Mr.  Harding  tried 
a  middle  path  with  the  followers  of  John  Wesley  without  finding  the 
rest  he  sought ;  and  gradually  loosing  himself  from  his  early  attach- 
ments, he  at  length  became  confirmed  in  an  alliance  with  the  Baptists, 
which  he  ever  afterward  maintained. 

Page  124.  —  "In  the  year  1799,  Col.  J.  N.  Bond  brought  into 
Yarmouth  the  first  pleasure-carriage  —  a  chaise  —  which  was  ever  seen 
in  the  county ;  but  its  melanclioly  end  was  somewhat  discouraging  to 
intending  importers.  It  lay  unused  till  1804,  when  Mr.  Bell,  Col.  Bond's 
father-in-law,  tackled  it  up,  and,  having  got  in,  was  immediately  thrcvn 


THE  PLEASURE-CARRIAGE.  83 

out.  It  remained  undisturbed  till  the  next  year,  when  Col.  Bond  once 
more  put  in  the  horse,  intending  to  take  some  of  his  family  for  a  drive. 
He  first  got  in,  in  order  to  try  it;  but  it  tried  him  and  the  cliaisc  both. 
The  horse  ran  off,  and  turning  into  tlie  open  graveyard  in  front  of  the 
Cape  Forchue  meeting-house,  the  chaise  struck  a  tree,  which  threw  him 
out,  and  broke  the  carriage  into  pieces." 

The  first  pleasure-carriage,  imported  in  1799,  lay  idle  till  1804,  when 
Mr.  Bell  "tackled  it  up."  (Mr.  Campbell  should  tackle  his  dictionary.) 
Mr.  Bell  "got  in,"  and  was  at  once  "thrown  out."  It  was  a  lively 
pleasure-carriage.  The  playful  horse  was  brought  out  in  1805,  and  then 
Col.  Bond  "got  in,  in  order  to  try  it."  Try  what,  —  the  horse,  or  the 
carriage?  It  seemed  all  along  that  the  pleasure-carriage  was  on  trial, 
and  that  the  repeated  "  it "  referred  to  the  carriage  alone.  But  when 
we  had  read  "  it  tried  ///;//  and  the  chaise  both,"  it  seemed  that  the 
pleasure-carriage  was  in  tow  of,  and  had  telescoped,  the  chaise.  Finally, 
the  runaway  horse  plunged  in  among  the  tombstones  of  a  graveyard, 
when  the  chaise  struck  a  tree,  threw  out  the  colonel,  and  broke  the 
carriage  into  pieces.     Here  the  chaise  seemed  to  be  the  champion. 

Looking  back  over  the  lines  to  re-assure  ourselves,  we  find  the  horse 
assuming  a  new  importance,  and  that  we  had  been  reading  of  the  difficul- 
ties attending  "breaking  "  colts  in  Yarmouth  Town  in  1805,  when  "the 
road  itself  was  a  series  of  lines  after  Hogarth's  own  heart,  round 
the  undrawn  stumps  of  forest  giants."     (See  p.  116.) 

The  colonel's  skill  enabled  him  to  avoid  the  stumps  with  which  the 
crooked  path  was  studded  ;  perceiving  which,  the  horse,  after  a  lively  run 
of  nearly  half  a  mile,  made  a  sudden  bolt  into  the  old  graveyard  with 
the  evident  intention  of  landing  pleasure-carriage  and  its  occupant  in  a 
common  grave.  The  tombstones  standing  out  at  every  angle  from  the 
hummocky  surface  of  the  ground,  and  the  scrubby  spruces,  —  obstacles 
more  dangerous  than  the  "  undrawn  stumps,"  —  triumphed  over  the  skill 
of  the  driver  and  the  strength  and  comeliness  of  the  carriage,  as  the 
intelligent  but  desperate  animal  had  foreseen. 

Hence  the  "  melancholy  "  catastrophe,  the  account  of  which  closes 
the  fourteenth  chapter  of  Campbell's  History  of  Yarmouth. 

Page  167.  —  "Whatever  objections  the  present  system  may  be 
thought  to  lie  under,  or  grievances  to  which  in  individual  cases  it  may 


84  THf-:    TAIiERNACLE. 

give  rise,  the  testimony  of  our  eyes,  etc.,  .  .  .  i)rove,  that  at  no  time  were 
the  means  of  echicating  our  children  so  complete,  so  able  to  bear 
favoraljle  comparison,  or  to  stand  critical  examination." 

Here  is  faulty  construction.  It  is  as  easy  to  say  in  half  as  many 
words,  "  Though  objections  and  individual  grievances  may  arise  under  the 
present  system,  the  inspector's  reports  and  our  own  observations  prove  that 
never  before  were  the  means  of  education  more  favorable  or  complete." 

PAr;F.  1 89.  —  "  .At  some  distance  to  the  northward  stands  the  Taber- 
nacle Church,  notewf)rthy  as  embodyinr^  viore  correct  details  of  ecclesi- 
astical architecture,  when  it  was  built  in  1.S50,  under  the  energetic 
ministry  of  the  Rev.  F.  Tomkins,  than  any  other  similar  structure  in  the 
Province." 

In  this  sentence  one  is  puzzled  to  know  whether  the  word  more  is 
intended  to  qualify  "correct,"  or  "  details."  Do  the  words  "similar 
stnicture  "  mean  Congregational  Church,  Dissenters'  Church?  Or  does 
Mr.  Campbell  intend  to  convey  his  opinion  that  the  Tabernacle,  in 
1850,  embodied  a  highe"-  order  of  ecclesiastical  architecture  than  any 
other  church  in  the  Province?  .A.  "similar  structure"  would  be  another 
Tabernacle. 

The  early  settler;  of  Yarmouth  Township  were  mostly  descendants 
of  the  Puritans  and  "  PilLrim  Fathers  "  of  the  Massachusetts  Colony  ; 
and,  amid  the  new  homes  they  were  establishing,  a  house  for  religious 
worship  was  tssent  1  to  their  peace  of  mind.  So,  in  i  766,  only  five 
years  after  the  first  arrivals,  we  find  them  building  their  first  church 
at  Chebogue,  and,  in  i  7.S4,  their  second  one  in  Yarmouth,  uj^on  a  lot 
of  land  adjoining  the  homestead  of  the  Rev  Nehemiah  Porter,  the 
Congregational  minister  of  1767. 

Not  until  1807,  when  the  first  Episcopal  church  was  begun  on 
"  Butler's  Hill,"  were  the  people  of  any  other  denomination  numerous 
or  strong  enough  to  undertake  building  a  church  for  themselves. 
Indeed,  it  may  be  said  that,  this  one  excepted,  the  Congregationalists 
furnished  churches  for  the  whole  people  for  nearly  sixty  years.  They 
associated  with  themselves  their  I'resbyterian  friends  at  Chebogue  arri 
Yarmouth,  as  well  as  the  P.aptists  and  "  New  Lights ;  "  sometimes,  in 
the'r  exceeding  liberality,  going  so  far  as  to  permit  their  pulpits  to  be  oc- 
cupied by  Presbyterian  and  ilaptist  ministers,  to  the  exclusion  of  those  of 


THE    TABERAACLE.  85 

* 

their  own  faith  ;  and,  as  the  outcome  of  this  free  use  of  their  pulpits,  the 
Congregationalists,  in  more  than  one  instance,  lost  both  pulpit  and  church. 

These  last  events  led  to  their  building  die  Tabernacle,  when,  warned 
by  previous  experience,  documentary  evidence,  which  will  bear  the 
strictest  scrutiny,  secured  to  the  Congregationalists  a  title  to  the  land 
upon  which  the  building  stands.  Tiiis  land  formed  a  jjortion  of  the 
homestead  of  the  Rev.  N'ehemiah  Porter,  before  referred  to ;  and  it 
seemed  fitting  to  his  granddaugliter,  Mrs.  Ruth  Ellis,  wife  of  Deacon 
Joseph  Ellis,  of  pious  memory,  that  a  portion  of  her  inheritance  shoiild 
become  the  site  of  a  Congregational  church.  .Accordingly,  in  i.S4<S, 
she  conveyed  to  the  properly  constituted  authorities,  as  a  free  gift,  the 
land  adjoining  her  residence  upon  which  the  Tabernacle  stands. 

To  this  gift  of  land  succeeded  an  organization  to  provide  funds  to 
build  a  church,  which,  in  due  time,  were  procured.  The  church  was 
to  i)e  l)uilt  by  voluntary  contributions  :  there  was  to  be  no  proprietorship 
in  pews,  —  a  principle  then  for  the  first  time  introduced  in  Yarmouth. 

Mrs.  Ellis,  eijuipped  with  a  silver  trowel  presented  to  her  by  the 
members  of  the  Ladies'  Needlework  Association,  herself  laid  the  corner- 
stone. The  Rev.  Frederick  J.  Tomkins  (from  London),  a  wonderfully 
well-equipped  minister,  gave  life  to  the  enterj^rise,  and  labored  with 
constant  assiduity  until  the  church  was  corrpleted,  still  not  unmindful  of 
the  example  of  the  apostles  who  "  labored  with  their  own  hands." 

The  architect  was  Mr.  John  Panter  of  Pirooldine,  Mass.,  whose 
lamented  son,  some  fifteen  years  later,  built  the  Yarmouth  Seminary, 
and  the  beautiful  residence  of  the  late  Capt.  Nehemiah  K.  Clements. 
.\nd  in  all  these  successive  improvements  of  the  cenuiry,  from  1767 
to  1867,  we  trace  the  influence  of  Nehemiah  Porter,  the  Congregational 
minister,  in  making  history  for  Yarmouth. 

The  early  settlers  of  Yarmouth  were  men  of  humble  station, 
farmers,  fishermen,  or  seafarers,  inuretl  to  unremitting  toil.  In  early 
life  they  had  been  beyond  the  reach  of  the  educational  advantages  so 
freely  offered  in  these  days  to  the  youth  of  Old  England,  New  England, 
or  Nova  Scotia.  I>ut  they  were  men  well  fitted  for  the  work  they  took 
in  hand ;  and,  in  view  of  the  results  achieved,  it  does  not  become  late- 
coiuers  to  cast  reflections  upon  ^he  methods,  rough  though  some  of 
them  may  have  been,  by  which  their  work  was  done. 


CHAPTER   VII. 

Tlie  Micmacs  a  Ilranch  of  the  Algonquin  Family.  —  Their  Territory.  —  The  Micmacs  a 
Superior  Kace.  —  Styled  by  Algonquins  '•  Our  Ancestors  of  the  East." — Character  and 
Customs  of  the  -Vcadian  Indians.  —  Their  Deference  to  the  French  Missionaries.  —  Their 
Hospitahty  and  Peaceable  Disposition.  —  lieauties  of  the  Indian  Language.  —  Structure  of 
Indian  Words.  —  Examples.  —  Longest  Word  in  the  Indian  Language.  —  Longest  in  any 
L.inguage.  —  Cieographical  Names  in  Vai  mrmth  County  ending  in  acadie.  —  Origin  and 
Meaning  of  Chebogue,  Ci.egoggir,  Chebec,  Tusket.  Mispouk,  and  Kigigiuk.  —  The  Tusket 
River.  —  Iti  Attractions  for  tlie  Tourist  and  Sportsman.  —  John  Eliot,  the  Indian 
Missionary. —  His  Indian  Liible  aud  Testament.  —  The  Lord's  Prayer  in  Two  Dialects. 

IF  one  could  procure  the  materials  for  a  history  of  the  original 
inhabitants  of  Yarmouth  County  for  a  {t\\  hundred  years  previous 
to  the  arrival  of  the  French  colonists,  a  highly  interesting  story  might 
he  written.  The  early  French  missionaries  have  left  many  valuable 
records  of  their  experience  with  be  aborigines  of  Ac  dia ;  and  the 
researches  of  later  writers  have  added  important  contributions  to  a 
knowledge  of  the  character,  customs,  ana  language  of  the  Algonquin 
family  of  Indians  to  which  the  Micmacs  belong.  A  few  pages  devoted 
to  the  Indians  may  not  be,  therefore,  considered  out  of  place  ;  and  they 
may  tend  to  elucidate  some  names  applied  to  localities  in  Yarmouth 
County  and  elsewhere,  or  to  confirm  the  meanings  somedmes  heretofore 
attached  to  them. 

The  aborigines  of  North  America,  east  of  the  Mississippi,  were 
divided  into  four  great  families,  —  the  Eskimos,  .Algonquins,  Dakotahs, 
and  Muscolgees. 

The  Eskimo  territory  extended  from  the  Atlantic  to  the  Pacific 
Ocean,  and  as  far  south  as  Labrador  and  che  shores  of  Hudson's  Bay. 
The  Algonquins  were  bounded  north  by  the  Eskimos,  and  occui^ied 
the  Atlantic  shores  from  Newfoundland  to  Virginia,  the  territories  west 
to  the  Mississippi  and  north  to  its  sources,  and  the  Red  River  and 
Saskachewan  territories. 


THE  MIC  MACS.  87 

The  Algonquins  were  subdivided  into  four  nations,  one  of  wliich,  the 
Abnakis,  occupied  the  Atlantic  coast  as  far  west  as  the  Kennebec  ;  and 
the  branch  of  this  nation  called  the  Souriqtiois,  or  Micmac,  occupied 
the  south-eastern  and  eastern  shores  of  New  I5runswick,  the  whole  of 
Nova  Scotia,  and  the  coasts  as  far  north  as  the  St.  Lawrence,  as  well  as 
the  adjacent  islands. 

The  title,  Micmac,  was  applied  to  the  Souriquois  by  the  French  on 
account  of  the  professed  occult  powers  of  their  numerous  and  famous 
medicine-men.  Abnaki,  sometimes  spelled  Abanaqui,  or  Wabanaki, 
means  our  ancestors,  or  our  ancestors  of  the  East;  and  the  title  was 
given  to  that  people  by  the  other  tribes,  and  not  by  themselves.  It  is 
said  th""  bear  marks  of  an  original  people,  in  name,  manners,  and 
language,  and  show  a  civilization  which  must  be  the  effects  of  antiquity 
and  a  past  flourishing  age.  An  early  missionary  says,  "  They  claim  to 
have  been  created  where  they  were,  and  that  the  Great  Spirit,  having 
made  them  and  their  land  as  a  masterpiece,  made  the  rest  carelessly." 
The  entire  Algonquin  family  called  the  inhabitants  east  of  the  Kennebec 
our  ancestors  of  the  East. 

An  anonymous  writer,  in  17S7,  on  "The  Present  State  of  Nova 
Scotia,"  quotes  a  remark  of  the  Indians  to  the  French  in  their  first 
efforts  to  colonize  the  province  :  "  Our  fathers  lie  buried  here  :  shall  we 
say  to  the  bones  of  our  fathers,  Arise,  and  go  with  us  into  a  foreign 
land?" 

He  thus  speaks  of  the  Indians  of  Nova  Scotia :  "  A  small  dose  of 
liquor  never  satisfies  them.  They  drink  it  unmixed  until  they  can  drink 
no  more.  Their  language  is  exceedingly  expressive,  and  contains  few 
words,  arising  from  a  quick  and  lively  sensation  if  visible  objects,  which 
prompts  them  to  express,  as  it  were  in  a  moment,  ideas  that  would  take 
time  and  reflection  in  us  to  paint  to  the  life ;  whilst  their  surprise  or 
indignation  gives  birth  to  thoughts  or  expressions,  warm,  astonishing, 
and  sul)lime,  a  thousand  examples  of  which  might  be  given  by  persons 
acquainted  with  their  dialect. 

"They  believe  all  men  equal.  Their  principal  abhorrence  of  a 
civilized  way  of  life  seems  to  arise  from  what  they  oi)serve  among  people 
who  style  them  barbarians,  whose  corruptions  and  false  ideas  of  things 
they  affect  to  despise,  and  none  more  so  than  the  respect  paid  to  riches. 


88  THE   ETCIIIMINS. 

wliirli,  as  tlicv  remark,  arc  frcfjiinitl y  possesserl   by  the  most.  \vf>rth,lcss 
o(  mankind." 

He  adds  this  \)V-.\  lor  tin:  Indian  :  "  Let  not  men  horn  nnder  liappier 
climates,  anrl  in  tlur  bosom  of  nvili/.ed  nations,  where  learning  and 
scien<  e  have  long  been  cnltivated,  and  gradnally  brouglit  to  maturity, 
<ira\v  rash  inferences  from  wiiat  has  I)een  said  of  tlieir  manners  and 
customs,  as  if  they  were  a  |>ef)])Ie  wholly  immersed  in  barbarism,  enemies 
to  improvement,  and  incapable  of  instruction.  On  the  contrary,  let  it 
l>e  consirjered,  that  the  leading  i  haracteristics  which  distinguish  man 
from  the  beasts  of  the  field  in  s(j  eminent  a  degree-,  even  in  his  natural 
state,  are  in  a  peculiar  manner  stamped  ujion  them.  The  most  perfect 
notion  of  right  and  wrong,  ct  subordinuion  to  (lod  as  governor  of  the 
imivetse,  and  submission  to  his  will,  are  but  a  small  part  of  that  kntnvl- 
edge  whi<  h  they  possess  from  nature;  and  whilst  we  deplore  the  dark- 
ness in  which  they  are  still  buried,  let  us  not  forget  that  very  few  ages 
have  elapsed  since  the  greater  part  of  Kurope  was  in  a  similar  state  ;  and 
that  the  same  means  that  have  been  used  by  I)ivine  I'rovidence  to  rescue 
so  many  nations  from  the  de|)ths  of  ignorance  is  perfc  ily  adequate  to 
the  same  purpose  again,  since  neither  good  natural  aliilities,  nor  yet 
a  desire  to  be  instructed,  are  wanting  for  bringing  to  perfection  such  a 
desirable  event." 

i\f.  Moreau,  iti  his  "  Histoire  cle  I/.\ca<lie  I''ran<,aise,"  jiublished  at 
Paris  in  I'Sj^,  relates,  "I'lioii  the  right  bank  of  the  Kennebec  River 
there  was  an  encampment  of  Indians,  which  was  the  principal  residence  of 
the  Jesuit  missionary,  Father  .Sebastian  Raslcs.  Their  f:hurch  had  been 
destroyed  i.i  the  last  war,  and  the  tribe  had  been  too  jioor  to  rebuild 
it.  The  governor  of  Massachusetts  thought  he  .saw  a  favorable  oppor- 
tunity to  secure  to  the  Knglish  cause  the  allegiance  of  the  .Miiiakis. 
He  proposed  to  them  to  supply  the  money  and  the  workmen  tf)  rebuild 
their  church,  provided  tliey  would  consent  to  be  serverl  by  a  Protestant 
minister. 

"  His  offer  was  with  one  voice  rejected:  'Your  words  astonish  me,' 
rejiiied  the  Indian  chief,  'arid  I  wonder  at  the  offer  yen  make.  When 
you  came  here,  you  saw  me  a  long  time  before  the  I'Vench  governor. 
But  neither  they  who  ( anie  before  you,  nor  have  your  ministers,  ever 
spoken  to  me  of  prayers,  nor  of  the  (ircat  Spirit.     'I'hey  looked  at  my 


ACADfAN  IXDIANS.  .S9 

furs,  my  bcaver-skins,  ;iti(l  tiiofjsc-skiiis :  tliat  scciiicd  all  tlicy  cared 
about.  'I'hat  i:s  what  they  ea^^erly  looked  for.  I  r:(jiild  not  liring  enou^'h 
of  them  ;  and  when  I  brought  them  a  very  large  lot,  1  was  their  great 
friend.     And  that  was  all. 

"  '  i>ut  cue  day  I  lost  my  ranoe,  and  then  lost  my  tr.i<  k.  I  wandered 
a  long  time  by  chance,  and  at  last  1  <  ame  near  (^uelie*.  to  a  large  <  ami) 
of  the  ;\bnakis  where  the  />/(irk  RoOf',  were  teaching  them.  As  soon 
as  I  got  there,  one  of  tlic  /i/iirk  Ruhts  f:ame  to  see  me.  I  was  loade<I 
with  fnrs  :  the  l''ren<  h  lUaih  /iW^/' woiiM  not  even  look  at  iheni.  lie 
spoke  to  me  at  lirst  of  the  (ire;it  Sjiirit,  of  heaven  and  hell,  and  of 
[)rayers,  which  was  the  only  w.iy  (o  get  to  heav<-n.  I  was  pleased  to 
listen  to  him,  and  I  likid  hi-,  talk  so  well  that  I  stayrd  a  long  time  at 
the  camp  to  hear  him.  \Cs,  his  prayers  j)leased  me,  and  I  engaged 
him  to  teach  me.  I  asked  for  baptism,  and  received  it.  .At  Inst  [  came 
back  to  my  own  conntry,  and  I  told  them  what  had  happened  to  me. 
'i'hey  envied  my  good  fortune,  and  wanted  to  shar(-'  m  it.  'I'liey  went 
to  find  the  liluck  Robe,  and  ask  ff)r  baptism.  That  is  tin;  way  the 
i'reiich  have  treated  me.  If,  when  yon  harl  first  seen  nu:,  you  ha'I 
talked  to  mi-  of  prayers,  I  would  have  had  the  bad  luck  to  pray  like 
you,  for  I  would  not  have  been  able  to  tell  if  y<jur  prayers  were  good. 
S(j,  I  say  to  you,  that  I  shall  hold  to  the  prayers  of  the  I'Vench.  I  like 
tlieni,  and  I  will  hold  on  to  them  till  the  worM  burns  up  and  comes  to 
an  end.  Yon  may,  then,  keep  your  money,  your  workmen,  and  your 
minister.  I  do  n(jt  want  to  sjieak  of  them  any  hjpger,  and  I  will  say 
to  the  French  governor,  Father,  send  me  away  from  them.'  " 

.Another  writer  says  of  the  Indians  of  Acadia,  "They  were  skilled 
in  agriculture,  and  ingenious  artisans,  excellent  physicians,  and  they 
displayed  great  ingenuity  in  entrapping  wild  animals.  In  war  they 
exhibited  unexampled  bravery.  In  their  domestic  relations  ti.ey  were 
(juitc  as  ha|)py  as  their  Furojjean  ciiiKpierors.  Whatever  the  husband 
procured  by  hunting  belonged  to  tlie  wife,  and  whatever  the  wife  raised 
ill  the  field  belongeil  to  the  husband.  The  boys  were;  early  taught  to 
hunt  and  fish,  and  the  girls  to  raise  f:orn  and  wcrave  nets.  Children 
were  imnrht  to  respecl  the  at^ei/.  New  corniields  were  usually  broken 
up  by  a  mirthfiil  gathering  of  all  residing  in  the  vicinity." 

('olonel    Fry,    commandant    at    I'ort    (iumberland,    arldressing    the 


90  THE  INDIA  X  LANGUAGE. 

governor  of  Nova  Scotia,  in  1761,  wrote  of  the  arrival  there  of  a  French 
priest,  Father  Manache,  who  said  of  the  Indians,  "  They  were  all  of  one 
nation,  and  known  by  the  name  of  Micmacs ;  they  were  very  numerous, 
amounting  to  tliree  thousand  souls ;  that  he  had  learned  their  language 
since  he  had  been  among  them,  arid  had  found  so  much  excellence  in 
it  that  he  was  rvell  persuaded  if  the  beauties  of  it  were  knoion  in 
Europe  there  would  be  seminaries  erected  for  the  propagation  of  it  '  " 

Dr.  Trumbull  of  Hartford,  Conn.,  writes,  "The  original  character 
of  many  Indian  geographical  names  has  been  lost  by  their  transfer  to 
a  foreign  tongue.  Nearly  all  have  suffered  some  mutilation  or  change 
of  form.  In  many  instances  scarcely  a  trace  of  the  original  can  be 
detected  in  the  modern  name.  Some  have  been  separated  from  the 
localities  to  which  they  belonged,  and  assigned  to  others  to  which  they 
are  etymologically  inappropriate.  Every  Indian  name  described  the 
locality  to  -wliich  it  roas  affixed. 

"  With  few  exceptions,  the  structure  of  these  words  is  simple. 
Nearly  all  may  be  referred  to  one  of  three  classes :  — 

"  I.  Those  formed  by  the  union  of  two  elements  which  we  call 
adjectival  or  substantival,  with  or  without  a  location  suffix  at,  in,  near 
by,  etc. 

"  II.  Those  which  have  a  single  element,  the  substantival,  or 
ground-word,  with  its  location  affix. 

"III.  Those  formed  from  verbs,  or  pardcipial  or  verbal  nouns,  denot- 
ing the  place  where  the  action  of  the  verb  is  performed.  At  least  nine- 
tenths  of  all  Algonquin  names  belong  to  Class  I.  or  II. 

"  The  same  name  may  be  found  in  the  early  records  written  in  a 
dozen  different  ways.  Most  of  the  Indian  local  names  were  written  by 
men  who  cared  nothing  for  the  meaning,  and  knew  nothing  of  the 
language  to  which  they  belonged.  Of  the  few  who  had  learned  to  speak 
one  or  more  of  these  languages,  no  two  adopted  the  same  way  of  writ- 
ing them ;  and  no  one,  John  Eliot  excepted,  appears  to  have  been 
at  all  careful  to  write  the  same  word  twice  alike.  In  the  seventeenth 
century  men  took  considerable  liberty  in  spelling  their  own  surnames, 
and  very  large  liberties  with  English  polysyllables,  especially  with  local 
names.  Scribes  who  contrived  to  find  five  or  six  ways  of  spelling 
Hartford  were  not  likely  to  preserve  uniformity  in  iiicir  dealing  with 


FATHER  RASLES.  9' 

Indian  names.  A  few  letters  more  or  less  were  of  no  great  conse- 
(luence;  but  generally  the  writers  tried  to  keep  on  the  safe  side  by 
putting  in  as  many  as  they  could  find  room  for." 

Father  Rasles,  a  Jesuit  missionary,  who  lived  among  the  Indians 
for  upwards  of  thirty  years,  in  a  letter  dated  at  Norridgewauk,  Oct.  1 2, 
1723,  says,  "On  July  23,  1689,  I  eml)arked  cit  Rochelle,  and,  after  a 
good  voyage,  arrived  at  Quebec  on  Oct.  13,  in  the  same  year.  I  at 
once  applied  myself  to  a  study  of  the  language  of  the  savages.  It  is 
very  difficult ;  for  it  is  not  sufficient  to  study  the  words  and  their  mean- 
ing, and  to  acquire  a  stock  of  words  and  phrases,  but  we  must  acquaint 
ourselves  with  the  turn  and  arrangement  of  them  as  used  by  the  savages, 
and  which  can  only  be  attained  by  intercourse  and  familiarity  with  these 
people.  I  then  took  up  my  residence  in  a  village  of  the  Abnaki  nation, 
situated  in  a  forest  a  few  leagues  from  Quebec.  This  village  was  inhab- 
ited by  two  hundred  savages,  who  were  almost  all  Christians.  It  was 
among  these  people,  who  pass  fo7-  the  least  rude  of  all  our  savages, 
tliat  I  went  through  my  apprenticeship  as  a  missionary.  My  principal 
occupation  was  to  study  their  language.  It  is  very  difficult  to  learn, 
especially  when  we  have  only  savages  for  our  teachers." 

Under  date  1691,  Father  Rasles  writes,  "II  y  a  un  an  que  je  suis 
parmi  les  sauvages,  je  commence  a  mettre  en  ordre  en  forme  de  dictio- 
naire  les  mots  que  j'apprens."  ("When  I  had  been  a  year  among  the 
savages,  I  began  to  arrange  in  the  form  of  a  dictionary  the  words  I 
learned.") 

The  original  manuscript  of  Father  Rasles'  dictionary  is  in  the  library 
of  Harvard  University,  and  it  appeared  in  printed  form  in  1833.  Some 
of  the  words  which  are  given  on  this  and  following  pages,  are  taken  from 
Father  Rasles'  dictionary,  and  among  them  may  be  found  a  key  to  the 
origin  of  some  local  names  in  Yarmouth  County. 

Nehantic Point  of  land  on  a  tidal  river. 

Cheputnaticook Low  land  near  the  river. 

GuNASQUAMCOOK Long  bar  joining  the  island. 

Kamiskwanangachit Place  where  they  spear  salmon. 

Angwassagin Place  where  there  is  drift-wood. 

Mattawankeag       Bar  of  gravel  dividing  the  river. 

MINIPESSUNK Plenty  of  rain. 


92  IXDIAN  NAMES. 

Chatemac Great  rock. 

Androscoggin Andros  (Gov.)  gathering. 

Ammoscoggin Many  fish  coming. 

Agomowin Harbor. 

Matchibigwadusek Water  bad  to  drink. 

Keespougwitk Land's  end.     Yarmouth. 

Kigigiak,    or  ) 

r Great  establishment. 

KiGICAPIGIAK  ) 

MiTrHiKAN  (Meteghan) Wooden  fence.     Weir. 

Ac.ouAM Smoked  fish. 

Agouiden Canoe. 

Akoihi Brandy. 

Opin i'otato. 

Acadie Place  of  abundance. 

WoNGUM Crooked. 

OrllGUNDr,  or  ) 

> Good  river. 

Ulasteka       ) 

Nebt,  Begat,  ") 

\        Water. 

Muskeg  ) 

Meenum Blueberry. 

Odei.min Strawberry. 

Mouskegegemin ....  Swamp-berry,  or  cranberry. 

Shepaug River  in  Connecticut. 

Shippook Lake  in  Connecticut. 

TuCKQUT Terminal  many  Indian  names. 

Paug Still,  or  standing  water. 

Maskebeg.\t Swift-running  water. 

Tekebi,  or    ) 

„  ^       Cold  water. 

Tekebegat  j 

Nahamon An  eel. 

Nahumkeag Place  for  eels. 

Pent.\guet,  or 


1 


_,  ,       Broad  water. 

BOAMTUQUET 

Mashapaug Large  pond. 

MiNNEPAUG Still  deep  water. 

Shetucket Rough  river. 

Palttukesit Falls  of  the  tidal  river. 

We<juetukquesit Head  of  the  tidal  river. 

TuKSEiT Broad  tidal  river. 

OussiKKAT River  which  grows  smaller, 

OusKiTSioui The  chief  river. 

OusKiTsiMATZASSESE River  that  is  rough  outside. 


INDIAN  WORDS.  93 

NiKETAOi'KSiT The  great  forked  t'Jal  river. 

MousKEGOUAKOC  K River  where  there  are  fish. 

MousKEGOUiAHOUGOOK River  where  there  are  many  fish. 

OuiGOUAM Camp,  wigwam. 

Skoutam Trout. 

Skoutamouk Many  trout. 

Nahamouk Many  eels. 

OURIKIZEGAT        Fine  day,  or  fine  weather. 

Matsikizegat       Bad  weather. 

louTsr  Mouic  hine.na We  will  camp  here. 

OUATSOUSEM/>.SI F'iU  my  pipe. 

PiouA.v The  wind  drives  the  snow. 

NoLUMBEGA Still  Water  below  falls. 

Xeganniannaubook Ancients  of  past  times. 

Mehwasque Very  cold  weather. 

Chic Near,  close  by. 

Mis,  Missi Great. 

TUK,  Tic Tide. 

Ut Place. 

Cha,  Che,  She,  as  a  prefix,  mean  great,  large,  or  violent,  as  the  context  requires. 

Words  like  the  two  following,  the  one  of  eleven,  the  other  of  twenty, 
syllables,  provoked  Cotton  Mather  to  say,  "  Indian  words  are  long 
enough  to  tire  any  scholar  in  the  world.  One  would  think  they  had 
been  growing  ever  since  Babel  unto  the  dimensions  to  which  they  are 
now  extended." 

\VuT'AP'pis'siT'TUK'QUS'suN'.\o.\'wEKT'L-NK'nuoH'.     He  kneeled  down  to  him. 

XuP'PAHK'NUH'TO'PE'PE'NAU'WUr'CHUT'CHUH'nuo'KA'.XEH'fHA'E'NIN'NU'.MUN'NO'- 

NOK.' '     Our  well-skilled  looking-glass  makers. 

KeTCHINIVVEsX    ) 

\ The  Great  Spirit. 

ketchinixha.m  ) 

.Matchi.nuwesk  ) 

■ The  Evil  Spirit. 

.Match IN  ixHAM  ) 

THE    SEASONS. 


SiQUAM Spring. 

Nekumge Autumn. 


NiBAN Summer. 

Peboon Winter. 


'  The  longest  word  known  has  been  lately  exhumed.  It  is  Llanfairpwillgwngyllgertrobgllgerchwyrn- 
byllgogerbwllzantivsiliogogogoch.  This  awful  word  of  seventy-two  letters  and  twenty-two  syllables, 
the  name  of  a  village  in  Wales,  means,  "  St.  Mary's  white  hazel  pool,  near  the  turning  pool,  near  the 
whirlpool,  very  near  the  pool  by  Llantsilio,  fronting  the  rocky  islet  of  Gogo."  .\nd  it  is  a  short  word 
after  all,  for  its  meaning  cantiot  be  expressed  in  the  same  number  of  letters  or  syllables  in  any  other 
language  under  the  sun. 


94 


IXDIAN  WORDS. 


THE    DAYS    OF    THE    WEEK. 

Sunday Sande. 

Monday Amikawasalokka 

Tuesday Nisidaalokka   . 

Wednesday NesetaaLokka  . 

Thursday Ieotaalokka     . 

Friday Skehenatook   . 

Saturday Katausande 

Etsi  Taubawanikessughenakkiouighissan, signifying  a  week;  or, from  seven 
days  to  sez'tn  days  it  is  the  festival  of  Sunday. 


First  working-day. 
Second  working-day. 
Third  working-day. 
Fourth  working-day. 
The  Day  of  the  Cross. 
The  day  before  Sunday. 


January 
February  . 
March  .  . 
April  .  .  . 
May  .  .  . 
June  .  .  . 
July  .  .  . 
August  .  . 
September  . 
October.  . 
November  . 
December  . 


THE    MONTHS 

Onglusamwessit  .    .  . 

Takuaskaikizoos  .    .  . 

Puhodamurkizoos    .  . 

Amusswikizoos  .    .    .  . 

KiKKAIKIZOOS     .      .      .  . 

muskoshikizoos    .    .  . 

Atchittaikizoos  .    .  . 

WlKKAIKIZOOS    .      .      .  . 

Mautchewodokkizoos  . 

Assebaskwats  .    .    .  . 

Abonankiswikizoos  .  . 

Ketchikizoos    .    .    .  . 


OF    THE    YEAR. 
Moon  when  it  is  hard  to  get  a  living. 
Moon  when  there  is  crust  on  the  snow. 
Moon  when  the  hens  lay. 
Moon  when  we  catch  fish. 
Moon  when  we  sow. 
Moon  when  we  catch  young  seals. 
Moon  when  the  berries  are  ripe. 
Moon  when  there  are  eels  on  the  sand. 
Moon  when  there  are  moose  and  berries. 
Moon  when  ice  is  on  the  banks. 
Moon  when  the  frost-fish  come. 
The  long  moon. 


PHASES    OF    THE   MOON. 

Naugusa She  is  born. 

Nenaghil She  grows. 

Kegandemaghil She  will  soon  be  full. 

Wemeghil She  is  full. 

Peuinem She  is  past  full. 

Utsine She  begins  to  die. 

Pebassine She  is  half  dead. 

Metchina She  is  nearly  dead. 

Sesemina She  is  nearly  dead. 

Nepa She  is  dead ;  or,  no  moon. 

OF    THE    DAY    AND    NIGHT. 

USPAUSWiwi Daybreak. 

Tsekwut It  is  day. 

Paskoue Noon.  '       - 

Pedugusse Past  noon. 


INDIAN  LOCAL  NAMES.  95 

Nakile Sunset. 

Magi-angouille Twilight. 

Keglnpesede Evening. 

PiSKU Night. 

Agumenetepoket Before  midnight. 

Epassieiepoket Midnight. 

Agwametepoket After  midnight. 

Pitsetepoket The  night  will  soon  be  over. 

SouRiQUOis,  The  Micmacs Good  canoe-men. 

Eskimos Eaters  of  raw  flesh. 

The  numerals  in  the  Indian  dialect  according  to  Lescarbot,  writing 
in  1610  :  — 

NUMERALS.  SOURIQUOIS.  EtCHIMINS. 

I Nagout Bechkon. 

II Tabo NiCH. 

Ill Chicht Xach. 

IV Neon Tau. 

V Nan Prenchk. 

VI Kamachin Ch.achit. 

VII EROEGUENIK COUTACHIT. 

VIII Megu  Merchin  ....    Erouiguen. 

IX Echkonadek Pechcoquem. 

X Metren Peiock. 

The  Indian  names  Ponamagotty,  Soonecaty,  Anglaseawagatty  (Camp- 
bell's History,  p.  20),  would  be  improved  by  changing  the  terminals  to 
acadie,  thus  :  Ponomacadie,  Anglaseacadie,  Shunacadie,  when  they  would 
harmonize  with  other  Indian  names  ending  in  acadie.  Passamaquoddy 
does  not  look  so  well  in  print,  nor  sound  so  well,  as  the  original  Passam- 
acadie.  It  is  said  that  the  word  pappoose  is  not  Indian,  but  was  origi- 
nally the  Indians'  imperfect  pronunciation  of  the  English  word  babies. 
But  some  writers  give  it  as  Indian,  —  papoos,  pcuppoos,  pappoosee 
nippapoos,  according  to  fancy. 

The  Indian  name  for  Salem,  Mass.,  was  Nahumkeag,  place  for  eels. 
It  is  often  found  spelled  Naumkeag.  If,  for  the  sake  of  old  associa- 
tions, it  is  thought  advisable  to  preserve  the  original  signification  of 
the  name,  the  village  of  Eel  Brook  might  at  some  future  time  be  called 
Naumkeag,  when  it  would  come  into  line  with  Pubnico,  Abuptic,  Tusket, 
Chebec,  Chebogue,  and  Chegoggin.  _  _^ .^.^ 


96  INDIAN  LOCAL   NAMES. 

Che  is  the  prefix  of  many  Micniac  names.  We  have  it  in  Chebogue, 
Chegoggin,  Chebec,  Ciiebucto,  Chezetcook,  and  Chedabucto.  Cheti- 
camp  is  probably  Frencli,  derived  from  chetif  and  camp,  and  meaning 
a  poor  camping-ground,  or  a  poor  encampment.  We  have  its  equiva- 
lent in  Mirami^///  and  Ri^///bucto. 

Chic  is  almost  as  frequent.  It  occurs  in  Chicaben,  Chicnecto, 
Chicoutimi,  Chicopee,  and  Chicago.  Cheputnaticook  is  the  Indian 
name  for  the  north-west  branch  of  the  St.  Croix  River,  N.B.  There  is 
a  Chegoggin  River  in  Guysborough  County,  a  Chebeague  Island  in 
Casco  Bay,  and  Chimenticook  is  a  branch  of  the  River  St.  John  in  the 
north-west  corner  of  the  Aroostook  territory. 

In  the  InJian  names,  examples  of  which  have  been  given  in  these 
notes,  variations  in  the  spelling  are  observed,  where  the  sounds  of  the 
syllables  are  nearly  the  same.  This  has  arisen  from  different  persons 
using  different  forms  to  express  the  same  sounds ;  just  as  in  the  seven- 
teenth century  English  spelling  was  capricious  and  unsettled,  or  as  in 
the  eighteenth  century,  in  the  time  of  the  early  Yarmouth  settlers,  when 
any  clerk  or  recorder  was  a  law  unto  himself. 

Analyzing  some  Yarmouth-County  names,  we  therefore  find  that 
Mispouk  Lake  is  from  Mis,  great,  and  paiti^,  Stillwater;  whence  also 
came  Muspeg,  Muskeg,  etc.,  as  applied  to  swamps.  Chebogue  is  from 
Che  and  paug,  Great  still  river.  Chegoggin,  Great  encampment, 
referring  to  the  old  Indian  village  at  the  head  of  tide-water,  which  must 
have  been  one  of  the  best  camping-grounds  in  the  western  part  of  Nova 
Scotia.  Chebec,  meaning  "  the  Narrows,''  was  the  Indian  name  for 
Tusket  Wedge  ;  and  "  the  Forks  "  the  Micmacs  called  Nictahk. 

The  origin  of  Tusket  is  quickly  recognized  when  we  read  Tukseit, 
Oussikkat,  Ouskitsioui,  or  Niketaouksit.  The  name,  Niketaouksit,  the 
great  forked  tidal  river,  is  very  applicable  to  the  Tusket ;  more  so, 
perhaps,  than  to  any  other  river  in  Nova  Scotia. 

The  first  branch  is  the  Salmon  River,  running  northerly  into  Digby 
County,  until  it  there  passes  some  of  the  sources  of  the  other  Salmon 
River,  which  has  its  outlet  near  the  mouth  of  St.  Mary's  Bay.  The 
next  is  Hersey's  Branch,  which  leaves  the  main  river  at  Gavel's  Falls, 
and  runs  northerly  till  it  nearly  meets  the  tributaries  of  the  Sissibou 
River.     The  Great  Tusket,  diverging  more  easterly  at  Gavel's  Bridge, 


THE    TUSKET  RIVER.  97 

sends  off  its  next  great  branch  at  "the  Forks"  Bridge,  which  branch 
runs  thence  south-easterly  until  it  crosses  the  Shelburne-County  line. 

The  next  branch,  the  Kigigiak,  or  Kegshook,  nins  north-easterly 
through,  and  for  miles  beyond,  Wallebec  Lake,  for  a  considerable 
distance  in  company  with  the  Clyde  River  of  Shelburne  County. 

Two  miies  north  of  the  Kemptville  Bridge  the  Tusket  again 
branches ;  the  main  river  taking  a  still  more  easterly  course  away 
beyond  the  Blue  Mountains  into  Digby  County,  and  the  other  branch 
running  northerly  also  into  Digby  County,  where  it  separates  into  two 
considerable  streams,  one  of  which  extends  as  far  northerly,  at  least,  as 
the  latitude  of  Sissibou  Bridge. 

The  head  waters  of  these  branches  of  the  Tusket  River  are  at  varying 
distances  from  the  sea,  —  from  thirty  to  sixty  miles,  —  and,  excepting 
occasional  carrying-places,  where  the  falls  make  rough  and  rapid  water, 
all  these  branches  are  navigable  to  flat-bottomed  boats.  These  notes 
are  written  from  a  familiar  acquaintance  with  all  these  branches  of  the 
Tusket  River  during  the  last  forty  years,  derived  from  passing  over  them 
in  boats  from  the  head  waters  with  a  skilled  voyageur,  and  making  the 
descent  to  Tusket  village,  ten  miles  from  the  sea. 

Upon  some  of  the  branches,  there  is  scarcely  an  obstruction  for  the 
whole  distance  ;  in  many  places  the  "  rapids  "  are  half  a  mile  or  more 
in  length,  and  may  (with  care)  be  "run"  in  perfect  safety;  while  every- 
where from  the  rippling  water,  and  especially  where  it  meets  the  still 
water  of  the  lakes,  abundance  of  fine  trout  and  an  occasional  salmon 
add  a  zest  to  an  excursion  through  magnificent  lake  and  river  and  forest 
scenery,  not  surpassed  by  any  in  the  maritime  provinces  or  New  England. 

In  the  olden  time  the  Tusket  River  was  the  natural  and  favorite 
habitat  of  salmon,  alewives,  shad,  and  other  valuable  food-fishes.  The 
catch  was  only  limited  by  the  needs  of  the  sojourners  upon  its  banks ; 
and  although  the  inroads  of  a  later  civilization  have  largely  broken  up 
their  favorite  haunts,  of  all  the  rivers  upon  the  North-Atlantic  coasts 
of  America,  the  Tusket  continues  to  be  the  one  first  visited  by  salmon 
in  the  spring.  Moose,  caribou,  and  useful  fur-bearing  animals,  abounded 
in  the  forests ;  while  limitless  flocks  of  wild  geese,  ducks,  and  other  sea- 
fowl,  in  their  annual  migrations,  made  these  .Acadian  waters  their  first 
resting-place  on  their  Northern  journeys,  and  the  waters  where  they 


98  JOHN  ELIOT. 

lingered  longest  in  the  fall  before  taking  their  final  departure  for  the 
South. 

Here,  then,  was  a  "  happy  hunting-ground,"  the  home  of  the  abor- 
igines whom  the  Algonquins  styled  "  Our  ancestors  of  the  East;"  nor 
is  it  strange  that  amid  such  scenes  the  Micmacs  developed  a  degree  of 
civilization  unattained  by  any  other  tribe  of  North-American  Indians. 
They  welcomed,  and  freely  fraternized  with,  the  French  when  they  first 
appeared  upon  these  shores ;  and  the  Micmacs  readily  yielded  to  the 
persuasive  teachings  of  the    Jesuit  missionaries  who  accompanied  the 
early  voyagers  from  France.     The  French  immigrants  who  followed  met 
the  most  hospitable  treatment ;  and  if  they  had  been  permitted  to  colo- 
nize Acadia,  undisturbed  by  the  English  in  their  peaceful   occui«tion 
it  would  be  no  part  of  history  to-day  to  record  only  plaintive  reminis- 
cences 

"  of  the  gentle  race 

That  has  passed  away  forever."  ■ 

History  preserves  unfading  records  of  one  Protestant  missionary  of 
the  Massachusetts  Colony  who  was  free  from  the  rebuke  of  the  Indian 
chief  upon  the  banks  of  the  Kennebec,  — 

JOHN    ELIOT,— 

who  was  born  at  Nasing,  near  Waltham,  in  Essex,  England,  in  1604. 
He  was  educated  at  Jesus'  College,  Cambridge,  where  he  took  his 
Bachelor's  degree  in  1623.  He  came  to  America,  landing  at  Boston 
on  Nov.  3,  1631.  He  lived  in  P.oxburj',  where  he  was  married  in 
1632  ;  and  he  was  pastor  of  a  church  in  Roxbury  for  more  than  fifty- 
seven  years,  until  his  death  in  1690. 

He  devoted  himself  to  the  study  of  the  Indian  language,  residing 
with  therri  sometimes  for  weeks  together ;  and  after  two  years  he  was  able 
to  preach  to  them  in  their  own  language.  In  1653  he  published  a 
Catechism  for  the  Indians,  the  first  one  in  their  language.  In  1661  he 
published  a  New  Testament  in  the  Indian  language.     It  bore  this  title  :  — 

WUSKU   WUTTESTAMENTUM 

NUL-LORDUMUM  JESUS   CHRIST  : 

- --  NUPPOQUOHWUSSUAENUMUM. 

'  Appendix  I. 


THE   IXDIAN  BIBLE.  99 

In  1663  '■''=  Indian  Bible  was  published.     Its  title  was,  — 


MAMUSSE 

WL'XN'EETLPANATAMWE 

UP-IiII!LUM    GOD 

NANEE>\VE 

NUKKOXE   TESTAMENT 

KAH    WONK 

WUSKU   TESTAMENT. 


NEQUOSHKIXNUMdUK   WUTTINNEt'MOH  CHRIST 
NOH   ASOUWESIT 

JOHN  ELIOT. 


CAMBRIDGE 

1663 

Literally  translated:  The  whole  Holy;  His  Bible  God,  both  Old 
Testament  and  also  New  Testament. 

This  was  the  first  Bible  printed  in  America.  Not  till  the  middle 
of  the  next  century  was  the  Bible  in  the  English  language  printed 
in  this  country. 

The  following  is  the  Lord's  Prayer  from  Eliot's  Catechism,  in  the 
language  of  the  Massachusetts  branch  of  the  Algonquin  family. 

"  Nooshun  kesukqut  wunneetupantamunock  koowesionk.  Peyan- 
mooutch  kukkeitassootamoonk.  Toh  unantaman  ne'  nnajokheit  neane 
kesukqut.  Asekusukokish  petukqunnegash  assaminean  yeu  kesukok. 
Ahquontamaannean  nummatsheseongash,  neane  matchenahikquagig 
nutahquontamanounanog.  Ahque  sagkompaguninnean  en  qutchhuaon- 
ganit  webe  pohquohwussinan  wutch  matahitut ;  newuteke  keitassoo- 
tamoonk,  kutahtauun,  menuhkesuonk  sohsumoonk,  niicheme  kah 
micheme.     Amen." 

The  Lord's  prayer  in  the  dialect  of  the  Etchimins  of  the  Kennebec 
is  thus  rendered  :  — 

"  Nushinen  Wajok  ebin  tchiptook  delwigin  mequidemek  Wajok  n'teli- 


lOO  THE  INDIAN  PRIMER. 

danen  tchiptook  ignemwick  ula  nemulek  uledechinen.  Natel  Wajok 
deli  chkedoolk  tchiptook  deli  chkedulek  makimiguel  elnieh.  Delamu- 
kubenigual  echemieguel  apeic  nequech  kichkook  delamooktech  pene- 
(juunenwin  nilunen ;  deli  abikchiktakichik  wegaiwinametnik  elpkel 
Nixham  abikchiktwin  eUveultik  melkeninnech  winnehudil  mu  k'tygalinen 
keginnkamkel  winnchiguel  twaktwin.     N'delietch." 

Tlie  following  is  the  Apostles'  Creed  in  the  dialect  of  the  Massa- 
chusetts Indians  translated  by  John  Eliot :  — 

"  Nounamptan  God  wamemanuhkesit  wutooshiman  noh  kezteunk 
kesnk  kah  ohke ;  kuhnounamptan  Jesus  Christ  ummohtomegkeonsheh, 
nussontimoumun ;  noh  wompequoomuk  nashpe  wannepanatamwe 
Nashananit ;  noh  neetuonont  peenompae  Maryoh  ;  chequnuhtamup  nup- 
poonk  utagwe  Pontius  Pilate,  pametunkupunuuntup,  nuppoup  kah 
pofekinop,  woumsu  en  chepiokkomukqut,  nishikqunukok  omokkuwonk 
wutch  nuppunat,  kah  waabu  en  kesukqut  kah  na  ut  wutappin  ;  adt  wuttin- 
ohkounit  God  wame  manuhkesit  wutoushiman ;  na  wutch  pish  peyan 
wussumonat  nu  weeswe  pamontogig  kah  napukeg.  Nounamptan 
wunnase  tupanatamwe.  Nashananit  nounamptan  mumusse  wannutu- 
panatamwe  mocuwakkomonganuou ;  kah  ummooukomuongannou 
waneestupanatogig,  kah  ahquontamoodtuonk  matcheseongash ;  kah 
muhhogkoue,  kah  micheme  pomantamoonk  ut  kesukqut." 

From  the  Indian  Primer,  by  John  Eliot,  1669.  The  only  perfect 
copy  of  the  original  known  to  exist  is  in  the  library  of  the  University  of 
Edinburgh.  The  type  was  set  in  part  by  "praying  Indians,"  and  the 
dialect  is  that  of  the  Natick  tribe. 

M.  Rameau,  in  his  book  "  Une  Colonie  Feodale,"  published  at  Paris 
in  1876,  says,  — 

"  Certainly,  of  all  the  Indians,  the  Abnakis  most  nearly  approached 
the  European,  and  especially  the  French,  character ;  above  all  other 
tribes  they  were  docile  and  faithful ;  endowed  with  a  brilliant  courage 
and  with  a  loyalty  rare  among  Indians,  they  displayed  an  unwavering 
fidelity  to  the  men  and  to  the  ideas  to  which  they  became  attached.  .  .  . 
These  savages  always  lived  in  perfect  accord  with  the  Acadians.  We 
have  seen  from  the  interesting  narrative  of  Lescarbot  that  their  relations 
with  the  French  were  iriendly  from  the  beginning :  this  reciprocal 
attachment  failed  not  for  a  single  day.     The  Acadians  sometimes  com- 


INDIAN  FIDELITY.  lOI 

plained  of  the  Indians  living  so  near  to  them,  and  of  their  importunity  ; 
but  never,  during  the  century  and  a  half  of  French  rule,  did  one  hear  of 
altercation,  of  aggression,  of  pillage,  nor  of  a  single  act  of  violence. 
Perhaps  the  history  of  no  other  colony  presents  a  similar  phenomencr,." 

Dit  M.  Moreau  en  "  Histoire  de  L'Acadie  Frangaise,"  publi^e  a 
Paris  en  1S73,  — 

"  Oh  I  combien  auroit  et6  diff^rente  de  ce  qu'elle  est  la  condition 
des  indigenes,  si  Dieu  avoit  permis  que  la  puissance  Frangaise  se  main- 
tint  sur  les  rivages  Aniericains  !  et  quel  autre  spectacle  les  populations 
Stabiles  dans  les  immenses  bassins  du  Saint-Laurent  et  du  Mississippi 
auroient  donn^  au  monde  !  II  est  impossible  de  penser,  sans  une 
profonde  douleur,  aux  miracles  de  charity  dont  la  supr^maiie  Anglaise  a 
interrompu  le  cours." 

The  chapter  may  close  with  the  reflections,  ending  perhaps  with 
indignation,  this  passage  is  so  well  calculated  to  arouse. 


CHAPTER   VIII. 

Champlain's  Early  Career. —  His  Skill  as  a  Navigator.  —  Compared  with  Julius  Cxsar. — 
French  Colonization  of  .\cadia.  —  Marquis  de  La  Roche  in  1 59S.  —  De  Xlonts,  Poutrin 
court,  and  Champlain  in  1604.  —  Champlain  explores  the  Coast  from  Liverpool  to 
Ste.  Marie's  Bay,  calling  at  Yarmouth  in  May,  1604.  —  The  Colony  first  settles  at 
Ste.  Croix.  —  Removes  to  Port  Royal  in  1605,  —  Claude  de  La  Tour  and  his  Son  Charles 
at  Port  Royal  in  1610.  —  .\rgairs  Raid  in  1613.  —  Sir  William  Alexander's  Colony  at 
Port  Royal  in  1622.  —  Claude  de  La  Tour  created  a  Baronet  ot  Nova  Scotia.  —  Charles 
declines  a  Similar  Honor.  —  Gov,  John  \Vinthrop"s  Massachusetts  Colony  of  1630. —  Met 
by  Capt.  Lovett  off  Cape  Ann,  and  ascorted  to  Salem. —  Acadia  restored  to  France  in 
:63i.  —  Alexander  abandons  Port  Royal.  —  Alarm  in  Massachusetts  Bay. —  Razilly  and 
D'Aulnay  foiuid  a  Colony  at  La  Hfeve  in  1632.  —  Charles  de  La  Tour  builds  a  Fort  at 
St.  John.  —  Razilly  dies,  and  D'.Aulnay  succeeds  to  the  (iovernment  of  Acadia.  —  He 
removes  his  Colony  to  Port  Royal. —  .Acadia  divided  by  the  King  of  France  between 
D'Aulnay  and  Charles  de  La  Tour.  —  Conflict  between  them.  —  Encouraged  by  the 
English  (if  Massachusetts.  —  D".\ulnay  captures  La  Tour's  Fort.  —  Death  of  MaAime 
de  La  Tour.  —  De.ith  of  D"Aulnay.  —  CIii.rles  de  La  Tour  marries  Madame  D'Aulnay.  — 
Devotion  and  Influence  of  French  Missionaries.  —  The  .\bbe  Sigogne. —  Port  Royal 
from  1650  to  Treaty  of   Utrecht  in  1713. 

CONTINUING  the  narrative  from  the  close  of  Chapter  I.,  a  brief 
sketch  will  now  be  given  of  the  early  efforts  of  the  French  to 
colonize  Nova  Scotia  down  to  1713,  when  it  was  finally  ceded  to  Great 
Britain.  The  account  is  drawn  from  various  sources  where  authors, 
describing  the  same  events,  difter  in  some  particulars ;  and,  where  dis- 
crepancies occur,  it  is  often  difficult  to  decide  whose  accounts  are  most 
reliable.  The  reader,  therefore,  may  find  dates  not  always  agreeing  with 
those  of  other  writers,  and,  perhaps,  opinions  of  persons  and  their  move- 
ments not  at  all  times  coinciding  with  those  already  formed.  French 
writers  and  English  writers,  treating  of  the  same  events  or  individuals, 
may  be  carried  away  by  enthusiasm,  or  be  influenced  by  prejudice,  — 
a  remarkable  instance  of  which  will  be  given  in  the  respective  views  of 
M.  Moreau  and  James  Hannay  in  their  summing  up  of  the  character 
of  D'Aulnay. 

No  French  writer  of  *\e  seventeenth  century  may  be  more  fully 
trusted  than  Champlain,  who  united  to  his  wonderful  skill  as  a  navigator 


SAMUEL  DE  CHAM  PLAIN.  103 

the  ability  to  describe  with  the  utmost  fidelity  and  precision  the  sea- 
coasts  and  countries  he  explored.  He  may  be  compared  with  Rome's 
great  general,  the  accounts  of  whose  brilliant  campaigns  were  written  by 
himself  upon  the  fields  where  he  won  his  victories,  and  which,  nearly 
two  thousand  years  aftenvard,  are  admired  for  their  fulness  of  detail  and 
elegance  of  style. 

Samuel  de  Champlain,  son  of  Antoine  de  Champlain,  a  sea-captain, 
was  born  at  Brouage,  near  Rochelle,  about  1567.  Brouage  was  the 
centre  of  a  district  extensively  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  salt  by 
the  evaporation  of  sea-water.  In  hii  youth,  Champlain  had  considerable 
experience  in  the  coasting-trade  in  vessels  employed  in  distributing  salt 
along  the  coast  of  France  and  other  Continental  countries,  as  well  as  to 
English  ports.  Late  in  life,  when  addressing  the  Queen  of  France,  he 
said,  "  This  is  the  art  which  in  my  early  years  won  my  love,  and  has 
induced  me  to  expose  myself  to  the  tempestuous  waves  of  the  ocean." 

In  1599  Champlain  was  placed  in  command  of  the  French  ship 
St.  jfuliaiif  of  five  hundred  tons,  chartered  by  the  Spanish  for  an 
expedition  to  America ;  and,  accompanied  by  a  fleet,  he  sailed  for 
the  West  Indies  in  January,  1599.  On  arrival  at  Porto  Rico,  the 
fleet  was  separated  into  three  divisions ;  Champlain  visiting  many  of 
the  islands,  and  at  length  the  continent.  He  harbored  at  Vera  Cruz, 
whence  he  proceeded  to  the  city  of  Mexico,  remaining  there  a  month. 
Eventually,  the  fleet,  according  to  agreement,  met  at  Havana,  whence 
they  sailed  for  Spain,  arriving  there  in  March,  1601. 

Champlain,  who  was  styled  Geographer  of  the  King,  prepared  an 
elaborate  report  of  the  expedition  with  sixty-two  illustrations,  which 
remained  in  manuscript  two  hundred  and  fifty-seven  years.  In  1859  it 
was  translated  and  printed  in  London.  In  this  report,  Champlain  sug- 
gested a  canal  across  the  Isthmus  of  Panama  in  words  of  the  following 
purport :  •'  One  might  judge,  if  the  territory,  four  leagues  in  extent, 
lying  between  Panama  and  the  Chagres  River,  were  cut  through,  he 
could  pass  from  the  South  Sea  to  that  on  the  other  side,  and  thus 
shorten  the  route  by  more  than  fifteen  hundred  leagues.  From  Panama 
to  the  Straits  of  Magellan  would  constitute  an  island,  and  from  Panama 
to  Newfoundland  another,  so  that  the  whole  of  America  would  be  in 
two  islands." 


I04  MAROi'IS  I)E   LA    RoCHIl. 

1598. — The  first  attempt  to  colonize  Nova  Scotia  was  made  by 
the  French  in  1598.  The  Marquis  de  La  Roche,  a  nobleman  of 
Hrittany,  obtained  a  royal  commission  with  exclusive  powers  of  gov- 
ernment and  trade.  He  fitted  out  a  small  vessel  with  a  crew  of  sixty 
men,  forty  of  whom  were  convicts  gathered  out  of  the  prisons  of 
France,  and  sailed  for  the  northern  coasts  of  America.  The  first 
land  he  made  was  Sable  Island ;  and,  having  there  landed  the  cunvicts, 
he  proceeded  to  reconnoitre  the  coasts  of  Nova  Scotia,  for  the  purpose 
of  selecting  a  location  for  his  intended  settlement.  But  a  furious 
gale,  continuing  ten  or  twelve  days,  drove  him  off  the  coast ;  and, 
either  from  necessity  or  design,  he  returned  to  France,  abandoning 
the  forty  men  left  on  Sable  Island.  He  landed  at  Brittany,  when 
the  governor  of  the  province  put  him  in  prison  :  why,  history  does 
not  say.  And,  though  the  manjuis  was  soon  released,  he  did  not 
return  to  Nova  Scotia ;  and  five  years  afterward,  when  a  vessel  was 
sent  to  rescue  the  men  left  on  Sable  Island,  only  twelve  remained 
alive. 

1603.  —  A  Huguenot  gentleman,  Pierre  du  Ouast,  Sieur  de  Monts, 
Governor  of  Pons  in  Saintonage,  wlio  for  recreation  had  made  a 
voyage  to  the  St.  Lawrence  several  years  before,  obtained  from  Henry 
IV.  a  charter,  constituting  him  king's  lieutenant  in  L'.Acadie,  with  all 
necessary  powers  for  a  colonial  settlement.  His  grant  covered  the 
whole  territory  between  the  fortieth  and  forty-sixth  degrees  of  north 
latitude.  He  secured  in  addition  the  exclusive  right  of  trade  in  the 
region  of  the  Gulf  and  River  St.  Lawrence. 

1604.  —  Early  in  .April,  he  had  gathered  together  about  a  hundred 
and  twenty  artisans  of  all  trades,  who  were  embarked  in  two  ships,  — 
one  of  120  tons,  commanded  by  Capt.  Morel,  and  under  the  direc- 
tion of  Sieur  de  Pont  (irav^,  a  rich  merchant  of  Honfleur,  who  had 
already  been  engaged  in  the  St.  Lawrence  fur-trade ;  the  other,  a  ship 
of  150  tons,  in  which  De  Monts  himself  embarked  with  several  noble- 
men and  gentlemen,  and  with  Capt.  Timoth^e  of  Havre  de  Grace  as 
commaiv  r.  De  Monts  invited  Champlain  to  accompany  him,  to 
which  the  king  consented  on  condition  that  he  should  prepare  a 
faithful  report  of  his  observations  and  discoveries.  Jean  de  Bie  icourt, 
Baron  de  Poutrincourt,  and  Louis  Hebert,  an,  apothecary  irom  Paris, 


DE   MOXTS  AND   POUTRL\CVCRT.  105 

sailed  with  De  Monts,  vvlio  left  Havre  on  April  7,  tlie  other  ship 
following  in  three  days,  to  meet  at  ("anseau.  IJut  having  taken  a 
more  southerly  course  than  first  intended,  on  May  8  De  Monts 
made  the  Nova  Scotia  coast,  and  anchored  at  La  Heve,  so  named 
from  a  high,  rocky  bluff  a  little  north  of  Havre  de  Grace,  known  as 
Cape  de  la  Heve.  The  word  IIcvc  seems  to  have  a  local  meaning, 
as  may  be  inferred  from  the  following  excerpt:  "A  name  in  I-ower 
Normandy  for  cliffs  hollowed  out  below  where  fishermen  search  for 
crabs"  (Littre). 

On  May  12  the  ship  \i\\\.  in  at  Liverpool  Harl)or,  where  they 
found  (.afjt.  Rossignol  of  Havrj  carrying  on  a  contraband  trade  with 
the  Indians.  De  Monts  arrested  the  captain,  and  confiscated  his 
vessel,  by  way  of  compensation  naming  the  harbor  Port  Rossignol. 
The  next  day  they  anchored  at  Port  Mouton,  where  they  lingered 
for  a  few  weeks  awaiting  tit  ^^s  from  I'ont  Cirave,  who  had  in  the 
mean  time  arrived  at  (Janseau,  the  rendezvous  agreed  upon.  Here 
he  found  some  Basque  ships  engaged  in  the  fur-trade  with  the  Indians, 
which  he  seized,  and  sent  the  caj)tains  to  De  Monts.  The  vessels 
were  confiscated,  and  sent  to  Rochelle. 

The  vessel  which  had  been  taken  from  Capt.  Rossignol  was 
despatched  to  Canseau  to  i)ring  the  supplies  Pont  (Irave's  ship  carried, 
which  lx;ing  transferred,  I'ont  (irave  proceeded  through  the  Straits  of 
Canseau  to  the  St.  Lawrence  to  trade  with  the  Indians. 

In  the  mean  time,  Champlain,  in  a  vessel  of  eight  tons,  with 
.M.  Simon,  a  miner,  and  ten  men,  had  been  sent  to  reconnoitre  the 
coast  towards  the  west.  Touching  at  several  points  along  the  coast, 
they  doubled  Cape  Sable,  visited  the  Seal  Islands  and  the  islands  in 
Argyle  Sound,  and  explored  the  Tusket  Islands,  where  Champlain 
made  himself  familiar  with  the  dangerous  ledges  and  rapid  currents. 
He  put  in  at  Yarmouth  Harbor,  which  he  describes  as  "  verj'  con- 
venient for  vessels  at  its  entrance ;  but  its  remoter  part  is  entirely  dry 
at  low  tide,  except  the  channel  of  a  little  stream  completely  bordered 
by  meadows,  which  make  the  place  very  pleasant.  There  is  good 
rod-fishing  near  the  harbor." 

Proceeding  on  his  voyage,  Champlain  next  explored  St.  Mary's 
liay,  where  Smion  discovered  "  several  mines  of  both  silver  and  iron." 


I06  DE  MOyTS  A.XD  POUTRINCOURT. 

He  then  returned  to  Port  Mouton,  and  gave  De  Monts  a  careful  and 
minute  account  of  his  discoveries. 

De  Monts  immediately  proceeded  to  St.  Mary's  Bay,  where  he  left 
his  ship ;  and  in  a  small  vessel  .with  Champlain,  Poutrincourt,  Simon, 
and  others,  he  proceeded  to  explore  the  Bay  of  Fundy.  They  entered 
and  examined  Annapolis  Basin ;  then,  coasting  along  the  north-western 
shores  of  Nova  Scotia,  they  entered  the  Basin  of  Mines.  They  next 
proceeded  to  the  head  of  the  Bay  of  Fundy,  and,  skirting  the  south- 
eastern coast  of  New  Brunswick,  visited  St.  John  Harbor,  and  finally 
passed  up  Passamaquoddy  Bay  to  the  mouth  of  the  River  St.  Croix, 
selecting  De  Monts'  Island  as  the  site  for  the  colony.  The  ship  and 
•:he  colonists  at  St.  Mary's  Bay  were  ordered  to  join  them,  and  Cham- 
plain  was  instructed  to  design  and  lay  out  a  plan  for  the  town.  On 
Aug.  31,  1604,  the  vessel  which  had  brought  out  the  colony,  and  the 
one  taken  from  Capt.  Rossigncl,  sailed  for  France,  Poutrincourt  going 
with  them  for  re-enforcements  and  supplies. 

1605.  —  Having  wintered  at  St.  Croix,  they  concluded  the  shores 
of  the  Annapolis  Basin  were  preferable  for  a  setdement ;  and  in  August 
the  colony  abandoned  St.  Croix,  and  removed  to  Port  Royal,  most 
of  their  buildings  being  taken  down  and  carried  there.  Champlain 
and  Pont  Grave  were  sent  forward  to  select  a  place  for  the  colony ; 
the  site  chosen  being  on  the  north  side  of  the  basin  opposite  Goat 
Island,  near  the  present  site  of  Lower  Granville.  The  dwellings  v^re 
arranged  in  the  form  of  a  quadrangle  with  an  open  court  in  the 
centre,  while  gardens  and  pleasure-grounds  were  laid  out  by  Champlain 
in  the  in.mediate  vicinity. 

Poutrincourt  not  having  returned,  in  the  fall  De  Monts  sailed  for 
France  for  supplies,  leaving  Pont  Grave  and  Champlain  at  Port  Royal ;  it 
being  agreed  that  if  he  did  not  return  by  the  middle  of  July  following, 
Pont  GravtJ  should  make  arrangements  for  the  return  of  the  colony  to 
France  by  the  fishing-vessels  to  be  found  on  the  Grand  Banks.  During 
the  winter  the  little  colony  suffered  much  from  sickness  and  unac- 
customed privations ;  and  De  Monts  not  returning  as  expected,  the 
whole  colony,  on  July  17,  1606,  set  sail  in  two  barks,  and  proceeded 
for  Cape  Breton. 

But  De  Monts  had  not  been  remiss.     He  had  despatched  a  vessel 


DE  MONTS  AND  POUTRIXCOURT.  10/ 

of  a  hundred  and  fifty  tons,  called  the  Jonas,  w  i  fifty  men,  and 
ample  supplies  for  the  approaching  winter.  While  Pont  Grav^  and 
Champlain  with  their  two  vessels  and  the  retreating  colony  had  run  into 
Yarmouth  Harbor  for  repairs,  the  Jonas  passed  unobserved,  and  at 
length  anchored  before  the  deserted  settlement  at  Port  Royal.  A  boat 
was  at  once  despatched  from  the  Jonas  to  reconnoitre  the  inlets  along 
the  coast,  and  fortunately  intercepted  the  departing  colony  near  Cape 
Sable,  when  they  joyfully  returned  to  Port  Royal. 

Poutrincourt,  appointed  lieutenant-governor  of  L'Acadie,  had  re- 
turned in  the  Jonas;  and  with  him  came  Marc  Lescarbot,  a  young 
attorney,  who  had  already  distinguished  himself  as  an  author.  Poutrin- 
couri:  at  once  set  about  restoring  order  at  Port  Royal ;  and  soon  after 
the  Jonas  was  unloaded,  Pont  Grav6,  and  many  of  those  who  with  him 
had  experienced  the  hardships  of  the  preceding  winter,  departed  in  hei 
for  France. 

Although  the  season  was  late,  Poutrincourt  sent  some  farmers  and 
gardeners  five  miles  up  the  river,  to  the  site  of  the  present  town  of 
Annapolis,  to  test  the  s^  J,  which  was  there  free  from  stone,  by  planting  a 
great  variety  of  seeds ;  and  the  plants  were  found  to  grow  with  great 
luxuriance,  though  the  season  was  too  late  for  them  to  mature.  On  a 
former  visit  to  Port  Royal,  Poutrincourt  had  conceived  a  great  admira- 
tion for  the  Annapolis  basin,  the  protected  situation  of  the  lands,  the 
fine  scenery,  and  the  rich  soil.  He  had  a  strong  desire  to  bring  his 
family  there,  ind  make  it  his  permanent  abode;  and  with  this  view  he. 
had  received  from  De  Monts  a  grant  of  the  region,  and  his  title  to  it  had 
been  confirmed  by  Henry  IV. 

But  De  Monts  wished  lo  plant  his  colony  in  a  milder  climate,  and 
he  had  enjoined  on  Poutrincourt  to  continue  the  explorations  for  a  site 
still  farther  south.  Accordingly,  on  Sept.  5,  1606,  Poutrincourt  and 
Champlain,  in  a  vessel  of  eighteen  tons,  sailed  from  Port  Royal.  They 
visited  St.  Croix ;  Cape  Ann,  whose  chief  harbor,  now  Gloucester,  they 
named  Beauport ;  passed  Cape  Cod,  and  explored  the  islands  of  Vine- 
yard Sound,  and  then  touched  at  Wood's  HoU,  whence  they  returned  to 
Port  Royal,  arriving  there  on  Nov.  14.  This  voyage  ended  Champlain's 
explorations  of  the  Southern  Acadian  coasts. 


I08  AfAKC  LE  SCAR  EOT. 

1607.  —  In  May  the  Jonas  returned  from  France,  and  brought 
intelligence,  that  owing  to  the  influence  of  the  fur-traders,  whose  vessels 
and  cargoes  had  been  seized,  P/e  Monts  had  been  deprived  of  his 
monopoly.  This  was  a  great  -disappointment  to  the  colony  at  Port 
Royal,  for  that  had  been  their  chief  reliance  for  the  reimbursement  of 
the  heavy  expenses  already  incurred.  Poutrincourt  was  compelled  to 
break  up  the  colony.  The  main  portion  left  Port  Royal  on  July  30, 
with  orders  to  call  at  Canseau.  Poutrincourt  remained  until  Aug.  11,  to 
await  the  ripening  of  the  grain,  a  sample  of  which  he  wished  to  present 
to  the  French  king.  They  finally  sailed  from  Canseau  on  Sept.  3.  On 
the  26th  they  made  the  coast  of  Cornwall,  and  on  Sept.  30  arrived  at 
St.  Malo. 

Lescarbot  says,  Port  Royal  was  so  called  '■'■pour  sa  deaitte,'"  and  the 
River  St.  John  because  they  arrived  there  on  June  24,  the  festival  of  St. 
Jean-Baptiste.  He  writes,  "  lis  entrerent  en  ladite  Baye  Saincte-Marie 
par  un  passage  etroit  qui  est  entre  la  terre  du  Port  Royal  et  u!ie  lie  dite 
LTle  Longue."  This  was  written  in  1606,  and  it  is  the  oldest  historical 
reference  to  Long  Island  and  the  Petite  Passage.  He  writes,  "  Bien  est 
vray  qu'il  y  a  quelques  autres  bancs,  qu'on  appelle  Banquereau  et  le 
Banc  Jacquet,  mais  ils  sont  separez  du  Grand  Banc  de  Terre-Neuve." 
It  seems  there  was  fog  about  the  coasts  in  those  days  ;  for  Lescarbot  says, 
"  We  passed  the  entrance  to  Port  Royal  the  first  day,  and  the  next  day 
the  fog  overspread  the  sea  and  encompassed  us  for  eight  days,  during 
which  it  was  as  much  as  we  could  do  to  reach  Cape  Sable,  vyhich  we  did 
not  see."  —  "  We  arrived  at  a  port  four  leagues  from  Campseau,  where  a 
good  old  man  from  St.  Jean  de  Lus,  named  Capt.  Savalet,  was  engaged 
in  fishing.  He  received  us  with  all  the  courtesy  in  the  world.  The 
Port,  which  is  a  small  but  good  one,  having  no  name,  I  have  given  it 
the  name  Savalet  upon  my  geographical  chart.  The  good  man  told  us 
this  was  his  forty-second  voyage.  He  was  wonderfully  satisfied  with  his 
fishery ;  he  told  us  he  made  fifty  crowns  a  day,  and  that  his  voyage 
would  be  worth  10,000  francs.  He  had  16  hired  men;  his  vessel  was 
80  tons,  and  would  carry  100,000  dried  codfish." 

1609.  —  Le  Sieur  de  Poutrincourt  still  held  his  proprietary  rights  at 
Port  Royal,  and  in  the  autumn  of  this  year  he  resolved  to  return  and 
make  another  effort  to  establish  a  colony.     He  procured  a  small  vessel. 


DEATH  OF  FOUTRINCOURT.  109 

and  loaded  lier  to  the  water's  edge  with  merchandise,  provisions,  and 
military  stores  (she  was  so  deeply  laden,  says  Lescarbot,  that  from  her 
deck  they  could  wash  their  hands  in  the  sea)  ;  and  he  sailed  from  Dieppe 
on  Feb.  26,  16 10.  Poutrincourt  was  accompanied  by  a  number  of 
influential  persons,  and  by  his  eldest  son,  Charles  de  Biencourt.  It  is 
believed  that  in  this  vessel  came  also  Claude  Turgis  de  Saint  Etienne, 
Sieur  de  La  Tour,  a  French  Huguenot,  allied  to  the  noble  house  of 
de  Bouillon,  who  had  lost  the  greater  part  of  their  estates  in  the  civil  war. 
His  son,  Charles  de  La  Tcur,  a  boy  of  fourteen  years,  came  with  him. 

1610.  — The  weather  was  tempestuous,  and  the  winds  adverse.  They 
ran  off  to  the  southward,  and  met  calms  they  thought  worse  than  tem- 
pests. On  May  1 1  they  got  soundings  on  the  Banks  ;  and,  still  pursuing 
a  southerly  course  to  avoid  th_  relds  of  ice,  they  arrived  at  Pentagoet  at 
the  mouth  of  the  Penobscot.  ;.  Jinainii.r  there  a  few  days  to  refit  and 
recruit,  they  proceeded  along  the  coast,  touching  at  St.  Croix,  and  on 
June  30  arrived  at  Port  Royal,  where  they  were  joyfully  welcomed  by 
the  Indians. 

Three  weeks  afterward,  Poutrincourt  sent  the  vessel  with  his  son 
Charles  back  to  France  for  further  supplies,  and  with  instructions  for  his 
immediate  return.  Charles  arrived  at  Dieppe  on  Aug.  21,  to  learn  that 
their  great  friend  and  patron,  Henry  IV.,  had  been  assassinated  three 
months  before.  This  unfortunate  event  delayed  his  departure.  He 
sailed  from  Dieppe  in  a  vessel  of  fifty  tons,  on  Jan.  26,  161 1  ;  but  meet- 
ing adverse  winds,  he  put  in  at  an  English  port,  where  he  was  detained 
till  Feb.  16.  On  April  19  he  arrived  on  the  Grand  Banks;  and  on  the 
29th,  off  Canseau,  he  ran  among  fields  and  mountains  of  ice  twelve 
leagues  in  length.  On  May  21  he  arrived  at  Port  Royal,  having  mean- 
while called  at  Canseau. 

161 1.  —  In  July,  Poutrincourt  himself  returned  to  France,  leaving 
his  son  Charles  de  Biencourt  in  charge  of  the  colony,  which  con- 
sisted then  of  only  twenty-two  persons  besides  two  Jesuit  missionaries. 
Poutrincourt  did  not  return  to  Port  Royal.  He  entered  the  service  of 
the  king,  and  was  killed  at  th°  s''ege  cf  Mery-sur-Seine  in  1615. 

1613.  —  The  little  colony  prosuer'-d  until  1613,  when  it  was  broken 
up  by  an  expedition  under  the  pirate  Argall  from  the  London  colony  in 
Virginia.     But  (says  Hannay)  Charles  de  Biencourt  refused  to  abandon 


no  SIR    WILLIAM  ALEXANDER. 

the  colony,  and,  with  a  few  chosen  companions,  maintained  himself  there 
for  the  remainder  of  his  life.  One  of  the  friends  who  shared  his  exile 
was  Charles  de  La  Tour.  Sometimes  they  lived  with  the  Indians,  some- 
times at  Port  Royal ;  but  of  their  adventures,  little  is  known.  Biencourt 
died  in  1623,  when  he  bequeathed  to  Charies  de  La  Tour  his  rights  at 
Port  Royal,  and  appointed  him  his  successor  in  the  government  of 
the  colony.  Claude  de  La  Tour  continued  at  Port  Royal  until  the 
attack  of  Argall,  when  he  established  a  traJing-post  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Penobscot,  which  the  English  from  Massachusetts  took  from  him  in 
1623. 

1621.  —  On  Aug.  5,  1621,  James  L  of  Great  Britain  granted  to  Sir 
William  Alexander  the  lands  lying  between  the  Massachusetts  Colony 
and  Newfoundland.     The  charter  was  issued  Sept.  10. 

1622.  —  In  March,  Sir  William  Alexander  provided  a  ship  at  London, 
which  he  sent  round  to  Kirkcudbright  where  he  hoped  to  recruit  a  body 
of  emigrants.  The  inducements  held  out  were  inconsiderable.  Pur- 
chasers of  land  only  were  to  have  a  right  in  the  soil.  Farmers  might 
obtain  leases.  Artisans  were  to  receive  free  holdings,  but  during  their 
lifetime  only.  None  possessing  ordinary  comforts  at  home  were  likely  to 
incur  the  risk  of  emigrating  to  unexplored  wastes  on  inducements  so 
meagre.  Only  one  artisan,  a  blacksmith,  and  one  educated  person,  —  a 
Presbyterian  minister, — consented  to  join  the  expedition.  The  other 
emigrants  were  laborers  of  the  lowest  grade. 

The  vessel  sailed  in  August,  1622  ;  made  Newfoundland,  and  pro- 
ceeded for  Cape  Breton,  but  was  driven  back  to  Newfoundland  in  a 
storm.  There  they  resolved  to  pass  the  winter  while  the  vessel  was 
despatched  to  London  for  fresh  supplies. 

1623.  —  On  June  5  the  ship  St.  Luke  arrived  at  St.  John's  with 
additional  colonists  and  supplies.  Meanwhile  the  minister  and  black- 
smith had  died,  and  the  others  were  earning  a  scanty  subsistence  as 
fishermen.  On  June  23  they  sailed  from  St.  John's ;  but,  impeded  by 
fogs  and  contrary  winds,  they  did  not  see  the  land  for  two  weeks.  They 
then  sailed  along  the  coast,  which  they  partially  surveyed.  Reaching 
Port  Mouton,  they  discovered  in  its  vicinity  three  harbors,  in  one  of 
which,  four  leagues  west  of  Port  Mouton,  they  landed,  naming  the  place 
St.  Luke's  Bay.    Two  leagues  farther  on  they  found  another  harbor  wit!i 


S/A'   CLAUDE   DE   LA    TOLR.  Ill 

a  fine  river,  known  as  Port  Hebert  (named  for  De  Monts'  apothecary. 
Louis  Hebert).  Having  cruised  twelve  leagues  fartiier,  they  terminated 
their  explorations  at  Port  Xegro.  On  their  return  they  further  examined 
Port  Mouton,  and  then  hastened  to  Newfoundland.  There  the  St.  Luke 
shii)ped  a  cargo  of  fish  for  the  home-voyage ;  and.  finding  other 
vessels,  the  explorers  returned  to  England. 

1625. — About  this  time  Charles  de  La  Tour  married  a  Huguenot 
lady :  but  of  her  family,  or  how  she  came  to  Nova  Scotia,  history  has  no 
record.  But  she  was  a  lady  of  euiinent  ability,  and  she  now  holds  rank 
among  the  heroines  of  history.  Soon  after  his  marriage,  Charles  de  La 
Tour  removed  from  Port  Royal  to  Port  La  Tour,  where  he  built  a  fort. 
He  was  living  there  in  1627,  when  war  again  broke  out  between  France 
and  England ;  and  by  his  father  Claude,  who  was  returning  to  France, 
he  addressed  a  memorial  to  the  French  king,  asking  for  aid  in  defending 
Acadia  against  the  English.  The  king  granted  the  request,  and  fitted 
out  several  vessels  under  the  command  of  Roquemont  and  Claude  de  La 
Tour ;  but  just  as  they  reached  the  shores  of  Nova  Scotia,  they  were 
captured  by  an  English  force  under  the  command  of  Sir  David  Kirk, 
a  French  Protestant ;  and  La  Tour  was  sent  a  prisoner  to  England.  He 
was,  however,  soon  released,  and  made  the  acquaintance  of  Sir  \Mlliam 
.Alexander. 

1628. — In  this  year,  Sir  William  Alexander  the  younger  was  intro- 
duced to  court,  knighted,  and  constituted  knight-admiral  of  Nova 
Scotia.  About  the  end  of  March,  with  a  fleet  of  five  vessels  and  seventy 
colonists  he  left  Scotland,  and  all  arrived  safely  at  Port  Royal.  Soon 
afterward  Sir  ^^'illiam  Alexander  returned  to  England,  leavins:  the 
seventy  colonists  at  Port  Royal ;  and  on  his  return  the  next  summer,  he 
found  that  thirty  had  died,  and  that  the  prospects  of  the  colony  were  not 
satisfactory. 

1629.  —  In  the  autumn  of  this  year  Claude  de  La  Tour  was  intro- 
duced to  the  English  court,  and  married  as  his  second  wife  one  of  the 
Queen's  maids  of  honor.  On  Nov.  30  he  received  a  patent  as  a 
baronet  of  Nova  Scotia;  and,  on  the  payment  of  a  sum  of  money, 
he  obtained  from  Sir  William  Alexander  a  grant  of  the  western  part 
of  what  is  now  Nova  Scotia,  extending  from  the  River  Avon  on  the 
north  coast  to  Margaret's  Bay  on  the   south.     When  accepting   these 


112  GOVERXOR    ir/XTHROr. 

lands  and  title,  Sir  Claude  bound  himself  to  become  a  good  and  taithful 
subject  of  the  British  sovereign.  In  May,  1630,  he  sailed  for  Nova 
Scotia,  and  at  length  harbored  at  Port  La  Tour. 

To  his  son  Charles  de  La  Tour,  who  commanded  the  French  garri- 
son there,  he  bore  a  patent  of  baronetcy,  with  a  commission  authorizing 
his  continuance  in  office  on  his  submitting  to  British  rule.  Indignant  at 
an  offer  which  implieJ  treachery  10  nis  own  government,  Charles 
rejected  the  proposal,  and  offered  to  defend  th*^  fort  with  his  life. 
Returning  to  his  ships,  Sir  Claude  again  earnestly  entreated  his  son  to 
surrender.  Meeting  a  second  refusal,  Sir  Claude  landed  nis  men.  For 
two  days  he  vigorously  attacked  the  fort,  but  was  compelled  to  return  to 
his  ships.  Throwing  himself  on  the  clemency  of  his  son,  Sir  Claude 
and  his  wife  received  permission  to  reside  in  the  neighborhood,  but  were 
prohibited  from  entering  the  fort. 

Sir  Claude  de  La  Tour  afterwards  joined  the  Scotch  colony  at  Port 
Royal  under  the  care  of  Sir  William  Alexander  the  younger,  who  had 
built  a  fort  on  the  north  side  of  the  river  opposite  Goat  Island,  where  the 
first  French  settlement  had  been  made  in  1 604. 

1630. — On  Dec.  21,  1620,  the  Mayflower  with  the  "Pilgrims," 
loi  in  number,  arrived  at  Plymouth  Bay,  Massachusetts.  In  1629 
a  colony  of  400  "  Puritans "  arrived  from  England,  and  founded 
the  town  of  Salem ;  and  the  next  year  there  came  about  1,000  more 
with  John  Winthrop  at  their  head,  and  these  soon  afterward  settled 
Boston,  Roxbury,  and  the  adjacent  towns. 

John  Winthrop,  appointed  first  governor  of  the  Massachusetts  Colony, 
and  bearing  the  charter  from  the  British  Government,  sailed  from 
Yarmouth,  Isle  of  Wight,  on  April  8,  1630,  in  the  ship  Ari-''^ella,  of 
350  tons.  He  was  accompanied  by  three  other  ships,  the  Talbot, 
Ambrose,  and  yewel.  On  June  6  they  sighted  Cape  Sable  ;  and  on 
the  8th,  Mount  Desert.  Off  Cape  Ann,  on  June  12,  they  were  met 
by  a  shallop  to  escort  them  to  Salem,  having  on  board  Mr.  Endicott, 
afterward  governor,  Mr.  Skelton,  and  Capt.  Lovett,  said  to  be  the 
ancestor  of  the  Lovetts  of  Beverly,  to  which  family  belonged  the 
Andrew  Lovitt  who  came  to  Yarmouth  in  1765.  Gov.  Winthrop's 
diary,  from  which  some  literal  extracts  will  be  presently  given,  mentions 
Edward  and  William  Hilton  as  among  the  first  settlers  of  Portsmouth, 
N.H.,  in  1632.' 


GOVERNOR  LA  UNO  V  DE  RAZILLY.  II3 

1631.  —  Acadia  was  restored  to  F"rance,  and  Sir  William  Alexander 
received  intructions  from  Charles  I.  to  destroy  the  fort  at  Port  Royal, 
and  abandon  the  place  to  the  French,  In  the  same  year  Charles  de  La 
Tour  was  appointed  lieutenant-general.  He  invited  his  father  to  Port 
La  Tour,  where  he  built  a  house  for  him,  an  invitation  Sir  Claude 
accepted. 

1632.  —  Isaac  de  Launoy  de  Razilly,  of  an  ancient  and  noble  family 
of  Touraine,  and  a  relative  of  Cardinal  Richelieu,  was  sent  out  to  take 
command  of  Acadia.  He  brought  forty  families  to  engage  in  agricul- 
ture and  the  fisheries.  He  went  first  to  Port  Royal,  but  afterward 
established  his  colony  at  La  Heve  to  be  nearer  the  fishing-grounds.  He 
was  accompanied  by  two  men  who  were  associated  with  him  in  the 
enterprise.  The  one,  Charles  de  Menou,  Seigneur  D'Aulnay,  belonged 
to  one  of  the  noble  families  of  Bas-Berry,  and  was  a  relative  of  Razilly  : 
the  other,  Nicolas  Denys,  was  an  enterprising  merchant,  who  had  joined 
the  expedition  in  order  to  study  the  resources  of  the  country,  and 
supervise  the  agricultural  operations  of  the  colony.  The  colonists  soon 
discovered  ihat  to  prepare  for  cultivation  the  forest-lands  at  La  Heve 
was  a  tedious  process,  and  that  the  fisheries  yielded  quicker  returns. 
Lescarbot  had  written,  though  in  another  connection,  near  thirty 
years  before,  "  Cette  chasse  est  beaucoup  plus  certaine  que  celle 
des  bois." 

1632,  Jan.  17.  —  "The  governour  having  intelligence  from  the  east 
that  the  French  had  bought  the  Scottish  Plantations  near  Cape  Sable, 
and  that  the  fort  and  all  the  ammunition  were  delivered  to  them,  and 
that  the  cardinal,  having  the  managing  thereof,  had  sent  some  companies 
already,  and  preparations  were  made  to  send  many  more  the  next  year, 
and  divers  priests  and  Jesuits  among  them,  called  the  chief  men  to 
Boston  to  advise  what  was  to  be  done  for  our  safety,  in  regard  the 
French  were  likely  to  prove  ill  neighbours,  being  Papists,  at  which 
meeting  it  was  agreed  that  a  fort  should  be  forthwith  begun  at  Natascott, 
and  that  the  fort  in  Boston  should  be  finished."     (Winthrop's  Diary.) 

March  26.  —  "  Two  little  girls  of  the  governour's  family  were  sitting 
under  a  great  heap  of  logs,  plucking  of  birds,  and  the  wind  driving  the 
feathers  into  the  house,  the  governour's  wife  caused  them  to  remove 

'  Appendix  J. 


114  GOVERNOR  D'AULNAY. 

away.  They  were  no  sooner  gone,  but  the  whole  heap  of  logs  fell  down 
in  the  place,  and  had  crushed  them  to  death,  if  the  Lord,  in  his  special 
providence,  had  not  delivered  them." 

July  2.  —  "At  a  court  it  was  agreed  that  the  governour  John  VVin- 
throp  should  have  toward  his  charges  this  year  ^150." 

Aug.  6.  — "  Two  men  servants  to  one  Moodye,'  ot  Roxbury, 
returning  in  a  boat  from  the  windmill,  struck  upon  the  oyster  bank. 
They  went  out  to  gather  oysters  and  not  making  fast  their  boat,  when 
the  flood  came  it  floated  away  and  they  both  were  drowned,  although 
they  might  have  waded  out  on  either  side  ;  but  it  was  an  evident  judg- 
ment of  God  upon  them,  for  they  were  wicked  persons.  One  of  them 
a  little  before  being  reproved  for  his  lewdness  and  put  in  mind  of  hell, 
answered,  that  if  hell  were  ten  times  hotter  he  would  rather  be  there 
than  he  would  serve  his  master.  The  occasion  was,  because  he  had 
bound  himself  for  three  years,  and  he  said  that,  if  he  had  been  at  liberty 
he  might  have  had  greater  wages,  though  otherwise  his  master  used  him 
very  well."     (Winthrop's  Diary.) 

1635.  —  Charles  de  La  Tour,  as  a  reward  for  his  fidelity,  received  a 
grant  of  territory  at  St.  John,  extending  five  leagues  on  the  river,  and 
twelve  leagues  into  the  country.  He  removed  to  St.  John,  and  built 
a  fort  there,  while  his  father  remained  at  Port  La  Tour. 

In  the  same  year  Razilly  died ;  and  D'Aulnay,  having  been  second 
in  command,  assumed  the  government  of  the  colony.  He  at  once 
removed  the  seat  of  government  to  Port  Royal,  taking  there  the  principal 
part  of  the  inhabitants  fi-om  La  Heve.  He  was  soon  after  joined  by 
twenty  more  families  from  France,  and  Port  Royal  then  became  the 
chief  settlement  of  Acadia. 

1638.  —  The  King  of  France,  by  letters-patent,  divided  Acadia 
between  Charles  de  La  Tour  and  D'Aulnay,  by  which  division  La  Tour 


'  After  the  capture  of  Louisburg  by  Lieut. -Gen.  Pepperell  in  1745,  "a  banquet  was  prepared 
by  Pepperell  for  the  officers  of  his  army.  Several  clergymen  were  present;  and  the  senior  of  them,  old 
Mr.  Moody  of  York,  the  uncle  of  Mrs.  Pepperell,  was  called  on  to  ask  a  blessing  at  the  feast.  The 
friends  of  Moody  felt  somewhat  anxious  lest  he  should  disgust  the  guests  by  a  prolix  performance,  such 
as  he  often  indulged  in;  but  his  te.nper  was  so  irritable  that  none  would  venture  to  suggest  to  him  that 
brevity  would  be  acceptable.  They  were  agreeably  disappointed  and  highly  gratified  by  his  saying 
grace  as  follows:  '  Good  Lord,  we  have  so  many  things  to  thank  thee  for,  that  time  would  be  infinitely 
too  short  to  do  it.  We  must  therefore  leave  it  for  the  work  of  eternity.  Bless  our  food  and  fellowship 
on  this  joyful  occasion,  for  the  sake  of  Christ  our  Lord.    Amer.' "     (Murdoch.) 


WIXTHROP'S  DIARY.  115 

was  to  have  the  country  from  the  middle  of  the  Bay  of  Fundy  to 
Canseau,  and  D'Aulnay  from  the  same  Une  west,  and  south  to  the  coast 
of  Virginia.  This  was  an  unfortunate  division  ;  for  D'Aulnay  was  at  the 
time  established  at  Port  Royal,  and  La  Tour  at  St.  John.  .\  different 
arrangement  was,  however,  subsetiuently  effected,  by  which  the  western 
and  northern  portion  was  given  to  La  Tour,  and  the  eastern  and  south- 
ern part  to  D'Aulnay  ;  the  dividing  line  being  at  Pentagoet,  at  the  mouth 
of  the  Penobscot  River. 

1640.  —  About  this  time  began  the  conllict  between  D'Aulnay  and 
Charles  de  La  Tour,  which  continued  until  the  death  of  the  former.  La 
Tour  had  entertained  the  hope  that  D'Aulnay  would  return  to  France, 
and  leave  him  in  sole  possession.  But  D'Aulnay  had  married  in  1638, 
and  by  that  event  La  Tour  perceived  he  intended  to  remain  in  the 
colony.  Early  in  1640,  La  Tour  attacked  and  captured  two  small 
vessels  belonging  to  D'Aulnay ;  and  the  latter,  having  strengthened  and 
provisioned  his  lort  at  Pentagoet,  then  under  the  command  of  his  lieu- 
tenant, Germain  Doucette,  soon  after  met,  and  after  a  lively  contest 
captured,  the  ship  of  La  Tour. 

Complaints  having  been  formally  made  against  La  Tour,  he  was 
summoned  to  France  to  appear  before  the  court,  orders  which  La  Tour 
declined  to  obey ;  and  D'Aulnay,  who  had  influential  friends  at  court, 
received  instructions  to  arrest  La  Tour,  whose  commission  was  revoked. 
But  it  was  easier  to  recall  La  Tour  than  to  arrest  him.  He  retired  to, 
and  strengthened,  his  fort  at  St.  John ;  and  D'Aulnay,  not  being  able 
to  besiege  the  fort,  himself  went  to  France  in  August. 

1 641.  — Returning  the  next  spring,  D'Aulnay  found  La  Tour  still  too 
strong  for  him,  he  being  aided  by  the  English  from  the  Massachusetts 
Colony. 

1641,  March  10.  —  "Monsieur  Rochett,  a  Protestant,  came  from 
Monsieur  La  Tour,  planted  upon  the  St.  John  River,  up  the  great  Bay 
on  this  side  Cape  Sable.     He  proposed  to  us  : 

"  I.  Liberty  of  free  commerce.     This  was  granted. 

"  2.  Assistance  against  D'Aulnay  of  Penobscott  whom  he  had  war  with. 

"  3.  That  he  might  make  return  of  goods  out  oi  England  by  our 
merchants.  .         .^  ^ 

—    "In  these  two  we  excused  any  treaty  with  him,  as  having  no  letter 
or  commission  from  La  Tour."      (Winthrop's  Diary.)  ^- 


Il6  U'lNTIIROr'S  DIARY. 

1642,  June  6.  —  "  Here  came  a  French  shallop  with  some  14  men, 
whereof  one  was  La  Tour's  Lieutenant.  They  brought  letters  from  La 
Tour  to  the  governour  full  of  complaints  and  desire  of  assistance  of  us 
against  D'Aulnay.  'I'hey  staid  here  about  a  week,  and  were  kindly 
entertained,  and  though  they  were  Papists,  yet  they  came  to  our  church 
meeting." 

1643,  April  12.  —  "Monsieur  La  Tour  arrived  here  in  a  ship  of 
140  tons  and  140  persons  from  Rochelle,  the  master  and  his  company 
being  Piotestants.  There  were  two  friars,  and  two  women  sent  to 
wait  Uj>on  La  Tour  his  lady.  He  told  the  governour  the  cause  of  his 
coming ;  that  his  ship  being  sent  out  from  France,  D'Aulnay,  his  old 
enemy,  had  so  blocked  up  the  river  to  his  fort  at  St.  John  with  two  ships 
and  a  galliot,  as  his  ship  could  not  get  in." 

A  conference  having  been  held,  "  the  governour  and  chief  magistrates 
thought  we  could  not  grant  him  aid  without  advice  of  the  other  com- 
missioners of  our  confederacy,  yet  we  thought  it  not  fit  to  hinder  any 
that  would  be  hired  to  aid  him.  Our  governour  and  others  in  the  town 
entertained  La  Tour  and  his  gentlemen  with  much  courtesy  both  in 
their  houses  and  at  table." 

May  14.  —  "  In  the  evening  La  Tour  took  ship,  the  governonr  and 
divers  the  chiefs  of  the  town  accompanying  him  to  his  boat.  There 
went  with  him  five  of  our  ships  and  a  pinnace.  He  hired  them  for  two 
months,  the  chief,  which  had  16  pieces  of  ordnance,  at  ;^20o  a  month, 
and  the  rest  proportionable.  The  owners  took  only  his  own  security 
for  their  pay.  He  entertained  also  about  70  soldiers  at  40/-  a  month, 
but  he  paid  them  something  in  hand."     (Winthrop's  Diary.) 

As  the  fleet  from  Boston  approached  St.  John,  D'Aulnay  discovered 
them,  and  set  sail  for  Port  Royal.  La  Tour  pursued  but  could  not 
overtake  D'Aulnay's  vessels.  La  Tour,  with  the  fleet  from  Boston, 
entered  the  Annapolis  Basin,  destroyed  some  property  of  the  colony, 
burned  their  mill,  and  killed  some  of  the  people,  in  which  work  the 
Boston  ships  participated.  They  then  went  to  St.  John,  where  they 
seized  D'Aulnay's  pinnace  which  had  just  come  down  the  river  loaded 
with  400  moose-skins  and  400  beaver-skins,  expecting  to  find  D'Aulnay 
there.  The  pinnace  and  \  of  the  peltry  went  to  La  Tour,  \  to  the 
Boston  vessels,  and  ^  to  their  men.  These  were  then  paid  for  their 
services,  and  returned  to  Boston. 


/ 1 VA  THROP  'S  DIA  A'V.  117 

1643.  June.  —  "About  the  20th  of  this  month  the  ships  which 
went  v/i»h  La  Tour  came  back  safe,  not  a  person  missing  or  sick.  But 
the  rep  jrt  of  their  actions  was  offensive  and  grievous  to  me." 

1644.  July  17.  —  "The  Lady  La  Tour  arrived  here  from  London 
in  a  ship  with  Captain  Bailey.  They  had  been  six  months  fron^ 
London,  having  spent  their  time  in  trading  about  Canada."  (Win- 
throp's  Diary.) 

.^t  Boston,  Madame  La  Tour  brought  an  action  against  Capt. 
Bailey  lor  delaying  the  voyage,  and  for  not  carrying  her  and  her 
property  to  St.  John  as  stipulated.  The  jury  gave  her  ^2,000 
damages,  in  settlement  whereof  the  cargo  of  Capt.  Bailey's  ship  was 
seized  under  an  execution.  It  consisted  of  "  meal,  peas,  and  trading 
stuff,  and  was  found  to  be  worth  ^i  100.  The  Lady  was  forced  to  give 
;^7oo  for  three  ships  to  carry  her  and  her  property  to  her  fort  at  St. 
John." 

1645.  —  D'Aulnay  lodged  a  formal  complaint  with  the  "General 
Court  "  of  the  Massachusetts  Colony,  against  the  aggressions  of  the 
Boston  ships,  and  proceedings  were  held  accordingly.  The  original 
articles  are  said  to  be  in  the  handwriting  of  Sir  Richard  Saltonstall ; 
and  they  are  signed  by  him  and  William  Hathorne,  presiding  officer 
of  the  General  Court. 

The  preamble  sets  forth,  — 

"  In  this  case  between  ourselves  of  this  jurisdiction  and  the  French, 
our  neighbours,  it  is  granted  on  all  hands  :  "  — 

Article  i.  —  Refers  to  De  La  Tour  and  D'.'Vulnay,  each  having  a 
fort,  arms,  and  ammunition,  etc. 

2.  —  Recites  that  "  Monsieur  de  Latere  was  a  Papist  when  he  first 
came  among  us,"  etc. 

3.  —  That,  "  Latore  craving  assistance,  our  Governour  gave  per- 
mission for  the  hiring  of  ships  and  men,"  etc. 

4. — That,  "In  this  expedition  with  doubtful  consequences,  there 
was  no  consultation  with  the  General  Court." 

5.  —  "The  true  state  of  the  case  between  Latore  and  Dony  was 
unknown  to  us ;  we  heard  Latore's  story  only,  and  had  nothing  else  to 
guide  us.     We  were  ignorant  which  of  the  two  was  most  at  fault." 

6.  — "  The   case   between   I-atore   and   Dony  did  not   concern  us 


1 1 8  WINTHROP  'S  D/A  R  K 

(themselves  being  Papists  and  subjects  of  the  King  of  France),  nor  were 
we  bound  by  any  rule  of  Scripture  to  help  Latore  (as  the  case  then 
stood),  for  we  did  not  know  that  he  was  in  danger  of  Monsieur  Dony 
(as  he  himself  pretended),  nor-  had  we  any  reason  to  rely  upon  his 
own  report,  especially  in  so  great  a  case,  considering  his  religion,  as 
also  that  he  had  a  very  able,  warlike  ship,  well-furnished,  and  at  his  own 
command,  besides  other  vessels  and  frigates  at  his  fort  and  elsewhere, 
which  forces  (being  compared  with  Monsieur  Dony's  at  that  time),  might 
have  made  it  a  just  question,  whether  Dony  had  not  more  cause  to 
stand  in  fear  of  him  than  he  had  of  Dony.  We  had  no  reason  to 
conceive  ourselves  bound  to  act  in  this  case,  for  we  could  not  duly  and 
rationally  conclude  Monsieur  Latore  to  be  as  that  man  who  fell  among 
thieves,  in  which  case  two  things  were  evident,  the  distress  of  the  party 
and  the  integrity  of  his  cause,  both  which,  as  they  then  concerned 
Latore,  were  very  dark  and  doubtful." 

7.  — "  Our  men  and  ships  hired  (as  aforesaid)  being  upon  this 
expedition,  and  not  far  from  Dony's  fort,  he  sent  respectfully  to  Capt. 
Hawkins,  signifying  the  many  outrages  and  injuries  that  he  had  sus- 
tained from  Latore,  notwithstanding  which  letter  and  the  declaration 
therein  contained,  our  men  being  landed,  killed  some  of  Dony's  men, 
burnt  his  mill,  killed  his  cattle,  great  and  small,  as  many  as  they  could 
meet  with,  took  his  pinnace  loaded  with  beaver-skins  'and  other  peltry, 
in  the  taking  of  which  pinnace  they  sorely  wounded  one  of  his  men, 
and  that  without  cause,  as  is  considered  by  some  who  were  there  and 
then  present.  This  beaver  and  peltry  being  brought  to  Boston  was 
sold  by  an  outcry  and  divided  among  the  soldiers." 

8.  —  "Our  men  and  ships  as  may  appear  by  sufficient  p. oof  might 
have  brought  Latore  in  safety  to  his  fort  (which  was  and  is  pretended 
to  have  been  his  only  aim),  without  any  opposition  from,  or  act  of 
hostility  against.  Monsieur  Dony."  .  -: 

9.  —  "Our  men  upon  their  return  were  very  ready  to  own  and 
ascribe  unto  themselves  the  killing  of  Dony's  men,  reporting  they  had 
killed  nine,  eleven,  or  more ;  which  argues  they  transgressed  a  command 
or  direction  given  to  the  contrary  by  such  as  did  especially  persuade 
and  prevail  with  them  to  undertake  the  service,"  etc.  (Winthrop's 
Diary.) 


DEATH  OF  D'AULNAY.  II9 

1645.  — "We  understand  that  La  Tour's  fort  at  St.  John  was  taken 
by  D'Aulnay  who  lost  twelve  men  and  had  many  wounded,  and  that  he 
killed  all  of  La  Tour's  men,  French  and  English.  La  Tour  valued  his 
jewels,  plate,  household,  and  other  moveables,  at  ;^io,ooo.  The  more 
was  his  folly  to  leave  so  great  substance  in  so  great  danger  when  he 
might  have  brought  the  most  of  it  to  Boston  whereby  he  might  have 
discharged  his  engagements  of  more  tl  .tn  ^^^3500  to  Major  Edward 
Gibbons  who  by  this  loss  was  now  quite  undone."  (Winthrop's 
Diary.) 

This  attack  of  D'Aulnay  upon  La  Tour's  fort  at  St.  John  was  made 
while  La  Tour  was  away  at  Boston  seeking  aid.  Madame  La  Tour,  a 
woman  of  great  energy  and  ambition,  who  commandea  in  her  husband's 
absence,  defended  the  fort  with  remarkable  ability  and  heroism,  and 
yielded  only  after  a  protracted  siege.  She  herself  died  only  three  weeks 
a  ;erward,  leaving  a  young  child,  which  was  sent  to  France. 

1647. — D'Aulnay,  who  had  theretofore  been  lieutenant-general, 
was  formally  appointed  governor  and  lieutenant-general  of  the  whole 
country,  from  the  St.  Lawrence  to  Virginia,  with  full  powers  by  land 
and  sea. 

1650.  —  Three  years  afterward,  on  May  24,  1650,  D'Aulnay  was 
found  dead  in  his  canoe  upon  one  of  the  rivers  near  Port  Royal. 
Apparently  he  had  been  drownea,  or  had  perished  from  cold  and  fatigue  ; 
but  whether  his  death  was  occasioned  by  accident  or  design,  was  never 
known.  His  canoe  was  upset ;  and  his  body,  half  buried  in  the  water, 
was  found  entangled  with  the  buoys  of  the  canoe. 

Says  James  Hannay  in  his  "  History  of  Acadia,"  published  at  St. 
John  in  1879,  "  D'Aulnay  was  constantly  supported  by  the  French  king. 
In  1650  he  was  drowned  at  Port  Royal.  Neither  history  nor  tradition 
gives  us  any  further  particulars  of  his  fate  than  are  contained  in  these  few 
words.  He  had  been  hard  and  cruel  and  revengeful.  He  had  shown 
himself  to  be  destitute  of  pity  for  his  kind.  No  generous  thought  for 
his  enemies  had  ever  found  a  place  in  his  heart." 

Celestin  Moreau,  in  "  Histoire  de  L'Acadie  Franfoisc,"  published  at 
Paris  in  1873,  gives,  it  may  be  hoped,  a  more  impartial  estimate  of  the 
character  of  D'Aulnay.  He  says,  "  Such  was  the  premature  end  of 
one  of  the  men  who  had  labored  with  the  greatest  energy,  activity,  and 


120  GOVERNOR  LA    TOUR. 

ccurage  in  the  foundation  of  our  American  colonies  ;  and  French  Acadia, 
in  some  measure,  fell  with  him.  Frere  Ignace,  of  Paris,  accords  him 
this  praise,  that,  during  the  eleven  years  of  his  residence  at  Port  Royal, 
no  one  had  ever  heard  him  say  a,  hurtful  word  to  the  least  of  the  people 
there.  He  renders  homage  to  the  rare  goodness  of  the  gentleman,  and 
to  the  exemplary  piety  of  the  Christian." 

D'Aulnay  left  four  sons  and  four  daughters.  Germain  Doucette, 
second  in  command  at  Port  Royal,  who  had  all  along  possessed  the  con- 
fidence of  D'Aulnay,  was  appointed  to  the  charge  of  his  property,  with 
the  general  supervision  of  Madame  D'Aulnay. 

1 65 1.  —  The  French  king  granted  to  La  Tour  a  new  commission  as 
governor  and  lieutenant-general  oi"  \cadia.  Two  years  afterward.  La 
Tour  and  Madame  D'Aulnay,  who  had  continued  to  reside  at  Port  Royal 
where  her  principal  property  wis  situated,  united  their  territorial  interests 
by  a  marriage  contract,  making  due  provision  for  their  children  by  pre- 
vious marriages.  By  this  last  marriage,  they  had  two  sons  and  three 
daughters,  two  of  whom.  Marguerite  and  Anne,  married  sons  of  Philippe 
Mius  D'Entremont,  a  gentleman  from  Normandy,  who  had  come  to 
Acadia  in  165 1,  and  whom  La  Tour,  in  1653,  appointed  to  a  temporary 
command  at  Port  Royal.' 

D'Aulnay's  eight  children  went  to  France.  His  four  sons  were 
killed  in  war,  —  the  youngest,  Paul,  at  the  siege  of  Luxembourg,  in  1684. 
Three  of  his  daughters  became  religieuses.  Marie,  the  last  survivor  of 
D'Aulnay's  children,  died  at  Paris  in  1693,  leaving  by  her  will  all  her 
property  to  her  half-brothers  and  sisters  La  Tour.  ■ 

1654. — The  English,  then  ruled  by  Oliver  Cromwell,  again  took 
possession  of  Acadia.  Port  Royal  capiiulated  in  August,  but  the 
families  occupying  houses  and  lands  there  were  not  disturbed.  In 
1656,  Cromwell  granted  to  La  Tour,  Sir  Thomas  Temple,  and  another, 
all  the  territory  from  La  Heve  to  Pentagoet.  The  grant  was  embar- 
rassed by  this  condition :  "  No  one  is  to  reside  in  the  country  but 
Protestants."  Charles  de  La  Tour  died  previous  to  1670,  his  wife  sur- 
viving him. 

1667.  —  Says  Moreau,  "  Seventeen  years  passed  away  between  the 
death  of  D'Aulnay  and  the  restoration  of  Acadia  to  France,  under  the 

I  Appendix  K. 


THE  FREXCH  MISSIONARIES.  121 

treaty  of  Breda,  in  1667.  During  most  of  the  time,  the  English  held 
the  country  without  occupying  it :  the  French,  on  their  part,  if  they  no 
longer  owned  the  land,  continued  to  exercise  a  preponderating  influence 
over  the  Indian  tribes.  The  former  were  encamped  within  their  fortifi- 
cations, but  they  received  neither  submission  nor  respect  beyond  the 
range  of  their  guns.  The  latter  were  spread  through  the  forest ;  and 
living,  to  some  extent,  the  life  of  savages,  they  maintained  relations  of 
good-will  on  the  one  part,  and  fidelity  on  the  other,  which,  during  a  cen- 
tury and  a  half,  had  never  been  disturbed.  Some,  too  far  away  from  the 
English  to  fear  their  attacks,  maintained  their  settlements  near  Cape 
Sable :  we  may  believe  that  they  had,  like  La  Tour,  grouped  around 
them  young  and  vigorous  Indians  as  allies  and  companions.  Their 
chief  umpire  was  the  missionary,  or  priest,  when  a  group  of  settlers  was 
fortunate  enough  to  have  one  within  their  reach.  He  was  consulted, 
both  in  general  and  particular  affairs,  in  the  management  of  a  family,  or 
the  conduct  of  an  association.  They  listened  to  his  voice,  they  followed 
his  advice,  they  submitted  to  his  judgment.  His  title  of  spiritual 
father  was  not,  to  the  Acadians,  an  empty  word.  On  the  contrary,  it 
was  the  expression  of  an  idea,  to  every  one  plainly  defined,  and  by  every 
one  accepted.  It  was  this  sacred  character  of  priest  which  gave  him 
authority,  and  secured  the  obedience  of  the  people.  They  loved  and 
venerated  him  as  the  father  he  really  was ;  as,  in  their  regard,  the  true 
representative  and  minister  of  our  Father  in  heaven. 

"  By  what  zeal  and  devotion,  by  what  exertions  and  sacrifice,  did  he 
justify  this  confidence  of  the  people  placed  in  his  care  !  The  life  of  a 
missionary  was  truly  an  apostolic  life.  No  fatigue  discouraged,  no 
danger  stopped,  him.  He  declined  no  service,  no  labor.  In  need,  he 
could  be  their  notary  and  judge  :  he  wrote  their  contracts,  he  reconciled 
their  differences,  he  rendered  judgment.  Sometimes  he  carried  the  axe 
of  the  wood-chopper,  or  the  spade  for  the  dike :  he  mingled  with  the 
roughest  workmen  who  were  building  a  barrier  against  the  waves  of  the 
sea.  Then,  returning  from  a  hard  day's  labor,  he  traversed  the  woods, 
and  crossed  the  rivers  and  mountains,  to  visit  the  poor  savages  in  their 
distant  encampments,  to  aid  the  sick,  or  to  console  the  suffering." 

The  Hfe  of  the  '  Abb6  Sigogne,  for  nearly  half  a  century  among  the 

'  Appendix  L. 


122  ACADIAN  PERSECUTION. 

Acadians  of  Clare  and  Argyle,  illustrates  the  fidelity  of  this  portraiture 
of  the  Father  Felician.' 

1690.  —  The  Acadian  colonies  prospered  until  1690,  when  Port 
Royal  was  attacked  by  another  piratical  expedition  under  Phipps,  and 
the  settlements  farther  up  the  Bay  of  Fundy  by  Church,  both  from 
Boston. 

1696.  — The  Treaty  of  Ryswick  restored  Acadia  to  France. 

1704.  —  Church,  from  Boston,  again  devastated  the  Acadian  settle- 
ments at  the  Basin  of  Mines  and  Chicnecto.  When  Church  set  out  on 
this  expedition,  he  was  ordered  by  the  Colonial  Government  "  to  have 
prayer  on  board  of  ship  daily,  to  sanctify  the  sabbath,  and  to  forbid  all 
profane  swearing  and  drunkenness."  Another  order  authorized  hiiii  "  to 
burn,  plunder,  and  destroy,  and  get  spoil  wherever  he  could  effect  a 
landing." 

1710.  —  Attacked  by  a  formidable  force  under  Gen.  Nicholson,  and 
after  a  vigorous  and  protracted  defence,  Gov.  Subercase,  on  the  i6th 
of  October,  surrendered  Port  Royal  under  terms  highly  favorable  to  the 
besieged.  The  first  article  was,  "The  garrison  shall  march  out  with 
their  arms  and  baggage,  drums  beating,  and  colors  flying."  The  name 
of  the  place  was  then  changed  to  Annapolis  Royal,  in  honor  of  Queen 
Anne  ;  and  by  the  Treaty  of  Utrecht,  in  1713,  Acadia  was  finally  ceded 
to  Great  Britain. 

In  16 7 1,  when  the  first  census  was  taken,  the  Acadians  numbered 
about  400.  In  1686  the  census  gave  a  total  of  885,  of  which  592  were 
at  Port  Royal,  and  15  at  Cape  Sable.  The  census  of  1701  gives  466  at 
Port  Royal,  498  at  Mines,  189  at£»Beau  Bassin,  75  at  La  Heve,  and  40 
at  Pubnico  and  Cape  Sable.  In  1698  there  were  at  Port  Royal  1,584 
fruit-trees  among  fifty-four  families,  who  owned  982  cattle,  1,136  sheep, 

'  Again  let  Judge  Haliburton's  testimony  be  a  confirmation.  During  a  residence  of  some  years  at 
Annapolis,  he  had  been  on  terms  of  intimate  friendship  with  the  Abb^  Sigogne.  ;  ii  the  course  of  a 
speech  in  the  House  of  Assembly,  in  1827,  Mr.  Haliburton  said,  "  Look  at  the  Township  of  Clare.  It 
was  a  beautiful  sight,  —  a  whole  people  having  the  ssme  customs,  speaking  the  same  language,  and 
uniting  in  the  same  religion.  Look  at  their  worthy  pastor,  the  Abb^  Sigogne;  see  him  at  sunrise,  with 
his  little  flock  aiound  him,  returning  thanks  to  the  Giver  of  all  good  things;  follow  him  to  the  bed  of 
sickness;  see  him  pouring  the  balm  of  consolation  into  the  wounds  of  the  afBicled;  into  his  field, 
where  he  was  setting  an  example  of  industry  to  his  people;  into  his  closet,  where  he  was  instructing 
the  innocence  of  youth;  into  the  chapel,  and  you  would  see  the  savage,  ru»hing  from  the  wilderness 
with  all  his  wild  and  ungovernable  passions  upon  him,  standing  subdued  and  awed  in  the  presence  of 
the  holy  man !  " 


ACADIAN  CENSUS.  1 23 

and  who  had  1,275  acres  of  land  under  cultivation.  Many  of  the 
families  had  decked-vessels  for  Bay  of  Fundy  fishing,  and  for  trading 
with  the  Indians  along  the  coast.  As  early  as  1689,  there  were  at  Port 
Royal  two  grain-mills  and  one  saw-mill. 

In  1 73 1  there  were  at  Mines  and  Canard  168  families;  at  Beau 
Bassin,  150;  at  Cobequit,  68;  at  Pigiguit,  150;  at  Port  Royal,  160, — 
a  total  of  696  families.  In  1737  the  Acadian  population  of  Nova  Scotia 
was  found  to  be  6,598. 

The  last  census,  previous  to  the  expulsion,  was  taken  in  1748,  and 
is  thus  stated  :  — 

Chipoudy 300 

Chicnecto 1,000 

Mines 6,000 

Port  Royal 1,500 

Villages  between  Chipoudy  and  Chicnecto 1,500 

Cobequit  and  surroundings 1,000 

Chedabucto  and  Canse?.u 800 

Families  on  southern  and  eastern  coasts,  say 600 

12,700 
The  last  six  hundred  people  are  made  up  as  follows  :  —  * 

River  St.  John 20  families. 

Chezetcook 15        " 

Merliguesh 20        " 

Ministiguesh 10        " 

Peaubomcoup 20        "    . 

Tebok 25        " 

no 


■:--i^ 


CHAPTER   IX. 

Metrical  Description  of  Port  Royal  in  1720.  —  Halifax  1749-1764.  —  Liverpool  and  Barrington 
settled  1759  and  1760.  —Settlement  of  Shelburne  by  the  Loyalists  in  1783.  —  Condition 
of  Settlements  on  Western  and  Southern  Coasts  of  Nova  Scotia  in  1787.  — Shelburne  at 
that  Date. —  Port  Mouton  settled  by  Tarleton's  Regiment  in  1783.  —  Next  Year  Three 
Hundred  Buildings  destroyed  by  Fire.  —  Provincial  Census  181 7-1827.  —  Shelburne, 
Barrington,  Argyle,  and  Yarmouth  in  1827:  Population,  Stock,  etc.  —  Provincial  Census 
1851,  1861,  1871,  and  1881.  —  Yarmouth  County  Census  by  Subdivisions  in  1871  and 
1881,  with  Explanations  directing  Attention  to  the  Effect  of  Confederation  as  shown  by 
the  Tables. 

IT  is  interesting  to  trace  the  progress  of  other  settlements  of  Nova 
Scotia  in  the  latter  part  of  the  last  century,  which,  by  affording 
opportunities  for  commercial  intercourse,  contributed  to  the  growth  of 
Yarmouth. 

Annapolis  Royal,  the  ancient  capital,  after  its  last  capture  from  the 
French  in  17 10,  was  held  as  a  mihtary  post;  but  it  attained  no  great 
importance  as  an  English  settlement  until  the  arrival  of  the  Loyahsts 
after  the  American  Revolution. 

Paul  Mascarene,  writing  of  Annapo  in  1720,  says,  "  On  both  sides 
of  the  River  there  are  a  great  many  fin  farms  inhabited  by  above  200 
families  [Acadians].  They  are  generally  very  industrious,  employing 
the  time  they  can  spare  from  farming,  in  hunting  and  trapping,  and  in 
fishing  in  the  summer.  The  Banks  of  the  River  are  very  pleasant  and 
fruitful,  producing  wheat,  rye,  and  other  grains ;  pulse,  garden  roots,  and 
the  best  cabbages  of  any  place  ;  they  abound  also  in  cattle  and  fowls  of 
all  kinds." 

A  still  more  pleasing  picture  of  this  thriving  Acadian  village  is  seen 
in  the  following  lines  written  at  Annapolis  Royal  in  the  same  year,  1720. 

"The  King  of  rivers,  solemn,  calm,  and  slow, 
Flows  toward  the  sea,  yet  scarce  is  seen  to  flow; 
On  each  fair  bank  the  verdant  lands  are  seen, 
In  gayest  clothing  of  perpetual  green. 


ANNAPOLIS  ROYAL.  12$ 

On  every  side  the  prospect  brings  to  sight 

The  fields,  the  flowers,  and  every  fresh  delight. 

His  lovely  banks  most  beauteously  are  graced 

With  Nature's  sweet  variety  of  taste  ; 

Herbs,  fruits,  and  grass,  with  intermingled  trees, 

The  prospect  lengthen,  and  the  joys  increase. 

The  lofty  mountains  rise  in  every  view, 

Creation's  glory,  and  its  beauty  too. 

To  higher  grounds,  the  raptured  view  extends, 

Whilst  in  the  cloud-topped  cliffs  the  landscape  ends. 

Fair  scenes,  to  which,  should  angels  turn  their  sight. 

Angels  might  stand  astonished  with  delight. 

Majestic  groves  in  every  view  arise, 

And  greet  with  wonder  the  beholder's  eyes. 

In  gentle  windings  where  this  river  glides. 

And  herbage  thick  its  current  almost  hides. 

Where  sweet  meanders  lead  his  pleasant  course. 

Where  trees,  and  plants,  and  fruits,  themselves  disclose ; 

Where  never-fading  groves  of  fragrant  fir. 

And  beauteous  pine,  perfume  the  ambient  air ; 

The  air  at  once,  both  health  and  fragrance  yields. 

Like  sweet  y^rabian  or  Elysian  fields. 

As  this  delightful  stream  glides  toward  the  sea, 
Thou  Royal  Settlement !  he  washes  thee,  — 
Thou  village,  blest  of  Heaven,  and  dear  to  me. 
Named  from  a  pious  sovereign,  now  at  rest. 
The  last  of  Stuart's  line,  — of  queens  the  best. 


Where  this  romantic  village  lifts  her  head   ' 
Betwixt  the  Royal  Port  and  humble  mead. 
The  decent  mansions,  decked  with  mod'rate  cost, 
Of  honest  thrift,  and  gen'rous  owners  boast ; 
Where  skill  and  industry  their  sons  employ 
In  works  of  peace,  integrity,  and  joy. 
Their  lives  in  social,  harmless  bliss  they  spend, 
Then  to  the  grave,  in  honored  age  descend  ; 
The  hoary  sire,  and  aged  matron  see, 
Their  prosp'rpus  offspring  in  the  fourth  degree. 


126  ACADIA  A    DISPERSION. 

A  spire  majestic  rears  its  solemn  fane, 
Where  praises,  prayers,  and  true  devotion  reign  ; 
Where  truth,  and  peace,  and  charity  abound, 
Where  God  is  sought,  and  heav'nly  blessings  found. 
The  gen'rous  flock  reward  their  pastor's  care. 
His  prayers,  his  wants,  his  happiness  they  share. 
Retired  from  worldly  care,  from  noise  and  strife, 
In  sacred  thoughts  and  deeds  he  spends  his  life  ; 
To  mod'rate  bounds,  his  wishes  he  confines. 
All  views  of  grandeur,  power,  and  wealth  resigns; 
With  pomp  and  pride  can  cheerfully  dispense. 
Dead  to  the  world  and  empty  joys  of  sense. 


The  symphony  of  heavenly  song  he  hears, 
Celestial  concord  vibrates  on  his  ears. 
Which  emulate  the  music  of  the  spheres. 
The  band  of  active  youths  and  virgins  fair. 
Ranked  in  due  order  by  their  Teacher's  care, 
The  sight  of  all  beholders  gratify,  — 
Sweet  to  the  soul,  and  pleasing  to  the  eye. 

But  when  their  voices  sound  in  songs  of  praise. 
When  they  to  God's  high  throne  their  anthems  raise, 
By  their  harmonious  sounds  such  raptures  given, 
Their  loud  hosannas  waft  the  soul  to  heaven. 
The  fourfold  parts  in  one  bright  centre  meet, 
To  form  the  blessed  harmony  complete  ; 
Loved  by  the  good,  esteemed  by  the  wise, 
To  gracious  Heaven  a  pleasing  sacrifice, 
Each  note,  each  part,  each  voice,  each  word  conspire 
T' inflame  ali  pious  hearts  with  holy  fire; 
Each  one,  in  fancy,  seems  among  the  throng 
Of  angels,  chanting  heaven's  eternal  song." 

Thirty-five  years  afterward,  in  1755,  this  peaceful,  prosperous  village 
was  cruelly  broken  up ;  its  inhabitants  exiled  or  dispersed  ;  their  homes 
destroyed,  their  farms  and  cattle  confiscated  ;  and  "  another  race  with 
other  customs  and  language "  took  possession  of  the  fertile  valleys 
which  the  Acadians  had  redeemed  from  the  wilderness,  and  had  culti- 
vated for  near  a  hundred  and  fifty  years. 


GOVERNOR  CORNWALLIS.  1 27 

Halifax  was  first  settled  in  June,  1749,  when  Gov.  Cornwallis 
arrived,  accompanied  by  1 1  ships  with  1,176  settlers,  who,  witl  their 
families  and  dependants,  made  a  total  of  2,576.  About  one-half  of  the 
men  were  accompanied  by  their  wives;  there  being  619  women,  includ- 
ing female  servants,  and  438  children.  Halifax  does  not  appear  to  have 
grown  very  rapidly  ;  for  in  July,  1 75  2,  the  population  is  thus  stated  :  — 

North  suburbs  of  Halifax,  two-thirds  Germans 677 

South  suburbs  "          "       English  and  Irish 823 

Within  the  town           "       chiefly  English 841 

Within  the  pickets       "            "           "          351 

On  Cornwallis  Island -^-t^ 

At  Ketch  Harbor 25 

"  Sambro 26 

"  St.  Margaret's  Bay 34 

"  Cross  Island 38 

"  George's  Island 21 

"  Blockhouse  and  Isthmus,  Germans 216 

3.085 

A  later  summary  (not  dated)  states  the  total  at  4,249  ;  it  may  include 
with  the  foregoing  the  soldiers  and  sailors  upon  the  station. 

In  1753  the  greater  part  of  the  Germans  left  Halifax  for  Lunenburg, 
making  their  first  settlement  at  Mahone  Bay. 

About  1759,  Gov.  Lawrence  despatched  a  staff  of  surveyors  to  the 
western  coast  to  establish  the  division  lines  of  township  of  suitable  area 
and  with  well-defined  boundaries.  At  Liverpool,  50  families  and  6 
fishing-schooners  had  already  arrived.  In  June,  1760,  the  settlers  at 
Liverpool  had  increased  to  70  families  with  13  schooners.  They  had 
also  built  some  saw-mills. 

In  the  same  year.  Gov.  Lawrence  received  a  despatch  from  the 
Home  Government  approving  of  his  efforts  to  induce  immigration  to 
the  Provinc  and  he  was  directed  to  reserve  lands  as  a  reward,  and 
provision  for  such  officers  and  soldiers  as  might  be  disbanded  at  the 
close  of  the  war. 

In  1 760-1 763,  Barrington  was  settled  by  about  80  families  from 
Nantucket  and  Cape  Cod,  and  in  1767  the  township  was  granted  to 
102  persons. 


128 


NO  I  A   SCOT/ A    CENSUS,   1764. 


A  letter,  dated  at  Halifax,  May,  1760,  from  the  Hon.  Alexander 
Grant,  member  of  the  Executive  Council,  to  the  Rev.  Ezra  Stiles  of 
Boston,  says,  — 

"If  you  expect  any  useful  or  curious  obser\ations  on  the  place  of 
my  present  residence,  I  shall  disapi)oint  you.  It  furnishes  none,  and  my 
tmie  has  been  engaged  in  another  way. 

"This  place  is  divided  into  three  towns,  —  Halifax,  Irish  Town,  and 
Dutch  Town.  The  whole  may  contain  about  1,000  houses,  great  and 
small,  many  of  which  are  employed  as  barracks  and  hospitals  for  the 
army  and  navy,  and  other  public  uses.  The  inhabitants  may  be  about 
3,000  ;  one-third  Irish,  one-fourth  German  or  Dutch,  the  most  useful  and 
industrious  settlers  among  us,  and  the  rest  English,  with  a  very  small 
number  of  Scotch. 

"We  have  upwards  of  100  licensed  houses,  and  perhaps  as  many 
more  which  retail  spirituous  liquors  without  license ;  so  that  the  business 
of  one-half  the  town  is  to  sell  rum,  and  of  the  other  half  to  drink  it. 
You  may,  from  this  single  circumstance,  judge  of  our  morals,  and 
naturally  infer  that  we  are  not  enthusiastic  in  religion. 

"The  next  settlement  to  this  is  Malagash  (Lunenburg),  inhabited  by 
about  1,500  Dutch." 

In  1 764,  at  the  request  of  Dr.  Stiles,  Mr.  Grant  furnished  the  following 
as  the  estimated  population  of  Nova  Scotia  :  — 


Halifax 3,000 

Lunenburg 1,600 

Liverpool 500 

Annapolis  County 1,000 

Fort  Cumberland 750 

Horton 670 

Cornwallis 518 

Falmouth 27S 

Newport 251 


Dublin 100 

Chester 100 

Cobequid 400 

Barrington 300 

Yarmouth 150 

Dispersed  along  the  coast,  say      .  383 


Total 10,000 


Mr.  Grant  estimated  the  French  still  in  the  province  at  2,000,  and 
the  settlement  at  St.  John,  New  Brunswick,  at  460. 


SHELDUR.XEy  17S3.  12^ 

SHELBURNE 

and  its  settlement  is  thus  described  in  Haliburton's  "  History  of  Nova 
Scotia :  "  — 

"After  the  surrender  of  Cornwallis,  an  association  of  471  families,  in 
a  fleet  of  18  vessels,  on  April  27,  17S3,  sailed  from  New  York,  and 
arrived  at  Shelburne  on  May  4. 

"They  selected  a  site  for  a  town,  and  three  surveyors  from  Halifax 
laid  it  out  with  five  parallel  streets,  60  feet  wide,  and  intersected  by 
others  at  right  angles,  each  square  containing  16  lots,  60  feet  by  120 
feet.  The  water-front  was  so  laid  out  that  every  proprietor  n.!^ht  be 
accommodated  with  a  town  lot  and  a  water  lot.  Every  settler  had  also 
50  acres  of  land  on  each  side  of  the  hai'or.  They  soon  after  received 
an  inundation  of  refugees  of  quite  a  different  character  from  the  first 
settlers,  who  were  not  altogether  welcome,  although  ■  ;i  effort  was  made 
to  acconmiodate  them.  The  population  soon  amounted  to  about 
1 2,000. 

"  Its  decline  was  almost  as  rapid  as  its  growth.  Remote  from  the 
other  settlements  of  the  Province,  surrounded  by  forests  without  roads, 
situate  too  far  from  the  entrance  to  the  harbor  to  reap  the  advantage 
of  the  fishing-grounds,  and  filled  with  people  who  were  unacquainted 
with  the  mode  of  settling  the  wildernes-  it  was  impossible  that  a  town 
so  constituted  could  long  e.xist.  Many  removed  to  other  parts  of  the 
Province,  but  the  greater  part  returned  to  their  native  land.  Several 
regiments  accompanied  the  first  immigrants,  but  were  withdrawn  soon 
after  the  settlement  of  the  town.  The  principal  part  of  the  negroes  at 
Birchtown  were  removed  to  Sierra  Leone  in  1 786." 

There  is  a  little  book  published  anonymously  at  Edinburgh,  Scot- 
land, in  1787,  bearing  this  title  :  — 

THE  PRESENT  STATE  OF  NOVA  SCOTIA; 

WITH   A    BRIEF   ACCOUNT  OF  J  \  -       ■ 

CANADA  AND  THE  BRITISH  ISLANDS  ON  THE  COAST        1.  ._.--- 
OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


130  AOl'A   scon  A,  17S7. 

It  is  dedicated  to 

THE    Klr.HT    HONORABLE, 

JOHN,   LORD   SHEFFIELD. 

My  Lord  :  —  The  favourable  reception  with  which  the  former  edition  of 
this  work  has  been  distinguished  in  England  emboldens  the  Author  to  hope 
for  the  continuance  of  that  protection  which  you  so  generously  bestowed  on 
the  first  impression. 

The  whole  of  the  descriptive  parts  were  written  amidst  those  rude  and 
magnificent  scenes  which  are  so  frequently  met  with  in  the  yet  uncultivated 
regions  of  the  New  World.     Etc.,  etc.,  etc. 

I  have  the  honour  to  be,  etc.,  etc., 

THE   AUTHOR. 

The  book  contains  220  pages.  It  treats  of  the  importance  of  the 
North-.-Xmerican  colonies  still  remaining  to  Great  Britain,  and  of  the  mis- 
take in  giving  up  to  the  United  States  all  the  territory  they  claimed  ;  of 
the  value  of  the  cod-fishery  and  other  fisheries  ;  of  the  situation,  appear- 
ance, and  extent  of  Nova  Scotia ;  of  its  climate,  seasons,  and  natural 
productions ;  of  the  Indians,  their  customs,  language,  and  religion ;  of 
the  wild  beasts,  moose,  and  fur-bearing  animals  ;  of  trade  and  navigation, 
and  of  the  form  of  government. 

Among  numerous  herbs  and  plants  described,  the  author  says, 
"  None  are  more  plentiful  than  sarsaparilla,  and  a  plant  whose  root 
resembles  rhubarb  in  color,  taste,  and  effects ;  likewise,  the  Indian  or 
Mountain  Tea,  and  Maiden-hair,  an  herb  much  in  repute  for  the  same 
purpose;"  that  the  "sassafras  grows  plentifully,"  and  that  among  the 
trees,  "  none  is  more  useful  to  the  inhabitants  than  a  species  of  maple, 
distinguished  by  the  name  of  the  sugar-tree  as  affording  a  considerable 
quantity  of  that  valuable  ingredient ; "  and  he  describes  the  process  of 
manufacture. 

The  author  mentions  the  iron  of  Nova  Scotia  as  "equally  good 
with  that  found  in  any  part  of  America ; "  and  limestone  of  excel- 
lent quality  "  which  is  of  great  advantage  for  improving  the  soil,  as  it  is 
found  by  experience  to  be  one  of  the  most  approved  things  in  the  world 
for  that  purpose." 

His  remarks  upon  the  Indians  have  been  quoted  in   a   previous 
chapter.     He  considered  the  fisheries  "as  a  species  of  manufactu! 
which,  independent  of  the  seamen  it  raises  for  our  marine,  employs  a 


ST.  AA'DKEIVS.  131 

great  number  of  persons  in  ship-building,  and  in  curing  the  fish  on 
shore,  thereby  ad(Ung  to  the  population,  and  consequently  to  the  real 
riches  of  the  state." 

He  advocated  a  bounty  on  the  exports  of  lumber  and  fish  to  the 
West  Indies,  and  a  strict  adherence  to  the  existing  navigation-laws,  con- 
fining the  trade  to  British  Possessions  to  British  bottoms. 

The  author  says  of  the  fisheries,  "  No  fatigues  or  hardships  can 
exceed  those  of  the  fishermen  during  the  season ;  their  labors  leaving 
tiiem  hardly  any  time  to  rest,  either  by  night  or  day.  F'ortunately, 
liowever,  from  the  healthiness  of  the  climate ;  from  the  wholesome- 
ness  of  their  food,  which  consists  chiefly  of  fish ;  but,  above  all,  from 
their  constant  exercise,  —  they  enjoy,  in  general,  an  uninterrupted  state 
of  health." 

"The  fishery  the  last  season  employed  about  10,000  men,  and  was 
the  means  of  feeding  at  least  30,000.  The  whole  quantity  of  codfish 
caught  was  upwards  of  1 20,000  quintals,  about  40,000  of  which  were 
exported;  these,  at  the  lowest  price,  13J.  6(i.,  must  have  amounted  to 
;^26,ooo  sterling,  which  sum  may  be  estimated  as  so  much  real  money 
gained  to  the  colony,  whether  the  fish  were  sold  abroad  for  cash,  or 
exchanged  for  commodities  of  which  the  inhabitants  stood  in  need. 
The  calculation  here  given,  which  is  very  low  and  designedly  kept  within 
bounds  that  no  charge  of  exaggeration  may  be  brought  against  it,  is 
only  intended  to  show  what  the  colony  is  now  able  to  do,  when  in  a 
weak  and  imperfect  state ;  and  furnishes  an  incontestable  proof  that  the 
fisheries  are  an  inexhaustible  mine  of  wealth,  and  do,  with  the  woods, 
constitute  the  natural  riches  of  the  country." 

The  author  thus  describes  the  condition  of  the  various  settlements 

in  1787  :  — 

ST.    ANDREW'S 

is  a  handsome  town,  built  by  the  Loyalists,  consisting  of  600  houses,  and 

has  a  population  of  3,000.     No  people  on  the  continent  are  capable  of 

being  more  usefully  industrious  in  proportion  to  their  numbers.     No 

place  is  better  adapted  for  ship-building.     They  have  the  cod-fishery  at 

their  very  doors,  and  are  scarcely  ever  incommoded  with  fogs.     They 

are   erecting   saw-mills,   and   have   already   shipped   some   cargoes  of 

lumber  to  the  West  Indies. 


132  ST.  JOHN  AND    PETITCODIAC. 

BEAVER    HARBOR, 

nine  miles  east  of  Passamaquoddy,  settled  by  the  Refugees,  about  800 
in  number,  is  well  adapted  for  carrying  on  the  fishery. 

ST.   JOHN, 

distant  twelve  leagues,  has  2,000  houses,  and  a  population  of  upwards 
of  10,000.  They  already  possess  60  sail  of  vessels,  some  of  which 
are  employed  in  carrying  on  trade  with  the  West  Indies,  and  the  rest  in 
the  whale  and  cod-fisheries. 

QUACO 

has  a  population  of  600,  chiefly  engaged  in  agriculture. 

PETITCODIAC, 

a  thriving  colony,  has  about  2,000  inhabitants.  Loyalists,  occupying  lands 
formerly  possessed  and  cultivated  by  the  ancient  French  colonists,  dis- 
tinguished by  the  name  of  Neutrals,  whose  industry  had  been  crowned 
by  a  degree  of  success  but  seldom  excelled  by  the  inhabitants  of  the 
southern  colonies.  ■ 

This  people,  descended  from  the  ancient  French  settlers,  had  increae'd 
gradually  to  several  thousands,  clearing  large  tracts  of  land,  and  raising 
numerous  herds  of  cattle,  living  many  years  in  the  most  perfect  friend- 
ship with  the  native  Indians,  among  whom  they  frequently  intermarried, 
and  became  in  a  manner  one  people.  Unfortunately  tor  themselves,  by 
engaging  in  all  the  quarrels  that  were  agitated  from  time  to  time  between 
Great  Britain  and  France,  they  became  an  object  of  rc'sentment  to  the 
former,  who,  having  caused  them  to  be  assembled  together  under  vari- 
ous pretcices,  caused  several  thousands  to  be  shipped  off,  and  trans- 
ported to  the  other  colonies,  where  many  of  them  died  from  grief 
and  vexation.  This  action,  sufficiently  cruel  in  itself,  was  rendered  still 
more  so  from  having  been  perpetrated  in  consequence  of  positive 
orders  from  a  nation  commonly  regarded,  even  by  its  enemies,  as 
magnanimous.  ,  .    • 

Let  us  attend  to  the  event.  The  lands  from  which  the  Neutrals 
were  thus  violently  torn  became  a  desert,  and  every  attempt  to  repeople 
them  was  constantly   rendered    abortive,  until    a  large    body  of  men. 


ANNAPOLIS  AND    YARMOUTH.  133 

inhabiting  those  very  colonies  to  which  the  Neutrals  had  been  banished, 
were  driven  in  like  manner  from  their  own  country  for  a  similar  attach- 
ment to  Great  Britain,  and  compelled  to  cultivate  the  lands  left  by  the 
former ;  as  if  it  was  the  express  intention  of  Providence,  in  this  particu- 
lar instance,  to  mark  in  strong  colors  the  injustice  of  a  great  nation,  as 
well  as  to  teach  mankind  a  lesson  of  moderation  and  humanity. 

ANNAPOLIS 

received  an  accession  of  about  2,500  Loyalists,  increasing  the  town  to 

six  times  its  former  dimensions,   with  a   population   unknown   at  any 

former  period.     Annapolis  produces  great  quantities   of  apples,  some 

pears,  and  a  few  plums,  which  are  all  good  of  their  kind,  especially  the 

former. 

DIGBY, 

a  handsome  town,  has  been  lately  built  by  the  Loyalists. 

BEAR    RIVER 

was  settled  by  some  Germans,  formerly  employed  as  auxiliary  troops 
during  the  war  in  America. 

ST.   MARY'S    BAY 

is  beginning  to  assume  the  form  of  a  settlement,  although  no  colony 
had  attempted  to  settle  here  until  after  the  evacuation  of  New  York. 

YARMOUTH. 

A  considerable  number  of  persons  were  settled  before  the  late  war 
at  this  end  of  the  Province,  on  a  small  river  where  there  is  a  town  called 
Yarmouth.  They  have  employed  themselves  successfully  in  farming, 
and  had  even  made  some  progress  in  the  cod-fishery,  when  the  capture 
of  several  of  their  vessels  by  the  Americans  put  a  stop  to  their  exertions 
in  that  line.  They  have  since  renewed  them,  and,  with  the  addition  of 
some  Loyalists,  are  carrying  on  a  trade  with  Halifax  in  fish,  lumber, 
and  cattle,  particularly  sheep.  The  lands  in  the  neighborhood,  which 
appeared  at  first  but  indifferent,  have  been  found,  within  these  fe\v 
years,  to  improve  very  rapidly  :  so  that,  in  proportion  to  the  number  of 
settlers,  few  places  in  the  Province  bid  fairer  for  prosperity. 


134  BARRINGTON  AND  SHELBURXE. 

BARRINGTON 

has  about  four  thousand  inhabitants,  mostly  settled  there  before  the  war, 
and  chiefly  engaged  in  the  fisheries  and  coasting-trade,  for  which  their 
situation  seemo  well  adapted. 

SHELBURNE, 

built  upon  the  harbor  of  Port  Roseway,  is  inhabited  by  a  numerous 
colony,  perhaps  the  most  so  that  any  nation  can  boast  of  in  modern 
times.  The  harbor  is  not  exceeded  by  any  one  in  America  for  good- 
ness, having  everywhere  six  or  seven  fathoms  of  water  from  the  sea  to 
the  town,  the  distance  not  being  more  than  eight  miles,  with  scarcely 
any  current  either  in  or  out ;  while  a  large  island  lying  at  the  entrance, 
shuts  it  so  entirely  from  danger,  that  no  wind  whatever  can  do  the  least 
prejudice  to  ships  lying  at  anchor. 

The  town  is,  perhaps,  one  of  the  largest  in  the  New  World,  con- 
taining about  3,000  houses,  regularly  built,  having  15  streets  in  right 
lines  from  north  to  south,  and  30  from  east  to  west,  crossing  the 
former  at  right  angles.  The  inhabitants  amount  to  13,000,  white. 
Before  the  war  they  did  not  exceed  50. 

Opposite  to  Shelburne  is  Birchtown,  peopled  by  the  negroes  from 
New  York,  about  1,400  in  number,  whose  labor  has  been  found  extremely 
useful  to  the  white  inhabitants,  chiefly  in  reducing  very  considerably 
the  price  of  work  and  various  materials,  the  produce  of  the  country. 
The  lands  are  generally  improved,  and  have,  in  several  places,  produced 
fine  crops  of  wheat,  barley,  and  oats,  as  well  as  of  garden  herbs  and 
dwarf  fruits.  The  good  effects  of  their  being  possessed  of  a  large 
capital  shows  itself  very  plainly  in  the  great  number  of  shipping  belong- 
ing to  the  merchants,  nearly  equalling  that  of  Halifax  itself,  being  at 
least  300  sail  of  all  sorts.  Several  of  them  are  employed  in  the  whale- 
fishery  ;  a  still  greater  number  in  West-India  voyages,  and  the  rest  in 
the  cod-fisheries  that  are  upon  the  coasts  of  the  Province. 

The  pilots,  who  were  employed  by  the  British  fleets  in  North 
America  during  the  war,  are  settled  upon  the  harbor,  half  way  between 
the  sea  and  the  town.  Government,  wisely  considering  how  obnoxious 
these  men  had  rendered  themselves  to  the  rebels,  have  allotted  them 


SHELBURNE.  135 

half  pay  during  the  rest  of  their  lives,  —  a  measure  equally  just  and 
necessary,  most  of  them  formerly  being  possessed  of  property  in  the 
United  States.  No  people  among  the  Loyalists  have  exerted  themselves 
more  successfully  than  they  in  rendering  their  present  situation 
comfortable. 

All  the  country,  for  several  miles  about,  is  exceedingly  populous, 
particularly  upon  Jordan  River,  five  miles  east  of  Port  Rosevvay,  noted 
for  an  extraordinary  salmon-fishery,  and  where  large  tracts  of  land  are 
cleared,  producing  very  good  wheat  and  barley.  The  river  itself  is 
only  fit  for  vessels  of  twelve  feet  draught  of  water ;  but  it  has  three  saw- 
mills erected  upon  it  by  the  new  colonists,  that  are  kept  going  night 
and  day  for  the  merchants  of  Port  Roseway,  who  are  constantly  ship- 
ping off  lumber  to  the  West  Indies,  both  from  these  mills  and  two 
others  lately  erected  above  Shelburne.  From  this  place  a  creek  com- 
municates with  a  fresh-water  lake  several  miles  distant,  the  borders  of 
which  are  capable  of  feeding  numerous  herds  of  cattle,  and  are  clothed 
with  fine  woods,  consisting  of  birch,  maple,  spruce,  pine,  and  red 
oak.  A  great  many  Loyalists,  convinced  of  the  goodness  of  the 
lands,  are  employed  clearing  the  woods,  and  converting  them  into 
lumber. 

Two  churches  are  built  at  Port  Roseway,  —  one  for  the  people  of 
the  Presbyterian  persuasion,  and  the  other  for  those  of  the  Church 
of  England. 

All  kinds  of  fresh  provisions  are  tolerably  cheap ;  butcher's  meat 
being  upon  an  average  fourpence  per  pound,  and  flour  and  bread  in 
proportion. 

Many  large  wharves  and  convenient  storehouses  are  erected  for 
landing  and  securing  goods ;  their  trade,  particularly  to  the  West 
Indies,  having  increased  very  rapidly  within  the  last  eighteen  months. 
Below  the  town,  and  upon  the  same  side  of  the  harbor,  the  lands,  quite 
down  to  the  sea,  have  been  divided  into  50-acre  lots.  A  vast  number 
of  vessels  have  been  built  for  the  proprietors,  chiefly  for  the  fishing 
business,  but  some  of  them  as  large  as  250  tons  burthen.  Seventy 
vessels  were  upon  the  stocks  in  October  last ;  and  it  is  computed  that 
near  400  sail  will  have  been  finished  by  this  time,  since  the  evacuation 
of  New  York,  at  this  one  settlement  alone. 


136  PORT  AfOL/TOA'. 

PORT    MOUTON, 

or  Gambler  Harbor,  is  seven  leagues  east  of  Jordan  River,  and  nine 
distant  from  Slielburne.  It  affords  but  very  indifferent  slielter  to  some 
fishing-vessels  belonging  to  other  places,  having  only  two  or  three  of  its 
own,  and  very  few  inhabitants.  The  soil,  for  several  miles  around,  is 
full  of  rocks  and  stones,  and  the  most  barren  of  any  in  the  Province, 
producing  a  scanty  vegetation,  and  appearing  incapable  of  ever  being 
cultivated. 

One  of  the  regiments,  the  British  Legion,  commanded  by  Lieut.- 
Col.  Tarleton,  which  had  served  with  distinguished  reputation  during  the 
war  in  America,  began  a  settlement  here,  and  built  a  town,  called  Guys- 
borough,  in  the  autumn  of  the  year  1783,  which,  unfortunately  for 
them,  being  somewhat  late,  and  the  ground  consecjuently  covered  with 
snow,  prevented  their  observing  the  quality  of  the  soil  until  the  following 
spring.  Their  town,  at  this  time,  consisted  of  upwards  of  300  buildings, 
and  the  number  of  people  was  something  more  than  800.  They,  seeing 
the  sterile  appearance  of  their  lands,  and  all  their  hopes  frustrated,  were 
meditating  upon  the  best  means  of  getting  away  to  other  places,  when 
an  accidental  fire,  which  entirely  consumed  their  town,  with  their  live- 
stock, furniture,  and  wearing  apparel,  filled  up  the  measure  of  their 
calamities,  and  rendered  them  perfectly  miserable. 

The  fire  spread  so  rapidly,  and  burned  with  such  fury,  as  rendered 
all  attempts  to  divert  or  stop  its  progress  quite  ineffectual :  it  destroyed 
in  a  few  hours  almost  every  house,  and  drove  the  inhabitants  before  it 
into  the  water.  Scarcely  any,  even  of  the  domestic  animals,  escaped. 
In  short,  a  more  complete  destruction  from  that  merciless  element  never 
befell  any  set  of  men  ;  and  if  a  king's  ship  had  not  been  despatched 
immediately  from  Halifax  with  provisions  for  their  relief,  a  famine  must 
have  ensued.  On  her  arrival,  she  found  them  without  houses,  without 
money,  and  without  even  bread. 

Since  that  time  Port  Mouton  has  had  very  few  inhabitants,  and  never 
can  become  a  settlement  of  any  extent.  Those  persons  who  suffered  by 
the  conflagration  have  mostly  removed  to  Chedabucto  Bay  in  the  east- 
ernmost extremity  of  the  Province,  —  a  situation  much  better  suited  to 
their  deserts,  and  promising  some  consolation  in  the  midst  of  their 
sufferings. 


LIVERPOOL  .iND  LUNEXBURG.  137 

LIVERPOOL 

is  a  small  but  safe  and  convenient  harbor,  and  has  been  several  years 
settled.  The  vessels  that  belonged  to  it  are  mostly  emplo^  'd  in  fishing 
and  carrying  on  a  trade  to  Halifax,  Shelburne,  and  some  oi.  ^r  places,  in 
cattle  and  provisions.  The  inhabitants,  whose  numbers  were  increased 
by  Loyalists  from  Port  Mouton  and  other  places,  are  little  short  of  1,200, 
and  they  are  in  every  respect  an  industrious  and  thriving  colony. 

LUNENBURG 

is  a  fine  town  and  a  respectable  colony,  founded  by  some  Germans  in 
1753.  It  supplies  Halifax  with  cord-wood,  having  a  great  number  of 
small  vessels  employed  in  that  and  the  cod-fishery.  It  also  sends  some 
lumber  to  the  West  Indies,  and  no  place  in  Nova  Scotia  is  in  so  promis- 
ing a  way  except  Halifax  and  Shelburne.  Industry  and  perseverance 
have  rendered  it  highly  flourishing ;  while  the  primitive  simplicity  of 
their  manners,  which  remain  uncorrupted  to  the  present  time,  has  very 
much  endeared  the  people  to  all  their  neighbors. 

The  lands  about  Lunenburg  are  generally  improved  ;  and  their  popu- 
lation, which  was  at  first  about  3,000,  may  be  estimated  at  about  twice 
that  number  at  present. 

HALIFAX, 

the  capital,  and  the  seat  of  the  Legislature,  has  a  safe  and  spacious  harbor, 
which  is  perfectly  sheltered  from  all  winds,  and  where  a  thousand  sail  of 
ships  may  ride  without  danger.  Many  considerable  merchants  reside  at 
this  place,  and  are  possessed  of  shipping  to  the  amount  of  several  thou- 
sand tons,  employed  in  a  flourishing  trade,  both  with  Europe  and  the 
West  Indies. 

It  was  founded  by  the  English  in  1 749,  and,  notwithstanding  the 
poverty  of  the  soil,  has  at  length  attained  a  degree  of  splendor  that  bid*? 
fair  to  rival  the  first  cities  in  the  revolted  colonies,  for  which  it  has  been 
equally  indebted  to  the  late  war,  to  the  great  increase  of  population  from 
the  exiled  Loyalists,  and  the  fostering  care  of  Great  Britain  ;  insomuch 
that  the  number  of  inhabitants  has  been  more  than  doubled  in  the  last 
ten  years.  _.._ 


138  HALIFAX. 

[The  author  does  not  give  the  population  of  Halifax  in  1787,  In 
1794  the  population  of  the  county  was  stated  at  8,961.  In  1791,  that 
of  Halifax  Town  was  4,897;  in  1818,  it  was  11,156,  including  745 
blacks.] 

EAST    OF    HALIFAX 

to  Cape  Canso,  a  distance  of  fifty  leagues,  the  coast  contains  many 
harbors,  most  of  which  are  very  good,  and  at  a  small  distance  from 
each  other :  hardly  any  one,  amidst  so  great  a  number,  is  to  be  found 
wholly  uninhabited.  Few  of  the  settlements  are  formed  into  towns,  or 
possess  much  shipping.  The  population  is  generally  from  fifty  to  a 
hundred  families,  most  of  whom  are  successfully  employed  in  the 
cultivation  of  their  lands. 

THE  ISLAND   OF    ST.    JOHN 

(Prince  Edward)  has  two  or  three  good  harbors  and  one  large  tow.i, 
besides  some  smaller  ones.  The  population  is  about  five  thousard, 
mostly  settled  there  since  the  commencement  of  the  war.  The  lands 
are  accounted  fertile  for  grain,  and  as  affording  very  good  pasture  for 
horses  and  horned  cattle. 

All  the  common  and  useful  kinds  of  garden  plants  grow  to  as  great 
perfection  as  in  Europe.  Among  these  their  potatoes  have  the  prefer- 
ence, as  being  the  most  serviceable  in  a  country  abounding  in  fish  ;  and, 
indeed,  they  are  not  excelled  in  goodness  by  any  in  the  world. 

Such  was  the  condition,  in  1787,  of  the  infant  colonies  upon  the 
western  and  southern  shores  of  Nova  Scotia  as  presented  by  this  writer 
to  the  people  of  Great  Britain.  If  he  drew  a  flattering  picture,  his 
enthusiasm  did  not  equal  that  of  another  writer  of  the  same  period, 
who  said,  "  Nova  Scotia  may  be  compared  to  the  rude  diamond  in 
the  quarry.  It  only  wants  the  polish  of  well-directed  industry  to  give  it 
beauty,  and  increase  its  value." 


OFFICIAL   CENSUS. 


139 


CENSUS     OF     1817-1827. 


THE  FOLLOWING  TABLE  WILL  EXHIBIT  THE  GROWTH  IN 
POPULATION  OF  THE  COUNTIES  OF  NOVA  SCOTIA  FOR 
THE     THIRTY     AND     FORTY     YEARS    AFTER     17S7. 


1827. 

1827. 

1817. 

Popula- 
tion. 

Bushels 
Potatoes. 

Horned 
Cattle. 

Sheep. 

Halifax  County     . 
Pictou  County  .     . 
Colchester  County 
Cumberland  County 
Hants  County    .     . 
Kings  County    .     . 
Lunenburg  County 
Queens  County .     . 
Cape  Breton  Island 
Annapolis  and  Digby 
Shelburne  and  Yarmc 
Township  of  Shelbur 
To*  nship  of  Barring 
Township  of  Argyle 
Township  of  Yarmoi 

lUtl 

ne 
ton 

th 

\i  . 

16,487 

! 

8,737 
4,972 

3,043 
6,685 

7,445 
6,628 

3.098 
6,991 

9,847 
8,440 

i      - 

1 

1 

24,876 

13.949 
7.703 
5,416 
8,627 

10,208 

9,405 

4,225 

12,760 

14,661 

12,018 

2,697 
2,186 
2,790 
4,345 

42,701 
47,028 

103,837 
114,692 

2,428 

1,323 
2,546 
5,122 

4,993 

4,002 
5,940 
7,817 

Total    .     .     . 

82,373 

123,848 

I2,0lS 

- 

- 

- 

Haliburton  states  the  Acadians  in  Clare  Township  as  follows  :  — 

In  iSoo,  175  families,  1,050  persons. 
In  1827,  340  families,  2,038  persons. 


140 


OFFICIAL    CENSUS. 


NOVA     SCOTIA     CENSUS,    1851-1881. 


Counties. 

1851. 

1861. 

1871. 

1881. 

Increase 

1851 

to 

1861. 

Increase 

1861 

to 

1871. 

Increase 

1871 

to 

i83i. 

Halifax     .     . 

39,112 

49,021 

56.963 

67.917 

25-33% 

16.20% 

19-23% 

Colchester    . 

15-469 

20,045 

23.33' 

26,720 

29-58% 

16.39% 

14-52% 

Cumberland. 

14.339 

•9.533 

23.5'S 

27,368 

36.22% 

20.40% 

12.11% 

Pictou  .     .     . 

25.593 

28,785 

32,114 

35.535 

12.47% 

U.56% 

10.65% 

Antigonish    . 

13.467 

14,871 

16,512 

18,060 

10.42% 

11.03% 

9-38% 

Guysborough 

10,838 

12,713 

16,555 

17,808 

17-30% 

30.22% 

7.56% 

Inverness 

16.917 

19,967 

23.415 

25,651 

18.02% 

17-26% 

9-54% 

Richmond     . 

10,381 

12,607 

14,268 

15,121 

21.44% 

13-17% 

5-97% 

Victoria        ) 

27.580 

9.643 

11,346 

12,470 

- 

17-66% 

9-02% 

Cape  Breton) 

- 

20,866 

26,454 

31.258 

- 

26.77% 

16.64% 

Hants  .     .     . 

14.330 

17.460 

21,301 

23.359 

21.14% 

21.90% 

9.66% 

Kings  .     .    . 

14.138 

18,731 

21,510 

23.469 

32.48% 

14.83% 

9.06% 

Annapolis     . 

14,286 

i6,9S3 

18,121 

20,598 

17-26% 

6.88% 

13-66% 

Digby  .     .    . 

12,252 

14,751 

17.037 

19,881 

20.39% 

15-49% 

16.69% 

Yarmouth     . 

13.142 

15.446 

18,550 

21,284 

17-53% 

20.09% 

14-73% 

Shelburne     . 

10,622 

10,668 

12,417 

14,913 

•43% 

16.39% 

20.10% 

Queens     .    . 

7.256 

9.365 

10,554 

10,577 

29.06% 

12.77% 

-12% 

Lunenburg    . 
Total  .    . 

16,395 

19,632 

23.834 

28,583 

1974% 

21.40% 

14.92% 

276,117 

330,857 

387,800 

440,;.72 

19-82% 

17.21% 

13-61% 

OFFICIAL   CENSUS. 


141 


YARMOUTH     COUNTY     BY     TOWNSHIPS     AND 
SUBDIVISIONS. 

The  names  are  as  stated  in  the  census  :  the  numbers  denote  the  old  electoral 
districts  as  defined  upon  the  maps  of  the  county. 


Yarmoith. 

Argi 

LE. 

No. 

!   1871-   ! 

i88t. 

1 

1 

1871. 

x88i. 

1871. 

1881. 

1      Ohio      .     .     . 

i        ^  i 
2,526 

2,843 

2,526 

■ 

2.S43 

.. 

_ 

2      Yarmouth  .     . 

5,335 

6,280 

5.335 

6.2S0 

- 

- 

3     t'hebogue  .     . 

.  '    1,674 

1.666 

1.674 

1,066 

- 

4     Carleton     .     . 

77S 

724 

77S 

724 

- 

5      Plymouth  .     . 

1,321 

•-573 

- 

1,321 

1.573 

6     Tusket  .    .     . 

2,934 

3.4S6 

- 

- 

2,934 

3.4S6 

7      Argyle  .     .     . 

1.333 

1,520 

- 

- 

1.333 

1,520 

8      Pftnico     .     . 

1,903 

2,405 

- 

- 

1.903 

2,405 

9      Kemptville     . 

3S5 

443 

- 

- 

385 

443 

10 

Tusket  River 

Total  .     . 

361 

344 

361 

344 

- 

.    18,550 

21,284 

10,674 

11,857 

7,876 

9.427 

The  last  table  will  be  better  understood  by  those  who  cannot  consult  the  county 
map,  with  the  explanation  that  Ohio  includes  Hebron,  Sandford,  and  the  Beaver 
River  and  Lake  George  districts ;  Yarmouth  takes  in  Brooklyn,  Chegoggin,  Dart- 
mouth, etc.,  and  the  district  as  far  south  as  Broad  Brook  on  the  Cove  road ; 
Carleton  includes  Deerfield,  and  the  southern  half  of  the  Kemptville  district  west  of 
the  Tusket  River;  Tusket  includes  all  the  French  settlements  on  thi  eastern  side 
of  the  Tusket  River,  exce[)t  Surette's  and  Morris'  Islands,  which  are  in  the  Argyle 
district ;  and  No.  10,  Tusket  River,  may  be  defined  generally  as  the  Tusket  Lakes 
district,  north  of  Tusket  bridge,  on  the  western  side  of  the  main  branch  of  the 
Tusket  River,  which  includes  Canaan. 

A  remarkable  feature  in  the  table  is,  that,  notwithstanding  many  removals  from 
Argyle  to  Yarmouth  during  the  period  under  consideration,  the  net  increase  of  Yar- 
mouth is  only  II  per  cent,  while  that  of  Argyle  Township  is  very  near  20  per  cent. 

But  the  most  noteworthy  feature,  almost  everv  where  presented  in  both  tables, 
is  the  depopulation  of  Nova  Scotia  occasioned  by  the  British  North-America  Act 
of  Confederation. 


143 


OFFICIAL   CENSUS. 


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CHAPTER   X. 

Acadians  of  Argyle.  —  Father  Manning's  Sketch.  —  Haliburton's  Estimate  of  Acadians.  — 
Their  Industry  and  Enterprise.  —  Er.^".;'i  and  French  Captains  of  Argyle. — Their 
:?ervices  sought  .Abroad.  —  Tusket  Ship-builders.  —  -Argyle  Ship-owners  and  Ship-masters. 

—  Capts.  Murphy,  Blauvelt,  Hatfield,  and  Hilaire  Pothier.  —  Pierre  Doucette  of  1797. 

—  Pierre  and  Denis  Surette.  —  Solon  Doucette.  —  Leon  Pothier.  —  Jean  Bourque. — 
.Vnselme  O.  Pothier. — Ambroise  .-\mirault.  —  Simon  D'Entremont. — Eel-Brook  Patri- 
archs of  Half  a  Century  Ago.  —  The  Doucettes  of  "The  Forks."  —  .Acadians' Claim  to 
One  of  the  Seats  in  Parliament.  —  Author's  Estimate  of  the  .Acadians  of  Argyle. 

IN  Campbell's  History  of  the  County  of  Yarmouth,  prominence  is  given 
to  a  few  of  the  later  citizens,  who,  in  their  several  sj.  heres  of  duty, 
and  at  different  periods,  fairly  gained  the  distinction  assigned  to  them. 
For  the  most  part,  however,  these  have  been  men  in  the  ti  wn  of  Yar- 
mouth, or  its  immediate  vicinity,  who  either  occupied  official  station, 
or  belonged  to  one  of  the  learned  professions ;  while,  with  rare  excep- 
tions, those  who  made  the:'-  _  ositions  possible,  and  wiio  had  the  largest 
share  in  creating  for  Yarmouth  the  pre-eminence  -.lie  long  enjoyed,  have 
no  place  in  Campbell's  pages: 

We  therefore  look  in  vain  for  names  —  some,  indeed,  found  upon 
promiscuous  lists,  but  many  more  not  at  all  or  scarcely  mentioned  in 
Campbell's  History  —  which  deserve  mention  equally  with  the  most 
prominent  of  those  we  find  there,  — the  names  of  the  men  who  have  left 
permanent  monuments  of  their  enterprise  and  industry  all  over  the  face 
of  Yarmouth  County ;  who  reduced  the  forests  to  well-cultivated  farms, 
fronting  upon  roads  of  an  excellence  acknowledged  to  be  unequalled 
in  any  other  county  of  Nova  Scotia ;  who  built  and  sailed  the  schooners 
of  the  last  century,  and  the  ships  of  recent  years ;  who  built  up  the 
fishery  interests,  and  established  the  foreign  trade ;  and  whose  spirited 
commercial  adventures  have  sent  Yarmouth  ships,  commanded  by  Yar- 
mouth captains,  to  every  port  of  considerable  magnitude  to  which  ships 
of  any  nation  resort. 


ACADIA NS  OF  ARGYLE.  I45 

Beginning  at  1761,  let  us  follow  down  the  century,  and  recall  the 
achievements  of  the  men  who  themselves,  or  through  their  descendants, 
have  enabled  Yarmouth  to  have  a  history.  And  as,  even  before  1761, 
the  ancestors  of  many  of  the  French  people,  who  are  now  so  prominent 
in  Argyle  Township,  were  the  first  white  men  to  occupy  our  shores  with 
a  view  to  permanent  settlement,  it  is  but  fitting  that  the  lionest-hearted 
Acadians  of  Argyle  she  ild  have  our  first  attention. 

It  has  not  been  easy  to  gather  much  accurate  knowledge  of  the 
Acadian  settlements  in  Yarmouth  County  during  the  huntlred  years 
preceding  the  dei^lorable  events  of  1755.  Not  unlikely  there  exist 
in  France,  and  possibly  at  Quebec,  ancient  chronicles  relating  to  them  ; 
and  one  purpose  to  be  served  by  these  observations,  and  by  the  book 
which  called  them  forth,  is  to  awaken  inquiry  leading  to  the  acquisition  of 
facts  which  may  be  useful  to  the  future  historian  of  Yarmouth  County. 

The  Acadians  of  Argyle  can  be  here  introduced  to  the  reader  in  no 
other  way  so  well  as  by  making  copious  extracts  from  the  admirable 
letter  of  Father  Manning  of  Eel  Brook,  which  recently  appeared  in  the 
Halifax  and  Yarmouth  papers ;  and  the  letter  of  Father  Manning  is  so 
perfect  in  delineation,  and  so  complete  in  detail,  that  nothing  need  be 
added  to  portray  the  characteristics  of  this  valuable  element  in  the 
progress  of  Yarmouth  County  since  1761. 

Father  Manning  says,  — 

"  When  Governor  Richey  visited  one  of  the  academies  of  higher 
ethication  for  fair  Acadians,  the  first  demoiselle  to  whom  he  spoke  told 
him  her  name  was  Evangeline.  So  there  are  Evangelines  after  all  — 
the  name  is  not  mythical.  That  same  demoiselle,  by  the  way,  boasts 
now  that  she  has  shook  hands  with  '  Le  Roi.'  It  is  the  correct  thing 
to  speak  of  these  people  as  interesting.  No  doubt  they  are,  but 
something  more  as  well.  They  occupy  a  very  important  position  in 
Yarmouth  County  to-day,  and  they  are  destined  to  become  a  much 
more  potent  social  and  political  factor  in  the  near  future. 

"  Their  history,  as  far  as  this  county  is  concerned,  may  be  said  to 
commence  with  1767.  Acadian  settlements  there  were  before  that  date, 
but  the  step-fatherly  care  of  the  British  Government  induced  the  settlers 
to  leave  the  Province  and  go  '  'cross  to  Boston.'  That  sort  of  emigration 
is  not  encouraged  now.     The  cruel  system  of  deportation   has   found 


146  ACADTANS  OF  ARGYLE. 

a  few  defenders  ;  but  the  majority  of  litterateurs,  who  have  discussed  the 
affair,  agree  with  one  of  the  commanders  of  the  '  Crowbar  Brigade,' 
that  it  was  a  business  they  were  ashamed  to  have  hand  or  part  in. 
Latterly,  descendants  of  successful  rebels  over  the  border,  and  even 
Bluenose  ex-governors  and  ex-premiers,  have  undertaken  to  excuse  the 
miserable  act,  and  even  the  brutal  manner  in  which  it  was  carried  out. 
There  stands,  however,  the  fact,  that  the  Neutrals  were  soothed  and 
deceived  until  their  rulers  felt  strong  enough  to  act,  and  then  the 
'  chucking-out '  process  began.  Yarmouth  County  contains  descend- 
ants of  some  who  declined  the  invitation  to  '  get  out ; '  and  of  others 
who  took  possession  of  the  schooners  that  did  the  passenger  trafific  of 
those  days  :  and  the  same  spirit  that  animated  these  never-willing-to-be- 
slaves  people,  lives  to-day  in  the  hearts  of  their  children. 

"The  Acadian  is  not  easily  depressed.  He  is  naturally  hopeful. 
His  wants  are  few  and  easily  attainable.  He  has  seen  some  of  his 
former  persecutors  incontinenUy  '  fired  out '  of  their  own  country  a  few 
years  later ;  and  though  he  may  now  and  then  wave  a  left-handed  blessing 
over  the  chers  Anglais,  he  is  content  to  forgive  the  past,  and  say,  '  Not 
guilty,  but  don't  do  it  again  ! '  And  it  won't  be  done  again.  For  he  has 
over  eight  thousand  coitfrcres  here  to-day.  Whatever  craze  may  possess 
some  hot-headed  Upper  Province  people  to  rant  and  rave  about  the 
preponderance  of  the  French  element  in  this  Canada-of-Ours,  no  such 
feeling  will  take  root  here.  Yarmouth  prizes  the  Acadian,  knows  him 
to  be  a  quiet,  law-abiding  citizen,  sees  that  he  is  sober  and  industrious, 
and  values  him  accordingly. 

"  There  are,  in  this  county,  six  great  centres  of  French  population, 
each  centre  being  marked  by  a  cross-crowned  church.  These  are 
Eel  Brook,  the  Wedge,  West  Pubnico,  Surette's  Island,  Quinan,  and 
East  Pubnico,  taking  them  in  the  order  of  numbers.  These  settle- 
ments have  all  been  formed  by  the  returned  exiles,  and  are  a  little  over 
a  hundred  years  old.  It  has  been  well  said  that  the  sea  has  ever  been 
their  first  earthly  friend,  and  although,  like  all  earthly  friends,  at  times 
apt  to  turn  traitor,  the  good  feeling  is  still  strong  enough  to  induce  the 
establishing  of  houses  and  hamlets  within  easy  distance  of  it. 

"The  modern  Gabriel  is,  then,  a  fisherman,  but  not  quite  of  tlie 
Izaak  Walton  stamp  ;  for  gentle  craft  would  hardly  ride  out  a  gale  '  on 


A  CADI  A  NS  OF  ARC  VLB.  147 

the  Banks.'  From  Labrador  to  Georges,  'long  shore,  the  summer 
months  see  numbers  of  Evangehne's  relatives  manning  United  States 
and  Nova  Scotia  vessels,  and  even  forming  a  large  contingent  of  what 
the  Gloucester  people  call  the  '  material  for  an  American  Navy  ! '  Of 
late  years,  under  the  guidance  of  their  spiritual  and  other  leaders,  more 
attention  is  being  paid  to  agriculture,  with  what  promises  to  turn  out 
good  results. 

.  .  .  "The  Wedge  is  a  typical  village  of  over  a  thousand  inhabit- 
ants. It  is  situated  at  the  mouth  of  the  Tusket  River,  and,  with  its  ever- 
open  harbor,  is  by  nature  a  grand  stand  for  the  fishing-business.  .  .  . 
Few  villages  of  its  size,  or  even  larger,  can  show  so  man)'  new  buildings 
going  up  in  any  one  year.  .  .  .  The  schools  there  are  graded,  and  are 
better  attended  than  any  other  portion  of  the  educational  district.  .  .  . 
The  only  obstacle  to  its  development  is  its  size,  for  it  is  too  small  in 
area  even  now.  Slowly  but  surely,  the  descendants  of  the  men  who 
StOod  by  Subercase  in  his  gallant  defence  of  Acadia  of  old,  are  turning 
the  tables  on  the  children  of  the  conqueror  by  taking  the  land,  only 
this  time  for  a  consideration.  Plymouth  and  Little  River  are  being 
populated  by  people  who  are  not  of  Puritan  descent ;  and  it  looks  as  if 
ere  long  they,  too,  will  become  French  centres.  Emigration  never 
attained  very  extensive  proportions  among  them  —  not,  that  is  to  say, 
since  1755.     They  got  enough  of  it  then. 

"  Eel  Brook  is  the  largest  parish  in  the  county,  and  the  longest.  Its 
population  is  over  three  thousand,  settled  on  the  immense  tract  of  land 
l:)etween  the  Tusket  and  the  Argyle  Rivers,  and  extending  almost  to  the 
foot  of  the  Blue  Mountains. 

..."  North  of  the  great  church,  agriculture  and  horticulture  are 
well  attended  to ;  and  Quinan,  to  the  extreme  north,  is  the  headquar- 
ters of  the  blueberry  trade,  a  comparatively  new,  but  very  lucrative, 
occupation,  that  brings  in  several  thousand  dollars  yearly.  The  place 
has  fewer  inhabitants  to  the  square  mile  than  the  Wedge  ;  but  to  a 
people  who  increase  as  the  Acadians  do,  this  is  a  decided  advantage. 
Still,  they  are  invading  the  English  centres.  Tusket  Village  has  a  large 
quota ;  and  the  relations  between  the  races  there  are,  as  they  have 
always  been,  most  cordial.  .  .  .  Perhaps  the  most  costly  academy  in 
the  Western  Counties,  and  a  magnificent  edifice  from  an  architect's 
point  of  view,  is  the  academy  of  this  place. 


148  ACADIANS  OF  ARGYLE. 

"  Surette's  Island  and  Quinan,  nine  and  ten  miles  respectively  from 
Eel  Brook  proper,  possess  new  churches  that  are  gorgeously  finished. 
The  Acadian  may  not  be  particular  as  to  his  private  aesthetic  interior ; 
but  he  does  want  his  church  to  look  nice  inside,  and  it  generally  does. 
Eel  Brook  was  one  of  the  two  residing-places  of  the  Abb^  Sigogne. 
He  built  the  first  church  in  the  county  here ;  and  the  present  edifice 
(the  third  since  his  day)  may  be  said  to  resemble  last  year's  bonnets, 
very  roomy  and  comfortable,  rather  than  stylish.  .  .  . 

"The  future  of  the  place  is  assured  ;  for  this  time  the  Acadian  has 
come  to  stay,  and  he  takes  some  pride  in  showing  it.  Judging  from  the 
size  of  some  of  the  boulders  used  in  the  cellar-walls  of  the  new  build- 
ings, particularly  those  brought  from  the  granite  quarries  of  Comeau's 
Hill,  he  seems  to  believe  in  laying  a  good,  solid  foundation. 

"  Pubnico  is  inhabited  by  a  people  whose  ancestors  were  somewhat 
better  treated  in  1755  than  the  rest  of  their  brethren.  Without  com- 
mitting themselves  to  the  assertion  that  their  religion  was  the  chief  rea- 
son for  their  transportation,  the  Acadians  have  an  idea,  that,  had  they 
shown  the  slightest  willingness  to  conform,  their  lot  would  have  been  an 
easier  one.  However  correct  this  notion  may  be,  the  early  Pubniconian 
was  informed  that  he  would  be  allowed  to  practise  his  rel'gious  duties 
if  he  consented  to  exchange  his  cleared  lands  for  other  and  poorer  sites  ; 
and  those  other  and  poorer  sites  of  a  hundred  years  ago  are  to-day  the 
tidy,  well-kept,  and  cultivated  settlements  of  East  and  West  Pubnico.  .  .  . 

"  Perhaps  with  more  reason  than  any  other  village,  Pubnico  prides 
itself  on  its  neat  dwellings  and  carefully  kept  surroundings.  It  has  the 
advantage  of  resident  artisans  in  the  painting  and  furnishing  line  :  it  in- 
sures its  own  vessels,  does  its  own  outfitting,  and,  with  the  disappear- 
ance of  all  inclination  to  division,  its  future  will  become  very  bright. 

"  In  nothing,  perhaps,  does  the  Acadian  manifest  his  interest  in  the 
doings  of  the  day  more  than  by  his  prompt  response  to  the  beats  of  the 
public  pulse.  The  Wedge  has  its  gold-mine  in  its  suburbs.  Eel  Brook 
takes  a  border  share  of  pride  in  the  success  of  the  neighboring  Kempt- 
ville  finds.  But  Pubnico  has  taken  the  gold-fever  right  to  heart,  has 
covered  the  whole  peninsula  with  prospecting  licenses,  and  has  suc- 
ceeded in  striking  valuable  leads  almost  in  its  very  cei.ars.  Whether  the 
home  company  will  undertake  to  run  the  mine  itself,  or  will  sell  out  to 


ACADIANS  OF  ARGYLE.  149 

outsiders  with  more  capital  and  experience,  is  yet  undecided.  Just  now, 
with  trade  dull  and  fish  low,  the  mine  story  comes  in  as  a  welcome  relief, 
and  is,  after  the  weather,  the  main  topic  of  conversation.  It  is  not 
probable  that  gold-mining  will  ever  take  an  exclusive  hold  of  the  inhab- 
itants ;  but  they  are  quite  willing  to  share  in  any  profits  that  might  accrue 
from  incidental  workings  '  between  fishin's,'  and  in  the  benefit  that  may 
result  from  the  coming  in  of  capital  from  abroad. 

"As  regards  church  accommodation,  Pubnico  is  waiting,  —  waiting 
to  see  what  will  be  the  latest,  newest,  finest  building  elsewhere.  Then 
they  are  going  to  work  to  beat  that.  They  are  bound  to  break  the 
record 

"  Yarmouth  Town  has  a  large  and  ever-increasing  French  population, 
with  more  signs  of  '  coming  to  stay  '  than  heretofore.  Some  of  them  are 
working  their  way  up  to  good  positions ;  for  Yarmouth  is  by  no  means 
bigoted,  and  the  race  hatred  said  to  exist  somewhere  on  earth  has  no 
place  here.  The  clergy,  as  a  rule,  are  about  as  fond  of  seeing  their 
people  leave  their  homes  for  foreign  parts,  as  the  Irish  hierarchy  are  of 
sending  their  flocks  across  the  '  herring-pond.' 

"  Religion  has  ever  and  always  held  a  foremost  place  in  the  hearts 
and  actions  of  these  people.  As  soon  as  a  group  of  families  become 
twenty  in  number,  up  goes  a  chi"-ch;  and  this  is  replaced  by  a  more 
commodious  one  when  increasing  means  and  numbers  warrant  its  erec- 
tion. 

"  Church  picnics  are  a  specialty.  In  no  other  gathering  in  the 
Dominion  is  there  shown  such  a  capital  chance  to  have  fun,  and  to  give 
others  some  too.  .  .  .  For  one  anxious  to  study  the  Acadian  character, 
a  picnic  presents  exceptional  opportunities.  Quite  an  amount  is  raised 
at  these  gatherings ;  for  his  reverence  goes  into  business  only  once  a 
year,  and  he  wants  a  hundred  per  cent.     And  he  generally  gets  it. 

"  Politics  hold  nearly  as  large  a  place  in  the  sentiment  of  these 
people  as  in  those  of  the  average  Bluenose.  The  balance  of  power  in 
this  county  is  in  their  hands.  They  divide  on  party  questions,  but  there 
is  a  marked  distinction  between  the  Acadian  Lib'^ial  and  the  Quebec 
Rouge.  Of  late  years,  they  have  been  receiving  a  decent  share  of  public 
moneys  in  the  line  of  wharves  and  piers,  a  needed  improvement  for  folks 
as  timid  as  they  are  about  expressing  their  w  »nts.     They  view  politics  as 


ISO  ACAD/AXS  OF  ARGYLE. 

a  trade,  and  are  inclined  to  treat  those  wlio  want  to  deal  with  them 
from  a  business  stand-point.  And  they  have  a  singular  predilection  for 
a  candidate  who  keeps  on  canvassing  all  the  time. 

"  Educated  and  progressive,  the  Yarmouth  Acadian  is  more  than  a 
match  for  his  Saxon  compeer  intelleciu."!!/,  ,v;  d  his  record  as  a  law- 
abiding  citizen  stands  higher.  It  is  not  likely  he  will  lose  the  national 
characteristics  for  some  generations.  The  great  French  revival  wave  had 
somewhat  spent  its  force  before  it  struck  the  still  waters  of  Acadia,  but 
its  influence  was  felt.  The  kirtles  and  caps  are  seldom  seen  now.  The 
latest  styles  are  caught  up  quickly,  and  kept  up  faithfully  ;  but  the  home 
habits  are  unchanged,  and  seem  unchangeable.  Still,  the  Acadian  is 
quick  to  perceive  the  advantage  of  having  English  enou'rh  to  get  a  good 
start  in  the  race  for  life,  and  every  year  he  is  securing  ,  better  place  for 
the  finish.  He  is  not  going  to  send  in  his  jackets,  and  quit  the  course. 
He  is  already  creditably  represented  in  the  councils,  and  is  believed  to 
be  nursing  aspirations  for  higher  political  honors  ;  he  has  secured  a 
good  share  in  general  business ;  and  when,  in  a  few  years,  he  shall  find 
himself  represented  in  the  clerical,  legal,  and  medical  professions,  as  he 
now  is  in  the  political,  mercantile,  and  pedagogical  ones,  he  will  be  more 
than  ever  qualified  to  take  and  keep  his  place  as  an  important  factor  in 
the  community.  He  loves  fun,  but  he  is  not  afraid  of  hard  work  ;  he  is 
content  to  live  frugally,  even  when  well  off;  he  has  an  inventive  genius 
that  he  can  turn  to  practical  advantage ;  and  these  qualities,  combined 
with  a  childlike  love  for  his  Mother  Church,  and  a  great  fondness  for  his 
native  country,  are  just  what  are  needed  to  assure  a  prosperous  future 
for  this  Yarmouth  Acadian." 

Before  his  elevation  to  the  bench,  Judge  Haliburton  represented  in 
the  Provincial  Legislature  the  old  County  of  Annapolis,  which  included 
the  Townships  of  Digby  and  Clare.  The  judge  was  very  popular  with 
his  French  constituents ;  between  him  and  them  a  mutual  confidence 
e.viited ;  and,  in  his  history  of  Nova  Scotia,  he  pays  them  this  tribute  : 
"  Unambitious  and  frugal,  they  live  within  their  means ;  devoted  to  their 
old  form  of  worship,  they  are  not  divided  by  religious  discords ;  and 
being  cheerful  in  their  disposition,  and  moral  in  their  habits,  they  enjoy 
perhaps  as  much  happiness  as  is  consistent  with  the  frailties  of  human 
nature."       -^    


A  CADI  AX  INDUSTR  Y.  I  5  I 

It  will  be  observed  how  closely  Judge  Haliburton's  views  coincide 
with  those  of  Father  Manning,  as  indeed  they  will  with  those  of  all 
persons  who  have  enjoyed  the  privilege  of  a  personal  acquaintance 
with  the  Acadians  of  Yarmouth  and  Digby  Counties. 

A  correspondent  of  "  The  Yarmouth  Herald,"  writing  upon  the 
deep-sea  fisheries,  in  November,  1875,  says,  "  In  the  Township  of  Argyle, 
except  the  traders  and  office-holders,  every  man  almost  is  a  shipwright  or 
a  fisherman.  Every  able-bodied  Frenchman  there  can  handle  a  broad- 
axe  or  a  fishing-line  with  equal  skill.  They  can  build  or  repair  their  fish- 
ing-craft in  the  winter,  and  man  them  in  the  summer  season."  Writing 
upon  the  same  subject  to  the  "Herald"  in  May,  1882,  he  says,  "Yar- 
mouth County  in  her  fishery-products  already  holds  a  foremost  place  ; 
and  that  portion  of  it  known  as  Pubnico  is  not  surpassed  by  any  settle- 
ment in  Nova  Scotia  in  the  thrift  and  independence  of  its  people,  whose 
neat  and  cheerful  cottages,  trim  enclosures,  and  well-cultivated  farms, 
greet  the  visitor  upon  either  side  of  their  beautiful  harbor ;  and,  be  it 
remembered,  this  happy  condition  has  been  attained  through  a  perse- 
vering prosecution  of  the  fisheries,  undaunted  by  an  occasional  failure 
and  disappointment." 

The  steady  growth  of  Yarmouth  in  commercial  importance,  and  the 
increase  of  her  foreign  trade,  during  the  last  half-century,  have  been 
largely  due  to  the  industry  and  enterprise  of  the  people  living  upon  the 
banks  of  the  Tusket  and  Argyle  Rivers,  at  Eel  Brook  and  at  Pubnico. 
They  themselves  built  the  fishing-vessels  from  the  timber  their  own  lands 
supplied.  The  fish  these  vessels  brought  to  market  enabled  the  port  of 
Yarmouth  to  maintain  and  extend  her  commerce  with  the  West  Indies, 
and,  in  a  lesser  degree,  with  the  United  States. 

It  is  conceded  that  Argyle  fishermen  have  no  superiors  in  Ameri- 
can waters,  which  fact  now  moves  the  owners  of  the  fishing-vessels  of 
Massachusetts  and  Maine  to  oppose  a  renewal  of  the  fishery  clauses  of 
the  Washington  Treaty,  in  order  that  they  may  be  able,  upon  their  otvn 
terms,  to  secure  first-class  crews  from  among  the  fishermen  of  Nova 
Scotia. 

A  bare  mention  of  the  names  of  some  Argyle  skippers  will  serve  to 
recall  the  records  they  have  made,  both  at  home  and  abroad.  Tusket 
Wedge  has  been  well  represented  by  the  many  captains  bearing  the 


152  ACADIAN  ENTERPRISE. 

names  of  Boudreau,  Cothereau,  De  Villiers,  Doucette,  Le  Blanc,  Pothier, 
and  Richard ;  Plymouth  by  Capt.  Freeman  Johnson ;  Tusket,  Eel 
Brook,  and  Surette's  Island  by  the  Capts.  Babin,  Boucher,  Bourque, 
Le  Blanc,  Meuse,  Pothier,  and  Surette  ;  Argyle  and  Pubnico  by  Capts 
Amirault,  Campbell,  D'Entremont,  Duon,  Forbes,  Frost,  Ciayton,  Good- 
win, Hines,  Larkin,  Lennox,  MacComiskey,  MacDonnell,  Montague, 
Morrisey,  Murphy,  Nickerson,  Rankin,  Roberts,  Ryder,  Spinney* 
Watson,  and  Whitehouse. 

Not  only  at  home  have  these  Argyle  captains  established  a  first-class 
reputation,  and  largely  contributed  to  the  general  prosperity  and  wealth 
of  the  county  :  there  has  been  an  eager  demand  for  their  services  as 
captains  of  some  of  the  finest  schooners  of  Gloucester  and  other  ports 
of  Massachusetts  engaged  in  the  cod-fishery.  It  is  in  this  branch  of  the 
fisheries  that  Yarmouth  vessels  have  heretofore  been  chiefly  employed  ; 
but,  under  the  new  Reciprocity  Treaty  soon  to  be  negotiated  with  the 
United  States,  our  vessels  will  be  found  visiting  the  Banks  in  the  winter 
season,  and  meeting  the  mackerel  off  Hatteras  in  April  when  these  fish 
have  begun  their  annual  journey  for  the  North.  In  this  way  only  can 
true  reciprocity  be  realized. 

Argyle  Township  has  shared  the  honors  with  Yarmouth  in  another 
direction.  Some  of  our  largest  and  finest  ships  have  been  commanded 
by,  and  borne  upon  their  registry  such  names  as,  John,  Cornelius  E.,  and 
John  E.  Murphy  of  Pubnico  ;  J.  R.  and  A.  W.  Blauvelt,  and  Norman  B. 
Hatfield,  of  Tusket.  Capt.  Robert  R.  Blauvelt  of  Tusket  has  for  many 
years  been  known  as  the  energetic  and  trusty  commander  of  the  steamer 
Dominion ;  and  Capt.  Hilaire  Pothier,  more  than  thirty  years  ago  in 
charge  of  one  of  the  largest  fishing-craft  of  the  county,  has  of  la 
years  commanded  vessels  engaged  in  the  foreign  carrying-trade. 

Faithful  workmen  and  skilful  shipwrights,  the  French  people  of  Argyle 
have  supplied  far  more  than  their  proportional  part  of  the  labor 
employed  in  the  ship-yards  of  the  county.  Tusket  ship-yards  have 
taken  and  held  the  lead  in  turning  out  large  ships. 

The  first  ship  owned  in  Yarmouth  of  i,ooo  tons,  or  upward,  was  the 
bark  Grace,  built  at  Tusket  by  Benjamin  Richards  for  E.  W.  B.  Moody  and 
J.  W.  Moody  in  1854.  Her  tonnage  was  not  exceeded  until  1861,  when 
John  Richards  built  at  Yarmouth  for  Thomas  Killam  the  ship  Research, 


TUSKET  SHIP-YARDS. 


153 


1,459  tons,  in  which  year  also  Nathaniel  B.  Gardner  built  at  Tusket  for 
Samuel  Killam  the  ship  Home,  ijZyi  tons.  Tusket,  bound  to  lead,  sent 
out  in  1863  the  ship  N.  ^  E.  Gardner,  1,465  tons,  built  by  N.  B. 
Gardner  for  Samuel  Killam,  which  ship  led  the  list  until  1872,  when  the 
ship  Rossignol,  1,509  tons,  was  launched  from  the  ship-yard  of  James 
Adolphus  Hatfield  at  Tusket  for  Young,  Kinney,  &  Corning,  Denis 
Surette  being  master-builder. 

The  Research  is  the  largest  ship  so  far  launched  in  Yarmouth 
Harbor;  while  Tusket,  since  1861,  besides  those  already  mentioned, 
and  others  built  near  Argyle  Bridge  and  at  Plymouth,  has  set  afloat 
twenty-three  ships  exceeding  1,000  tons,  besides  a  good  many  smaller 
vessels ;  viz.,  — 


1869. 
1870, 
1872 

1873 
1873. 
1873 
1874 
1874 
1S75 

1875 
187s 

1875 


Herbert  Beech 
Royal  Charter 

Edgar      .     . 
Adolphus 
Royal  Charter 
Regina      .     . 
Lydia  .     .     . 
Sarah  . 
Walter  D.  Wallett 
John  Murphy 
y.  S.  Wright 
Ecuador  .     . 


1,061  tons. 

1878. 

Mabd  Taylor  .      . 

1,298  tons 

1.247 

(( 

1879. 

William  Law  .     .     . 

1. 599    " 

I, '3° 

«( 

1879. 

Charles    .... 

1,500    " 

1.318 

(( 

1880. 

Alihie  S.  Hart  .     . 

1,450    " 

1.304 

it 

1880. 

Nettie  Murphy 

I -373    " 

1,212 

(( 

1880. 

Patagonia      .     .     . 

.     1,199    " 

1,200 

tl 

iSSi. 

Thomas  A''.  Hart  . 

.     1,460    " 

1,176 

(( 

1882. 

Guiana     .... 

.     1,265    " 

1.413 

(< 

1883. 

Fred.  B.  Taylor    . 

1,798    " 

1. 471 

(i 

1884. 

Ellen  A.  Read  .     . 

1,750    " 

1,274 

(( 

1886. 

Louise  M.  Fuller  . 

1,680    " 

1,059 

ii 

In  1875  the  Annie  M.  Law,  1,178  tons,  was  built  at  Argyle ;  in  the 
same  year,  i)\e  Paul  Boy/on,  1,097  tons;  and  in  1877,  the  Tsernogora, 
1,252  tons,  at  Plymouth,  at  which  place  also  was  launched,  in  1863,  the 
Robert  Sims,  (i\i  tons;  in  1866,  the  W.  H.  Moody,  686  tons;  in  1872, 
the  George  B.  Doane,  941  tons;  and  in  1874,  the  Magnolia,  998  tons. 

In  1 791  the  shipping  of  Yarmouth  County  comprised  26  vessels, 
554  tons;  average,  21  tons.  In  1808  it  had  reached  a  total  of  41 
vessels,  1,880  tons;  average,  46  tons;  and  among  the  owners  previous 
to  1808,  we  find  the  names  of  Amirault,  D'Entremont,  Surette,  Larkin, 
Hobbs,  Ricker,  Ryder,  Frost,  Jeffery,  Goodwin,  Nickerson,  and  Hatfield, 
all  of  Pubnico,  Argyle,  and  Tusket,  as  owners  of  24  vessels,  970  tons; 
average,  40  tons. 


154  PIERRE  SURETTE. 

In  1797  we  also  find  C  p^.  Pi>rre  Doucette  in  charge  of  one  of  the 
largest  vessels  at  that  time  owned  in  the  county,  —  the  schooner  Peggy, 
50  tons,  belonging  to  James  Kelley  of  Kelley's  Cove,  and  engaged  in 
the  coasting-trade  in  such  treacherous  waters  as  those  between  St.  Andrews 
and  Varmouth,  when  there  were  neither  charts  nor  lights  to  guide  the 
mariner,  though  he  may  have  had  a  traditional  knowledge  of  headlands 
and  of  soundings  not  possessed  by  Champlain  on  his  first  voyage  along 
the  coast. 

The  first  decked-vessels  built  at  Eel  Brook  were  the  Defiance,  by 
Joseph  Bourque  in  1803,  and  the  Rainbow,  by  Frangois  Bourque  in 
1804,  each  of  41  tons  register. 

Besides  the  smaller  vessels  built  by  the  French  for  themselves  and 
others,  it  is  worthy  of  note  that  Denis  Surette,  of  Eel  Brook,  was  master- 
builder,  besides  others  at  Argyle,  of  some  large  ships  launched  at  Tusket 
in  recent  years  from  the  ship-yard  of  J.  Adolphus  Hatfield,  for  himself 
and  Yarmouth  owners. 

In  1845  o""  thereabouts,  Pierre  Surette  of  Eel  Brook,  father  of  Denis, 
built  at  Cape  Cove,  Clare,  for  Felix  Deveau,  sen.,  the  topsail  schooner 
Mary  Jane.  Two  years  afterward,  when  negotiating  her  sale,  Felix 
extolled  her  sailing  qualities.  He  said,  "  When  she  went  to  Boston,  it 
took  two  pilot-boats  to  catch  her,  one  ahead,  and  the  other  astern."  '  In 
1847  the  Mary  Jane  was  purchased  by  Yarmouth  parties,  and  rigged 
into  a  brigantine ;  and  in  November,  1849,  with  a  crew  of  some  twenty 
Yarmouth  men,  nearly  all  shareholders  in  the  vessel  and  her  cargo  of 
building  materials,  etc.,  she  sailed  for  San  Francisco,  where  in  due  time 
she  safely  arrived,  having  on  the  way  touched  at  Juan  Fernandez  and 
the  Galipagos  Islands. 

Ebenezer  Scott,  Ebenezer  Haley,  James  and  Silas  Baker,  William 
Cook,  Freeman  Dennis,  Charles  and  Robert  Hilton,  George  W.  Brown, 
and  Benjamin  Killam,  of  the  California  expedition  of  1849,  some  of  them 
men  past  middle  life,  were  representatives  of  the  families  of  the  early 
settlers  of  Yarmouth  from  1761  to  1776,  and  were  moved  by  a  like  spirit 
of  adventure. 

•  Once,  when  beating  through  the  Grand  Passage,  the  Mary  Jane  ran  upon  a  ledge;  and  but  for 
the  assistance  of  Capt.  Holland  E.  Payson  and  a  boat's  crew  from  the  shore,  she  would  have  been  lost. 
When  safely  anchored  at  Westport,  Capt.  Felix,  in  accounting  for  the  disaster,  exclaimed,  "  By  gosh ! 
she  sailed  so  fast  I  couldn't  stop  her !  " 


LEON  POTHIER.  155 

Benjamin  B.  Redding,  a  native  of  Yarmouth  and  of  a  branch  of  the 
family  of  the  JJenjamin  Redding  of  1765,  was  one  of  the  crew  of 
the  Mary  Jane.  He  attained  to  high  distinction  in  Cahfornia.  He 
became  State  printer,  mayor  of  Sacramento,  United  States  Government 
land  agent,  and,  in  1873,  he  was  sent  to  Austria  to  represent  the  State  of 
California  at  the  Vienna  Exhibition.  So  Pierre  Surce  of  F-el  lirook 
contributed  to  Yarmouth  history ;  for  it  can  be  logical)  ablished,  that, 
if  Pierre  Surette  had  not  modelled  and  built  that  fast-sailing  schooner, 
Mr.  Redding  would  not  have  likely  reached  these  honors  in  California, 
nor  would  some  late  Yarmouth  firms  have  attained  the  rank  they  held 
upon  the  list  of  ship-owners. 

The  navigation  of  the  Tusket  River  from  the  village  to  the  sea  is 
very  intricate,  and  in  some  parts  dangerous.  The  1,500-ton  ship  being 
launched  at  Tusket,  and  ready  for  sea,  a  skilful  and  experienced  pilot  is 
an  absolute  necessity ;  and  Solon  Doucette  of  Tusket  Hill  has  for  many 
years  been  one  of  the  few  men  whr^  could  be  relied  upon  to  conduct  the 
largest  ship  safely  through  the  shoals  and  ledges  of  the  Tusket  River, 
and  of  the  islands  at  its  mouth. 

Other  old  Argyle  families  have  furnished  renowned  master  ship- 
builders, whose  names  will  be  found  in  a  future  chapter.  Among  the 
more  recent  of  these  may  be  here  mentioned  Joseph  and  Stephen 
Jeffery  and  Gabriel  Servant,  who  designed  and  built  at  Tusket  many  of 
the  largest  and  finest  ships  which  have  ever  been  enrolled  upon  the 
Yarmouth  books  of  registry, 

Leon  Pothier,  of  Eel  Lake,  stands  pre-eminent  for  the  construction 
of  bridges  and  country  roads.  Tusket  Bridge  and  its  approaches  bear 
testimony  to  his  excellent  judgment  and  mechanical  ingenuity  ;  and 
often,  ^^':en  an  alteration  in  a  main  post-road  requiring  more  than 
Ox<_  :ary  engineering  abil!iy  has  been  decided  on,  the  services  of  L^on 
Pothier  have  been  deemed  essential. 

Ambrc!:°  Amirault  of  ^ubnico,  a  master  ship-builder,  invented  an 
approved  steering-gear  and  a  windlass-gear  for  vessels ;  and  now,  in  his 
seventy-eighth  year,  he  is  endeavoring  to  perfect  an  apparatus  of  his  own 
devising  for  raising  sunken  ships. 

Jean  Bourque  2d  of  Eel  Brook,  in  the  leisure  moments  of  his 
younger  days,  made  himself  so  familiar  with  the  mechanism  of  a  watch, 


156  SIMON  D'ENTREMONT. 

that  the  people  of  Argyle  would  allow  him  little  leisure  thereafter.  He 
became  a  thorough  mathematician  and  a  land-surveyor :  he  designed 
and  built  at  Eel  Brook  those  fast-sailing  schooners,  the  Zouave  and 
Louis  A.  Surette.  And  Anselme  O.  Pothier  of  Tusket  Wedge,  as  an 
accountant,  self-taught,  as  one  may  say,  has  had  no  superior  in  Yarmouth 
County. 

Simon  D'l']ntreniont  of  Pubnico,  now  approaching  his  hundredth 
year,  represented  Argyle  Township  in  the  Provincial  Legislature  fifty 
years  ago ;  and,  as  he  reminded  a  visitor  in  1882,  of  all  the  men  who 
served  in  Parliament  with  him,  Sir  William  Young  and  the  Hon.  William 
Annand  alone  survive.'  No  one  of  his  race  has  been  since  sent  to 
Parliament  from  Yarmouth  County.  In  view  of  their  intelligence  and 
native  honesty,  their  relative  numbers  and  social  standing,  simple  justice 
would  seem  to  demand  that  the  Acadians  should  have  their  turr.  at  least 
twice  in  fifty  years. 

A  descendant  of  the  Claude  de  La  Tour  who,  in  1629,  was  created 
a  baronet  of  Nova  Scotia,  now  representing  Yarmouth  County  in  the 
House  of  Commons,  would  command  uncommon  respect  and  consid- 
eration, as  well  from  his  honorable  descent  as  from  his  connection  with 
the  ill-used  exiles  of  1755  »  while  his  compatriots  from  Quebec  would 
be  sure  to  unite  in  any  demand  he  might  make  for  his  constituency  in 
that  distribution  of  the  "  loaves  and  fishes  "  which  often  enters  into 
"  the  order  of  the  day." 

Nor  need  the  choice  of  a  candidate  be  confined  to  Pubnico  alone. 
There  must  be  many  a  developing  possibility  at  Tusket  Wedge,  the 
other  side  of  Argyle  Township  ;  while  at  Eel  Brook,  the  centre,  so  to 
say,  among  the  descendants  of  the  patriarchs  of  fifty  years  ago,  —  those 
men  of  stalwart  form,  dignified  presence,  and  gentlemanly  demeanor, 
among  whom  may  be  named  Pierre  Pothier,  Jean  Baptiste  Pothier, 
Joseph  Bourque,  Basile  Bourque,  Charles  Babin,  Paul  Surette,  Paul 
Frangois  Surette,  and  Alhanase  Surette,^  —  men  are  surely  to  be  found 
who  would  bring  credit  to  Yarmouth  as  her  representatives  in  Parliament. 

Contemporary  with  these  men  were  James  Doucette  and  Joseph 
Doucette   of  "  the    Forks,"  said   to  have  been  descended  from  John 

~  -  '  Appendix  M.        . _       .    _       ..__  i    _        

2  Appendix  N. 


ACADIAN   I'lRTUES.  1 57 

Doucette,  who,  from  171 7  to  1726,  was  lieutenant-governor  of  Annapolis 
Royal. 

Joseph  Howe  began  the  work  of  life  as  a  printer's  boy  ;  (  harles 
Tupper,  at  a  shoemaker's  bench  ;  S.  L.  Tilley,  as  an  apothecary's  appren- 
tice, a  station  for  which  his  talents  fitted  him.  Abraham  Lincoln's 
work  as  a  rail-splitter  brought  him  thousands  of  votes  for  the  Presidency. 
Vice-President  Hendricks  was  born  in  a  cabin  of  two  rooms  built  of 
hewn  logs,  with  a  stove-chimney  in  one  corner,  and  windows  of  greased 
paper  to  let  in  tiie  light.  The  transition,  therefore,  from  "  the  Forks  " 
to  the  House  of  Commons,  may  be  quite  within  the  ability  of  a  young 
man  of  the  blood  of  the  Doucettes.  The  path  to  the  Presidency  is  just 
now  closed  to  him,  as  only  native-bom  citizens  are  eligible  ;  but,  if  he 
really  set  his  mark  so  high,  even  that  constitutional  obstacle  may, 
perhaps,  be  overcome  by  "  annexation." 

The  .Acadians  of  Argyle  are  a  very  hospitable  people  :  their  doors 
are  innocent  of  bars  and  bolts,  and  tlv  latch-string  is  upon  the  outside. 
They  dispense  the  courtesies  of  lite  without  affectation  or  concern. 
Their  aged  people  are  treated  with  marked  respect  and  consideration, 
so  their  days  are  "  long  in  the  land ;  "  for  the  instances  are  frequent 
of  lives  protracted  beyond  eighty  and  ninety,  and  they  sometimes 
reach  a  hundred  years.'     They  are   remarkably  free    from    all  manner 

'  "  On  the  30th  of  December,  1862,  died  on  Surette's  Island,  in  this  county,  Mrs.  Mary  Surette. 
She  was,  probably,  the  last  survivor  of  the  Acadians  expelled  from  this  Province  di'ring  the  administra- 
tion of  Gov.  Lawrence. 

"She  was  bom  at  Windsor,  in  Hants  County,  and  was,  according  to  the  statement  of  her  children, 
one  hundred  and  eight  years  and  ten  months  old  at  the  time  of  her  death:  but  she  must  have  been  at 
least  two  or  three  years  older;  for,  during  her  lifetime,  she  always  said  that  she  remembered  distinctly 
that  upon  the  arrival,  in  Boston  Harbor,  of  the  vessel  which  conveyed  thither  her  parents  and  their 
fellow-exiles,  the  captain  of  the  ves.scl  himself  carried  her  ashore  in  his  arms.  After  returning  from 
Boston,  she  remained  with  her  parents  in  the  vicinity  of  Halifa.Y  until  her  twenty-sixth  year.  At  that 
age  she  removed,  with  her  husband,  to  this  county.     The  latter  died  at  the  age  of  ninety-four, 

"  Mrs.  Surette  '.lad  lost  her  sight  a  few  years  before  her  death.  Of  her  other  faculties  she  retained 
the  use  up  to  her  last  moments.  Her  recollection  of  the  incidents  and  events  of  her  childhood  and 
youth  was  most  vivid.  She  used  frequently  to  say,  in  a  jocose  manner,  that  the  Bon  Dieu  had  for- 
gotten her. 

"The  number  of  her  surviving  descendants  is  77,  —  7  children,  25  grandchildren,  and  45  great- 
grandchildren. There  are  in  this  county  several  other  Acadian  women  whose  respective  ages  border 
on  one  hundred."  —  Contmnnicated  to  Yarmouth  Herald. 

Surette's  Island,  containing  859  acres,  and  lying  on  the  eastern  side  of  the  entrance  to  the  Tusket 
River,  was  first  settled  by  Paul  Clermont,  who  remained  there  three  years,  and  then  removed  to  Wilson's 
Island,  where,  in  October,  1812,  his  son  Francois  was  killed  by  the  pirates.  Its  next  occupant  was 
Victor  Rabin,  father  of  Char  es  and  Hippolyte  (see  Appendix  D),  from  whom,  after  a  .short  time,  the 
island  passed  into  the  possession  of  Charles  Borrom^  and  Frederic  Surette,  sons  of  Joseph  ist,  and 
brothers  of  Jean  Louis,  from  whom  are  descended  the  Surettesof  Tusket  Wedge 


158  ACADIAN   VIRTUES. 

of  offences  against  person  or  property ;  and  this  merit  arises  less 
from  the  restraints  of,  or  the  fears  of  penalties  imposed  by,  the  civil 
law,  than  from  their  innate  honesty,  and  from  their  regard  for  the  lorrect 
principles  whichthey  are  taught  in  early  life  should  govern  their  relations 
with  society. 

Tliis  C'harlc.  Borrom''  was  the  husband  of  Marie  Surette  (nit  B>bin,  and  daughter  of  Michel), 
the  lubject  of  the  foregoii.g  obituary. 

There  are  now  \i\Km  Surette's  Island  21  families:  viz.,  18  Surclte,  2  Mcuse,  and  i  I.e  Blanc. 
There  is  also  a  fine  new  church  which  has  taken  the  place  of  an  earlier  structure. 

Morris's  Island,  lying  just  to  the  eastward  of  Surette's  Island,  has  an  area  of  over  1,500  acres, 
and  is  occupied  by  upwards  of  ao  Acadian  families,  —  Moulaisons,  Meuses,  Le  Blancs,  Sureties, 
and  Clermonts. 


CHAPTER   XI. 

IC.irly  Settlers  of  Varniouth  Township.  —  French  and  F.nglish  Family  Names  1761-1886. 
—  Real-estate  Owners  of  Yarmouth  County:  Thirty-nine  French,  Six  Hundred  and 
Fifty  English,  Names.  —  Arsyle  Township  compared  with  Yarmouth  for  Purposes  of 
Settlement. 

THIS  chapter  begins  with  a  list,  copied  chiefly  from  Campbell's 
History,  of  the  early  settlers  of  Yarmouth  Township  previous  to 
1800,  with  the  year  of  arrival  and  their  former  residence.  There  are 
many  omissions  in  Campbell's  table,  some  of  which  are  here  supplied. 


1761. 
Beai,  Josiah   .    .     .     Plymouth,  Mass. 
Crosby,  Jonathan    .     Saybrook,  Conn. 
Eldridge,  Elisham?.     Barnstable,  Mass. 

Sandwich,  Mass. 

.Sandwich,  Mass. 

Sandwich,  Mass. 


Ellis,  Ebenezer  . 
Landers,  Sealed. 
Perry,  Moses  .    . 


Bain,  Alexander 
Barnes,  Seth  .     . 
Butler,  Eleazar   . 
Cain,  James    .     . 
Churchill,  Lemuel 
Coffran,  William 
Cook,  Ephraim. 
Crawley,  John    . 
Darling,  Benjamin 
Durkee,  Phineas 
Gowen,  Patrick  . 
Haley,  Ebenezer 
Holmes,  Peleg    . 
MacKinnon,  John 
Nickerson,  Nathan 


1762. 
.     Scotland. 
.     Plymouth,  Mass. 
.     Saybrook,  Conn. 
.     Massachusetts. 

Plymouth,  Mass. 

Marblehead,  Mass. 


j  Pitman,  Joseph  .  . 
I  Richardson,  John  . 
!  Ring,  George      .     . 

Robbins,  Benjamin, 
i  Robbins,  James  .     . 
{  Robinson,  Jabez 
I  Rogers,  Cornelius  . 

Saunders,  Joseph    . 

Tinkham,  Edward  . 

Utlcy,  Jonathan.     . 


Beverly,  Mass. 
Windham,  Conn. 
Kingston,  Mass. 
Plympton,  Mass. 
I'lympton,  Mass. 
Martha's  Vineyard. 
Kingston,  Mass. 
Salem,  Mass. 
Kingston,  Mass. 
Hampton,  Conn. 


Marblehead,  Mass. 
Marblehead,  Mas.*-. 
Saybrook,  Conn. 
Portsmouth,  N.H. 
Marblehead,  Mass. 
Plymouth,  Mass. 
Isle  of  Skye. 
Barnstable,  Mass. 


Baker,  Jonathan 
Brown,  Benjamin 
Crosby,  Edward 
Harris,  David     . 
Harris,  Samuel  . 
Haskell,  Robert 
Haskell,  William 
Hersey,  David    . 
Hibbard,  Eleazar 
llorton,  Levi  .    . 

1  Scott,  David  .    . 

I  Scott,  Moses  .    . 


1763. 

Marblehead,  Mass. 
Beverly,  Mass. 
Beverly,  Mass. 
Beverly,  Mass. 
]?everly,  Mass. 
Beverly,  Mass. 
Beverly,  Mass. 
Plymouth,  Mass. 
Saybrook,  Conn. 
Saybrook,  Conn. 
Fitchburg,  Mass. 
Fitchburg,  Mass. 


i6o 


EARLY  SETTLERS. 


1764. 

Corning,  Ebenezer  .  Marblehead,  Mass. 

Corning,  Jonathan  .  Marblehead,  Mass. 

Ellenwood,  Benj.     .  Salem,  Mass. 

Mattenly,  James  .    .  Salem,  Mass. 

I'earl,  David .    .     .  Savbrook,  Conn. 

Perry,  John     .     .     .  Beverly,  Mass. 

SoUows,  John     .     .  Beverly,  Mass. 

Walker,  John      .     .  Newburyp't,  Mass. 

1765- 

Bridgeo,  George .     .  England. 

Bunker,  Hezekiah  .  Nantucket,  Mass. 

Crocker,  Daniel      .  Argyle,  N.S. 

Elwell,  Nathaniel    .  Beverly,  Mass. 

Hilton,  Amos     .     .  Manchester,  Mass. 

Kelley,  James     .     .  Manchester,  Mass. 

Lovitt,  Andrew  .     .  Beverly,  Mass 

Redding,  Benjamin,  Beverly,  Mass. 

Rose,  Richard     .     .  Beverly,  Mass. 

Scott,  Jonathan  .     .  Fitchburg,  Mass. 

Trask,  Elias  .    .     .  Plymouth,  Mass. 

1766. 

Allen,  Jeremiah      .  Manchester,  Mass. 

Allen,  Samuel     .     .  Manchester,  Mass. 

Brown,  James     .     .  Ipswich,  Mass. 

Brown,  Nathan  .     .  Ipswich,  Mass. 

Burgess,  Joshua      .  Plymouth,  Mass. 

Clark,  Ebenezer      .  Ipswich,  Mass. 

Eldridge,  Barnabas,  Barnstable,  Mass. 

Ellenwood,  Samuel,  Salem,  Mass. 

Gilfillan,  James  .     .  Londonderry,  Ire. 

Gullison,  Samuel    .  New  Brunswick. 

Hooper,  Moses  .     .  Massachusetts. 

Killam,  John .     .     .  Wenham,  Mass. 

Porter,  Nehemiah  .  Ipswich,  Mass. 

Trefry,  John  .     .     .  Marblehead,  Mass. 

Trefry,  Joshua  P.    .  Marblehead,  Mass. 

Weston,  Nathan     .  Plymplon,  Mass. 

1769. 

Clements,  John  .     .  Marblehead,  Mass. 

Foote,  Zachariah    .  Beverly,  Mass. 

Porter,  Hezediah    .  Ashfield,  Mass. 


1770. 
Allen,  John    .     .    .     Marblehead,  Mass. 
Barnard,  Benjamin,    Salem,  Mass. 
Barnard,  John    .     .     Salem,  Mass. 
Patten,  Richard      .     Marblehead,  Mass. 
Williams,  Richard  .     St.  Asaph,  Wales. 

1771. 
Flint,  Thomas    .     .     Salem,  Mass. 
Wyman,  Ephraim  .     Woburn,  Mass. 

1772. 
Baker,  .Samuel  .     .    Ashford,  Conn. 
'  Bent,  Joseph  .     .     .     Plymouth,  Mass. 
Raymond,  Daniel  .     Salem,  Mass. 

1773- 

Bartlett,  Lemuel     .     Plymouth,  Mass. 

Phillips,  John  T.     .     England. 

Vickery,  Moses  .    .     Marblehead,  Mass. 


1774- 


Blaney,  Stephen 
Magray,  John 
Poole,  Samuel  S. 


Marblehead,  Mass. 
Marblehead,  Mass. 
Reading,  Mass. 


1775- 
Dennis,  Ambrose    .     Marblehead,  Mass. 
Doty,  Samuel     .    ,     Plymouth,  Mass. 
Goudey,  James  .     .     Marblehead,  Mass. 
Goudey,  Philip  .    .     Marblehead,  Mass. 
Hamilton,  Peregrine,  Virginia. 
Kinney,  Nathan  .     .    New  Bedford,  Mass. 
Lewis,  Waitstill      .     Rhode  Island. 
Patch,  Nehemiah    .     Ashfield,  Mass. 

1777. 
Crosby,  James    .     .     Yarmouth,  Mass. 
Crosby,  Lemuel      .     Yarmouth,  Mass. 
Crosby,  Theophilus,    Yarmouth,  Mass. 
Pinkney,  John     .     .     New  York. 
Shurtliif,Henry  .     .    Argyle,  N.S. 

1781. 
Strickland,  Chris.    .     Weymouth,  Mass. 
Strickland,  Jonath.,     Weymouth,  Mass. 


EARLY  SETTLERS. 


I6l 


1782. 

Cann,  Hugh  .     .     .     Marblehead,  Mass. 
Cann,  John     .     .     .     ^[arblehead,  Mass. 
Hammond,  William,    Halifa.x,  N.S. 
Porter,  George  D.  .     Lexington,  Mass. 
Porter,  Josiah     .     .     Lexington,  Mass. 

1784. 

Churchill,  Ephraim,  Plymouth,  Mass. 

Huntington,  Miner,  Windham,  Conn. 

Moses,  William  .     .  St.  Augustine,  Fla. 

Robinson,  Robert  .  Holland. 

Studley,  Tristram   .  England. 

Sullivan,  Patrick    .  Ireland. 

1785. 
Beveridge,  David  W.  Scotland. 
Dunham,  Jonathan  .     New  Jersey. 
Ellis,  Joseph  .     . 
Tedford,  Jacob  . 
Tedford,  John    . 
Tedford,  Samuel 
Thurston,  Robert 


Barnstable,  Mass. 
New  York. 
New  York. 
New  York. 
Shelburne,  N.S. 


1786. 

MacKinnie,  John    .     Ireland. 

1787. 
Bond,  Joseph  N.     .     Xeston,  Eng. 
Hayse,  John  .     .     .     Ireland. 
Marshall,  Samuel   .     New  York. 


Dane,  Thomas 
Richan,  John . 


1789. 

.    Ip:^wich,  Mass. 
.    Orkney  Islands. 


1790. 

Stephens,  William  .     Halifax,  N.S. 
Tooker,  Jacob    .     .     New  Jersey. 

179a. 
Byrnes,  Thomas     .     Ireland. 
Stanwood,  Enoch   .     Mt.  Desert,  Me. 


1793- 


Ely,  Elijah 
Scovil,  Levi 


Murphy,  John 
Shaw,  Zebina 
Valpey,  John . 


New  York. 
Horton,  N  S. 


1794. 


Ireland. 

Annapolis,  N.S. 
Marblehead,  Mass. 


1795- 


Doane,  Daniel    .     ,  Barrington,  N.S. 

Hall,  Thomas     .    .  London,  Eng. 

Horton,  Jonathan  .  New  York. 

MacConnell,  David,  Staten  Island,  N.J. 

Power,  James     .     .  Ireland. 

Shaw,  Joseph      .     .  Annapolis. 

Van  Norden,  Gabriel  New  York. 


1797. 


Harding,  Harris 
Jenkins,  James  . 

Allen,  Joseph     . 
Gardner,  Bartbtt 
Hemeon,  Philip 
Huestis,  W'illiam 
Jenkini,  John 
Jenkins,  William 


Horton,  N.S, 
New  York. 


1798. 


Argyle,  N.S. 
Nantucket. 
New  Jersey. 
Staten  Island,  N.J. 
New  York. 
New  York. 


The  records  of  the  Plymouth  Colony  throw  light  upon  the  ancestry  of  some  of 
Yarmouth's  early  settlers. 

John  Barnes  was  at  Plymouth  in  1631,  and  m.,  1633,  Mary  Plummer. 

Jonathan,  s.  John,  b.  1643,  m.,  1666,  Elizabeth  Hedge,  d.  William  of 
Yarmouth. 

John  2d,  s.  Jonathan,  b.  1669,  m.,  1693,  Mary  Bartlett,  g.  d.  Robert,  who  came 
in  the  Ann  in  1623. 

Scth,  s.  John  2d,  b.  1699,  m.,  1722,  Sarah  Wooden. 


l62  PLYMOUTH  RECORDS, 

Seth  2d,  s.  Seth,  b.  1726,  m.,  ist,  1751,  Hannah  Williams ;  2d,  1754,  Elizabeth 
Rider,  d.  ISenjamin,  gr.  s.  Samuel ;  at  Yarmouth  1643. 
Seth  Barnes  2d  had  a  daughter  Elizabeth,  b.  1754. 
Samuel  Sheldon  Poole  m.,  1775,  Oct.  19,  Elizabeth  Barnes,  d.  Seth. 
James  Cain  m.,  1777,  Dec.  2,  Mary  Barnes,  d.  Seth. 

[Barnes'  Creek,  Barnes'  Point,  Barnes'  Wharf,  are  Plymouth  landmarks.] 

RoiiERT  Bartlett  came  to  Plymouth  in  the  Ann,  1623,  and  m.,  162S,  Mary 
Warren,  d.  Richard,  came  in  Miiyflower  1620. 

Lemuel  Bartlett,  gr.  s.  Robert,  b.  1715,  m.,  1742,  Mary  Doty,  gr.  gr.  d.  of 
Edward,  came  in  Mayflower  1620. 

Lemuel  2d,  s.  Ixmuel,  b.  1744. 

Lemuel  Bartlett  m.,  1774,  Hannah  Tinkham,  d.  Edward  of  Chebogue. 

William  Ashmead  Bartlett,  b.  1846,  a  descendant  of  Robert  Bartlett  ist,  mar- 
ried the  Baroness  Burdett-Coutts. 

John  Churchill,  at  Plymouth  1643;  ""-t  1644,  Hannah  Pontus,  d.  William. 

Through  Eleazer,  b.  1652;  Stephen,  b.  1685;  and  Ephraim,  b.  1709,  we  have 
Zaccheus  Churchill  ist,  b.  1734,  and  m.,  1754,  Mary  Trask. 

Their  children  were  Elizabeth,  1755;  Zaccheus,  1757;  Mary,  1758;  and 
Ephraim. 

Josiph  Churchill,  s.  John  ist,  b.  1645,  m.,  1672,  Sarah  Hicks. 

Barnabas,  s.  Joseph,  b.  1686.  m.,  1713,  Lydia  Harlow,  gr.  d.  William;  at  Lynn 
1637,  and  ihence  to  Sandwich  and  Plymouth. 

Lemuel  Churchill  ist,  s.  Barnabas,  m.,  ist,  Lydia  Sylvester,  b.  1726,  gr.  gr. 
d.  Richard  ;  at  Plymouth  1630. 

They  had  a  son  Nathaniel,  b,  1743. 

Lemuel  Churchill  m.,  2d,  Abigail  Rider,  b.  1726,  gr.  d.  Samuel. 

They  had  Lemuel,  1754  ;  Abigail,  1756;  and  Ezra,  1758. 

In  1762  Lemuel  Churchill  sold  his  house  in  Plymouth  which  he  had  bought 
from  Nathaniel  Holmes  in  1750. 

A  homestead  property  at  Plymouth  was  sold  to  Amos  Leshure  in  1S72  which 
had  been  in  possession  of  the  Churchill  family  for  about  two  hundred  and  thirty 
years. 

John  Holmes  ist  was  at  Plymouth  in  1632. 

Nathaniel,  s.  John,  m.,  1667,  Mercy  Faunce,  b.  1651,  d.  John. 

John,  s.  Nathaniel,  b.  1682,  m.,  1709,  Sarah  Church,  b.  1686,  gr.  d.  Richard. 

They  had  a  son  Peleg,  b.  17 15. 

John  Faunce  came  in  the  Attn  in  1623,  and  Richard  Church  was  at  Plymouth 
as  early  as  1633. 

Nathaniel  Holmes  ist  built  a  house,  still  standing  (1883),  on  Court  Street, 
Plymouth,  and  owned  and  occupied  by  Ellis  T.  Lannian,  which  Mr.  Holmes  occu- 
pied until  his  death;  after  which,  in  1748,  his  children,  Widow  Mercy  Tinkham, 


PLYMOUTH  RECORDS.  1 63 

and  Patience  and  Melatiah  Holmes,  sold  it  to  Hannah  Jackson.  Mercy  Tinkham 
was  the  widow  of  Caleb,  s.  Hezekiah  ist. 

John  Jenkins,  at  Plymouth  1643,  removed  to  Barnstable,  and  in  1653  m.  Mary 
Brewer,  and  had  Sarah,  1653;  Mehitable,  1655;  Samuel,  1657  ;  John,  1659;  Mary, 
1662;  Thomas,  1666;  and  Joseph,  1669. 

Andrew  Ring,  at  Plymouth  1629,  m.,  1646,  Deborah  Hopkins,  d.  Stephen, 
wh.  ^ame  in  Mayflozver  1620. 

Eleazer,  s.  Andrew,  m.,  1687,  Mary  Shaw,  gr.  d.  John ;  at  Plymouth  in  1627. 

Samuel,  s.  Eleazer,  b   1694,  m.  Ruth  Sylvester. 

George,  s.  Samuel,  b.  1726,  m.  Lucy  Chip.man,  and  had  Louisa,  1748;  Samuel, 
1750;  Lucy,  1751  ;  George;  Marcus,  1760;  and  Sherah. 

Nicholas  Robbins,  at  Duxbury  1638,  m.  Anne  .  .  .  and  had  John,  Mary, 
Hannah,  and  Rebecca. 

John,  s.  Nicholas,  m.,  1665,  Jehosabeth  Jourdan. 

Jeduthan  (Plympton),  s.  John,  m.,  1694,  Hannah  Pratt. 

Jeduthan  2d,  b.  1694,  m.  Rebecca  .  .  .  and  had  Joseph,  1719;  Mary,  1721 ; 
Sarah,  1723;  Eleazer,  1724;  James,  1727  ;  Rufus,  1729;  Benjamin,  1732;  Rebecca, 
1733 ;  and  Ebenezer. 

Ephraim  Tinkham,  at  Plymouth  1643;  by  wife  Mary  had  Ephraini,  1649; 
Ebenezer,  1651  ;  Peter,  1653;  Hezekiah,  1656;  John,  1658  ;  and  three  others. 

Hezekiah,  s.  Ephraim,  m.  Ruth  .  .  .  and  had  John,  16S9;  Jacob,  1691  ;  Eben- 
ezer, 1698  ;  and  six  others. 

John,  s.  Hezekiah,  rn.,  1714,  Anne  Gray,  gr.  d.  Edward ;  at  Plymouth  1643. 

Their  children  were  Mary,  1718;  Edwaes,  1720;  Ephraim,  1724;  Ann,  1726; 
and  Joseph,  1728. 

Edward  Tinkham  (Kingston),  s.  John;  had  by  wife  Lydia  .  .  .  Salumis, 
1743;  ^^^  Rebecca,  1745. 

Elias  Trask  of  Plymouth,  probably  grandson  of  Elias  of  Salem,  the  grandson 
of  William  who  came  over  in  1626,  by  wife  Abigail  had  Abigail,  b.  1746;  John,  b. 
1751;  and  Samuel,  b.  1753. 

Joseph  Trask,  probably  brother  of  Fllias,  m.,  1758,  Jerusha  Kempton,  and  had 
Joseph,  b.  1758;  Thomas,  b.  1760;  Priscilla,  b.  1761 ;  William,  b.  1763;  and 
Jerusha. 

Tn  1757  Elias  Trask  bought  a  house  and  land  on  Leyden  Street,  Plymouth, 
which,  ;ii  1763,  he  sold  to  Samuel  Lanman;  and  in  18S3  the  same  house,  enlarged, 
was  owned  and  occupied  by  William  R.  Drew. 

Edmund  Weston  came  to  Boston  in  1635,  and  settled  in  Duxbury.  He  had 
sons  Edmund,  John,  and  Elnathan.  and  daughter  Mary.  Edmund  2d  m  ,  1688,  Re- 
becca Soule,  gr.  d.  George  who  c  n  Mayflower  1620.  They  had  Nathan,  1688  ; 
Zachariah,  1690;  Rebecca,  1693;  john,  1695:  Edmund,  1697;  and  Benjamin,  1701. 
Edmund  Weston  2d  removed  to  Plympton  and  died  there  in  1727. 

Nathan  Weston,  s.  Edmund  2d,  m.,  1715,  Desire  Standish,  b.  16S0,  d. 


1 64  rLYMOUTH  RECORDS. 

Alexander,  the  eldest  son  of  Miles  Standish  ist,  who  with  his  wife  Rose  came  in 
the  Mayflower  in  1620;  and  Alexander  Standish  m.,  ist,  Sarah,  d.  John  Alden  and 
Priscilla  Muli.ins,  whose  names  Longfellow  has  made  immortal ;  he  married, 
2d,  Desire,  widow  of  Israel  Holmes,  and  daughter  of  Edward  Doty  who  came  in 
the  Mayflinoer  in  1620. 

Nathan  Weston  ist  had  two  sons,  Nathan  2d,  b.  1723;  and  Isaac,  b.  1725. 

Daniel  Hersey,  s.  David,  grantee,  m.  1774,  Jan.  .1,  Desire  Weston,  d. 
Nathan  ist  of  Chebogue;  and  their  first  child,  b.  1775,  March  iS,  was  named 
Desire. 

Thomas  Weston,  a  wealthy  merchant  of  London,  organized  the 
association  called  "the  Merchant  Adventurers,"  who  supplied  the 
means  for  the  first  expedition  by  the  Mayfloiaer ;  and  Weston  himself 
seems  to  have  been  the  principal  financial  supporter  of  the  enterprise. 
But  some  proceedings  of  the  adventurers  who  crossed  the  Atlantic  did 
not  quite  please  Mr.  Weston ;  and  in  1622  he  sent  out  two  ships,  the 
Charity  and  the  Swan,  with  colonists  and  supplies  for  a  plantation  of  his 
own  at  Wessagusset,  now  Weymouth,  forty  miles  north  from  Plymouth. 
With  that  expedition  came  letters  from  Mr.  Weston  to  the  Pilgrims, 
telling  them  that  he  had  sold  his  share  in  the  joint-stock  company,  and 
"that  he  was  quit  of  them  and  they  of  him."  Thomas  Weston  him- 
self came  over  in  1624,  remained  a  short  time  at  Plymouth,  and  returned 
to  England. 

Henry  Cor.i?  was  at  Plymouth  as  early  as  1629.  P'ruit-trees  planted 
by  him  about  1670  still  bear  fruit.  Ebenezer  Cobb,  grandson  of  Henry, 
died  at  Kingston,  Mass.,  in  1801,  aged  a  hundred  and  seven  years, 
and  is  said  to  have  been  the  oldest  man  who  has  lived  in  Massa- 
chusetts. 

SvLVA>njs  Cobb,  great-grandson  of  Henry,  was  captain  of  a  company 
raised  at  Plymouth  in  1 745  for  the  expedition  against  Louisburg.  In 
1758,  while  in  command  of  a  government  sloop,  he  was  chosen  to 
conduct  Gen.  Wolfe  in  a  reconnaissance  of  the  fortifications  of  Louis- 
burg ;  and  for  his  bravery  and  skill  he  received  high  commendation 
from  the  general.  He  and  his  brother  Jarez  afterward  settled  at  Liver- 
pool, N.  S. ;  and  in  1 762  Svlvanus  joined  the  expedition  to  Havana, 
where  he  died.  Jabez  Cobb,  a  son  of  Jabez  of  Liverpool,  will  be 
remembered  as  among  the  aged  inhabitants  at  Little  River  fifty  years 
ago. 


REAL-ESTATE   OWNERS.  1 65 

About  1770,  Samuel  Sampson  Blowers  owned  an  estate,  bequeathed 
to  him,  on  North  Street,  Plymouth.  He  was  born  at  Boston,  graduated 
at  Harvard  in  1763,  studied  law  under  Gov.  Hutchinson,  and  in  1770 
he  was  associated  with  Adams  and  Quincy  in  the  defence  of  the  British 
soldiers  engaged  in  the  Boston  massacre.  About  1779  he  removed  to 
Halifax,  where  in  1785  he  was  attorney-general,  and  in  1797  was  created 
chief  justice.  He  died  at  Halifax  in  1842,  in  his  eighty-eighth 
year. 

Of  the  78  names  in  the  list  of  early  settlers,  from  1761  to  1766 
inclusive,  all  may  be  found  upon  the  list  of  grantees  in  the  next  chap- 
ter, except  those  of  Alexander  Bain,  James  Cain,  William  Coffran, 
David  Scott,  Benjamin  Robbins,  and  Jonathan  Utley.  Some  of  these 
were  minors  ;  others  probably  dead  or  absent  when  the  grant  of  the 
township  passed.  Benjamin  Robbins  had  settled  at  Chebogue  Point, 
where  he  was  drowned ;  hence  the  grant  to  his  widow  Abigail 
Robbins. 

Upon  the  pages  following  are  the  family-names  of  persons  at  some 
time  resident  owners  of  real  estate  in  the  county  between  1761  and 
1885  inclusive.  The  Acadian  names  are  separate  from  the  rest ;  and 
the  Acadians  are  now  said  to  number  about  8,000,  or  about  one-third  of 
the  entire  population  of  the  county. 

There  are,  doubtless,  some  omissions  of  names  other  than  French ; 
but  the  list  is  as  perfect  as  it  can  be  made  from  memory  and  the  scanty 
materials  at  hand.  The  French  names  number  39,  the  others  650 ;  and 
it  is  to  be  remarked  that  over  three-fourths  of  the  French  in  the  county 
come  under  the  1 2  leading  family-names. 

Names  followed  by  an  asterisk  (*)  are  believed  to  be  now  extinct  in 
the  county.  A  dagger  (f)  denotes  that,  though  the  family-name  may 
be  extinct,  descendants  of  the  family  remain.  The  figure  opposite 
some  English,  or  other  names,  denotes  the  number  of  distinct  families 
of  the  same  name,  yet  in  some  cases  descended  from  a  common  New- 
England  ancestor  who  lived  250  years  ago.  The  figures  opposite  the 
French  names  signify  the  1 2  leading  families ;  that  is,  those  who  are 
to-day  most  numerous :  and  it  is  not  a  little  remarkable  that  a  French 
name,  once  established,  has  never  died  out;  whereas  over  100  names, 
other  than  French,  have  disappeared. 


1 66 


REAL-ESTATE   OWNERS. 


ACADIAN    NAMES. 


'  Amirault. 

Comeau. 

Gaudet. 

Moulaison. 

*  Babin. 

Corporon. 

Geadry. 

"  I'othier. 

Belliveau. 

'  Cothereau,  or 

Hebert. 

Richard,  or 

Bertrand. 

Catrerot. 

Jacquard. 

Richart. 

Blanchard. 

*  D'Entremont. 

Landry. 

Robicheau. 

Boucher. 

Deveau. 

9  Le  Blanc. 

.Saulnier. 

'  Boudreau,  or 

De  Villiers. 

Le  P'evre. 

"  Surette. 

Boudrot. 

'  Doucette. 

Mallet. 

Thibault. 

Bourgeois. 

Uulin. 

Melan9on. 

Thibeaudeau 

*  Bourque. 

»  Duon. 

'°  Meuse,  or 

Trahan. 

Clermont. 

Frontain. 

Mius. 

Note.  —  In  the  census  of  1714,  there  were  87  Acadian  names  at  Port  Royal,  and  54  at  Mines,  21  of 
which  were  common  to  both  places.  We  find  there  lielliveau,  Boucher,  Boudrot,  Bourgeois,  Bourque, 
Comeau,  Corporon,  Doucet,  Godet,  Hebirt,  Landry,  Le  Blanc,  Gautereau,  Melanson,  Poubomcoup 
(D'Entremont),  Potter,  Richard,  Robicheau,  Saulnier,  Surette,  Thibeaudeau,  and  Trahan.  Total 
population,  1,290. 


The  form  of  spelling  these  names  may  differ  from  that  sometimes 
followed  in  Yarmouth,  where  in  merchants'  ledgers  these  spellings  may 
be  found  :  Amiro,  Amero,  Bertrong,  Boudrot,  Cotro,  Coutieau,  Devillar, 
Dulong,  Duline,  Godet,  Hubbard,  Jeddry,  Muse,  Richards,  Sonia,  Tibo, 
Tibodo,  etc. 

French  writers  on  Acadian  history  spell  them  differendy.  For 
instance,  following  Rameau,  the  spelling  would  be  Bourc  or  Bourg, 
Belliveau,  Commeaux,  Doucet,  Gautherot  or  Gauterot,  Gaudet,  Mius. 
Rameau  spells  Pubnico,  Pobomcoup  and  Pomboncoup.  Des  Voeux  and 
Potier  are  sometimes  found  in  French  writings. 

To  the  oath  of  allegiance  subscribed  at  Annapolis  in  1730,  and 
quoted  by  Henry  L.  D'Entremont  and  Louis  P.  Le  Blanc  in  their 
interesting  letter  on  Acadia,  published  in  "  The  Yarmouth  Herald  "  of 
Feb.  2  1 886,  we  find  names  in  these  forms  :  Amirau,  Bodrot,  Bertran, 
Bellivau,  Belliveaux,  Bellivaux,  Commau,  Commeau,  Como,  Doucett, 
Dousett,  Duons,  Godet,  Godett,  Gaudett,  Hibbert,  Landr6,  Landri, 
Landry,  Malason,  Melenson,  Robichau,  Robishau,  Robichaux,  Tibo, 
Tibodo,  Turett. 

Gen.  Thiehault  ^2&  one  of  Napoleon's  generals  at  Vimeira  in  1808. 


REAL-ESTATE   OWNERS. 


167 


ENGLISH,   SCOTCH,  IRISH,   AND   OTHER   NAMES  OF   YARMOUTH  ICOUNTY 

FROM    1761    TO    1886. 


Abbott. 

Blaiivelt. 

Ackerman.* 

Blethe.i. 

Adams.' 

Bond. 

Agard.* 

Boudie. 

Alden. 

Bowers. 

Alder. 

Bowrie. 

Alexander. 

Boyd.' 

Allen.' 

Bradbury.t 

Anderson.' 

Brayne. 

Andrews. 

Brady. 

Appleton.* 

Brand. 

Archer. 

Bridgeo. 

Archibald. 

Bright.t 

Armstrong.* 

Brimner. 

Atcheson. 

Bristow. 

Atkinson. 

Britt.* 

Atwood. 

Brittain. 

Babington.* 

Brooks.t 

Bacon.* 

Brown. ^ 

Bain. 

Bruce. 

Baker.^ 

Bryant. 

Balkam. 

Bryar.t 

Ballam. 

Bullerwell. 

Barbour.=t 

Bunker.* 

Barnard.t 

Burgess.' 

Barnes.' 

Burke. 

Barr. 

Burnham. 

Barrows. 

Burns.' 

Bartlett. 

Burrill. 

Barton. 

Burton. 

Bath. 

Buscey.* 

Baxter. 

Butler.5 

Beals. 

Bydder.* 

ISeaton. 

Byers. 

Bell. 

Byrne. 

Bennison. 

Byrnes. 

Bent. 

Cahan. 

Berry.= 

Cain. 

Bethune. 

Callaghan. 

Betts.* 

Cameron.^ 

Beular. 

Campbell.' 

Beveridge. 

Cann.- 

Bingav. 

Carey. 

Black.'^ 

Carland. 

Blackadar. 

Carroll. 

Blades. 

Carter. 

Blanchard. 

Carty. 

Blaney.t 

Caskey. 

Challen.* 

Challoner. 

Chandler." 

Chase. 

Chipman. 

Christie. 

Churchill.* 

Chute. 

Cisco. 

Clark.' 

Cleland. 

Clements. 

Clend'-ining. 

Cleveland. 

Clifford.t 

Clune.t 

Coaldwell.* 

Cobb.* 

Coffin.t 

C  off  ran. 

Coggins.* 

Colsworthy.* 

Cook. 

Cooper.t 

Collins.- 

Condon.* 

Connor.* 

Conwall. 

Cornelius. 

Corning. 

Cosman. 

Cossar. 

Cottew. 

Coulso'i. 

Coward. 

Crawford. 

Crawley. 

Crocker. 

Crosby.* 

Crowell.* 

Cuff. 

Currier. 

Curry. 

Curtis.* 

Daley. 

Dallinger.* 

Dane. 

Daniels. 


Darby. 

Darling.* 

Darrah. 

Davis.* 

Davison. 

Day.* 

Dean.* 

Decker.* 

Deering. 

Delaney. 

Dench. 

Dennis. 

Dewolfe. 

Dize. 

Doane* 

D(jdds. 

Donavan.* 

Doty. 

Dove.* 

Dowley.* 

Dowling. 

Dudman. 

Dugan. 

Duncanson. 

Dunham. 

Dunseith.* 

Durand. 

Durham.t 

Durfee. 

Durkee. 

Durland. 

Eakins. 

Earl. 

Eldridge.* 

Eli. 

Ellen  wood.* 

Elliot. 

Ellis.^ 

Elwell.t 

Ely. 

Fader. 

Fait. 

Farish. 

Farrell. 

Fells. 

Fenton. 

Ferrara.* 

Fifield.* 


1 68 


REAL-ESTATE  OWNERS. 


Fitzgerald.' 

Haley. 

Inglis.* 

Long. 

Fleet. 

H.-ill.= 

Ingols.* 

Longstaff.* 

Fletcher. 

Haloran.* 

Irving. 

Lorrey.* 

Flint. 

Halstead. 

Ivers. 

Lovitt. 

Floyd. 

Hamilton.* 

Jack. 

Lowell. 

Flynn.* 

Handy. 

Jacobson. 

Lyons. 

Folger.* 

Hanff. 

Jacques. 

MacCarthy.' 

Foote. 

Harding.* 

Jarvis. 

MacConnell. 

Forbes.* 

Hardy.t 

Jeffery. 

MacCormack.' 

Forman.t 

Harley. 

Jenkins.- 

MacDevitt. 

Forster. 

Harris.' 

Johns. 

MacDonald.* 

Forsythe. 

Haskell. 

Johnson.* 

MacDonnell. 

Foulis.* 

Hatfield. 

Jolly. 

MacElroy.* 

Fowles. 

Hawke. 

Jones.* 

MacGill. 

Fox.= 

Hawkins. 

Kavanagh. 

MacGrath. 

Frost. 

Hawley. 

Keefe. 

MacGray. 

Fuller.* 

Haswell.* 

Keelan. 

Macduire. 

Gallagher. 

Hayse.* 

Keenan. 

MacHenry. 

Gallic. 

Head.t 

Kelley.* 

Maclver. 

Gardner.* 

Helms. 

Kenealy. 

Mack. 

Gavel. 

Hemeon. 

Kent. 

MacKay. 

Gayton. 

Hemlow. 

Keogh. 

MacKenzie. 

Geddes. 

Herkes.* 

Killam. 

MacKinnie. 

Germain. 

Hersey. 

King.* 

MacKinnon.' 

Gibson.^ 

Hewitt. 

Kingsley. 

MacLaren. 

Gilbraith.* 

Hibbard. 

Kimball.* 

MacLauchlan. 

Gilfillan. 

Hicks. 

Kinney.* 

MacLaughlin. 

Gilliland. 

Higby. 

Kirby. 

MacLeod. 

Gillis. 

Hilton. 

Kirk.* 

MacMahan.* 

Gilman. 

Hines.* 

Knollin. 

MacManus. 

Gisnone.* 

Hipson. 

Knowles. 

MacMullen. 

Goddard. 

Hobbs. 

Ladd. 

MacMunn. 

Godfrey.^ 

Hogg. 

Lambert. 

MacNamara.* 

Golden. 

Holden. 

I.amont. 

MacXay. 

Goldfinch. 

Holley. 

Landers.* 

MacNeal. 

Goldsmith. 

Holbrook.* 

Langtry. 

MacNutt.* 

Goodwin. 

Holmes. 

Larkin. 

MacRae. 

Goucher. 

Homer. 

Layers. 

MacWhinnie. 

Goudey. 

Hood. 

Law. 

Mac  Williams. 

Gourley. 

Hooper. 

Lawrence. 

Magray. 

Gowen. 

Hopkirk. 

Lawson.^ 

Malone. 

Grace. 

Horton.= 

Leizer. 

Mangham. 

Graham.* 

Howell.* 

Lennox. 

Manning. 

Grant.3 

Huestis. 

Lent.^ 

Marling. 

Grantham. 

Hunter.t 

Le  Cain. 

Marr.* 

Gray.^ 

Huntington. 

Leonard. 

riarshall.* 

Greenwood. 

Humbert.t 

Lewis. 

Martin. 

Griswold.* 

Hurd. 

Lincoln. 

Mattenly.t 

Gridley. 

Hurlburt. 

Lindsay.* 

Maxwell.* 

Guest. 

Huston.t 

Little.* 

Merrill. 

Gullison. 

Hutchinson. 

Lonergan.* 

Merrithew.t 

REAL-ESTATE  OWNERS. 


169 


Merritt* 

Parker.' 

Richards.' 

Sloanc* 

Messenger. 

Parr. 

Richardson.^ 

Slocomb. 

Michie.* 

Parry. 

Ricker. 

Smith." 

Mildon. 

Patch. 

Riddle. 

Snyder. 

Millan. 

Patten. 

Ridgway.* 

SoUows. 

Millar. 

Patterson.' 

Ridley. 

Spechts. 

Miller.' 

Pearce.* 

Ring. 

Spiers. 

Mitchell. 

Pearl. t 

Ritchie.' 

Spincks. 

Moberly.* 

Pearson. 

Roach. 

Spinney. 

Mood. 

Pease.t 

Robhins.* 

Stafford.t 

Moody. ^ 

Pelton. 

Roberts. 

Stanley.* 

Moore.' 

Pendrigh. 

Robertson. 

Stanton. 

Montague. 

Pennell. 

Robinson.' 

Stanwood. 

Montgomery. 

Pennington. 

Robson.* 

Starr.t 

Morehouse. 

Perrin. 

Rodney. 

Stearns. 

Morgan.* 

Perry' 

Rogers.' 

Steele. 

Morrill. 

Peterkin. 

Rose. 

Stephens.* 

Morris. 

Peters. 

Ross. 

Sterritt. 

Morrisey. 

Peterson. 

Rost.t 

Stewart.' 

Morton.^ 

Phillips.* 

Rowe. 

.Stoneman. 

Mos'ily.* 

Philpot.* 

Rowley. 

Story.t 

Mose<  * 

Phipps. 

Rozee. 

Stowe.t 

Moulion.^ 

Pierson. 

Russell.' 

Strickland. 

Munroe. 

Pilling.t 

Rust.t 

Stubbard. 

Murphy.' 

Pinkney. 

Ryder.* 

Stubbs.* 

Murray. 

Piper. 

Ryerson. 

Studley. 

Myers.* 

Pitman. 

Sabine. 

Sullivan.' 

Naughter.* 

Plant.* 

Salter.* 

Suttie. 

Neal. 

Pocock. 

Sanderson. 

Sutcliffe. 

Nelson. 

Poole.^ 

Sargent. 

Swaine.* 

Nettles.* 

Porter." 

Saunders.' 

Sweeney.' 

Newell. 

Potter.* 

Savage. 

Sykes. 

Newry.* 

Powell. 

Savary. 

Symonds. 

Nichols.* 

Powers.^ 

Scott.' 

Taylor.' 

Nickerson.* 

Prince.* 

Scovill. 

Teaplod. 

Nisbet. 

Prosser.* 

Seeley.* 

Tedford. 

Normandy. 

Prout.* 

Servant. 

Temple. 

Northup. 

Purdie. 

SewelL* 

Thomas. 

Norton. 

Purdy. 

Shaw.* 

Thompson.' 

O'Brien.' 

Purney. 

.Shehan. 

Thorburn.* 

Ogden.t 

Quamineau. 

Sheldrake.* 

Thurston. 

Oldreive.* 

Randall.* 

SherJock.t 

Tiley. 

Oliver. 

Rankin. 

Shipley.* 

Tilley. 

O'Neal. 

Ray. 

Shurtliff.* 

Tinkham. 

Oram. 

Raymond. 

Silver. 

Titus, 

Ormsby.* 

Raynard. 

Simonson. 

Tobin. 

Csborne. 

Redding. 

Sims. 

Tong. 

Otis.* 

Reed.* 

Sinclair. 

Tooker. 

Owen.' 

Reid. 

Sinnett.* 

Town  send.* 

Palmer. 

Rice. 

Skinner.* 

Trask.* 

Parfitt.t 

Richan. 

Sleeth. 

Travis. 

I/O 


HE  A  L-ESTA  TE   O  WNERS. 


Trefry. 

Verge.* 

Weston. 

Willett. 

Troop. 

Vickery. 

Wetmore. 

Williams." 

Turner.* 

Viets. 

Wheaton. 

Williamson. 

Uhlman. 

Walker. 

Wheeland. 

Wilkins. 

Utley. 

Walsh. 

Wheelock.* 

Wilson.* 

Valpey.t 

^Vat«rrman. 

Whipple.* 

Winter. 

Van  Emburg. 

Watson. 

Whitten.* 

Witter.* 

Van  Buskirk.t 

Watt. 

White.'' 

Wood.= 

Van  Horn. 

Webster. 

Whitehouse. 

Woodbury.* 

Van  Norden. 

Weddleton. 

Whitman.^ 

Woodworth. 

Van  Nostrand.t 

Wells. 

Whittington.* 

Wyman.        • 

Vaughan. 

West. 

Wickham." 

Young.* 

The  localties  in  Argyle  Township,  occupied  by  the  French  a  hun- 
dred years  ago,  were  well  adapted  to  the  prosecution  of  the  fisheries ; 
but  the  lands  in  Yarmouth  Tosvnship  would,  for  all  other  purposes,  be 
considered  the  more  advantageous  for  settlement,  while  its  shores  and 
harbors  are  also  within  easy  reach  of  the  fishing-grounds.  One  reason 
why  the  French  have  not,  until  recent  years,  shown  more  progress  in 
the  accumulation  of  wealth,  is  because  the  lands  they  first  occupied, 
and  where  they  have,  for  the  most  part,  since  remained,  were  poorly 
adapted,  either  for  general  cultivation  or  pasturage,  and  their  good  lands 
were  confined  within  very  narrow  limits.  But  their  farms  produced 
abundantly  of  potatoes  of  excellent  quality,  the  adjacent  coasts  furnish- 
ing kelp  and  other  sea-weed  in  ample  quantity.  Potatoes  and  fish 
would  seem  to  be,  therefore,  wholesome  food,  and  where  easily  pro- 
cured in  unlimited  quantities,  as  in  Argyle  Township,  afford  proof  that 
a  people  making  them  their  chief  subsistence  are  prolific,  and  never  die 
out.  Yet  it  is  not  a  little  remarkable  that  the  thirty-nine  Acadian  fami- 
lies now  furnish  one-third  of  the  population  of  the  county ;  while  their 
progress  heretofore,  and  their  fixity  of  tenure  for  the  last  hundred  and 
twenty  years,  viewed  in  connection  with  their  present  status,  indicate 
that  in  the  not  distant  future  the  proportion  of  the  Acadians  relatively 
to  the  people  of  all  other  races  in  Yarmouth  County  will  be  still  more 
favorable  to  the  former. 


CHAPTER   XII. 

Copy  Scheme  of  Division  Yarmouth  Township  Lands.  —  Names  of  Grantees  alphabetically 
arranged. —  Number  of  Shares  to  Each. —  Number  and  Area  of  their  Lots.  —  (irantees 
of  Bunker's  and  Gilfillan's  Island,  Chebogue  Town  Point,  and  Stony  I'oint  Beach. — 
Reservations  for  Highways.  —  Equal  to  about  Two  Hundred  and  Thirteen  Miles  of  Road 
Four  Rods  Wide. 

THE  intention  of  this  chapter  is  to  supply  general  information  upon 
the  grant  of  Yarmouth-Township  lands,  the  absence  of  which,  in 
times  past,  has  occasioned  many  and  repeated  journeys  to  the  office  of 
registrar  of  deeds.  It  is  believed  that  the  information  in  this  form  may" 
still  be  useful  to  the  heirs  or  descendants  of  the  early  settlers. 

The  Elisha  Eldridge.  grantee,  is  probably  FHishama  Eldridge,  one  of 
the  pioneers  of  1761,  who,  Mr.  Campbell  says,  on  p.  55,  was  excluded 
from  a  participation  in  the  grant.  A  reference  in  the  scheme  of  divis- 
ion accounts  for  the  omission  of  Levi  Horton's  name,  which  is  also 
referred  to  by  Mr.  Campbell. 

.•\mong  the  grantees  will  be  found  the  names  of  sixty-seven  persons 
not  included  in  Campbell's  list  of  arrivals  or  settletnents  at  Yarmouth 
up  to  the  date  of  the  grant,  April,  1767. 

These  are  as  follows,  many  being  the  names  of  well-known  settlers 
of  Yarmouth  in  and  before  1767;  and  with  few,  if  any,  exceptions, 
they  were  all  either  in  Yarmouth  or  Argyle  when  the  grant  was  passed  :  — 


Agard,  Judah. 
Allen,  Samuel. 
Allen,  Jeremiah,  jun. 
Beals,  James. 
Beals,  Josiah,  jun. 
Brown,  Adam. 
Brown,  Nathan. 
Bunker,  Paul. 
Burgess,  Joshua. 
Coggins,  Henry. 
Corning,  Jonathan. 


Crawley,  James. 
Crawley,  John,  jun. 
Curtis,  William. 
Day,  Solomon. 
Dove,  Samuel. 
Ellenwood,  Benjamin. 
Ellenwood,  Benjamin,  jun. 
Godfrey,  Alexander.- 
Godfrey,  Josiah. 
Godfrey,  Prince. 
Godfrey,  Samuel. 


Hall,  Abner. 
Harris,  David. 
Haskell,  Moses. 
Haskell,  Robert. 
Haskell,  William. 
Haskell,  William,  jun. 
Hilton,  Stilson. 
Hooper,  Moses. 
MacKinnon,  John. 
MacKin.ion,  John,  jun. 
MacKinnon,  James. 


172  YARMOUTH   TOWNSHIf   LANDS. 

MacKinnon,  Martin.  Newry  (or  \ewny),  James.  Simmons,  Cyrus. 

MacKinnon,  Norman.  \ici<crson,  Nathan.  Sewell,  Dominicus. 

Marshall,  William.  Tease,  JoIj.  Sinnott,  Thomas. 

Mcrrithew,  Kenjamin.  I'ortcr,  Nathan.  Soames,  Lydia. 

Merrilhew,  Roger.  Porter,  Nehemiah,  jun.  Stewart,  Joseph. 

Moore,  Thomas.  Porter,  Samuel.  Sullivan,  Thomas. 

Moore,  William.  Kobbins,  Abigail.  Symonds,  John. 

Morgan,  Benjamin.  Robinson,  Timothy.  Trefry,  John. 

Moulton,  Ebenezer.  Robinson,  William.  Verge,  John. 

Moulton,  Ebenezer,  jun.  Rogers,  Thomas.  Woodbury,  Jonathan. 

M(3ulton,  John  B.  Salter,  Thomas. 

Moulton,  Wells  (Morton).  Salter,  William. 

The  following  is  the  preamble  to  Samuel  Goldsbury's  Plan  of 
Division,  executed  in  1787:  — 

EXPLANATIONS    AND    REFERENCES    TO    THE    PLAN    OF 
YARMOUTH    TOWNSHIP. 

The  lands  in  the  Township  of  Yarmouth  in  the  present  survey  are  in 
three  divisions,  and  are  divided  among  the  grantees  according  to  a 
schedule  placed  on  the  light-hand  side  of  the  plan. 

The  First  Division  contains  the  lands  included  between  the  red  line 
at  No.  31  on  the  line  between  Y'armouth  and  lands  laid  out  to  Robert 
Wilmot  and  others,  and  ending  at  Chegoggin  River,  the  sea-wall,  Little 
River,  and  on  W^ilmot's  line  to  No.  31,  where  the  red  line  takes  its 
departure. 

The  plots  of  land  separated  by  a  red  line  at  Cranberry  Head,  Allan's 
Lake,  Salmon  River,  the  head  of  Crotch  Lake,  and  at  the  Great  Tusket 
Falls,  are  also  included  in  the  First  Division. 

The  number  affixed  to  each  grantee's  name  in  each  division  runs 
through  that  division,  comprehending  all  lots  to  which  it  is  affixed. 

The  Second  Division  contains  all  the  lands  between  Hersey's 
Branch,  so-called  (of  the  Tusket  River,  commencing  at  the  head  of 
Lake  Vaughan),  and  the  First  Division;  also  No.  36  at  Little  River 
Point,  excepting  those  plots  of  land  included  in  red  lines  at  Cranberry 
Head,  Allaii's  Lake,  mouth  of  Salmon  River,  head  of  Crotch  Lake,  and 
at  the  Great  Tusket  Falls  before  mentioned. 

The  Third  Division  contains  all  the  lands  between  Hersey's  Branch 
and  the  Great  Tusket  River. 


SCHEME   OF  DIVISION.  1/3 

The  peninsulas  of  Bunker's  and  Gilfillan's,  Chebogue  Town  Point, 
and  Stony  Heach  Point,  are  plotted  on  a  large  scale,  the  better  to  express 
the  small  lots  ;  and,  though  a  part  of  the  First  1  )ivision,  each  has  its  own 
separate  schedule  on  the  plan,  and  their  whole  contents  are  added  to 
the  First  Division. 

The  vacant  half-share  wanting  to  complete  149  shares  is  said  to  have 
been  in  the  return  for  a  grant  entered  to  Levi  Horton,  but  in  the  grant 
was  casually  omitted.  On  this  half-share,  Horton  has  made  improve- 
ments. 

The  No.  145  contains  lands  laid  out  and  granted  to  William 
Tory,  Esq.,  in  a  separate  right,  or  share,  through  the  townshij)  of 
Yarmouth. 

The  islands  contained  in  the  lakes  in  each  division  have  the  number 
of  the  lot  they  belong  to  affixed  to  them. 

On  the  Great  Tusket  River,  it  is  to  be  observed  that  proceeding 
down  the  river,  at  the  letter  L  and  at  the  letter  R  they  close  again  into  a 
river.     (This  clause  appears  a  little  obscure.) 

The  marsh  is  not  included  in  the  division,  as  will  be  seen  in  he 
following  scheme,  nor  the  highways  and  several  reserves,  etc. 

SCHEME    OF    DIVISION. 

The  contents  of  land,  water,  marsh,  etc.,  contained  in  the  bounds  of 
the  Township  of  Yarmouth  :  — 

Acres.      Perches. 

First  division,  as  per  schedule 22,275  5° 

Lands  granted  to  William  Tory,  i  share 508  13S 

Lands  on  Bunker's  and   Gilfillan's  Peninsulas,  Chebogue   Town 

Point,  and  Stony  Beach  Point 100  So 

Lands  in  second  division,  as  per  schedule 78,287  133 

Lands  in  third  division,  as  per  schedule 29,075  98 

Total  in  three  divisions 130,248  19 

Acres.      Perches. 

The  whole  marsh  contains 3>'37 

Water,  including  lakes,  rivers,  etc 171965 

A,  reserved  for  a  fort  at  Cape  Fourchu   ....  14 

For  the  fishery  up  the  Tusket  River 34            80 

Reserved  for  Harris's  saw-mill i 

Reserved  for  highways 1,708                    22,859            80 

Total 153.107  99 


174  SCHEME   OF  DIVISION. 

Th'o  total  of  153,107.99  acres  being  compared  with  the  whole  of  the 
contents  of  the  Township  of  Yarmouth,  which  is  153,107  acres,  the 
difference  will  be  found  only  99  perches. 

This  scheme  of  division  is  performed,  respect  being  had  through  the 
whole  to  both  (juantity  and  quality,  from  which  arises  the  difference  to 
be  observed  in  the  contents  of  each  man's  share  in  each  division.  Had 
the  division  been  performed  without  respect  being  had  to  the  quality  of 
the  soil,  it  would  give  868  acres,  48  perches,  to  a  share  ( ?)  ;  but  by 
exploring,  it  was  found  the  lands  were  near  one-half  unfit  for  cultivation, 
by  reason  of  savannahs,  sunken  swamps,  and  rocky  barrens,  aside  from 
lakes,  etc.,  before  noticed. 


SCHEME   OF  DIl'ISION. 


175 


NAMES    OF    GRANTEES,    AND    AREA    OF    THEIR    LANDS. 


1ST  Division.     ,      to 

Division.     |     30  Division. 

Total 

i 

V. 

«•  ! 

Names  uF  Grantees. 

1 

O 

.3 

3     ' 

Area  in 
Acres. 

"o 

0 

«          = 

"3 

rt 

•0       "o 

fS 

j 

i 

6 

< 

0 

c 

< 

i 

I 

8 

< 

Allen,  Jeremiah      .... 

li 

! 

47 

247 

*2 

306 

li 

*iii 

90 

32 

530 

96 

196 

1,369 

Allen,  Jeremiah,  jun.       .     . 

\ 

44 

81    i 

•48 

273  1     i 

♦6s 

144 

498 

Allen,  Samuel 

i4 

"3 

192     li 

*57 

330     li 

»9o 

92 

!          : 

106 

402  .        1    74 

218 

1.234 

Agard,  JuHah 

I 

SO  ' 

lOI    '    I      1 

84 

536       I  ,    60 

341 

878 

Bunker,  Hezekiah      .     .     . 

2 

72 

183      2 

73 

495        2        46 

21S 

•34 

100  ' 

39 

589            .   14' 

'38 

1,720 

Bunker,  Paul 

li 

'35 

344   ;   'i 

*y5 

242      li        *5 

78 

28 

450                112 

250 

1,364 

Butler,  Eleazer 

li 

63 

III       li 

*I09 

2S7   ,   li    *I26 

83 

loS 

87 

137 

585                 33 

237 

1,390 

Beal,  Josiah,  sen 

I 

124 

138  ;  I 

131 

550      I          36 

208 

S96 

Real,  Josiah,  jun 

I 

29 

182  !   I 

42 

621      I          97 

l&O 

983 

Beal,  James 

I 

79 

143      ' 

93 

362      1          21 

175 

682 

Brown,  Adam 

I 

J25 

157      ' 

64 

488      1        125 

244 

889 

Brown,  Nathan      .... 

i 

91 

100        i 

*37 

251        i    *«34 

77 

428 

Brown,  James 

1 

119 

81        \ 

*37 

251        i    "•34 

77 

409 

Brown,  Benjamin  .... 

I 

66 

123      I 

123 

569      I           4t 

249 

941 

Baker,  Jonathan    .... 

I 

46 

108      I 

23 

552      I      !      13 

305 

86s 

Eridgeo,  George    .... 

I 

25 

156      1 

38 

650  ,    I           72 

299 

1,105 

Barnes,  Seth 

t 

19 

100      I 

74 

628      I           55 

208 

936 

Burgess,  Joshua    .... 

li 

9 

163      i^ 

*142 

157  1  'i  '*>42 

-04 

1 

138 

593  !         '     95 

138 

J.I54 

Corning,  Ebenezer     .     .     . 

A 

86 

241      li 

♦no 

234  ;   li  i  *28 

128 

136 

520  '         '     80 

197 

I>320 

Clark,  E        jzer     .... 

li 

49 

158      li 

*2 

306      1  i    *  1 1 1 

90 

4 

445                  52 

200 

1,199 

Crawley,  John,  sen.    .     .     . 

3 

45 

157      3 

46 

497      2           38 

152 

2 

150 

33 

335   :             144 

'45 

'  .436 

Crawley,  John,  jun.    .     .     . 

2 

io5 

242      2 

114; 
56* 

889      *          25j 
■     59) 

385 

1,516 

Crawley,  James      .... 

? 

107 

323      2 

50  J 
126  i 

1,429      2          89  , 

394 

2,146 

130  ( 

Cook,  Ephraim 

97 

135      I 

120 

563      I          98 

225 

923 

Crocker,  Daniel     .... 

17 

t38      I 

94 

542      I        102 

161 

84. 

Curtis,  William      .... 

26 

120  '   I 

60 

669      I          91 

151 

940 

Churchill,  Lemuel      .     .     . 

21 

128      I 

149 

470      I          70 

.64 

762 

Crosby,  Jonathan  .... 

14 

103      I 

71 

470      1     1     69 

195 

769 

Crosby,  Edward     .... 

i 

75 

78        i 

♦48 

273        i      *65 

«44 

!           495 

Coggin,  Henry 

61 

115      I 

143 

516      I     ,       9 

;     '58 

1           789 

Corning   Jonathan      .     .     . 

87 

200      I 

68 

577       I         »07 

197 

\           974 

Day,  Solomon 

73 

101      I 

.25 

592       I           40 

1     164 

857 

Dove,  Samuel 

54 

209      1 

6b 

591       I         140 

i     '49 

949 

176 


SCHEME   OF  DIVISIOX, 


Names  of  Grantees,  and  Area  of  their  Lands.  —  Continued. 


IS 

i 

T  Division. 

3D  Division. 

3D  Division. 

Total 

.   g 

i 

Names  of  Grantf.es. 

1 

J 

1 

J 

.2 

i 

Area  in 
Acres. 

i 

1 

•0 

i 

ha 

< 
118 

•0 
6 

I 

0 
55 

< 

'•0 

d 

Z 

< 

D.irling,  Benjamin     .    .     . 

4 

740 

476 

I 

13' 

159 

753 

Durkee,  Phineas    .... 

li 

59 

323 

xi 

•78 
117 

308 
508 

'i 

•31 
71 

95 

202 

1.335 

Ellenwood,  Benjamin     .    . 

3 

8s 

333 

3 

19  ( 

1,048 

2 

19, 
103) 

323 

1,604 

103  \ 

EUenwood,  Benjamin,  jun., 

104 

80 

4 

•78 

308 

i 

*3. 

95 

483 

Ellenwood,  Samuel     .     .     . 

52 

156 

I 

8 

597 

106 

254 

1,007 

Elwell,  Nathaniel  .... 

53 

196 

a 

•52 
16 

374 
598 

•4 

•42 
47 

119 
238 

'.425 

Eldridge,  Elisha     .... 

120 

104 

I 

139 

538 

, 

67 

277 

919 

Eldridge,  Barnabas    .     .     . 

38 

199 

I 

7 

539 

45 

250 

g88 

Ellis,  Eljene/cr 

22 

100 

I 

!»5 

547 

146 

97 

744 

( lodfrey,  .'^amuel     .... 

112 

156 

I 

96 

428 

32 

205 

789 

Godfrey,  I'rmce     .... 

"3 

144 

1 

77 

48s 

25 

151 

780 

Godfrey,  Josiah      .... 

II 

172 

'i 

*79 
70 

352 

573 

•so 
66 

100 
178 

1.275 

Godfrey,  .\lexander    .    .    . 

33 

133 

I 

133 

566 

■ 

19 

II3 

801 

Gowen,  Patrick      .... 

"* 

109 

I 

35 

43» 

36 

203 

743 

Gilfillan,  James      .... 

93 

313 

I 

80 

SOI 

136 

«35 

848 

Gullison,  Stephen  .... 

li 

126 

'55 

li 

•100 
31 

238 
465 

li 

•100 
20 

90 
169 

1,217 

Harris,  Samuel 

3 

81 

233 

2 

13 

-II 

1,039 

3 

43 
29 

399 

1,671 

Harris,  David 

35 

160 

30 

486 

133 

209 

855 

Hilton,  Amos 

43 

300 

*1I3 
134 

340 
600 

♦123 
56 

131 

235 

1,406 

Hilton,  Stilson 

4» 

"5 

*IOO 

»38 

*ioo 

90 

443 

Hooper,  Moses 

28 

123 

82 

433 

77 

186 

742 

Hammond,  William   .     .     . 

77 

.48 

124 

486 

16 

216 

850 

Hall,  .\bner 

128 

99 

122 

44» 

4 

>74 

7H 

Hibbard,  Eleazer   .... 

s6 

136 

•4 

55« 

33 

»7S 

852 

Hclmes,  Pcleg 

20 

163 

•143 
20 

'57 
S16 

*i4a 
1 30 

104 
172 

1,112 

Haskell,  William,  sen.    .     . 

65 

119 

88 

638 

* 

"5 

254 

1,011 

Ha,skell,  William   .... 

no 

253 

•89 
71 

2SI 

477 

*io3 

63 

84 
397 

1,362 

Haskell,  William,  jun.    .     . 

131 

90 

•36 

187 

♦68 

90 

367 

Haskell,  Moses      .... 

123 

83 

*95 

242 

*5 

78 

402 

Haskell,  Robert     .... 

64 

164 

•'5 

488 

39 

.78 

830 

Hersey,  David 

36 

331 

•51 
61 

336 

55» 

♦85 
134 

79 
351 

1.349 

Haley,  Ebenezer    .... 

7 

156 

•92 
i»4 

"99 
434 

•119 
24 

89 
199 

1,097 

Landers,  Sealed     .... 

80 

I3» 

S8 

274 
398 

•42 
6 

119 
>73 

1,096 

Lovitt,  Andrew      .... 

83 

»5S 

*8S 
132 

256 
613 

•ii 
34 

103 
245 

1,471 

Killam,  John 

137 

209 

55 

569 

133 

305 

983 

SCHEME   OF  DIVISION. 


^77 


Names  of  Grantees,  and  Area  of  their  Lands.  —  Continued. 


1ST  Division. 

31 

i 

}  Division. 

3U  Division. 

Total 

i 

i 

Names  of  Grantees. 

1 

U5 

3 

n 

i 

A 

U3 

i 

Area  in 
Acres. 

i 

"3 
d 

i 

< 

0 

d 

I 

d 
2 

i 

< 

d 

I 

0 
i 

i 
< 

Kclley,  James 

I 

48 

138 

67 

383 

87 

311 

732 

Merrithew,  Roger .... 

«i 

8 

100 

•  4 

•116 

250 

'4      *76 

131 

105 

75 

104 

537 

93 

'03 

1,186 

Merrithew,  Benjamin      .     . 

4 

132 

77 

4 

•86 

257 

4  i  •44 

99 

433 

Moore,  William     .... 

I 

78 

138 

I 

X46 

503 

»    1  135 

'64 

795 

Moore,  Thomas     .... 

\ 

100 

59 

4 

.97 

'93 

4      *^ 

6S 

3'7 

MacKinnon,  John  CC.  P.)  . 

I 

5 

97 

I 

.38 

608 

I 

49 

!"7 

922 

MacKinnon,  John,  jun.  .     . 

I 

"4 

224 

X 

105 

348 

I 

I 

'73 

745 

MacKinnon,  Martin   .     .     . 

I 

116 

222 

I 

9 

566 

I 

X09 

180 

968 

MacKinnon,  Norman      .     . 

I 

32 

122 

I 

>44 

55' 

I 

8 

330 

893 

MacKinnon,  James    .     .     . 

I 

"5 

224 

' 

63 

586 

I 

139 

173 

983 

MacKinnon,  John  .... 

4 

3' 

863 

4 

0 
x8l 
81 
14'. 

2,196 

4 

'5l 

;.;■ 

XOl. 

709 

3.768 

Morgan,  Benjamin     .    .     . 

•i 

117 

281 

•4 

*1I2 
69 

340 
479 

'4 

•.33 
64 

131 
234 

'.355 

Marshall,  William.     .     .     . 

i 

13 

77 

4 

*ii6 

250 

4 

N4 

99 

426 

Moulton,  Ehenezer,  sen. 

I 

58 

89 

I 

"5 

498 

.39 

168 

755 

Moulton,  Ebenezer,  jun. 

I 

,36 

'75 

I 

lOI 

5'5 

108 

142 

832 

Moulton,  John  C 

I 

94 

144 

X 

49 

482 

'38 

'37 

763 

Moulton,  Wells      .... 

I 

»7 

117 

I 

119 

600 

37 

356 

973 

Matlingly,  James  .... 

I 

68 

•55 

I 

26 

530 

'48 

388 

963 

Nickerson,  Nathan     .     .     . 

•4 

99 

.37 

i4 

*53 
9' 

366 
419 

'4 

♦63 
24 

113 
183 

1,167 

Newny,  James 

4 

74 

78 

4 

*36 

187 

4 

*68 

90 

355 

Porter,  Nehemiah,  sen.  .     . 

3 

138 

450 

3 

63  j 

98) 

1.093 

3 

'77  i 

384 

1.927 

Porter,  Nehemiah,  jun.  .     . 

4 

103 

100 

4 

•108 

367 

4 

*48 

104 

47' 

Porter,  Samuel 

4 

130 

147 

4 

»io8 

267 

4 

*48 

104 

S'8 

Porter,  Nathan 

I 

84 

iga 

I 

33 

446 

1 

"4 

aos 

843 

Pease,  Job 

4 

96 

77 

4 

*87 

360 

4 

•113 

138 

465 

Pearl,  David 

4 

62 

61 

4 

•83 

313 

4 

*IO 

84 

458 

Perry,  John 

I 

57 

154 

' 

137 

647 

X 

83 

i6s 

966 

Perry,  Moses 

i4 

15 

388 

.4 

•89 
"3 

351 

443 

'4 

*xo3 
17 

84 
169 

'.235 

Pitman,  Joseph      .... 

•4 

70 

■87 

'4 

•85 
10 

256 
S8' 

'4 

•11 

61 

103 
303 

1.4.^0 

Rin^,  George 

«4 

40 

265 

.4 

•93 
130 

199 
496 

'4 

•119 

'27 

89 
'4' 

'.'SO 

Robbms,  James     .... 

i4 

98 

>73 

i4 

•86 
145 

257 
525 

'4 

•76 

131 

131 

186 

1,363 

Robbins,  Abigail    .... 

I 

I 

ti6 

I 

139 

628 

I 

88 

173 

916 

Robinson,  Timothy    .     .     , 

I 

lOI 

«79 

1 

75     '     489 

I 

IIO 

207 

875 

Robinson,  William     .     .     . 

i4 

103 

»34 

i4 

•79         »5> 

54          479 

i4 

•so 
118 

no 
137 

','92 

Rogers,  Cornelius  .... 

: 

23 

no 

. 

>07          557 

I 

33 

316 

883 

Rogers,  Thomas    .... 

4 

39 

56 

4 

•97     '     '93 

4 

•4 

65 

314 

178 


SCHEME   OF  DIVISION. 


Names  of  Grantees 

,  and 

Area  of  theii 

Lands.  - 

—  Concluded. 

1ST  Division. 

2D  Division           3U  Division. 

Toul 

i 

- 

Si  ' 

Shares 

Names  of  Grantees. 

3 

1  i 

Area  in 
Acres. 

"o 

1 

c 

i 

6o 

r. 

< 

6         c 

z      z 

I          34 

i 

< 

•0    i 

'     i 

< 

1 

Rose,  Richard 

187 

i 
618 

53 

1 
194 

999 

KeddinK,  Benjamin    .     .     . 

69 

113 

»           44 

545  :  '  i  81 

2O0 

858 

Richardson,  John  .... 

4 

12 

93 

4      '87 

a6o  j     i    •1.3 

128 

481 

SaUer,  Thomas 

I 

30 

134 

I          27 

470     '       149 

188 

792 

.Salter,  William 

I 

127 

.59 

I          99 

544       «     '   122 

224 

927 

Soames,  I.ydia 

129 

246 

72 

607   1   I         104 

125 

973 

Scoti,  Jonathan      .... 

i 

37 

100 

4 

•83 

3t3!     4 

»IO 

84 

497 

.Scott,  Moses 

18 

132 

148 

473      . 

2 

290 

895 

Sinnotl,  Thomas    .... 

67 

'99 

90 

400      I 

»37 

152 

751 

Sullivan,  Thomas  .... 

76 

231 

40 

629  >  > 

105 

,83 

>,043 

Symonds,  John       .... 

9J 

'51 

17 

386      1 

94 

•45 

682 

Stewart,  Joseph      .... 

5' 

127 

118 

487      I 

73 

206 

820 

Scwell,  Dominicus      .     .     . 

55 

■57 

76 

659  j  ' 

58 

238 

I, "54 

Simmons,  Cyrus     .... 

41 

156 

«35 

567      « 

27 

213 

936 

Sollows,  John 

li 

89 

222 

i4 

♦  109 

286      li 

•126 

83 

29 

467 

3 

176 

',234 

Saunders,  Joseph  .... 

'4 

82 

182 

i4 

*IIO 

334    >4 

♦28 

128 

5 

557  , 

116 

233 

1,334 

Tinkham,  Edward      .    .     . 

i4 

109 

186 

'4 

•5' 
lat 

236 
504 

.4 

*8s 
99 

79 
271 

1,276 

Trask,  Elias 

16 

100 

3 

460 

' 

84          245 

805 

Trelry,  Joshua 

"37 

209 

'3 

528 

I 

57          151 

88S 

Trefr>-,  John 

3 

297 

59) 
47  i 

1,104 

2 

83  \  \     5'o 

1,911 

'47*1 

Walker,  John 

7' 

124 

I 

41 

711 

I 

7     i     »52 

987 

Woodbury,  Jonathan       .     . 

90 

163 

II 

539 

I 

•43 

154 

856 

Weston,  Nathan     .... 

i4 

34 

\ 

.4 

*53 
45 

,     266 
495 

i4 

♦62 
12 

1.2 

217 

1,29c 

Verge,  John 

I 

95 

"7 

43 

578 

I 

92 

148 

843 

Vacant 

4 

'31 

86 

4 

♦57 
6- 

330 

4 

*90     [       92 
18, 

■;o8    ; 

Government  Reservation 

4 

10 

719 

2,418 

4 

3°!:  801 

3.?38 

j 

I02 

77  f 

149 

1 

- 

•47. 

1 
; 

- 

78  J 

1 

i       - 

- 

-     1       - 
i 

- 

129.638 

An  asterisk  in  the  foregoing  table  implies  that  tlie  grantee  had  only 
half  of  the  lot  to  which  it  is  affixed,  but  the  corresponding  figures 
express  only  half  the  area  of  the  lot.  The  figures  in  the  total-area 
column,  therefore,  show  the  number  of  acres  to  each  grantee,  except  that, 
to  economize  space,  the  fractional  parts  of  an  acre  which  helped  to  make 
up  the  area  of  nearly  every  lot  are  omitted,  without,  however,  materially 
affecting  the  result.     The  total-area  column,  if  added  up,  will  be  found. 


SCHEME   OF  DIVl:^IOX. 


179 


therefore,  to  vary  a  little  from  the  amount  expressed  at  foot,  129.63S 
acres ;  the  area  of  the  lots  in  the  three  divisions,  after  deducting  the 
area  of  William  Tor)''s  lands,  Bunker's  and  Gilfillan's  Peninsulas,  etc., 
609.58  acres. 

It  will  have  been  observed  that  a  grantee's  number  covered  more  than 
one  lot  in  the  different  divisions,  particularly  in  the  first  and  second 
divisions.  For  instance,  John  MacKinnon  had  three  lots  in  the  first 
division  under  No.  31  ;  a  large  lot  in  'he  Little-River  District,  about  700 
acres  ;  a  lot  on  Wyman's  Road  ;  and  a  lot  in  the  special  plot  at  the  mouth 
of  Salmon  River,  now  belonging  to  the  Earl  family,  —  together  863 
acres. 


GRANTEES   OF   GILFILLANS   PENINSULA 

John  Perry Lot  No.  i 

Dominicus  Sewell "        2 

James  Mattingly "        3 


GRANTEES   OF   BUNKERS   PENINSULA. 

William  Haskell Lot  I 

IJenjamin  Urown "     2     .     .     .     . 

Nathaniel  Elwell " 

Eleazer  15utler " 

Jonathan  Woodbury " 

lienjamin  Kllenwood " 

James  Gilfillan " 

Lbenezer  Moulton " 

John  H.  .Moulton " 

Ebenezer  Moulton,  jun " 

Elisha  Kldridge       " 

John  Richardson " 

Paul  Punker " 

Ebenezer  Moulton " 

Phineas  Hurkee " 

William  Ha.skell " 

Joseph  Stewart " 

Hezekiah  Hunker " 

Judah  Agard " 

Joseph  Saunders " 

Kleazer  Hibbard " 

Ebenezer  Moulton " 

Hezekiah  Punker " 

Hezekiah  Hunker '■ 

Hezekiah  Bunker " 


9 
10 
II 
12 

13 

13 

'4 

'5 
16 

17 
iS 

'9 
20 
21 

22 

23 
2+ 


4 

acres 

3* 

(( 

3i 

({ 

II 

acres 

\  acres. 


34^  acres. 


i8o 


SCHEME   OF  DIVISION. 


GRANTEES  OF  CHEBOGUE  TOWN  POINT 

lienj.imin  Oarling Lot  i 

Jiihii  Trefry "2 

Thomas  Saltes ;     . 

Joshua  Trefry 

John  Verge     

James  lieal 

Timothy  l<obinsf)n 

Amo>  Hilton 

Stilson  Hilton 

Josiah  Heal 

Kbenezer  Kllis 

Lemuel  ('hurchill 


3  acres. 


3 
4 

5 
6 

7 

S 

9 

10 

1 1 


(( 

i6 

(I 

'7 

tl 

i8 

t( 

'9 

«( 

20 

t( 

21 

t< 

22 

tt 

23 

tt 

24 

*' 

25 

ID 


James  Kelley "  ij 

Ebcne/cr  Haley "14 

Norman  MacKinnon "  j^ 1 

John  Crawley,  sen 

John  MacKinnon 

Abner  Hall 

Elias  Trask 

Daniel  T'rocker 

William  Curtis 

Jonathan  Scott 

Samuel  Dove 

Wells  Moulton 

Josiah  Godfrey 


GRANTEES   OF   STONY    BEACH    POINT. 


39  acres. 


Elbenerer  .Moulton 
Ebenezer  Mmilton 
Samuel  Harris     . 
Jose|)h  Pitman     . 
Joseph  Saunders 
Henry  Coggins    . 
Stephen  Gullison 
lienjamin  Redding 
Nehtniiah  Porter 
John  Symonds     . 
Andrew  Lovitt    . 
Rivjhard  Rose.    . 
Ebenezer  Corning 


Lot  I 
"   2 

"  3 
"   4 

"  6 

"  7 
"   8 

"  9 
"  10 
"  n 
•'  12 

"•3 


John  Sollows "14 

David  Pearl    .  "15 

Samuel  Ellenwood "16 


acre. 


16  acres. 


HIGH  11  -A  Y  KESER  VA  HON.  1 8 1 

The  municipal  authorities  of  tiie  township  appear  to  have  lost  sight 
of  the  fact,  that,  in  the  division  of  the  lands,  a  reservation  was  made  for 
higlnvays  of  1,708  acres,  equal  to  about  213  miles  of  highway,  of  four 
ro(ls  in  width.  A  reference  to  the  plan  will  show  that,  to  nearly  every 
lot  in  the  three  divisions,  unless  hounded  l)y  a  marsh  or  river,  access 
was  given  by  a  highway  reservation,  now  often  mentioned  as  a  "double- 
base  line."  No  doubt,  the  county  taxes  in  times  past  would  have  been 
less  burdensome  if  this  feature  in  (ioldsbury's  plan  had  been  more 
generally  recognized  ;  and  even  now,  in  the  still  unoccupied  portion-^  of 
the  townshij),  it  may  be  found  that  to  follow  his  scheme  of  division 
would  prove  advantageous  to  the  public  interests,  and,  at  the  same  time, 
open  up  the  lands  for  settlement. 


CHAPTER    XIII. 

Chebo?ue  Farmers. —  Homes  of  Early  Settlers. —  Kelley's  Cove.  —  (^Id  Arcadia  and  J.ittle- 
Rivcr  Homesteads. —  Diirkeo's  Island.—  Pinkney's  I'oint.  —  .--ea-side  and  River  Scenery 
of  Yarmouth  Sound  and  Chebosjiie  H.irbor. —  I'hineas  Durkee.  —  Proprietors'  Improve- 
ments within  Towr  Proper.  —  John  .Murray,  E.  W.  H.  Moody,  Comfort  Haley  of  Salem, 
Thomas  and  Georjje  fioudey  and  others.  —  Coast-line  from  Cape  Fourchu  'o  Beaver- 
River  Comer. —  Israel  I.ovittand  Richard  Fletcher.  —  Chegog^jin  and  Brooklyn  Farmers. 

—  Farmers  from  Ulster.  —  .Sons  of  [ames  .Murphy.  —  Ephraim  Churchill  and  his 
Descendants. —  .Murphy's  Iiridf.;e.  —  ICIeazer  and  Kiifus  Hibbard.  —  I.eadmg  Farmers  in 
other  Districts  of  the  Township  and  on  the  Banks  of  the  Tusket  River  and  its  Branches. 

—  Influence  of  the  FCarly  Settlers. 

RI'A'KR'riNO  now  to  the  early  settlers  of  Yarmouth  Township,  we 
find  among  the  i6o  men  (see  beginning  of  Chapter  XI.)  wlio 
came  here  previous  to  1800,  the  names  of  those  to  whom,  or  to  who.se 
descendants,  are  mainly  owing  the  growth  and  i>rosperity  of  the  township. 
From  the  families  who  first  settled  upon  the  shores  of  the  Chebogue 
River  and  the  eastern  shores  of  Yarmouth  Sound,  came  the  men  wiio 
founded  and  sustained  the  maritime  industry  of  the  Port  of  Yarmouth. 
I»ut  there  were  many  among  them  who  first  deserve  mention  for  their 
enterprise  in  clearing  away  the  forests,  and  preparing  for  agricultural 
pursuits,  that  being  a  prime  condition  of  permanent  occupation. 

.'\s  the  reader  passes  over  the  pages  that  follow,  it  will  be  seen  how 
large  a  proportion  of  those  engaged  in  the  various  pursuits  bear  the 
names  of  the  residents  of  the  first  forty  years.  Previous  to  1800,  but  one 
vessel  eii-eeding  a  hundred  tons  had  been  built  in  the  cuunty,  nor  had 
the  forest-clearings  advanced  so  far  as  to  entitle  any  cultivated  area  to  be 
called  a  farm.  Except  in  a  general  way,  therefore,  allusion  will  not  be 
made  to  conflitions  existing  prior  to  the  year  1800;  but  the  names  will 
be  given  of  the  men  prominent  in  diffeicnt  pursuits  at  later  periods 
whom  Campbell's  History  has  failed  to  mention. 

The  names  first  given  will  be  those  of  the  men  who,  coming  into 


CHimOGUE  POINT. 


'83 


I)Ossession  of  ihe  early  clearings,  continued  the  work  so  well  begun,  and 
who  have  been  at  some  time  prominent  as  cultivators  of  the  soil.  Under 
the  family-names  will  be  comprised  those  who  have,  by  various  routes, 
following  the  first  paths  cut  through  the  forest,  extended  their  agricul- 
tural o[ierations  all  over  the  township,  rendering  the  conditions  of  life 
easier  to  their  successors. 


Allen. 

Goodwin. 

MacKinnic. 

Rodney. 

Andrews. 

Grdidcy. 

Mac.Miillen. 

Rogers. 

IJain. 

Gowen. 

Miller. 

Rose. 

I'.aker. 

Flalcy. 

Moiid. 

Saunders. 

llingay. 

Hamilton. 

Moody. 

Scott. 

Hond. 

Handy. 

Morrill. 

Scovil. 

I'.ridgeo. 

H.irris. 

M-.ses. 

Shaw. 

I'.rown. 

Hatfield. 

Murphy. 

Sol  lows. 

Kullerwell. 

Hawley. 

Murray. 

Stritklanfl. 

liiirrill. 

Heineon. 

N'ickcrson. 

Sweeney. 

liiitlcr. 

Her>,ey. 

Patten. 

Syinonds. 

Cain. 

Hibbard. 

I'erry. 

Tedford. 

'  ann. 

Hilton. 

Phillips. 

Thurston. 

Churchill. 

Holden. 

Pinkney. 

Tinkhain. 

Clement.s. 

Holmes. 

Pitman. 

Tooker. 

Cook. 

1  fiintington. 

Porter. 

Trask. 

Corning. 

Hurlburt. 

Powers. 

Travis. 

Crawley. 

Jeffery. 

Prosser. 

Trefry. 

Crosby. 

Jenkins. 

Randall. 

Van  Xorden 

Dennis, 

Kavanagli. 

Raymond. 

Vickery. 

Durkee. 

Kellcy. 

Raynard. 

Walker. 

Karl. 

Killam. 

Redding. 

Webster. 

Eldridge. 

Kinney. 

Richardson. 

Weston. 

Ellis. 

Landers. 

Ring. 

Whitehouse. 

Flint. 

Lo\,  t. 

Ritchie. 

Williams. 

Foote. 

MacKinnon. 

R^jbbins. 

Wilson. 

P'oulis. 

Magray. 

Roberts. 

Winter. 

Gallic. 

MacCormank. 

Robinson. 

Wyman. 

Particular  mention  must  be  made  of  a  few  men  in  different  parts  of 
the  township,  who,  by  the  thorough  manner  m  which  they  carried  out 
their  agricultural  operations,  set  a  good  example  before  their  neighbor- 
hood. 

First  in  order  come  Joseph  Robbins,  Ira  Robbins,  and  Lemuel 
Robbins,  John  Crawley,  Jacob  Hilton,  and  Samuel  Oosby,  whosn  prop- 
erties at  Chebogue  Point  remain  an  ornament  to  that  section  of  the 
country,  and  an  evidence  of  the  industry  and  skill  of  the  successive 
occupants.     Chandler  Robbins,  the  present  owner  of  tba   property  of 


lS4  CHE  BOGLE  RIIER. 

his  father,  Joseph  Robbins,  and  who  has  added  to  and  improved  it, 
enjoys  the  honor  of  owning  the  most  productive  and  valuable  farm  in 
the  county. 

On  the  Cove  road  the  farms  which  present  the  most  attractions  are 
those  of  the  late  Capt.  John  Hilton,  Capts.  John  I).  Kelley,  William 
H.  Cook.  Cleorge  Allen,  and  James  F.  Scott  (the  latter  formerly  Capt. 
Robert  Kelley's),  all  the  outcome  of  the  labors  of  the  early  settlers  ; 
,vhile  the  picturescjue  properties  of  Lewis  Allen  and  Charles  Richan 
of  Sunday  I'oint  add  a  finish  to  the  charming  scenery  at  Kelley's 
Cove. 

John  Pinkney,  Leonard  Weston,  and  the  brothers  Nathaniel,  Samuel, 
and  John  Holmes  of  Central  Chebogue,  have,  as  intelligent  cultivators 
of  the  soil,  distinguished  their  district ;  while  its  later  accessions,  Capt. 
Francis  G.  Cook,  Capt.  George  Jacpies,  and  Norman  B.  Handy,  son  of 
Ward  Handy,  a  worthy  and  well-remembered  farmer  of  Ohio,  are 
admirably  comjjleting  the  work  of  their  predecessors  under  circum- 
stances more  favorable  than  the  latter  enjoyed. 

The  improvements  of  John  and  Joseph  Kinney,  Lemuel  Churchill 
2d,  and  George  Trefry,  render  more  conspicuous  the  lofty  eminence 
at  the  head  of  tide-water  of  the  Chebogue  River ;  while  in  the  valley 
the  cosey  cottage  of  S(|uire  Gabriel  \'an  Norden  secured  the  admiration 
of  every  passer-by.  The  squire's  garden  was  noted  for  the  earliest 
flowers  of  spring,  the  first  fruits  of  summer  and  of  autumn  ;  and  often, 
beneath  the  beauteous  blossoms  of  the  sciuire's  orchard,  were  gathered 
attractions  more  lovely  than  the  flowers.  There  was  the  true  Arcadia 
—  now  passing  away. 

An  attractive  property  at  Little  River  is  Durkee's  Island,  the  former 
home  of  the  first  Amasa  Durkee,  then  of  Lyman  Durkee,  his  son,  and 
later  owned  and  very  much  improved  by  N.  K.  Clements ;  and,  a  little 
farther  on,  the  fine  property  of  William  Kinney  bears  testimony  to  his 
unfailing  energy  and  industry  at  a  time  of  life  when  most  men  seek 
repose.  The  farms  of  the  Cooks,  Aliens,  and  Herseys,  in  the  same  dis- 
trict, too  numerous  to  particularize,  afford  a  pleasing  evidence  of  the 
manner  in  which  the  later  occupants  have  carried  forward  the  improve- 
ments begun  by  their  ancestors  a  hundred  years  ago. 

Pinkney's  Point,  the  old  homestead  of  the  first  John  Pinkney  of  1777, 


COVE  ROAD.  185 

about  thirty  years  ago  passed  into  tlie  possession  of  I'rospere  Surette  and 
Antoine  Richard  from  Tusket  \Vedge.  I'or  many  years  previous  it  was 
the  home  of  Joseph  Pcry,  gramlson  of  Thomas  Perry,  an  early  settler; 
and  among  the  writer's  most  treasured  rerollec  tions  is  the  cordial 
welcome  with  which,  upon  a  pleasant  Sunday  afternoon  in  1S50, 
Mr.  Perry  received  his  first  visit  to  Pinkney's  Point ;  and  this  had  an 
exact  counterpart  in  a  reception  from  Ira  Robl)ins  at  C'hebogue  Point, 
two  years  later. 

The  lands  adjoining  the  Cove  road  from  Hroad  Hrook  northerly  to 
Yarmouth  Town  were  naturally  too  rocky  and  uneven  to  admit  of  exten- 
sive agricultural  operations  unless  at  a  scarcely  warrantable  exj)ense. 
Still,  some  retired  sea-captains,  Thomas  Crosby,  James  (Jain,  William 
Hibbard,  Nehemiah  Crosby,  James  Baker,  and  William  Cain,  having  in 
their  turn  exerted  themselves  to  supjjly  what  nature  had  denied,  the 
district  has  lost  many  of  the  rough  and  unattractive  features  it  originally 
possessed. 

The  sea-side  and  river  scenery,  all  around  the  circuit  so  far  referred 
to,  is  so  truly  magnificent  that  the  holders  of  the  properties  may  reason- 
ably look  forward  to  a  time  when  the  shores  of  Yarmouth  Sound  and 
C'hebogue  Harbor  and  River  will  become  favorite  resorts  for  a  wealthy 
class  of  New-F2ngland  people  escaping  from  the  oppressive  heat  of  the 
summer  months  at  home.  The  overflow  from  the  crowded  beaches  of 
Maine  and  .Massachus«;tts  is  casting  about  for  "fresh  fields  and  pastures 
new ; "  and  under  certain  conditions,  which  it  may  not,  perhaps,  be 
prudent  here  to  mention,  the  sea-beaches  of  Yarmouth  County  would 
attract  a  fair  proportion  of  most  desirable  summer  visitors." 

Just  outside  of  the  limits  of  Yarmouth  Town  lies  the  old  homestead 
property  of  Phineas  Durkee  of  I'jGi,  whose  great-great-grandson, 
Amasa  G.  Durkee,  now  occupies  a  part  of  it.  The  descendants  of 
Phineas  are  to  be  found  at  the  present  day  as  farmers  at  Ohio,  Deerfield, 
and  Carleton,  at  Bellfield,  Pembroke,  Lake  George,  and  Cedar  Lake. 
His  eldest  son,  Amasa,  owned,  and  gave  the  name  to,  I  )urkee's  Island  on 
the  eastern  side  of  the  (Jhebogue  River ;  another  son,  Stejihen,  was  one 
of  the  first  settlers  at  Brooklyn  (then  called  Squirreltown)  ;  and  another, 
Robert,  was  one  of  the  pioneers  of  the  Ohio  district.     Phineas  was  the 

•  Appendix  O. 


f86  YARMOUTH   TOWN. 

grantee  also  of  what  was  later  called  "Jenkins'  Island,"  near  the  head 
of  Yarmouth  Harbor. 

The  old  "Tooker  farm,"  adjoining  Durkee's  (originally  granted  to 
Richard  Rose),  has  been  in  the  Tooker  family  nearly  a  hundred  years. 
It  was  the  first  Yarmouth  home  of  Jacob  Tooker,  who  was  a  master  ship- 
buildv..-,  and  the  ancestor  of  all  of  that  name  in  the  county. 

The  lands  reclaimed  by  John  Murray,  on  the  south  side  of  Kempt 
Street,  present,  from  front  to  rear,  perhaps  a  better  example  of  thorough 
cultivation  and  orderly  arrangement  than  any  other  area  of  equal  extent 
in  the  county.  James  Bond,  E.  W.  B.  Moody,  W.  H.  Moody,  and 
Cieorge  S.  Brown,  togf'ther,  within  the  last  forty  years,  effected  many  valu- 
able and  permanent  improvements  upon  the  area  between  Argyle  and 
Forest  Streets ;  while  Comfort  Haley's  large  farm  at  Salem  has  been  a 
model  for  judiciOui  field  divisions,  clean  and  profitable  culture,  and  neat 
fencing ;  and  Mr.  Haley  himself  was  no  less  distinguished  for  untiring 
industry  than  for  the  uniform  courtesy  and  good-nature  with  which  he 
fulfilled  the  duties  of  a  neighbor  and  a  citizen. 

The  lands  from  But)e-'s  Hill  to  Milton,  generally,  were  poorly 
adapted  to  cultivation ;  and  they  were,  for  the  most  part,  held  by  men 
engaged  in  seafaring  pursuits.  Thomas  and  George  Goudey,  William 
Brown,  Ebenezer  and  Nehemiah  Porter,  Joseph  Ellis,  John  Durkee, 
John  Redding,  and  James  Jenkins,  although  following  various  other 
avocations,  made  considerable  improvements  upon  the  large  tracts  they 
owned  ;  fitting  them,  in  fine,  for  buildmg-sites,  for  which  purpose  they 
have  been  freely  utilized  during  the  last  fifty  years. 

Near  the  corner  of  Starr's  road  is  the  old  homestead  of  Joseph  Shaw, 
for  many  years  high  sheriff  of  Yarmouth  County,  and  whose  name  will 
appear  hereafter  among  the  prominent  ship-owners.  And  just  here  a 
digression  may  be  permitted  to  remark  that  Yarmouth  has  always  been 
fortunate  in  her  sheriffs.  John  Bingay,  Joseph  Shaw,  W.  B.  Townsend, 
and  W.  K.  Dudman,  held  »^he  office  in  succession  for  more  than  sixty 
years ;  and  of  them  all  it  may  be  said  they  cultivated  the  virtue  of 
forbearance,  and  reluctantly  executed  the  tasks  the  lawyers  set  before 
them,  —  virtues  surely  to  be  practised  by  the  present  incumbent.  More- 
over, their  view  seemed  to  be  that  criminals  of  the  ordinary  sort,  —  and 
Yarmouth  furnished  none  other  of  native  stock,  —  were  merely  men  of 


CHEGOGGIN.  1 8/ 

average  character  led  temporarily  astray,  who  would  in  kind  words  and 
humane  treatment,  in  "justice  tempered  with  mercy,"  raid  a  real  incen- 
tive to  reform. 

Miner  Huntington  and  John  Killam  2d  were  the  later  owners  of 
the  principal  part  of  John  Walker's  grant,  which,  bounded  west  by  the 
harbor  and  Cape  Fourchu  River,  extended  from  Starr's  Corner  up  to  and 
including  the  property  of  James  MacMullen  and  Thomas  Perry.  Soon 
after  the  death  of  Herbert  Huntington  in  1851,  streets  were  laid  out 
through  his  extensive  property,  opening  up  the  handsome  building-sites 
since  so  finely  occupied,  which,  with  the  important  improvements  subse- 
quently effected  by  Thomas  Killam  upon  his  lands  on  both  sides  ot 
Chestnut  Street,  imparted  a  new  character  to  "the  Mills."  Thence- 
forward the  quiet  village  better  deserved  the  name  of  Milton. 

The  lands  upon  the  western  side  of  the  harbor,  from  Cape  Fourchu 
to  Chegoggin  Dike,  were  better  suited  for  pasturage  than  tillage  :  they 
have  been  mainly  occupied  by  men  who  followed  the  sea,  and  this 
remark  applies  generally  to  the  whole  coast-line  to  Beaver-River  Corner. 
But  there  were  some  noteworthy  exceptions.  The  sons  and  grandsons 
of  Richard  Rose  successfully  applied  themselves  to  the  cultivation  of 
the  soil  to  the  manifest  advantage  of  the  whole  community ;  and  the 
descendants  of  Levi  Scovil,  Samuel  and  David  Harris,  and  Zachariah 
Foote,  have  performed  some  very  creditable  work  m  the  same  line. 
James  Scovil  made  his  grass-lands  and  dairy-stock  so  profitable  that  his 
neighbors  sometimes  thought  he  had  discovered  one  of  the  pirate- 
treasures  which  tradition  says  lie  buried  all  along  the  south-west  coast  of 
Nova  Scotia.  But  a  more  reasonable  conjecture  is,  that  Mr.  Scovil's 
success  was  owing  to  a  judicious  application  to  his  fields  of  the  wealth 
which  the  autumn  gales  throw  upon  the  benches.  Soon  after  Benjamin 
Churchill  (great-grandson  of  the  first  Lemuel)  bought  Mr.  Scovil's  farm, 
he  introduced  to  that  part  of  the  country  a  mowing-machine,  hay-tedder, 
and  horse-rake,  —  a  proof  alike  of  Mr.  Churchill's  enterprise  and  Mr. 
Scovil's  intelligent  and  careful  culture.  ;        ? 

Israel  Lovitt's  farm,  which  has  been  in  possession  of  the  family  for 
a  hundred  and  twenty  years,  was  noted  in  his  day  for  its  handsome 
oxen  and  excellent  dairy-stock.  Mr.  Lovitt  was  very  fond  of  horses  also, 
and  more  were  raised  upon  his  than  upon  any  other  farm  in  the  county. 


I88  LOVITT'S  ROAD. 

But  Mr.  Lovitt's  enterprise  was  not  confined  to  raising  fine  horses 
and  cattle.  From  his  pasture-lot  at  the  head  of  the  creek  dividing  his 
property  from  that  of  his  neighbor,  John  Cann^  Mr.  Lovitt  launched  his 
brig  Paragon,  in  1838  ;  and  fromthe  opposite  shore  of  the  creek,  a  few 
rods  farther  up,  John  Cann  launched  his  brig  Britannia  in  the  same 
year.  Upon  the  same  sites,  respectively,  Capt.  Cann  built  the  brig 
Grecian,  in  1832,  and  Mr.  Lovitt  the  brigi.  Redbreast,  in  1834.  For 
such  purposes  were  the  farms  utilized  only  fifty  years  ago.  It  was  the 
"  mixed  husbandry  "  of  the  early  settlers  continued  to  the  second  and 
third  generations.  "  Lovitl'b  Grove "  has  been  associated  with  the 
romances  of  five  generations,  fresh  ones  supplying  the  place  of  the  older 
romances  as  they  in  succession  become  tradition.  With  its  ancient 
beech-trees  and  mass  of  evergreens,  it  is  still  a  favorite  resort  in  the 
picnic  season.     Esto  perpetua. 

.'\djoining  Mr.  Lovitt's  to  the  westward  is  the  old  homestead  of  Dr. 
Richard  Fletcher,  third  son  of  Dr.  George  Fletcher  of  Queens  County, 
Ireland,  the  ancestor  of  whose  family  in  Ireland  was  in  early  times 
bishop  of  Kildare.  There  is  a  monument  erected  to  his  memory  in  the 
cathedral  of  Christ  Church,  Dublin.' 

In  1 786,  Dr.  Richard  Fletcher  was  appointed  surgeon  to  the  Sixth 
Regiment  of  Foot,  shortly  afterward  ordered  to  the  North- American 
station.  In  1791  he  married  Mary,  fourth  daughter  of  Col.  Ranald 
MacKinnon  of  Argyle.  He  had  retired  from  the  service  in  1 796,  and 
settled  at  Shelburne,  where  he  resided  until  1809,  when  he  removed  to 
Yarmouth.     He  died  in  1818. 

Dr.  Fletcher  had  two  sons.  The  eldest,  William,  joined  the  British 
navy  as  midshipman.  He  served  in  the  Cleopatra  in  1807,  and  in  the 
Columbia  in  1808.  In  18 10,  while  on  the  West  India-station,  he  was  pro- 
moted to  a  lieutenancy,  and  placed  in  command  of  H.  M.  S.  Guachapin, 
guardship  at  Antigua.  He  died  there  of  yellow-fever  in  1813. 
i  Mrs.  Mary  Fletcher  occupied  the  old  homestead  unti#  1840,  when  it 
passed  into  the  possession  of  her  second  son,  Capt.  George  Stephen 
Fletcher,  who  went  to  Australia  in  the  Brilliant  in  1852,  and  died  at 
Melbourne  in  1854. 

Among  the  older  Chegoggin  farmers  must  be  named  Calvin  Cann  and 

'  Appendix  P. 


MILTON.  189 

William  Thurston,  who  owned  the  lands  at  the  head  of  tide-water  of 
the  Chegoggin  River,  once  the  site  of  an  Indian  encampment  and  of  the 
traditional  Acadian  village;  Abner  and  Moses  Vickery  in  the  same 
vicinity  ;  Thomas  Brown,  who  succeeded  to  the  fine  property  of  his 
father  of  the  same  name ;  Mark  Killam,  who  in  his  day  was  the  leading 
farmer  of  Chegoggin,  famous  for  his  excellent  beef-cattle,  and  the 
superior  quality  of  his  crops  of  every  description  ;  Nelson  Corning,  who 
in  his  old  age  still  carries  off  first  prizes  at  the  annual  fairs  of  the 
Yarmouth  County  Agricultural  Society  ;  and  Stephen  Churchill  (grandson 
of  Ephraim),  celebrated  for  the  first-rate  quality  of  his  dairy  products, 
and  who  has  probably  raised  more  fine  oxen  and  dairy-stock  of 
improved  breeds  than  any  other  farmer  in  the  county. 

The  men  of  the  Bain  family  (descendants  of  the  shipwrecked  boy 
of  1762),  as  farmers  of  Chegoggin,  or  wherever  else  in  the  county  they 
have  been  located,  or  however  they  have  been  employed,  have  always 
been  distinguished  for  honest  and  faithful  work :  and  the  b others 
Richard  and  John  Williams,  owning  large  farms  just  outside  the  town- 
limits,  are  remembered  for  the  genuine  courtesy  with  which,  in  the 
midst  of  their  work,  they  received  a  visitor  ;  nor  would  they  let  him  go 
until  he  had  been  taken  to  their  house,  and  made  a  partaker  of  the 
generous  hospitality  which  was  a  not  uncommon  feature  of  the  olden 
time. 

Henry  Burrill,  for  the  last  thirty  years  the  leading  farmer  in  the 
Milton  district,  and  the  owner  of  some  of  the  best  dairy-stock  in  the 
county,  has  earned  a  distinction  which  his  youngest  son  promises  to 
perpetuate  ;  while  his  nephew,  John  MacCormack,  has,  in  his  quiet  but 
effective  way,  put  the  finishing-touches  to  some  of  the  early  clearings 
on  the  hill  east  of  his  residence,  which  lead  the  visitor  to  lament  that 
more  emigrants  from  Ulster  have  not  found  their  way  to  Yarmouth 
County. 

The  old  homestead  of  Capt.  Amos  Baker,  J. P.,  meets  us  at  the  end 
of  Bain's  Road,  later  owned  by  his  nephew  Amos  Baker  Brown,  with 
the  farm  of  Zachariah  Corning  for  its  next  neighbor  to  the  north. 

The  six  sons  of  James  Murphy  of  Brooklyn  —  William,  John, 
Benjamin,  Martin,  Joseph,  and  Melzar — all  followed  the  sea  in  their 
younger  days ;  but  they  all  had,  too,  a  natural  predilection  for  the  soil. 


IQO  BROOKLYN. 

The  name  "  Murphy's  Bridge  "  will,  no  doubt,  long  remain  as  a  reminder 
of  William,  the  owner  of  the  picturesque  property  beyond  it.  Benjamm, 
the  last  to  overcome  the  attractions  of  foreign  lands,  has  been  lately, 
with  a  lively  zeal,  employed  ii:  making  permanent  improvements  upon 
his  wife's  portion  of  the  old  Israel  Lovitt  homestead ;  and  the  other 
brothers,  owners  of  neatly  kept  properties  at  Brooklyn,  have  materially 
aided  '■be  descendants  of  Joseph  Pitman  and  John  Walker  (of  1762  and 
1 764)  in  giving  character  to  that  locality. 

The  Pitmans  are  too  numerous,  and  their  valuable  work  too  varied, 
to  admit  of  detail  here.  If  their  work  outside  of  it  had  been  confined 
to  Brooklyn,  there  would  be  now  presented  an  area  of  neatly  fenced 
and  cleanly-cultivated  lands  of  an  extent  unequalled  in  the  county ;  but 
who,  then,  could  have  built  up  Yarmouth  Town?  The  elder  Amos  out- 
grew Brooklyn  "1  ^  gether.  But  the  hills  were  still  higher ;  and,  unwilling 
to  have  his  view  obstructed  by  the  high  lands  intervening,  he  at  length 
withdrew  from  Brooklyn,  and  established  himself  on  "Tedford's  Hill," 
an  eminence  on  Starr's  Road,  from  which  he  could  overlook  both  the 
town  and  Brooklyn. 

The  landmark,  "Thurston's  Corner,"  attests  an  appreciation  of  John 
Thurston's  improvements ;  and  Angus  Walker,  attached  to  the  home 
of  his  early  years  as  well  as  to  the  region  about  Salmon- River  Bridge, 
made  a  compromise  with  himself,  and  settled  upon  the  verge  of  the 
Black  Country ;  and  his  fields  there  now  bear  evidence  to  a  degree  of 
culture  nc'  excelled  in  the  Brooklyn  district.  His  mechanical  ability 
brought  him  employment  for  rainy  days,  for  Angus  Walker's  ox-yokes 
are  esteemed  all  over  the  county. 

On  the  road  towards  Hebron,  the  first  noteworthy  property  is  the 
old  homestead  of  Thomas  Flint  and  of  his  son  Thomas ;  next,  the 
property  of  Eleazer  Hibbard  (son  of  Eleazer  of  1763),  and  of  Ephraim 
Churchill  of  1784,  who,  if  we  may  judge  by  their  descendants,  were  very 
worthy  men.  Rufus  Churchill,  sen.,  a  master  ship-builder,  father  of  the 
Rufus  so  skilled  in  the  mechanical  powers ;  Zaccheus  Churchill,  the 
trusty  land-surveyor ;  and  Walter  Churchill,  the  judicious  and  industrious 
farmer,  —  occupied  portions  of  these  lands,  as  well  as  Capt.  William 
Churchill,  for  many  years  township  treasurer.  Well  worth  a  visit  is  the 
carefully  guarded   family   graveyard   where    Ephraim  was   buried,   and 


HEBRON. 


191 


where,  with  a  commendable  respect  for  old  associations,  members  of  his 
family  still  bury  their  dead. 

Rufus  Hibbard's  farm  comes  next,  but  his  later  improvements  lie 
back  upon  the  eastern  hill.  His  large  barns,  however,  tell  the  story 
of  his  industry ;  and  his  cheerful  spirit  is  a  token  of  the  rewards  which 
have  been  the  attendants  of  his  toil.  * 

Upon  reaching  the  foot  of  '■  Cann's  Hill,"  we  find  the  homestead 
of  Thomas  Dane  Chipman,  son  of  Zachariah  Chipman  of  Chegoggin, 
who  deserves  remembrance  for  the  unwavering  fidelity  with  which,  for 
a  long  term  of  years,  as  a  member  of  the  old  Court  of  Sessions,  he 
guarded  the  public  interests,  and  dealt  out  impartial  justice  to  all  who 
sought  it  at  that  court. 

The  old  homestead  of  Hugh  Cann  of  1784,  now  occupied  by  his 
youngest  son  Alden,  reminds  us  that  northerly  to  the  county-line  lies 
a  country  still  chiefly  occupied  by  farmers,  a  large  proportion  of  whom 
bear  the  names  of — 


Allen, 

Crosby, 

Moses, 

Trask, 

Butler, 

Durkee, 

Patten, 

Vickery, 

Cann, 

Eldridge, 

Perry, 

Whitehouse. 

Churchill, 

Ellis, 

Porter, 

Winter, 

Cook, 

Goudey, 

Saunders, 

Wyman, 

Corning, 

Landers, 

Tedford, 

who,  with  an  exception  or  two,  are  the  descendants  of  the  men  who 
came  to  Yarmouth  within  twenty-five  years  of  its  first  settlement  in 
1761 ;  but  it  may  be  well  left  to  a  later  pen  to  describe  in,  detail  the 
enterprise  of  the  younger  men  who  are  perfecting  the  work  their  fore- 
fathers had  begun.  Want  of  space  forbids  more  than  a  mere  mention 
of  the  names  of  the  older  farmers  of  the  different  districts.  Loren  and 
Alden  Cann,  Jacob  Tedford,  Samuel  Bain,  John  and  Jacob  Phillips, 
Benjamin  I  itman,  John  Trask,  and  his  sons  James  and  John,  Chipman 
Porte"-  VVilliam  Harris,  and  Joseph  Rogers,  may  be  taken  as  representa- 
ti'  e  <A  Hebron.  VVilliam  Harris  succeeded  to  the  ownership  of  Anthony 
Landers's  homestead ;  and  Joseph  Rogers  bought  the  property  which 
John  Brown  owned  for  about  seventeen  years,  and  named  "  Draffan," 
from  his  old  home  on  the  banks  of  the  Clyde,  about  twenty  miles 
above  Glasgow,  and  to  which  he  retired  upon  relinquishing  business 


192 


OHIO. 


at  Milton  in  1824.  The  leading  farmers  on  the  opposite  side  of  the 
lake  and  at  Bellfield,  have  been  Lemuel  Crosby  and  his  sons  Lemuel 
and  Joseph,  Josiah  Crosby,  Benjamin  Porter,  James  Churchill,  William 
Durkee,  Josiah  Raymond,  Joseph  Bell,  Enoch  Porter,  and  Samuel  T. 
and  Alexander  Bain  4th. 

The  following  lists  contain  the  names  of  the  representative  farmers  of 
the  different  districts  fifty  years  ago,  with  a  few  of  the  more  prominent 
ones  of  a  later  period.  Enoch  Crosby  may  be  taken  as  a  type  of  the 
olden  Ohio  farmer.  After  spending  an  ordinary  lifetime  in  building  up 
his  valuable  old  homestead  property  on  the  western  side  of  the  river,  he 
sold  it  to  Nelson  Cann,  and  retired  to  Deerfield  near  to  where  some  of 
his  children  had  settled ;  and  he  has  so  transformed  his  new  home, 
which  was  a  very  rough  place  when  he  went  to  it,  that  it  is  now  the 
chief  ornament  of  that  part  of  the  country  :  — 


John  Saunders. 
Eleazer  liutler,  sen. 
Eleazer  Butler,  jun. 
Robert  Butler. 
Nathan  Butler. 
Robert  Durkee,  sen. 
John  Durkee. 
Robert  Durkee,  jun. 
Ward  Handy. 
James  Allen. 
Jos.  Alden  Ellis. 


OHIO   DISTRICT. 

Nathan  Crosby,  sen. 
Knowles  Crosby. 
John  K.  Crosby. 
James  Watson  Patten. 
Asahel  Wyman. 
Manasseh  Cook. 
William  Cook. 
Ellas  Trask. 
William  Fletcher. 
Nehemiah  Churchill. 
Benjamin  Churchill. 


Jesse  Cann. 
John  Cann. 
Joseph  Porter. 
Joseph  ''"hitehouse,  sen. 
Benjannn  Whitehouse. 
Jacob  Vickery,  sen. 
Nathan  '^rosby,  jun. 
William  Moses. 
Ebenezer  Crosby. 


Samuel  Hilton. 
Amos  Hilton. 
Robert  Trask. 
Stephen  Durkee. 
George  Durkee. 
Edward  Pennel. 
Phineas  Allen. 
John  Moses. 
Joel  Allen. 


LAKE   GEORGE   DISTRICT. 

Daniel  Allen. 
John  Pitman. 
William  Delaney. 
Charles  Moses. 
Nathaniel  Harris. 
John  Scovil.  ;; 

Enoch  Saunders. 
George  Goudey. 
Henry  Durkee. 


Thomas  Winter. 
John  Winter. 
William  Winter. 
Isaiah  Crosby. 
Samuel  Saunders. 
Ebenezer  Eldridge. 
Hugh  Cann,  sen. 


BEAVER  RIVER   TO   CARLETOX. 


193 


WELLINGTON,   HARTFORD,   ETC. 


James  Powers. 
Zachariah  Vickery. 
Enoch  Crosby. 
J.  Nelson  Cann, 
Hezediah  Porter. 
Richard  Patten. 
Jesse  Moses. 
Edward  Moses. 
James  Moses. 
Henry  Saunders. 
Cyrus  Ferry. 


John  MacCorniack,  sen. 
John  MacCormack,  jun. 
Jonathan  Patten. 
Caleb  Cook. 
James  Crosby. 
Samuel  Porter. 
Sealed  Landers. 
John  Landers. 
Joseph  Landers. 
Jesse  Shaw. 
Ansel  Crosbv. 


Stephen  Hutler. 
Nathan  Rose. 
Thomas  Pearce. 
Edmund  Wymrn. 
William  Bain. 
Jonathan  Strickland. 
John  Patten. 
Nathan  Patten. 
James  Rose. 
Joseph  Redding. 


BEAVER    RIVER,    RICHMOND,    AND    COUNTY    LINE. 


Jabez  Landers. 
Thomas  Goudey. 
Stephen  Goudey. 
Joseph  Sollows. 
David  Jeffery. 
Asa  Pitman. 
Thomas  Byrnes. 
Nathaniel  .Saunders. 
Joseph  Trask. 


Samuel  Crosby. 

Ste]>hen  Saunders. 
James  Phillips. 
Josiah  Porter. 
Wni.  S.  Patten. 
Ira  Porter. 
Cyrus  Perry,  jun. 
George  Blackadar. 
Jacob  Trask. 


James  Kelley. 
Cyrus  Perry,  sen. 
John  Phillips. 
Harvey  Cann. 
Daniel  Corning. 
Jacob  Tedford,  jun. 
Wm.  H.  Tedford. 
James  Killam,  sen. 
Joseph  Crosby. 


William  Whitehouse,sen. 
John  K.  Crosby,  jun. 
Robert  Durkee  3d. 
William  Doane. 


OLD    KEMPT    ROAD. 

Coleman  Cann. 
Andrew  Cann. 
Zenas  Eldridge. 
William  Whitehouse,  jun. 


Josiah  Cann. 
David  Saunders. 
Alexander  Crosby. 
Hugh  Cann,  jun. 


DEERFIELD    AND    PLEASANT    VALLEY. 


Levi  Eldridge. 
Edward  Crowell. 
Samuel  EUenwood. 
James  B.  Gallic. 
Richard  Saunders. 
Henry  Saunders. 
James  Porter. 
Asa  Porter. 
Jeremiah  Vickery. 
Samuel  Crosby, 
lames  M.  Porter. 


Joseph  H.  Porter. 
Ebenezer  C.  Porter. 
Charles  Dewolfe. 
Freeborn  Durke?. 
Andrew  Durkee. 
Samuel  Killam. 
Benjamin  P.  Crosby. 
Richard  Crosby. 
Enoch  Crosby. 
Samuel  Vickery. 
Hezediah  Porter. 


Jeremiah  Porter. 
Richard  Durkee. 
George  Nickerson. 
Thomas  Goudey. 
George  Hawley. 
Job  Hamilton. 
Rufus  Symonds. 
Joseph  Corning. 
Charles  Tedford. 
Miner  Durkee. 
Jacob  Durkee. 


Benjamin  Clements. 
Joseph  Durkee. 
James  M.  Killam. 
Abiel  Robbins. 
Nathan  Hilton,  sen. 


CARLETON. 

Smith  Hilton. 
Leonard  Dennis. 
David  Robbins. 
John  Allen. 
John  Churchill. 


Charles  Tinkham. 
David  Hibbard. 
David  Allen. 
Thomas  Pitman. 
Oliver  Pitman. 


194 


TUSKET  r./lER. 


Asa  Pitman. 
Daniel  liethune,  sen. 
Daniel  Bethune,  jun. 
John  IJethune. 
Henry  Bethune. 
James  Hicks. 
Thomas  Eldridge. 
Asahel  Corning. 
Nelson  Brittain. 
Joseph  Brittain. 


Peter  Robicheau. 
Lyman  Allen. 
Charles  Wilson. 
George  Raynard. 
Daniel  H^aniilton. 
Daniel  Raymond. 
Joseph  Raymond,  sen. 
John  Raymond. 
Nathaniel  Perry. 
Joseph  Raymond,  jun. 


Seth  Tinkham,  jun. 
Edmund  Crawley. 
Isaac  .Miller. 
Joseph  Miller. 
John  Miller 
Daniel  Kelley. 
John  Perry. 
David  Richardson. 
.Samuel  Richardson. 
Henry  King. 


KEMPTVILLE,  West  Side  of  River. 


Henry  G.  Raynard. 
Ephraim  Tinkham. 
Matthew  Roberts. 
Ephraim  Roberts. 
Jacob  Roberts. 
Jonathan  Goodwin. 
David  Hurlburt. 
Reuben  MacKinnon. 
David  Randall. 


William  I'rosser. 
Peter  R.  Crowell. 
John  Roberts. 
Handley  Roberts. 
William  E.  McGrey. 
William  Hurlburt. 
Samuel  Gullison. 
Nathaniel  Churchill,  sen. 
Nathaniel  Churchill,  jun. 


Calvin  Valpey. 
Robert  Prosser. 
James  Prosser. 
Ezekiel  Ring. 
Joel  Gray. 
Asa  McGrey. 
Silas  Rankin. 
James  Y.  Gray. 


KEMPTVILLE,  East  Side  of  River. 


James  Hurlburt. 
Edward  Tinkham. 
Seth  Tinkham,  sen. 
Abner  Andrews. 
Nathaniel  Travis,  sen. 
Josiah  Harding. 
Gamaliel  Harding. 
John  Harding. 
Jonathan  Crowell. 


Samuel  Hamilton. 
Harvey  Hamilton. 
Samuel  Gray. 
George  Gray. 
Nelson  Giay. 
Ebenezer  Gray. 
Colin  Gray. 
.Solomon  Mangham. 
William  Mangham. 


Josiah  Forbes. 
John  Forbes. 
John  Woods. 
Reuben  Killam. 
Mark  Killam,  jun. 
William  Morton. 
John  Morton. 
Wentworth  Morton. 
William  Bowers. 


HOOP-POLE    HILL,   CANAAN,    ETC. 


David  White. 
John  Hurlburt,  sen. 
Isaac  Hurlburt. 
George  Hurlburt. 
John  H.  Hurlburt. 


John  Harding. 
Hezekiah  White. 
George  F.  Gavel. 
Robert  Andrews,  sen. 
Robert  Andrews,  jun. 


John  Andrews. 
Joseph  Allen. 
John  Hurlburt,  jun. 
Abraham  Kavanagh. 


EAST   SIDE   MAIN   BRANCH,   TUSKET   RIVER. 


William  White. 
William  Kavanagh. 
Jacol-  Tinkham. 
\f"z:i  Hurlburt,  sen. 
Israe'  ii:   iburt,  jun. 
George  Hurlburt. 
Absalom  Hurlburt. 
Joshua  Trefry. 
Isaac  Miller. 


ARGVLE   TOWNSHIP. 

Simon  Kavanagh. 
James  King. 
John  Williams. 
Luke  Keogh. 
Joseph  Hurlburt. 
Gideon  Hurlburt. 
John  Gavel,  sen. 
Abram  S.  Lent. 
Andrew  Gavel. 


William  Gavel. 
Jacob  H.  Gavel. 
John  Gavel,  jun. 
John  U.  Gavel. 
William  Woods. 
Forster  Crosby. 
James  R.  Blauvelt. 
Job  Blauvelt.       ;  • 
Cornelius  Hatfield. 


/ 

( 


BROOKL  YN. 


195 


WEST   SIDE   MAIN    BRANCH,   TUSKET   RIVER. 


James  Hatfield. 
.\bram  L.  Hatfield. 
David  Hamilton. 
Titus  Hurlburt,  jun. 
Job  Hurlburt. 
Albert  Hurlburt. 
George  Saunders. 
William  N.  Halstead. 
John  Halstead. 
William  Andrews,  jun. 
Job  Raynard,  sen. 
Job  Raynard,  jun. 
C.  V.  N.  Blauvelt. 
John  W   Raynard. 
Jacob  Raynard. 


YARMOUTH   TOWNSHIP. 

Peter  Marlin. 
Wells  Hamilton. 
Henry  Hamilton. 
John  Hamilton. 
Charles  Andrews. 
Anthony  Hatfield. 
Daniel  Hamilton. 
Joel  Andrews. 
James  King. 
William  W.  Andrews. 
Samuel  Andrews,  sen. 
John  Andrews. 
David  .Andrews. 
Thomas  .Andrews. 
Nehemiah  Andrews. 


Titus  Hurlburt,  sen. 
Abram  Hurlburt. 
J.  Norris  Raynard. 
John  Woods. 
James  C.  Hatfield. 
Nathaniel  Hatfield. 
Jacob  Hatfield. 
Hugh  N.  Hatfield. 

Edward  Whito. 

Robert  Hewitt. 

Edward  Raynard. 

David  Hatfield. 

John  A.  Hatfield. 


SALMON    RIVER,    PLYMOUTH,   AND   LITTLE   RIVER. 


James  L.  Hatfield. 
John  Hallam. 
Henry  Wyman. 
Mark  Wyman. 
Wellington  Wyman. 
Rufus  Kinney. 
Cornelius  Mood. 
Eustace  Nickerson. 
James  Sweeney. 
Henry  Montague. 
Peter  Earl. 
Abram  Earl,  sen. 
Rufus  X.  Robbins. 
Henry  Archer. 
William  BuUerwell,  sen. 
John  BuUerwell. 
William  BuUerwell,  jun. 
Robert  BuUerwell. 


Joseph  BuUerwell. 
Thomas  BuUerwell. 
Andrew  Jeffery. 
John  Purdy. 
Robert  Purdy. 
Joseph  Purdy. 
James  Purdy. 
Robert  Sims. 
George  Sims. 
William  Hatfield,  sen. 
Seth  Johnson,  sen. 
Jotham  Johnson. 
Josiah  Johnson. 
Stephen  Johnson. 
Joseph  Johnson. 
Jesse  Gray. 
William  E.  Baker. 
Eleazer  Crocker. 


Daniel  Crocker. 
Thomas  K.  Smith. 
Richard  Van  Horn. 
John  Larkin. 
Amos  Larkin. 
William  Larkin. 
Edward  Perry. 
Edward  S.  Perry. 
Nathan  Kinney. 
Alexander  Bail  3d. 
George  Allen. 
Gilbert  Pinkney. 
Elijah  Pinkney. 
Nathan  Weston. 
Benjamin  Trefry. 
William  A.  Trefry. 


BAIN  ROAD  AND  BROOKLYN. 


Alexander  Bain,  sen. 
Benjamin  Goudey. 
Thorndyke  Landers. 
."Vmos  Baker. 
Timothy  Wetmore. 
-Amos  B.  Brown. 
Zachariah  Corning. 
Joseph  Bain. 
David  Flint  2d. 


Samuel  Flint,  sen. 
Henry  Pitman. 
Samuel  Flint,  jun. 
Tames  Murphy. 
Stephen  Durkee. 
Samuel  Graham. 
Joseph  Pitman,  sen. 
Joseph  Pitman,  jun. 
Joseph  Pitman  3d. 


William  Pitman,  sen. 
Benjamin  Holden. 
Moses  Morrill. 
Abner  Walker. 
Francis  Ryerson. 
Oliver  Pitman,  sen. 
John  Pitman,  sen. 
Moses  Vickery. 
William  Vickerv. 


io6 


CAPE  FOURCHU   TO   DARLING'S   LAKE. 


Joseph  Studley. 
Cieorge  Thompson. 
Christopher  Kosi. 
Wellington  Killani. 
Forster  Perry, 
lienjamin  Pitman  3d. 


Amos  H.  Pitman. 
William  H.  Pitman. 
John  Thurston,  sen. 
John  Thursti<n,  jun. 
David  Hibbard. 
George  Leizer. 


James  Moore. 
Samuel  Hurrill. 
<  leorge  Pitman. 
William  P.  Churchill. 


CAPE    FOURCHU    TO   DARLINGS    LAKE,   COAST   LINE. 


Ezekiel  Haker. 
Richard  Power. 
Thomas  IJeveridge. 
Edward  Sweeney,  sen. 
Edward  Sweeney,  jun. 
Hugh  Sweeney. 
John  .Sweeney. 
Samuel  Stanwood. 
David  Stanwood. 
Henjaniin  Stanwood. 
Daniel  Doane. 
Ephraim  Wyman. 
James  Jeffery. 
Abrani  Wyman. 
George  Cann. 
Stephen  Rose,  jun. 
John  Sollows. 
Richard  F"letcher. 
George  S.  Fletcher. 
Henry  Wyman. 
Samuel  Cann. 
Richard  Rose. 
Stephen  Rose,  sen. 
David  Rose,  sen. 
Kelley  Rose. 
David  Rose,  jun. 
John  Rfise. 
Ebenezer  Rose. 
William  Bain,  sen. 


(leo.  Dudley  Porter. 
Rufus  Porter. 
Richard  Harris. 
ICdward  Harris. 
Benjamin  Tooker. 
Zebulon  Servant. 
William  Harris. 
Charles  Bell. 
Jacob  Tedford. 
Joseph  Raymond. 
Alexander  H.  Lovitt. 
Samuel  Harris. 
Nathan  Scovil. 
Ebenezer  Harris. 
John  Weston. 
Zachariah  Foote,  sen. 
Zachariah  Foote,  jun. 
Zachariah  Foote  3d. 
Robert  Foote. 
John  Foote. 
Richard  F'oote. 
Isaac  Foote. 
Levi  Scovil,  sen. 
Levi  Scovil,  jun. 
James  Scovil,  jun. 
James  Sullivan. 
Ezra  Harris. 
Jonathan  Harris,  sen. 
Jonathan  Harris,  jun. 


James  Ritchie. 
William  Ritchie. 
David  Robinson. 
Reuben  Harris. 
Nathan  Harris. 
Samuel  Rodney,  sen. 
Samuel  Rodney,  jun. 
Milford  Tedford. 
Moses  Shaw. 
James  Shaw. 
Samuel  Vickery. 
James  Robbins. 
Joseph  Bent. 
James  Bent. 
William  Bent. 
Alexander  Bent. 
James  Trask. 
Alexander  MacRae. 
Aaron  Baker. 
Thomas  Beveridge. 
Robert  Beveridge. 
John  Nickerson. 
Thomas  Churchill. 
Nathan  Churchill. 
Richard  Churchill. 
David  Churchill. 
Vincent  Harris. 


DANE'S   CORNER  TO   CHEGOGGIN    RIVER. 


John  Raymond,  sen. 
Thomas  Dane,  sen. 
Richard  Williams. 
Paul  Trask. 
Andrew  Teaplod. 
Elias  Trask.  sen. 
F'eter  Stafford. 
James  Hobkirk. 
Eliakim  Killam  3d. 
John  Williams. 
Lyman  Cann. 
Alexander  Bain  2d. 


Alexander  Bain  3d. 
Ansel  Goudey. 
James  B.  Bain. 
Joseph  Shaw,  sen. 
Zebina  Shaw,  sen. 
Zachariah  Chipman. 
John  Churchill. 
Abner  W.  Huntington. 
Maurice  Dalton. 
Abraham  Killam. 
Stephen  Churchill. 
William  MacKinnon. 


Randall  MacKinnon. 
Calvin  Cann. 
Mark  Killam. 
Samuel  Corning. 
Nelson  Corning. 
Jonathan  MacKinnie. 
Thomas  Brown,  sen. 
Thomas  Brown,  jun. 
Joseph  Sullivan. 
Moses  Sollows. 
Aaron  Sollows. 


IXFLUENCE   OF  EARLY  SETTLERS.  197 

This  enumeration  of  the  names  of  the  older  farmers  of  the  township, 
though  eml)racing  many  of  tlie  Knglish  settlers  upon  the  Tusket  River 
and  its  branches  lying  partly  in  Argyle,  shows  how  widely  diffused 
throughout  the  rural  districts  has  been  the  inHuence  of  the  families  who 
first  settled  upon  the  shores  of  Chebogue  River  and  Yarmouth  Harbor. 
It  was  intended  to  include  only  the  names  of  the  men  of  the  second 
and  third  generations ;  but,  as  the  enumeration  i)roceeded,  some  names 
of  the  first,  and  others  of  the  fourth,  generation  could  not  well  be 
omitted  in  continuing  the  line  of  succession  to  some  of  the  properties, 
and  in  exhibiting  the  influence  of  the  "  fathers  upon  the  children  unto 
the  third  and  fourth  generation,"  in  leading  them  to  follow  that  line 
of  life  which  is  best  calculated  to  insure  good  health,  good  morals,  a 
comfortable  independence,  and  a  serene  old  age. 

The  influence  of  the  early  settlers  upon  the  different  districts  extends 
even  farther ;  for,  in  a  large  majority  of  the  instances  where  the  names 
of  permanent  residents  appear  differing  from  those  who  participated  in 
the  grant  of  the  township  in  1767,  they  will  be  found  to  be  those  of 
men  from  "  foreign  parts,"  who,  visiting  Yarmouth  from  time  to  time, 
were  unable  to  resist  the  inducements  to  an  alliance  with  the  daughters 
of  the  "  first  families."  For  instance,  Christopher  Strickland  married 
a  daughter  of  Sealed  Landers,  grantee ;  Samuel  S.  Poole  and  James 
Cain  married  daughters  of  Beth  Barnes,  grantee  ;  Thomas  Byrnes  and 
Miner  Huntington  married  daughters  of  John  Walker,  grantee ;  Thoma's 
Dane,  James  Jenkins,  Zebina  Shaw,  Joseph  Shaw,  and  Zachariah 
Chipman  married  daughters  of  James  Brown,  grantee;  Nehemiah  Patch, 
John  Richan,  Waitstill  Lewis,  and  Benjamin  Barnard  married  daughters 
of  Eleazer  Butler,  grantee  ;  and  John  T.  Phillips,  William  Clements, 
John  MacCormack,  John  Trask  2d,  and  Deacon  John  Crosby,  as  well 
as  Henry  Hilton,  Stephen  Rose,  and  David  Rose,  married  daughters  of 
Judge  James  Kelley,  grantee. 


CHAPTER    XIV. 

Maritime  Interests  of  the  County.  —  Early  Settlers  Skilled  Navigators.  —  Interchange  of 
Commerce  with  other  Ports.  —  Gradual  Growth  and  Extension  of  Trade.  —  Increase 
in  Number  and  Capacity  of  the  Vessels.  —  West-India  Trade.  —  Other  Foreign  Trade.  — 
Circumstances  causing  Increase  of  Tonnage  of  the  Port.  —  Pompey  and  County  of 
Yarmouth.  —  View  ot  Shipping  previous  to  1800. — From  1800  to  1810. — Ship-owners 
of  these  Periods.  —  Sa>.-.uel  Marshall.  —  Description  of  Marshall's  Wharf  in  1S15.-- 
Anthony  Landers.  —  Influence  of  Arrival  ot  Jacob  Tooker,  Bartlett  Gardner,  James, 
John,  and  William  Jenkins.  —  List  of  Master  Ship-builders  of  the  County.  —  Boat- 
builders  and  Spar-makers.  —  Names  of  Leading  Ship-owners  from  1761  to  i?'S6. — 
Number,  Description,  and  .Aggregate  Tonnage  of  Vessels  owned  wholly  or  in  part  by 
Each  of  them.  —  Special  Reference  to  English  and  French  Ship-owners  of  .\rgyle.  — 
Shipping  of  Varmoutli  at  Different  Periods,  with  Average  Tonnage  of  Vessels.  —  Com- 
pared with  the  Shipping  of  Canada.  —  The  Great  Michael  of  James  IV.,  which  "wasted 
the  Woods  of  Fife."  —  Yarmouth's  First  Clyde-built  Iron  Ship.  —  The  Great  Refublic 
of  Donald  MacKay.  —  Her  Last  Voyage  across  the  Atlantic.  —  Other  Ships  of  Donald 
MacKay.  —  Their  Record  never  surpassed.  —  Ships  of  New  '  .ngland  about  the  Begin- 
ning of  the  Century.  —  Shipping  of  Yarmouth  County  Jan.  i,  1S86,  with  Names  of 
Owners.  —  Names  of  Ship-masters  of  some  of  the  Old  Yarmouth-County  Families  ; 
Kelleys,  Hiltons,  Haleys,  Robbinses,  Perrys,  Cooks,  Canns,  Hatfields. 

THE  rise  and  progress  (and  temporary  decline)  of  the  maritime 
interests  of  the  county  next  claim  attention. 

In  order  that  the  early  settlers  might  permanently  establish  them- 
selves at  Chebogue  and  Yarmouth,  it  was  essential  that  they  should  have 
constant  and  reliable  means  of  communication  with  Halifax  and  ports 
of  New  England.  Thence  were  to  be  drawn  such  commodities  as 
would  for  some  years  be  necessary  for  the  maintenance  of  the  infant 
colony,  to  be  received  in  exchange  for  furs  and  fishery  products  which 
were  then  their  only  exports.  '  y         i^ 

Halifax,  first  settled  in  1749,  had,  in  1752,  with  its  suburbs,  attained 
a  population  of  4,250,  which  in  ten  years  had  increased  to  about  6,000, 
and  already  offered  a  market  which  could  only  be  f  pplied  by  sea. 
Shelburne,  which  claims  to  have  one  of  the  best  harbors  in  America, 
received,  in  1783,  at  the  close  of  the  American  war,  a  large  immigration 


MARITIME  AFFAIRS.  199 

principally  from  New  York  and  New  Jersey,  but  supplemented  by  dis- 
banded officers  and  others  from  the  British  army  and  navy  ;  and  it  had, 
in  1787,  a  population  estimated  at  13,000.  Here,  too,  was  opened  up 
to  Yarmouth  farmers  and  fishermen  an  avenue  for  trade ;  and  as  along 
the  whole  coast  between  Yarmouth  and  Halifax  there  were  numerous 
harbors,  easy  of  access,  it  was  quite  practicable  for  vessels  of  twenty  to 
thirty  tons  to  make  the  voyage  safely  during  eight  months  of  the  year. 

Every  Yarmouth  family,  therefore,  required  a  shallop  or  sailing-craft 
of  some  kind  ;  for  as  there  were  no  roads,  and  none  possible  for  many 
years,  the  only  means  of  communication  was  by  water,  not  only  with 
the  outer  world,  but  with  each  other.  The  fifty  families  who  had 
arrived  from  1761  to  1764  inclusive,  were  scattered  along  both  sides  of 
the  Chebogue  River,  from  the  head  to  Chebogue  Point ;  along  both 
sides  of  Yarmouth  Harbor,  from  Bunker's  Island  to  Sealed  Landers's  mill, 
and  near  Kelley's  Cove.  Some  had  pitched  their  tents  at  Little  River  ; 
and  others,  not  long  afterward,  made  the  first  clearings  and  erected  their 
humble  habitations  upon  the  shores  of  the  "  Salt  Pond  "  and  Chegoggin 
River.  To  be  able  to  handle  a  sailing-craft  became,  therefore,  a  neces- 
sity of  their  existence ;  and  the  skill  they  then  acquired  as  navigators 
has  been  handed  down  from  generation  to  generation. 

A  few  years  later,  surplus  farm  products  were  added  to  the  list  of 
exports ;  and  next,  the  saw-mills  erected  at  Durkee's  Island,  Milton, 
Hebron,  and  Ohio,  furnished  building  materials,  which,  with  dried  and 
pickled  fish,  made  up  assorted  cargoes  for  Newfoundland,  Bermuda, 
and  the  West  Indies,  meeting  remunerative  markets,  and  laying  the 
foundation  of  the  foreign  trade  of  the  port. 

Corresponding  with  the  increase  of  commodities  for  exportation, 
for  which  there  was  a  never-failing  demand  abroad,  was  the  increase  in 
the  capacity  of  their  vessels  to  forty  and  fifty  tons,  whi'  h,  previous  to 
1800,  was  found  large  enough  for  a  profitable  adventure  to  Bermuda  or  the 
West  Indies.  The  number  and  capacity  of  their  vessels  gradually  out- 
growing the  supplies  for  exportation,  cargoes  of  lumber  were  procured 
at  New- Brunswick  ports  for  the  Newfoundland  and  West-India  markets, 
sometimes  purchased,  and  at  other  times  carried  under  charter-party. 
This,  with  the  coasting-trade  with  other  ports  of  Nova  Scotia,  and  a 
constantly  increasing  traffic  with  the  United  Slates,  constituted  the  main 


200  RATES  OF  FREIGHT. 

features  of  the  employment  for  Yarmouth  vessels  until  about  the  year 
1840.  It  is  true,  that,  previous  to  that  date,  a  few  vessels  of  a  larger 
class  had  been  built,  and  experimental  voyages  had  been  made  across 
the  Atlantic  with  timber  and  deals  ;  but  the  outcome  had  been,  on  the 
whole,  discouraging. 

But  from  1840  to  1880  the  increase  in  the  tonnage  of  the  county 
was,  with  scarcely  an  interruption,  rapid  and  continuous;  and  Yarmouth 
shipping  occupied  a  prominent  place  in  the  carrying-trade  of  the  world, 
various  circumstances  contributing  from  time  to  time  to  warrant  the 
increasing  number  and  capacity  of  the  vessels. 

These,  in  brief,  stated  somewhat  in  the  order  of  their  occurrence, 
have  been  the  directions  in  which  the  larger  classes  of  Yarmouth  vessels 
have  been  engaged,  outside  of  the  coasting-trade  with  home  ports,  with 
ports  of  New  Brunswick  and  Newfoundland,  and  the  trade  with  New 
England  :  —  • 

Carrying  building  materials,  fish,  and  farm  produce  from  Yarmoui.i 
to  the  West  Indies,  returning  direct  with  molasses,  sugar,  and  rum,  or 
salt,  on  ship's  account,  or  with  the  same  on  freight  to  the  United  States. 
Spruce  lumber  costing  $10  per  thousand  would  bring  from  $25  to  $35  in 
the  West  Indies,  and  $10  to  Si  2  per  thousand  was  a  common  rate  under 
charter. 

Timber  and  deals  from  New  Brunswick  or  Canadian  j-orts  to  Great 
Britain  or  Ireland,  returning  with  coal  or  iron  to  the  United  States. 
Freights,  30/-  to  40/-  per  ton  for  timber  ;  1 10/-  to  130/-  per  standard 
for  deals  ;  coal  and  iron  freights  to  the  United  States  ranging  from  20^'- 
to  40/-  per  ton. 

Coal  to  Mediterranean  or  Black-Sea  ports  during  the  Crimean 
war.    ;-.'--'--■  -^    ;'-'":>-     -.  -/---,;':, 

Coal  from  Great  Britain  to  \Vest  Indies,  Cuba,  or  ports  on  north- 
eastern coast  of  South  America,  returning  with  sugar,  molasses,  or  rum 
to  Europe ;  freight  outward,  20/-  to  30/-  for  coal ;  60/-  to  80/-  per 
ton  for  sugar,  and  equivalent  rates  for  other  goods. 

Grain  from  United  States  to  Europe,  freights  varying  from  g(/.  to  i  /6 
per  bushel. 

Coal-oil  from  United  States  to  Europe,  freights  varying  from  5/6  to 
7/6  per  barrel,  and  naval  stores  at  proportionate  rates. 


MARITIME  PROGRESS.  201 

Pitch-pine  timber  fiom  southern  United-States  ports  to  Europe  at 
from  35/-  to  45/-  per  ton. 

Lumber  from  St.  Lawrenct;  ports  to  south-eastern  coast  of  South 
America  at  from  $15  to  $22  per  thousand. 

Sugar  S6  to  S9  per  cask.     Cuba  to  northern  United-States  ports. 

Coal  from  Great  Britain  to  south-eastern  and  south-western  coast  of 
South  America,  returning  with  guano  at  from  60/-  to  80/-  per  ton  ;  or 
with  grain  from  San  Francisco  (of  late  years),  from  60/-  to  85/-  per  ton. 

Cotton,  at  times  during  the  whole  period  since  1840,  at  rates  of 
freight  ranging  from  one  penny  per  pound,  downward. 

Coal-oil  to  China  and  the  East,  at  varying  rates,  but  less  remuner- 
ative than  the  average  of  the  foregoing. 

From  1855  to  1875  was  the  period  of  greatest  prosperity  to  Yarmouth 
shipping;  for  then  vessels  of  all  classes  from  250  tons  to  1,500  tons 
could,  in  one  direction  or  another,  find  profitable  employment.  But  the 
speculative  and  generally  paying  rates  of  freight  attainable  in  former 
years  have  disappeared  before  the  system  of  electric  telegraphs  and 
ocean-cables.  The  "war  tariff"  of  the  United  States  continued  twenty 
years  after  the  termination  of  the  war  in  consequence  of  the  wasteful 
expenditure  that  tariff  engendered,  forbids  the  importation  of  coal,  pig- 
iron,  or  railroad  iron  fron.  Europe.  The  bounty-fed  production  of  beet- 
sugar  in  Continental  Europe  is  gradually  impoverishing  the  planters  in 
the  West  Indies,  Cuba,  and  South  America,  and  has  so  destroyed  their 
markets  for  Nova-Scotia  fish  and  other  natural  products.  Iron  steam- 
ships, via  the  Suez  Canal,  monopolize  the  carrying-trade  between  Europe 
and  the  East  Indies,  in  which  Yarmouth  ships  formerly  engaged.  The 
cessation  of  the  war  period  in  Europe,  the  late  favorable  seasons,  and  the 
consequent  larger  returns  from  the  European  harvests,  have  obliterated 
the  high  grain-freights  once  prevailing  at  the  Atlantic  ports  of  the  United 
States,  and  more  recently  at  San  Francisco.  .And  above  all,  the  multi- 
plication of  "ocean  tramps,"  as  the  Yankees  call  the  iron  freighting- 
steamers,  has  created  a  competition  for  the  general  carrying-trade  of  the 
world,  before  which  sailing-vessels  of  all  nations,  and  the  magnificent 
fleet  of  Yarmouth  ships  among  the  rest,  must  eventually  succumb.  Still, 
the  achievements  of  the  past  deserve  a  permanent  enrolment ;  and  a 
retrospective  view  of  the  links  intervening  between  the  little  Pompey,  of 


20a  THE  PILGRIM  FATHERS. 

1 761,  of  25  tons  burden,  and  the  County  of  Yarmouth,  of  1886,  regis- 
tering 2,154  tons,  may  sometimes  serve  to  occupy  a  leisure  hour. 

The  descendants  of  the  "  Pilgrim  Fathers  "  and  Puritans  of  New- 
England  annually  gather  around  the  festive  board  in  commemoration 
of  "  Forefathers'  Day,"  when  the  little  May/tower  arrived  at  Plymouth  ; 
and  they  celebrate  it,  too,  in  a  more  rational  manner  than  do  the  late 
Yarmouthians  celebrate  the  9th  of  June.  It  would  seem  more  fitting 
were  the  names  transposed  ,  for,  in  view  of  the  blustering  aggressiveness 
of  Cape  Cod  and  Gloucester  fishermen  during  the  last  one  hundred 
years,  Pompey  would  have  been  a  more  appropriate  name  for  the  craft 
which  carried  the  "  Pilgrims  "  to  Plymouth,  while  a  Mayflower  would 
have  better  harmonized  with  the  subsequent  history  of  the  peaceful 
colony  which  Sealed  Landers  and  his  companions  founded  at  Chebogue 
and  Yarmouth.  • 

Apropos  to  the  above  designation  of  a  certain  phase  of  Yankee 
character,  this  story  may  be  repeated  :  — 

"Washington,  D.C.,  Dec.  29,  1885.  The  authorities  of  a  New- 
England  town  recently  applied,  through  their  Congressman,  to  the  War 
Department  for  a  transcript  of  the  military  records  of  the  soldiers  fur- 
nished to  the  army  by  the  town  during  the  rebellion.  To  furnish  these 
was  against  the  ordinary  rules  of  the  department ;  but  as  they  were  for 
"  historical  purposes,"  to  be  used  at  some  approaching  anniversary,  a 
concession  was  made.  The  files  were  examined,  and  disclosed  the  fact 
that  the  names  of  about  60  citizens  of  the  township  had  been  drawn  in 
the  wheel,  and  24  of  these  persons  were,  upon  examination,  accepted. 
Further  search  disclosed  th'j  fact  that  23  of  them  furnished  substitutes, 
and  the  other  fled  to  Canada."  -^ 

It  is  interesting  to  stud;'  the  statistics  of  Yarmouth  shipping  from  its 
earliest  days  contained  in  Mr.  Lawson's  "  Record,"  which  seems  to  have 
exhausted  all  available  sources  of  information.  The  figures  of  the  first 
twenty-five  years  are  necessarily  imperfect.  In  1765  there  appear 
to  have  been  8  vessels  averaging  about  20  tons,  up  to  which  time 
about  50  families  had  arrived  who  remained  permanently ;  though,  no 
doubt,  they  owned  at  that  time  a  good  many  more  smaller  craft,  suitable 
for  the  fishing-grounds,  which  were  closer  at  hand  and  far  better  stocked 
than  they  are  to-day. 


EARLY  SHIP-OJVNERS.     ,  203 

In  1787  and  1788,  when  114  families  had  arrived  (in  addition  to  the 
natural  increase),  35  vessels  are  recorded;  viz., — 

I  schooner 69  tons. 

3        "  40     "     to  50  tons. 

6        "  30     "      "   40      " 

14        "  20     '■      "   30      " 

II         "  under  20  tons. 

From  1788  to  1800  there  were  73  vessels  added  to  the  list,  only  4 
of  which  exceeded  60  tons;  viz., — 

1790.  Brig  Argo 64  tons.  Owned  by  Zephaniah  Kingsley. 

1797.  Schooner  Thomas  and  Dehor  ah  .  63     "  "       "   Joseph  Tooker. 

1797.  ?>\oo^  Industry ^'iZ     "  "       "    Samuel  Marshall. 

1798.  Schoontr  Frosfer'ty 63     "  «       «    Samuel  Marshall. 

During  the  next  ten  years  there  were  added  no  less  than  104  vessels 
(the  number  of  families  in  1808  being  reported  by  Dr.  Parish  at  340, 
and  the  population  2,300),  including  13  over  roo  tons;  viz., — 

iSoi.  yost'ph  and  Lois 103  tons.  Owned  by  Joseph  Tooker. 

1802.  Arabella 103     "              "        "    Benjamin  Barnard. 

1806.  Falkirk 18 1     "              "        "    Samuel  S.  Poole. 

1807.  Penelope 156     "              "        "    Ebenezer  Perry. 

1807.  Trafalgar 105     "              "        "    Ebenezer  Ricker. 

1807.  yacob  and  Benjamin 104     "  "        ''   Joseph  Tooker. 

1808.  Lady  Sherbrooke 290     "  "        "    Shipley  and  Taylor. 

1808.  Bittern 18S     "  "        "   Anthony  Landers. 

1S09.  Claude  Scott 261     "  "        "    Samuel  Marshall. 

1S09.  Dasher,  132  tons,  owned  by  William  Robertson  and  Thorndyke  Corning. 

1009.  Hunter,  118  tons,  owned  by  James  Shipley  and  George  Hunter. 

1809.  Sally,  102  tons,  owned  by  Solomon,  Ebenezer,  Henry,  and  John  Ryder. 

1810.  Queen  Charlotte,  117  tons,  owned  by  Robert  Kelley,  James  Lent,  and  J.  V.  N. 

Hatfield. 

Included  were  also 

3  vessels From  90  tons  to  too  tons, 

2       "  "     80     "      "    90    " 

8  "  "     70    "      "    So    " 

9  "  "     60     "     "    70    " 

S       "  "     50    "     "    60    " 

owned  by  the  following  parties  ;  vir., —        ,'-    v     ,,-     v,        •••'  . 

James  Kelley i     -  .■" 

John  Magray ,   . I 

John  Killam -«■-.. 1 

Daniel  Kinnev i  1 


204  ^  SAMUEL   MARSHALL. 

Samuel  Marshall 3 

John  and  James  Durkee i 

Israel  Horton I 

Harriett  and  Reuben  Gardner i 

Lemuel  and  Maurice  Ilobb-i     .' i 

William  Larkin I 

Solomon  Ryder I 

Waitstill  and  lienjamin  Lewis i 

Edward.  Thomas,  and  Ichaliod  Crosby 2 

John,  Xathan,  and  Thomas  Kinney 2 

Theophilus  Crosby i 

John  and  Joseph  Larkin 1 

Silas  Clements  and  Horace  Kaker i 

Comfort,  Oliver,  and  Jeremiah  Haley i 

Joseph  Ellis,  Elkanah  and  Reuben  Clements 2 

Paul,  Benjamin,  and  Hilaire  D'Entremont 2 

Ebenezer  Ricker,  and  Joseph  and  William  Abbott i 

27 

We  find  Samuel  Marshall  in  iSoi  the  owner  of  two  othernew  vessels 
of  forty-five  and  thirty-five  tons  respectively.  Samuel  Marshall,  then, 
was  the  leading  ship-owner  of  Yarmouth,  up  to  the  year  18 10.  He  was 
also  the  leading  merchant.  He  owned  the  property  and  built  the  house 
on  Argyle  Street,  afterward  occupied  in  succession  by  Rev.  Thomas  A. 
Grantham,  Robert  D.  Butler,  William  Kinney,  George  Stairs  Brown,  Rev. 
George-  Christie,  and  now  by  Charles  R.  Kelley.  He  built,  and  con- 
ducted his  business  at,  "  Marshall's  Wharf,"  which,  with  the  connecting 
premises,  is  thus  described  in  a  letter  written  soon  after  Mr.  Marshall's 
death,  about  1814  :  — 

"  Mr.  Marshall  had  it  built  purposely  for  the  convenience  of  the  fish- 
trade.  It  consists  of  a  wharf  situated  in  a  central  part  of  the  harbor, 
which  renders  the  stand  for  business  very  advantageous,  as  craft  can 
come  directly  alongside,  discharge  and  take  in  what  may  be  wanted 
without  the  trouble  of  trucking.  For  customers  by  land,  no  place  could 
be  more  agreeable ;  it  being  situated  just  below  the  main  road  leading 
through  Yarmouth,  and  about  midway  between  two  cross-roads,  the  first 
leading  to  Tusket  Village,  and  the  second  to  the  Cove  and  Chebogue 
River.  At  the  head  of  the  wharf  lies  the  hulk  of  a  large  timber-ship 
which  breaks  off  the  wind  and  sea  from  vessels  lying  at  the  wharf  in 
stormy  weather ;  and  at  the  upper  end  of  the  wharf  stands,  partly  off  and 
partly  on  the  earth,  a  neat,  comfortable  dwelling-house  with  a  large 
cellar  under  the  whole  of  it,  and  at  the  east  corner  of  the  house  a  large 


LAirSOA'S  RECORD.  205 

fish-store,  with  a  cellar  for  pickled  fish,  and  room  on  the  three  upper 
floors  for  thirty-five  hundred  (juintals  of  fish.  Opposite  stands  a  dr^ 
goods  store,  completely  fitted  for  bus-ness,  with  a  cellar  under  it.  Just 
below  stands  a  small  salt-store,  sufficient  to  hold  salt  enough  for  the 
season,  and  Xo  prevent  the  salt  bein^  put  in  the  same  store  with  the  fish, 
which  would  itampen  them.  The  fish-store  has  a  screw  in  it,  and  every 
thing  is  so  conveniently  arranged  that  business  may  be  profitably 
conducted  there." 

It  will  be  observed  that  Anthony  Landers  makes  his  first  appearance 
in  Mr.  Lawson's  book  in  1808  as  the  owner  of  the  Bittern,  and  next  in 
181 1  as  the  builder  of  the  Pete^  Waldo,  captured  in  181 2  by  a  Yankee 
privateer.  Mr.  Lawson  also  mentions  the  Cgonia,  two  hundred  and 
eighteen  tons,  built  for  Mr.  Landers  in  1823,  and  the  next  year  wrecked 
at  the  Orkney  Islands.  There  is  some  discrepancy  between  Mr. 
Campbell's  and  Mr.  Lawson's  dates  and  figures  referring  to  Mr.  Landers's 
movements  ;  but  nowhere  in  either  book  can  be  found  any  foundation  for 
Mr.  Campbell's  statement  on  p.  134  of  his  History,  that  "the  honor 
of  having,  so  to  speak,  origiiiated  the  foreign  trade  of  the  port,  belongs  to 
a  man  whose  name  does  not  appear  in  our  lists,  — Anthony  Landers,  a 
native  of  Sunderland,  England." 

From  1810  to  1879  there  was  an  almost  constant  increase  in  the 
annual  tonnage  of  the  county.  Since  1879  there  has  been  a  rapid 
decrease  ;  though  the  average  tonnage  of  the  vessels  increased  until  1882, 
when  that  also  began  to  fall  awav,  —  a  condition  of  affairs  which  seems 
likely  to  continue  for  some  time  at  least  in  the  future. 

Further  details  can  be  better  supplied  by  Mr.  Lawson's  interesting 
volumes ;  and,  indeed,  the  whole  subject  has  been  here  so  far  dealt  with 
merely  to  make  it  clear  that  the.  families  of  the  early  settlers  of  Yarmouth 
and  Argyle  and  their  descendants,  by  direct  or  collateral  lines,  are 
entitled  to  the  honor  of  building  up  the  maritime  interests  of  the 
county,  as  well  as  of  opening  up  and  constructing  the  roads,  building 
the  lauls,  clearing  away  the  forests,  and  cultivating  the  lands. 

The  following  list  and  summary  will  exhibit  this  fact  in  a  still 
clearer  light,  first  in  order  being  the  family-names  of  all  resident 
Yarmouth-County  ship-owners  since  1761  ;  and  when  the  name  cor- 
responds with  that  of  an  early  settler,  it  may  be  understood  that  his 


206 


SHIP-OI'VNERS. 


family  has  had  a  share   in   developing   the   shipping   interests   of  the 
county : — 


Abbinett. 

Clark. 

Foote. 

Hutchinson. 

Abbott. 

Clements. 

Forbes. 

Jacques. 

Alexander. 

Clune. 

Fouli» 

Jeffery. 

Allen. 

Coffin. 

Eraser. 

Jenkins. 

Amirault. 

Coggins. 

Frost. 

Johnson. 

Anderson. 

Cook. 

Gardner. 

Jolly. 

Habin. 

Corning. 

Gaudet. 

Kelley. 

Bain. 

Corporon. 

Gayton. 

Kenealy. 

Haker. 

Cothereau. 

Geddes. 

Kerr. 

Barnard. 

Crawley. 

Germain. 

Killam. 

Barnes. 

Crocker. 

Goldfinch. 

Kingsley. 

Barrows. 

Crosby. 

Goodwin. 

Kinney. 

Bates. 

Crowell. 

Goudey. 

Ladd. 

Baxter. 

Currier. 

Gowen. 

Landers. 

Beal. 

Daley. 

Grantham. 

Larkin. 

Belliveau. 

Dallinger. 

Gray. 

Law. 

Bent. 

Dane. 

Gridfey. 

Leavitt. 

Betts. 

Darby. 

GuUison. 

Le  Blanc. 

Benlar. 

Davis. 

Guest. 

Lennox. 

Beveridge. 

Davison. 

Haines. 

Ivcnt 

Bingay. 

Dean. 

Haley. 

Lewis. 

Black. 

D'Entremont. 

Haloran. 

Lir.dsay. 

Blanchard. 

DeVilliers. 

Halstead. 

Lonergan. 

Blauvelt. 

Dewolfe. 

Hammond. 

Long. 

Blethen. 

Doane. 

Harding. 

Lovitt. 

Bond. 

Dodds. 

Hardy. 

Lyons. 

Boucher. 

Doty. 

Harris. 

Mac  Al  pin. 

Boudreau. 

Doucette. 

Haskell. 

MacCarthy. 

Bourque. 

Dowley. 

Hatfield. 

MacConnell. 

Boyd. 

Dudman. 

Hawley. 

MacCormack. 

Boyle. 

Dunseith. 

Hebert. 

MacDonald. 

Braine. 

Dunham. 

Heckman. 

MacDonnell. 

Brooks. 

Duon. 

Hemeon. 

MacGill. 

Brown. 

Durkee. 

Hersey. 

MacHenry. 

Bryar. 

Eakins. 

Hibbard. 

MacKinnon. 

Burchell. 

Earl. 

Hilton. 

MacLaren. 

Burgess. 

Eaton.     ;,  ■ 

Hines.               ' 

MacLaughlin, 

Burrill. 

Eldridge. 

Hobbs. 

MacLean. 

Butler. 

Ellemvood. 

Holmes. 

MacManus. 

Bydder. 

Ellis. 

Homer. 

MacMuUen. 

Byrnes. 

Elwell. 

Hood. 

MacNiel. 

Burns. 

Fait. 

Horton. 

Magray. 

Cain. 

Parish. 

Huestis. 

Manning. 

Campbell. 

Ferguson. 

Hughes. 

Marshall. 

Cann. 

Fleet. 

Hunter. 

Messenger. 

Carty. 

Fletcher. 

Huntington. 

Meuse. 

Churchill. 

Flint. 

Huston. 

Michie. 

SHir-nUILDERS. 


207 


Mildon. 

Perrv. 

Saunders. 

Townsend. 

Millar. 

Phillips. 

Scott. 

. rask. 

Moody. 

Pinkney. 

Scovil. 

Trefry. 

Morehouse. 

Pitcher. 

Servant. 

Tremain. 

Morgan. 

Pitman. 

Shaw. 

Tupper. 

Morrill. 

Poole. 

Shehan. 

Utley. 

Morrisey. 

Porter. 

Shipley. 

Valpey. 

Moses. 

Pothier. 

Shurtliff. 

Van  Emburg, 

Moul.iison. 

Potter. 

Simonson. 

Van  Horn. 

Moulton. 

Powell. 

Sims. 

Van  Norden. 

Murphy. 

Purdy. 

Slocomb. 

Vickery. 

Murray. 

Rankin. 

Sollows. 

Viets.  ' 

Myers. 

Raymond. 

Smith. 

Vivian. 

Neal. 

Redding. 

Spinney. 

Walker. 

Newell. 

Kichan. 

Sproule. 

Watson. 

Nickerson. 

Richard. 

Stanwood. 

Webster. 

Noble. 

Richards 

Steele. 

Weddleton. 

O'Brien. 

Richarc'son. 

Sterritt. 

Weston. 

O'Connor. 

Ricke;. 

.Stoneinan. 

Wetmore. 

Oliver. 

Ring. 

Stowe. 

Wheeland. 

Ormsby. 

Ritchie. 

Strickland. 

Whipple. 

Otis. 

Robbins. 

Sullivan. 

White. 

Palmer. 

Robc-ts. 

Surette. 

Whitehouse. 

Parfitt. 

Robertson. 

Sutciiffe. 

Wilcox. 

Parker. 

Robinson. 

Sutton. 

Willett. 

Parr. 

Rogers. 

Symonds. 

Williams. 

Patci. 

Rose. 

Taylor. 

Williamson. 

Patt  ;n. 

Rowe. 

Tedford. 

Winter. 

Pearl. 

Rust 

Thurston. 

Witter. 

Pearce. 

Ryder. 

Tilley. 

Woodworth. 

Pease. 

Ryerson. 

Tinkham. 

Wyman. 

Pennington. 

Sanderson. 

Tooker. 

Young. 

With  the  advent  of  the  present  century  the  enlarging  foreign  trade 
of  Yarmouth  demanded  a  different  class  of  vessels  than  had  theretofore 
been  found  adequate  to  the  requirements  of  the  coasting-trade ;  and  the 
influence  of  the  arrival  of  Jacob  Tooker  in  1 784,  of  Bartlett  Gardner, 
James,  John,  and  William  Jenkins  in  1797  and  1798,  all  master  builders, 
was  soon  manifest  in  the  increasing  capacity  of  the  new  vessels. 

Bartlett  Gardner  had  eight  sons,  two  of  whom,  Reuben  and  Simeon, 
were  master  mariners ;  four  sons,  Heman,  Andrew,  Daniel,  and  Nelson 
were  master  ship-builders ;  and  two,  Harvey  and  Freeman,  were  boat- 
builders. 

Benjamin  Rogers  and  John  Richards,  John  and  Oliver  Vickery, 
learned  the  art  of   ship-building  from  Bartlett  Gardner  or  one  of    his 


208 


SHIP-BUILDERS. 


sons;  "nd  all  the  names  of  Gardner  A^hich  appear  in  the  foliowii;'^  lists 
are  those  of  the  sons  or  grandsons  of  Bartlett  Gardner.         • 

William  Jenkins,  sen.,  had  four  sons  who  were  master  builders,  — 
Robert,  William  H.,  Griffitii,  and  George  H.  Jenkins ;  and  William 
Jenkins,  son  of  John,  built  ships  here  before  he  left  Yarmouth  for  New 
Jersey  some  thirty  years  ago. 

A  tablet  inserted  in  the  solid  rock  at  the  summit  of  the  Mountain 
Cemetery,  bearing  join'ly  the  names  of  Jacob  looker,  Bartlett  Gardner, 
James,  John,  and  William  Jenkins,  would  appropriately  commemorate 
the  influence  on  succeeding  generations  of  these  five  j;ioneer  ship- 
builders of  the  last  century. 

The  following  list  comprises  the  names  of  the  master  ship-builders, 
boat-builders,  and  spar-makers  of  Yarmouth  and  Argyle  Townships. 


Jacob  Tooker. 
Hartlett  G.irdner. 
James  Jenkins. 
John  Jenkins. 
William  Jenkins,  sen. 
John  MacCorniack. 
Andrew  Gardner. 
Heman  Gardner,  sen. 
Daniel  G.irdner. 
Nelson  Gardner. 
Henjamin  Rogers. 
John  Richards. 
John  Vickery. 
Oliver  Vickery. 
Kufiis  Churchill,  sen. 
Lyman  Cann,  sen. 


SHIP-BUILDERS. 

Robert  Kutler. 
Willoiighby  Powell, 
lienjamin  Raymond. 
Reuben  M.  Ra\mand. 
Dennis  Horton. 
Uenjamin  Richards. 
Simeon  Gardner,  jun. 
Nathaniel  B.  Gardner. 
Ileman  Gardner,  jun. 
William  Jenkins,  jun. 
Robert  Jenkins. 
William  II.  Jenkins. 
Griffith  Jenkins. 
George  II.  Jenkins. 
Eleazer  Raymond. 
James  Nelson  Gardner. 


William  E.  Gardner. 
Ralph  IJutler. 
James  H.  Kinney. 
Whitman  Crawley. 
Jacob  .Mien. 
George  Allen. 
James  .Mien. 
Charles  K.  Horton. 
Donald  Ross,  sen. 
Donald  Ross,  jun. 
George  Ross. 
Henry  K.  Richards. 
Frederick  Weston. 
J.  Whitman  Raymond. 


Dominique  Koudreau. 
Jean  15.  Pothier. 
Sylvain  Pothier. 
Robert  Sims. 
Jeremiah  .Sims. 
Joseph  Jeffery. 


1  larvey  Gardner. 
Freeman  Gardner. 
Heman  Gardner,  jun. 
Prince  Doane. 


SHIP-BUILDERS,   ARGYLE   TOWNSHIP. 

William  .Abbott. 
Maurice  Hobbs. 


Stephen  Jeffery. 
Gabriel  Servant. 


Stephen  Gillis. 
Pierre  Surette. 
Denis  Surette. 
Andrew  Ricker. 

BOAT-BUILDERS. 

Benjamin  Gardner. 
Reuben  Gardner,  jun. 
George  H.  Gardner. 
Charles  Gardner. 


Levi  Nickerson,  sen. 
William  A.  Frost. 
Ambroise  Amirault. 


James  A.  Butler. 
Jonathan  S.  Barrows. 
Albert  Butler. 
Norman  f.  Dane. 


sh/p-oivnilRs.  209 

SPAR-MAKERS. 

John  Turner,  sen.  Ansel  Kinnev.  George  Churchill. 

John  Turner,  jun.  lienjamin  Kinney. 

The  following  summary  exhibits  the  names  of  the  men  who  have 
been  most  prominent  as  Yarmouth-County  ship-owners  at  different 
periods  from  1761  to  1S85  inclusive.  The  dates  are  intended  to  indi- 
cate the  year  of  their  first  anfl  of  their  last  investment,  and  they  will  be 
found  to  be  approximately  correct.  It  purports  to  give  the  number, 
class,  and  aggregate  tonnage  of  the  vessels  in  which  the  parties  have 
been  interested  as  sole  or  partial  owners.  For  the  most  part,  the  men 
whose  names  appear,  were  the  principal  or  managing  owners  of  the 
vessels  opposite  their  names  ;  in  a  few  instances  the  parties  named  were 
neither  the  principal  nor  managing  owners ;  in  others,  they  were  both 
principal  and  managing  owners  ;  but  the  paper  as  a  whole  is  intended  to 
show  the  extent  of  the  adventures  in  which  our  ship-owners  have  been 
engaged. 

The  statement  is  compiled  mainly  from  Lawson's  Record  of  Shipping. 
A  close  examination  of  the  custom-house  books  would  disclose  transfers 
of  ownership  from  lime  to  time  which  would  in  some  degree  affect  the 
aggregate  interest  of  some  of  the  later  and  larger  ship-owners,  and  yet 
not  materially  alter  the  relative  results. 


2IO 


SHIP-OWNERS. 


LEADING     SHIP-OWNERS. 


Dale. 

Owner'*  Name. 

. 

1 

1 

Tonnage. 

J 

.| 

•c 

1 

•i 

J 

•8 

i     , 

- 

B 

ea 

tn 

X 

176a  to  1783 

Selh  Bamcs 

5 

Unreruin. 

176a  '.0  1796 

,   Ephraim  Cook  .     . 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

7 

" 

1762  10 1788 

James  Cain   .     .     . 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

4 

II 

1765  to  iSoi 

James  Kelley     .     . 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

5 

249 

1785  to  1806 

Samuel  S.  Poole     . 

I 

- 

- 

- 

- 

3 

235 

1787  to  1816 

Abner  Barrows .     . 

- 

- 

- 

.   - 

- 

S 

163 

1787  to  1826 

Joshua  Trefry    .     . 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

6 

178 

1787  to  1810 

Thomas  Fhnt     .     . 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

S 

III 

1787  to  1828 

Comfort  Haley  .     . 

10 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

10 

479 

1787  to  1802 

Benjamin  Barnard 

I 

- 

- 

- 

- 

6 

360 

1787  to  t8o4 

John  M.igray     .     . 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

6 

"53 

1788  to  1814 

John  Cann,  sen.     . 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

7 

323 

1788  to  1829 

John  Killam,  jun.  . 

- 

3 

- 

- 

- 

5 

435 

1791  to  1823 

Horace  &  Amos  Baker  .     . 

- 

- 

- 

-  ,    - 

7 

407 

1791  to  1816 

Amos  &  Jacob  Hilton     .     . 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

9 

373 

1794  to  1816 

Wailstill  Lewis 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

4 

245 

1797  10  i8ro 

Samuel  Marshall   . 

- 

J 

- 

- 

- 

9 

709 

1797  to  1840 

Joseph  Tooker,  sen. 

II 

3 

- 

- 

- 

- 

«3 

1,228 

1800  to  1817 

Job  Hatfield.     .     . 

3 

I 

I 

- 

- 

- 

4 

333 

1801  to  1817 

Solomon  Ryder 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

5 

394 

1804  to  1814 

Ebenezer  Perry .     . 

- 

I 

- 

- 

- 

4 

3«7 

1804  to  1838 

Israel  Lovitt      .     ■ 

I 

X 

- 

- 

- 

3 

39« 

1805  to  1831 

Bartleti  Gardner,  &  S 

ons    . 

6 

i 

3 

- 

I 

- 

II 

I.H3 

1806  to  181S 

KIkanah  Clements  . 

6 

. 

- 

~ 

~ 

6 

435 

1808  to  1824 

James  Taylor    .     . 

- 

- 

4 

I 

1 

- 

6 

1,701 

1808  10  1828 

Anthony  lenders  . 

I 

- 

7 

3 

3 

- 

»3 

3.446 

181 1  to  1845 

George  Bingay  .     . 

8 

3 

6 

3 

- 

- 

18 

a.97' 

1812  to  1835 

David  Flint,  sen.    .     . 

8 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

8 

610 

1813  101841 

Robert  Kelley   .     .     . 

10 

3 

3 

I 

- 

- 

'5 

t.377 

1817  to  1845 

James  Jenkins,  sen.    . 

3 

- 

3 

- 

- 

- 

5 

483 

1818  to  1852 

Joseph  Stoneman  .     . 

- 

_ 

- 

- 

6 

456 

1818  to  1846 

John  Bmgay      .     .     . 

- 

- 

I 

- 

7 

7'4 

1820  to  1827 

Benjamin  Bingay  .     . 

3 

- 

- 

- 

5 

706 

1822  101858 

E.  W.  B.  Moody   .     . 

10 

8 

I 

I 

38 

7.2'7 

1824  to  1849  1 

George  \V.  Bond    .     . 

3 

3 

- 

- 

5 

1,059 

1825  to  1849 

James  Baker      .     .     . 

I 

3 

- 

- 

8 

1,156 

1826  to  1839  i 

Reuben  Clements  .     . 

3 

- 

- 

- 

4 

586 

1828  to  1849 

Ebenozer  Scott .     .     . 

3 

3 

- 

- 

8 

'.578 

1830  to  1840 

George  Trefry  .     .     . 

I 

- 

-•• 

- 

5 

574 

1830  to  1877 

J.  V.  N.  Hatfield  .    . 

I 

3 

I 

- 

9 

2,998 

1830  to  1865 

Robert  Guest     .     .     . 

3 

6 

- 

- 

16 

4,397 

1832  to  1879  j 

Benjamin  Rogers  .     . 

18 

10 

I 

4 

- 

- 

33 

4.539 

1833  to  1872 

John  Ryder  .... 

4 

- 

- 

- 

- 

7 

6J3 

1833  to  1862  j 

John  Cann  2d    .     ■     . 

a 

2 

3 

- 

- 

7 

1,383 

1834  to  1865 

Joseph  Shaw     .     .    . 

3 

2 

4 

4 

14 

6,391 

1834  to  1885 

Samuel  Killam  .     .    . 

3 

5 

8 

6 

30 

'3.438 

1835 101869 

I'homas  Killam      .     . 

ao 

10 

II 

7 

6 

57 

14.469 

1835  to  1865 

Lyman  Cann,  sen. 

4 

3 

3 

3 

- 

13 

'.959 

1836  to  1867 

William  Robertson     . 

I 

I 

3 

9 

- 

14 

6,161 

SHIP-OWNERS. 


211 


LEADING     SHIP-OWNERS.  —  Continutd. 


Owner'*  Name. 


1837  10 
1837  to 
1837  to 
1837  10 

1837  to 

1838  10 
1838  to 
1840  10 

1840  10 

1841  tu 

1841  to 

1842  to 
1S44  to 
1844  to 

1844  to 

1845  to 

1846  to 

1846  to 

1847  to 
1847  to 
1847  to 
1847  to 

1849  'o 

1850  to 

1 850  to 

1851  to 

1852  to 

1852  to 

1853  to 

1854  to 
1854  to 
1854  to 

1854  to 

1855  to 
1855  to 
1855  to 

1855  to 

1856  to 

1856  to 

1857  to 
1857  to 
1857  to 

1857  to 

1858  to 
1838  to 
i860  to 
1861  to 
1861  to 
1861  to 


855 
855 

866 
880 

874 
878 
868 
857 
873 
872 
863 

875 

88s 
866 
869 
87 1 
875 
885 

883 
856 
881 

875 
8S1 
864 
875 


865 

879 

884 

874 
883 
884 
883 
883 
885 
883 
864 
879 
883 
880 

877 
883 
883 
880 
885 
883 
880 
88s 
88s 


Allen  &  Brown 

1'homas  Barnard 

Nathan  Utley 

Gilbert  Sanderson 

Dennis  Horton 

Benjamin  Murphy 

Ira  Raymond  &  Co 

Thomas  Allen,  sen 

John  VV.  Ix)vitt 

W.  H.  Moody,  sen 

Charles  &  fleorge  W.  Tooker  .     .     . 

Ryerson"  &  Moses 

Abel  C   Robbins 

Amasa  Durkee 

VV.  H.  Townsend 

N.  K.  Clements 

Andrew  Ix>vitt 

William  Burrill  and  William  Bur- 
rill  &  Co 

Joseph  B.  I.oviit 

Thomas  Dane 

Aaron  Goudcy 

George  S.  Brown 

John  W.  Moody 

W.  H.  Jenkms 

liowman  Corning 

Thomas,  Edward  S.,  and  Thomas 
J-  Perry 

George  Killam 

William  K.  Dudman 

George  H.  Lovitt 

William  Rogers 

Benjamin  Hilton 

A.  F.  Stoneman 

l.yman  E.  &  H.  E.  Cann    .... 

Lyman  &  Hugh  Cann 

John  &  James  J.  Ix)vitt 

Henry  &  N.  B.  Lewis     ...".. 

Young  &  Baker 

Joseph  Burrill 

Richiiii  T.  Crosby  &  Sons      .     .     . 

John  Murphy 

Nathaniel  Churchill 

Hatfield  Brothers 

Zebina  Goudey  .     .  

G.  J.&JamesC-  F.irish     .    .     .     . 

William  D.  Loviit 

James  Adolphiis  Hatfield    .... 

Joseph  W.  MacMullen 

George  K.  Trefry 

James  M.  Davis 


J 

I 
5 
5 

I 
I 
4 
4 

4 

6 

»5 

8 

3 
1 


•3 

3 


2 

'7 

9 


I 
»3 


0 

1 

1 

•1 

m 

1 

1 

i 

- 

» 

4 

7 

3 

I 

3 

8 

S 

3 

s 

- 

•9 

7 

S 

I 

- 

»9 

t 

- 

7 

M 

- 

- 

to 

II 

4 

5 

9 

a8 

3 

4 

5 

'7 

- 

5 

II 

»7 

I 

1 

4 

9 

3 

»4 

8 

1 
5 

6 

3 
16 
aa 

10 
la 

»4 
64 
60 

a 

I 

7 

IS 

• 

a 

3 

10 

7 

I 

3 

»s 

- 

~ 

10 

13 

a 

- 

5 

3 

'3 

- 

- 

la 

a 

«4 

I 

3 

I 

- 

6 

5 

5 

a 
4 

9 
8 

5 

3 

36 

38! 

I 

a 

9 

6 

ai 

- 

I 

9 

II 

- 

- 

9 

' 

a 

'3  ' 

- 

I 

la 

II 

- 

a6l 

4 

2 

I 

- 

I 

»5  ! 

a 

I 

6 

4 

3 

«sl 

- 

- 

6 

7 

13 

a 

a 

9 

3 

- 

16 

- 

- 

7 

3 

- 

II 

a 
I 

I 

9 
9 

a 
6 

" 

37 
16 

- 

- 

17 

6 

3 

a6 

- 

- 

II 

la 

I 

34! 

I 

- 

8 

- 

17 

I 

I 

5 

I 

10 

- 

I 

4 

a 

15 

I 

I 

8 

11 

- 

21 

I 

I 

5 

- 

la 

a 

- 

6 

II 

I 

aa 

- 

- 

7 

3 

17 

- 

- 

10 

- 

14 

I 

a 

9 

- 

ai 

- 

a 

8 

la 

- 

a3 

- 

- 

a 

la 

- 

'7 

- 

- 

3 

- 

7 

- 

- 

3 

- 

10 

a 

- 

6 

I 

ai 

Tonnage. 


3.580 
«.734 
5.070 
J.4»a 
7.569 
6,643 
It,6i6 

7.f'59 

12,763 

3,628 

8,980 

a8,32o 

4,888 
2,621 
5.018 
7.7»7 

9.857 
11,654 

1.663 
12,805 

9,920 

13.977 
5,060 

8,374 

22.599 

3.732 

".031 

12.863 

8.443 

7.769 

10,143 

14,788 

17.793 
21,034 
12,115 
4.196 
'3.524 
20,772 
10,587 

18,377 
12,096 
10,610 

»7.557 

31,523 

19,228 

5.948 

8,820 

9.785 


212 


SHIP-OWNERS. 


LEADING     SHIP-OWNERS. —  C^«f/«fl'^^. 


Date. 


1862  101885 

1863  toi88i 
1863  101878 
1863  to  1876 

1863  101884 

1864  to  1882 

1865  to  1885 

1865  to  1885 

1866  to  1874 

1867  to  1884 

1868  to  1885 

1869  to  1875 

1870  to  1885 
1872  to  1877 
1875  to  1884 
1879  to  1885 


Owntr's  Name. 


Joseph  H.  Cann 

James  F.  Scott 

Dennis  &  Doane 

Nathan  W.  Blethen 

Francis  G.  and  William  H.  Cook 

Killam  Brothers 

Loran  E.  Baker 

William  Law 

Young,  Kinney,  &  Corning     .     . 

Jeremiah  H.  Pothier  &  Co.      .     . 

Jacob  V.  B.  Bingay 

!   Byron  P.  Ladd 

I   Benjamin  Davis 

!  Tliomas  B.  Flint 

j  Parker,  Eakins,  &  Co.  .  .  .  . 
\  Hatfield,  Kinney,  &  Co.     .    .    . 


g   I 


n 


-     3 


I  % 

5     :  O 
« 

Si  ,  2 


Tonnage. 


5 

8 

31 

•7 
II 
16 
20 
it 

17 
II 
12 

'S 
10 

7 

18 

24 


5.948 

9,035 
16,809 

«  3.543 

9,32a 

\i,ivi 

14.853 
35,961 

7.389 

877 

8,735 

4,396 
*,393 
6,745 
1,578 
1,430 


Two  new  ships  have  been  added  to  the  Yarmouth  Registry  since  the 
foregoing  enumeration  was  completed,  —  the  Louise  M.  Fuller,  1,680 
tons,  built  at  Tusket  for  J.  Adolphus  Hatfield,  P.  Lent  Hatfield,  P'orman 
Hatfield,  Job  Hatfield,  Edgar  K.  Spinney,  William  Law  &  Co.,  and 
Capt.  A.  IV.  Blauvelt;  and  the  Celeste  Burrill,  1,763  tons,  built  in 
Clare  for  William  Burrill  &  Co.  and  Capt.  William  D.  Robertson.  Two 
new  brigs  also  have  been  registered,  —  the  Aeronaut,  446  tons,  and  the 
Clare,  229  tons,  built  at  Belliveau's  Cove  for  William  D.  Lovitt.     . 

No  authentic  records  have  been  found  available  for  supplying  correct 
data  of  the  vessels  owned  in  Yarmouth  County  during  the  twenty-five 
years  following  1761  ;  and  the  foregoing  summary  has  been  compiled 
from  Mr.  Lawson's  "Record  of  Shipping,"  published  in  1876,  and  from 
the  lists  since  pubhshed  annually  in  "  The  Yarmouth  Herald." 

Up  to  the  year  1825  the  English  of  Argyle  Township  had  owned 
altogether  27  schooners,  1,575  tons;  and  the  French,  13  schooners,  476 
tons. 

Twenty-five  years  later  the  figures  stood  :  for  the  English,  40  schoon- 
ers, 2,276  tons  ;  for  the  French,  37  schooners,  1,280  tons. 

And  on  Jan.  f,  1875,  the  English  of  Argyle  had  owned  89  schooners, 
4,699    tons;   and   the  French  had  owned  104  schooners,  4,125   tons. 


SHIP-OWNERS.  213 

The  shipping  list  of  the  county  of  Jan.  i,  1880,  includes  121 
schooners,  registering  6,003  tons,  of  which  the  English  of  Argyle  owned 
16  schooners,  760  ions;  the  French  of  Argyle  owned  40  schooners, 
1,941  tons. 

Five  years  later,  when  the  list  showed  109  schooners,  6,579  tons, 
the  English  of  Argyle  owned  16  schooners,  1,122  tons:  the  French  of 
Argyle  owned  40  schooners,  2,204  tons. 

These  figures  show  the  changes,  almost  invariably  in  one  direction,  in 
the  relative  proportions  of  the  tonnage  of  the  small  craft  owned  by  the 
English  and  the  French  of  the  Township  of  Argyle.  They  show,  too, 
how  largely  the  French  have  contributed  to  the  development  of  the 
fishery  interests  of  the  county,  for  in  that  direction,  mainly,  have  their 
schooners  been  employed ;  whereas,  some  of  the  larger  schooners 
owned  by  the  English  of  Argyle,  especially  in  the  earlier  years,  were 
engaged  in  other  and  less  profitable  business. 

It  is  noteworthy  that  while  during  the  first  fifty  years  the  English  ves- 
sels of  the  county  were  named  Polly,  Betsey,  Patty,  Sally,  Sukey,  Nancy, 
Peggy,  and  Freedom,  Friendship,  Success,  Hope,  Industry,  Prudence, 
Prosperity,  Adventure,  Enterprise,  Endeavor,  and  the  like  (out  of  twenty- 
four  vessels  owned  in  1787  th'.re  were  seven  Pollys  and  three  Betseys), 
t\\Q  first  French  vessels  r  ,.1  rded  were  the  Seaflower  oi  Simon  Amirault, 
in  1795;  the  Margaret  of  Pierre  Surette,  in  1797;  the  Micmac  of 
Etienne  D'Entremont,  in  1 797  :  the  Minerva  of  Marc  Amirault,  in  1802  ; 
and  the  Rainbow  of  Btaoni  D'Entremont,  in  1804.  We  find  with  the 
English  the  Lord  Nelson  and  Trafalgar  va.  1806  and  1807;  but  Paul 
D'Entremont  and  his  sons,  in  1807,  changed  the  keynote,  and  called 
their  first  vessel  the  Queen,  a  name  Hilaire  D'Entremont  made  more 
emphatic  in  1808,  when,  with  his  Queen  of  England  oi  63  tons,  he  wel- 
comed Anthony  Landers ;  and  these  hints  were  followed  by  the  English, 
in  1808,  1 8 10,  and  181 1,  with  the  Lady  Sherbrooke,  Queen  Charlotte, 
British  Queen,  and  Prince  Regent. 

Samuel  Marshall  ga''e  us  the  first  Hibernia  in  1 799,  and  Solomon 
Ryder  the  first  Britannia  in  18 10,  followed  by  James  Crosby's  Cale- 
donia in  18 1 2,  which  memorable  year  David  Flint  appropriately  recog- 
nized with  his  Belisarius. 

Anthony  Landers  improved  upon  his  Peter  Waldo  of  181-  wit'-  the 


214 


SHIPPING   OF   YARMOUTH. 


Thales  in  1813  ;  and  just  here  it  is  worth  recalling  that  John  Cann  built 
two  brigs  in  1847,  naming  one  Thetis,  and  the  other  Thalia,  from  two 
nymphs  of  the  sea,  granddaughters  of  Oceanus  and  Terra.  We  find 
Wellington  and  Waterloo,  in  1816  and  181 7,  in  close  proximity  to 
Betsey  and  Nancy  and  Mary  Jane. 

Bartlett  Gardner  would  seem  to  have  given  the  name  to  the  village 
with  his  brig  Arcadia,  of  200  tons,  in  181 7,  which,  it  may  be  safely  said, 
was  the  handsomest  brig  built  in  the  county  to  that  date ;  and  Anthony 
Landers  made  a  retrograde  movement  in  1819  with  his  \)X\g  Better-Luck- 
Still. 

One  of  the  D'Entremonts  is  again  to  the  front,  in  1840,  with  the  first 
Acadian;  sX'dxow^  James  Taylor  had  honored  a  Fair  Acadian  sixittn 
years  before,  and  Nathan  Utley  an  Acadian  Lass  in  1833. 

And  so,  in  more  recent  years,  while  we  v/elcome  Evangeline,  Ange- 
line,  Aldine,  Kathleen,  Beatrice,  Vanguard,  and  Jessie  May,  there  were 
few,  probably,  in  1883  and  1884,  to  lament  the  fate  of  the  Nancy  Ann 
or  the  Essence  of  Peppermint. 

The  following  table  exhibits  the  shipping  of  Yarmouth  at  different 
periods  since  1761.  The  highest  point  attained  was  in  1878,  as  the 
figures  show,  made  up  to  Jan.  i,  1879  :  — 


DATE. 
I761 

1808 
I818 
1832 
1840 
1850 

i860,  Jan. 

1870 

187s 

1879 

18S0 

1881 

1882 

1883 

1S84 

1885 

1886 


NO.  or 

VESSELS. 
I 

:!6 
41 

75 

38 

124 

113 
>33 
858 

256 
297 
276 
262 
232 
228 
225 
222 
229 


AVERAGE 

TONNAGE.  -■;  TONNAGE. 

25 

554 21 

1,880 46 

3.469 45 

4.34S 49 

10,54 J  .'  .  %  .  .   85 

17,890 158 

36.514 275 

82,147 3'8 

120,966 472 

i53.5'5 517 

144.354 523 

141.331 539 

133.078 574 

'24.357 545 

118,514 527 

117.176 528 

118,629 518 


SHIPS  OF  THE  PAST.  21 5 

A  comparison    may  be   made   with    the    Mercantile    Marine    of  the 
Dominion  of  Canada,  as  given  by  the  official  report :  — 

NO.   OF  AVERAGE 

DATK.  VESSELS.  TONNAGE.  TONNAGE. 

1873 6,783 i,039,7'8 15s 

1874 6,930 1,158.363 '67 

1875 6,952 1,205,565 173 

1876 7.'92 1,250,839 174 

1877 7,362 i,3'o,46S 178 

1878 7,469 1,333.015 178 

1879 7.471 1.332,093 178 

1880 7,377 1,3", 218 178 

1881 7,394  .....  1,310,89s 177 

1882 7,312 1,260,777 172 

1883 7,374 1,267,394  ....  172 

1884 7,254 1,253.747 173 

1885 7,315 1,231,856 168 

THE    GREAT    MICHAEL. 

James  Logan,  in  his  "History  of  the  Scottish  Gael,"  says,  "The  art 
of  ship-building  was  brought  to  great  perfection  in  Scotland.  A  ship  of 
a  remarkably  large  size,  built  by  King  James  IV.  (1488-15 13),  con- 
sumed so  much  timber  that  she  is  said  to  have  wasted  the  woods  of 
Fife.  This  vessel  was  120  feet  long,  36  feet  wide  within  the  sides, 
which  are  said  to  have  been  no  less  than  10  feet  thick  !  She  was  fur- 
nished with  300  marines,  120  artiller}'-men,  and  1,000  men-of-war,  and 
cost  ;^30,ooo.  '  This  great  ship  cu.nbered  Scotland  to  get  her  to  sea. 
If  any  man,'  says  Potscottie,  '  believe  that  this  description  be  not  of 
verity,  let  him  pass  to  the  gate  of  Tillibardine,  and  there  afore  the  same, 
ye  will  see  the  length  and  breadth  of  her,  planted  with  hawthorns  by  the 
Wright  who  helped  to  make  her.'  " 

Scotland  now  builds  her  ships  of  material  more  durable  than  that 
supplied  four  hundred  years  ago  by  the  "  woods  of  Fife,"  excellent  as 
that  may  then  have  been ;  and  Yarmouth,  to  test  their  quality,  placed 
upon  her  books  of  registry  in  1385,  the  new  iron  sailing-ship,  Boivman 
B.  Law,  of  1,359  tons,  built  on  the  Clyde  for  the  following  owners, — 
Wlliam  Law,  Bowman  B.  Law,  John  Black,  A.  N.  Rankin,  Byron  A. 
Abbott,  Byron  Robbins,  James  A.  Hatfield,  Amos  D.  Haley,  Thomas 
Perry,  George  K.  Trefry,  John  Hibb?.  ',  James  F.Scott,  Herbert  H. 
Brown,  Cereno  Johnson,  Ebenezer  Scott,  William  Hibbard,  —  half  of 
whom  we  recognize  as  descended  from  Yarmouth's  early  settlers. 


2l6  SHIPS  OF  THE   PAST. 

THE    GREAT    REPUBLIC. 

Besides,  the  Pompey  of  25  tons,  which  brought  the  first  settlers  from 
Cape  Cod  to  Chebogue  River,  a  celebrated  vessel  with  which  Yarmouth 
owners  were  concerned  a  century  later,  was  the  ship  Great  Republic, 
built  at  East  Boston  in  1853  by  Donald  MacKay,  a  native  of  Clyde 
River,  Shelburne  County.  This  ship  was  325  feet  long,  53  feet  beam, 
had  four  decks,  and  measured  originally  4,555  tons.  She  had  three 
square-rigged  masts,  and  a  spanker- mast  carrying  spanker  and  gaff-top- 
sail. Her  main-yard  was  120  feet  long  and  28  inches  in  diameter;  her 
fore-yard  no  feet  and  26  inches  in  diameter;  cross-jack-yard  90  feet 
long  and  24  inches  in  diameter.  She  carried  royals  and  skysails  except 
upon  the  mizzen,  which  had  no  skysail.  Her  first  voyage  was  from  New 
York  to  San  Francisco,  under  the  command  of  Donald's  brother, 
Lauchlan  MacKay,  formerly  of  the  Sovereign  of  the  Seas.  While  at  New 
York  the  Great  Republic  came  near  being  destroyed  by  fire  ;  and  while 
repairing,  her  upper  deck  was  removed.  She  made  three  consecutive 
passages  from  New  York  to  San  Francisco,  averaging  io6|^  days  ;  and  on 
her  first  voyage,  for  ten  successive  days,  she  averaged  314  miles  per  day. 

In  1868,  while  she  was  lying  in  New  York  unemployed,  Capt. 
John  Smith  Hatfield  and  Loran  E.  Baker  purchased  an  interest  in  the 
Great  Republic.  Capt.  Hatfield  took  charge  of  her,  proceeded  to  St. 
John,  N.B.,  and  therice  to  Liverpool,  Great  Britain,  with  a  cargo  of 
timber  and  deals.  This  was  her  last  voyage  ;  and  John  Smith  Hatfield 
is  entided  to  credit  for  justifying  his  confidence  in  the  ability  of  Donald 
MacKay's  great  ship,  though  much  enfeebled  by  age  and  the  continued 
strain  of  past  performance,  to  overcome  the  perils  of  the  Bay  of  Fundy, 
and  safely  carry  another  heavy  cargo  across  the  North  Adantic. 

Donald  MacKay  built  altogether  more  than  120  ships,  some  of 
which  made  remarkable  passages  from  New  York  and  Boston  to  San 
Francisco.     For  example,  — 

Sovereign  of  the  Seas     .    .  2,400  tons  .  .  103  days. 

Flying  Cloud 1,700     "  .  .  90  " 

Flying  Fish 1,600     "  .  .  92  " 

Bald  Eagle 1,600     "  .  .  107  " 

Empress  of  the  Seas .     .     .  2,250    "  .  118  " 

Staghound I.S50    "  .  .  112  "     z/w  Valparaiso. 

Westward  Ho 1,700     "  .  .  107  "      from  Boston. 

Staffordshire loi  '         "           " 


SHIPS  OF  THE  PAST.  217 

The  Sovereign  of  the  Seas,  Capt.  Lauchlan  MacKay,  mafie  the 
passage  from  Sandwich  Islands  to  New  York  in  82  days,  having  in  79 
days  sailed  17,597  statute  miles,  an  average  of  more  than  9  miles  an 
hour.  The  Flying  Cloud,  on  her  unequalled  passage  of  90  days,  one 
day  made,  from  noon  to  noon,  374  knots,  equal  to  433  statute  miles. 

Donald  MacKay  built  the  Lightning,  which  made  the  passage  from 
Melbourne  to  Liverpool  in  65  days ;  and  the  James  Baines  of  2,000 
tons,  which  in  September,  1854,  made  the  passage  from  Boston  to  Liver- 
pool in  12  days  and  6  hours,  and  next  from  Liverpool  to  Melbourne  in 
63  days,  the  shortest  on  record. 

But  ships  of  such  size  and  such  performance  belong  exclusively  to 
the  last  forty  years;  for  previous  to  1840,  a  ship  of  500  tons  was  con- 
sidered large.  In  the  early  part  of  the  century  Salem  owned  the  largest 
merchant  fleet,  and  carried  on  the  most  extensive  foreign  trade  of  any 
American  port.  Yet  out  of  41  ships  built  at  Salem,  between  1783  and 
1800,  the  six  largest  were  of  215,  214,  213,  190,  188,  and  176  tons; 
and  the  Netu  World,  1,400  tons,  built  by  Donald  MacKay,  was,  in  1846, 
the  largest  merchant  vessel  of  the  day. 

Christopher  Turner,  of  Salem,  between  1800  and  181 1,  built  18 
vessels,  the  five  largest  being  of  296,  286,  282,  256,  and  188  tons.  Enos 
Briggs,  of  South  Salem,  from  1790  to  1819,  built  51  vessels,  11,500  tons, 
the  largest  of  which  was  the  Grand  Turk,  5  60  tons,  "  a  very  monster  in 
those  days,"  launched  May,  1791. 

Elijah  Briggs,  of  Salem,  between  1816  and  1829,  built  12  vessels, 
the  largest  of  which  was  the  Rome,  314  tons,  built  in  1829.  Elias 
Jenks,  of  Salem,  from  1825  to  1843,  built  16  vessels,  the  largest,  the 
ship  Carthage,  426  tons,  built  in  1837  ;  and  it  is  recorded  that  the  ship 
George,  328  tons,  betw  n  1815  and  1836,  made  16  voyages  between 
Salem  and  Calcutta,  the  average  outward  passage  being  116  days, 
homeward  about  100  days;  the  shortest  outward  being  89  days,  home- 
ward 93  days. 

These  statements  show  the  class  of  vessels  with  which  the  "  merchant 
princes  "  of  New  England  conducted  their  lucrative  commerce  with  the 
East  Indies,  and  they  have  been  introduced  that  a  comparison  may 
be  made  with  the  progress  of  Yarmouth  shipping  during  the  same 
periods. 


2l8 


SHIPPING   OF   YARMOUTH. 


SHIPPING    OWNED    IN    THE    COUNTY    OF    YARMOUTH, 

Jan.  I,  1886. 


When 
built. 

Vessels'  Names. 

Ton- 
nage. 

Owners' Names ;  Captains  in  Italics. 

Steamers. 

1885 

Alameda 

"3 

J.  H.  Churchill,  C.  P.  Kinney,  Ebenezer  Crosby. 

1874 

Alpha 

306 

Samuel  Killam. 

1884 

Arcadia 

63 

\V.  H.  &  F.  G.  Cook;  J.  K.,  S.  J.,  &  A.  M.  Hatfield;  G.  K. 

• 

Trefry:  H.  G.,  Thomas,  &  A.  H.  Poole;  Adelbert  Jenkins, 
etal. 

187s 

City  of  St.  John    .    . 

446 

Loran  E.  Baker,  Harvey  Doane. 

1873 

Dominion      .... 

510 

Loran  E.  Baker. 

1881 

Freddie  V 

26 

Hugh  Cann,  H.  B.  Cann. 

1883 

Island  Gem  .... 

IS 

S.  J.  &  A.  M.  Hatfield,  Ebenezer  Crosby,  A.  H.  &  H.  G.  Poole. 

1883 

Islet 

5 

A.  H.  &  Thomas  S.  Poole. 

1883 

Marina 

51   Ships. 

3a 

H.  B.  Cann. 

1880 

Abbie  S.  Hart   .    .    . 

1.450 

\V.  Law  &  Co.,  J.  A.  Hatfield,  J.  C.  Parish,  G.  H.  Guest,  E. 
H.  Lovitt,  J.  F.  Scolt,  5.  A.  Goudey,  William  Currier,  et  al. 

1873 

Adolphus 

1,318 

A.  C.  Robbins,  H.  H.  Brown,  William  &  John  Hibbard,  J. 
A.  Hatfield,  Thomas  E.  Coming,  J.  C.  Anderson,  et  al. 

1870 

Annie  Bingay    .     .     . 

1,048 

Jacob  V.  B.  Bingay,  Joseph  H.  Cann,  Joseph  Burrill. 

1873 

Annie  Goudey  .     .    . 

1,135 

L.  E.  Baker,  Norman  H.  Bent. 

187s 

Annie  M.  Law  .     .    . 

1,178 

W.  Law  &  Co  ;  Thos.,Thos.  J.,&  E.  S.  Perry;  Joseph  Burrill, 
R.  T.  Crosby,  S.  R.  Hilton,  William  &  N.  B.  Currier,  et  al. 

1874 

Antoinette     .... 

1,118 

W.  Law  &  Co.,  J.  H.  Killam,  J.  F.  Scott,  George  G,  Sanderson, 
B.  A.  Abbott,  Jos.  Burrill,  Ebenezer  Scott,  T.  Corning,  et  al. 

1876 

Bertie  Bigelow  .     .     . 

1,142 

William  D.  Loviit,  G.  G.  Crosby,  George  L.  Burchell. 

187s 

Bonanza 

1,078 

R.  T.,  Harris,  Richard,  James,  Joseph  H.,  &  Joseph  R.  Crosby; 
George  A.  &  J.  H.  Harris,  Thomas  &  CJeorge  L.  O'Brien. 

1879 

Charles 

1,500 

John  Murphy,  Charles  W.  Murphy,  R.  B.  Raymond. 

1874 

Charlie  Baker    .     .     . 

1,063 

L.  E.  Baker,  Stephen  P.  Raymond. 

t884 

County  of  Yarmouth  . 

a.154 

William  D.  Lovitt. 

1884 

Ellen  A.  Read  .     .    . 

1.75° 

W.  Law  &  Co. ;  J.  A.  &  N.  B.  Hatfield;  Thomas,  Thomas  J., 

&  E.  S.  Perry;   E.  K.  Spinney;  George  A.  &  H.  A.  Hood; 

William  Currier,  et  al. 

1878 

Equator 

'.273 

Henry  &  N.  B.  Lewis,  Hugh  &  Hugh  E.  Cann,  Elijah  E. 
Phillips,  Francis  G.  &  William  H.  Cook,  Henry  &  J.  E. 
ICenealy,  et  al. 

1883 

Euphemia     .... 

1.367 

Henry  &  N.  B.  Lewis,  F.  G.  &  W.  H.  Cook,  Henry  Kenealy, 
Abram  M.  &  Samuel  J.  Hatfield,  George  K.  Trefry,  et  al. 

1878 

Everest 

1,680 

William  D.  Loviit. 

1883 

Frederick  B.  Taylor  . 

1.798 

W.  Law  &  Co.,  J.  A.  Hatfield,  J.  A.  Tilley,  J.  Hibbard,  Josiah 
Crosby,  Thomas  Perry,  J.  B.  Lovitt,  L.  E.  Cann,  Lemuel  C. 
Goudey,  et  al. 

187s 

Hectanooga  .... 

1,066 

Abel  C.  &  Byron  Robbins,  George  L.  Burchell,  Cereno  Johnson, 
Job  Hatfiel'I,  v..  A.  Abbott,  et  al. 

1878 

Ismir   • 

1,359 

Jarob  V".  5.  Ti^^ay,  Joseph  H.  Cann,  George  B.  Cann,  G.  G. 

Sanderson. 

1875 

John  Bunyan    .    .     . 

i.«93 

Loran  E.  Baker,  Zenas  H^.  Spronle. 

187s 

Kinbum 

1,198 

J.  W.  Moody,  F.  L.  Crosby,  J.  C.  Farish,  Estate  G.  J.  Farish, 
Sheldon  &  Alexander  P.  Lewis,  C.  \V.  B.  Tooker,  James  W. 
Wyman,  tt  al. 

SHIPPING   OF   YARMOUIH.  219 

Shipping  owned  in  the  County  of  Yarmouth.  —  Continued. 


When 
built. 


1877     I^nnie  Burrill 
1871  I  Lillie  Soullard 
1875  ;  Lizzie  Burrill 
1874     Lydia  .    .    . 


1878  I  Mabel  Taylor 
1874     Magnolia .    . 


1883 
i88t 
1878 
1880 

1879 
1884 
1880 
1 881 
1874 

1878 


Mary  L.  Burrill 
Minnie  Burrill 
Morning  Light 
N.  B.  Lewis 


Narwhal   .     . 
Naupactus     . 
Nettie  Murphy 
Nyl-Ghau      . 
Otago  .     .     . 


Ruby 


1877  Saint  Cloud  . 

1878  j  San  Stefano  . 

j 

1874  I  Shelbume 
1885     Stalwart    .     . 


1875  Stamboul .  .  . 
1875  !  Stewart  Freeman 
i88t  i  Thomas  N.  Hart 


1877  j  Tsemogora 


1876  j  Vancouver 


1882 
1884 
1882 
1873 


Vanduara 
Vanloo 
Vendome  . 
William    . 


I 
1879  I  William  Law 


1868 

187s 
1873 


Winnifred     .    . 

44  Barks. 
Addie  H.  Cann 


Aneroid 


1,328 

997 
1,185 


Owners'  Names;  Captains  in  Italics. 


1,398 
998 


1,455 
1.465 
1,310 

1.325 

',327 
'.399 
1.373 
1,253 

«.095 


i.39» 

1,528 
1,198 

1,164 

'.545 

i 

[  1,248 

1,485 
1,460 


1,253 

i  1.376 
I  1,367 
;  ',496 
'  1.550 
I     998 


1.599 

t,OI2 

650 
983 


William  Burrill  &  Co.,  Jl^tUiam  D.  Robertson. 

Edward  C.  Dennis,  Robert  S.  Eakins,  et  at. 

William  Burrill  &  Co.,  yames  R.  Blauvelt. 

William  Law;   Thomas,  Thomas  J.,  Edward  S.,  Robert  C,  & 

W.  K.  Perry;   A.  C.  Robbins,  J.  B.  Lovitt,  James  F.  Scott, 
I      Harris  &  Richard  Crosby. 
W.  Law  &  Co.,  J.  A.  Hatfield,  Charles  E.  Durkee,  James  C. 

Farish,  Joseph  liurrill,  Estate  W.  K.  Dudman,  et  al. 
A.  F.  Stoneman,  Joseph  W.  MacMullen,  T.  B.  Dane,  Dodds 

&  Jolly,  Oscar  Davison,  J.  W.  Moody,  George  R.  Smith, 

Michael  Dmvley,  et  al. 
William  Burrill  &  Co. 

William  Burrill  &  Co.,  William  D.  Robertson. 
Geo.  //.  Perry,  S.imuel  Killam,  S.  B.  Davis,  Fred.  A.  Ladd. 
N.  B.  &  Henry  Lewis,  Hugh  E.  &  Hugh  Cann,  Benjamin 

Gullison,  H.  Kenealy,  Bradford  R.  Hilton. 
John  Lovitt,  James  J.  I.ovitt,  L.  D.  iVeston. 
John  Lovitt,  James  J.  Lovitt. 

John  Murphy,  Charles  W.  Murphy,  R.  B.  Raymond. 
John  Lovitt,  James  J.  Lovitt,  Edward  H.  Lovitt. 
N.  B.  &  Henry  Lewis,  Hugh  &  Hugh  E.  Cann,  Francis  G. 

Cook,  Benjamin  Gullison,  H.  E.  Kenealy. 
Abel  C.  &  Byron  Robbins,  James  F.  Raymond,  John  A.  Tilley, 

Josiah  Crosby. 
William  D.  Lovitt. 
L.  E.  Baker,  Benj.  Hilton,  G.  G.  Crosby,  Theoph.  Corning,  J. 

C.  Farish,  R.  M.  Ferguson,  Eben.  Scott,  Z.  W.  Sproule,  et  al. 
Estate  L.  M.  M.  Willet,  E.  J.  ilurphy,  D.  J.  Murphy. 
Jacob  V.  B.  BIngay,  John  Lovitt,  James  J.  Lovitt,  Joseph  H. 

Cann,  George  B.  Cann,  George  G.  Sanderson. 
John  Lovitt,  Jas.  J.  Lovitt,  Jacob  V.  B.  Bingay,  Jos.  H.  Cann. 
Ix)ran  E.  Baker. 
W.  Law  &  Co.,  J.  A.  &  N.  B.  Hatfield,  J.  A.  Tilley,  John  W. 

Moody,  J.  R.  Blauvelt,  James  F.  &  Eoenezer  Scott,  Byron 

Robbins,  et  al. 
John  &  James  J.  Lovitt,  Estate  T.  B.  Flint,  Dennis  C.  Weston, 

George  G.  .Sanderson,  Augustus  Cann,  Geo.  H.  Guest,  et  al. 
George  H.  Lovitt. 
George  H.  Lovitt. 

George  H.  Lovitt.  •   ,; 

William  D.  Lovilt. 
Benjamin   &    Ed.    Hilton,    IV.   R.   Journeay,  T.    C.  Trefry, 

Rowland  H.  Crocker,  Estate  W.  K.  Dudman. 
W.  Law  &  Co. ;  Thos.,Thos.  J.,  &  E.  S.  Perry;  Geo.  H.  Guest, 

S.  R.  Hilton,  R.  T.  Crosby,  J.  A.  Hatfield,  Jos.  Burrill,  et  al. 
George  L.  Burchell,  James  F.  Scott. 


Lyman  &  Hugh  Cann,  Benjamin  Murphy,  Charles  E.  Brown, 
A.  C.  Haines,  J.  Nelson  Gardner,  Edson  Churchill. 

R.  T.,  Harris,  Richard,  Joseph  R.,  Joseph  H.,  and  Joseph 
Crosby;  H.  H.  Brown,  T.  Coming,  T.  O'Brien,].!).  Dennis, 
Joseph  Burrill,  et  al. 


220 


SHIPPING   OF   YARMOUTH. 


Shipping  owned  in  the  County  of  Yarmouth.  —  Continued. 


When 
built. 

1873 
1877 
1870 

1870 

1885 

.875 
1881 

1878 

1878 

1872 
1872 
1882 

1881 
1873 
1876 

1871 

1873 

1871 
1872 

1877 


Vessels'  Names. 


Annie  tiurrill 
Aspotogon 
Autocrat  .     . 


Bachelors      .    . 
Bowman  B.  Law 


I 


Ecuador   .    .    . 
Emilie  L.  Boyd 


Emanuel  Swedenborg, 
Fanny  L.  Cann      .     . 


George  B.  Doane 
Gordon     .     , 
Guiana     .    . 

H.  B.  Cann  . 
Herbert  C.  Hall 
Hugh  Cann  . 

Kate  Burrill . 

Kate  Cann    . 

Lennie      .    . 
Lima    . 

Lizzie  Perry . 


^872     M.  &  E.  Cann 
1873     Maria  Stoneman 


1876 
1873 
1873 

1877 
1875 
1873 

1873 
1882 
1872 
1880 
1871 

1876 

1870 


Mary  I.  Baker 
Milo     ... 
Mizpah     .    . 

Navarch  .  • 
Natant  .  . 
Nellie  Moody 

Nellie  T.  Guest 
Neophyte 
Palermo    .     . 
Patagonia 
Republic  .     . 

Romanofif 

Sarah  B.  Cann 


Ton- 
I  uage. 

i 

897 
j  861 
\     665 

655! 

I 1359  I 

1. 059 
1,240 

799 

797  [ 

i 

941  ! 

604  I 

1,26s  I 

I 1299  i 
622  I 

1.073  I 
690 

95«  ' 

I 
984] 
892 

I 
1,122  j 

I 

I 

920  j 

959 

843' 

6841 

898  I 

i 

994  i 

1,072  I 

746  I 

883  I 
1,056  I 

799  j 
«.i99  I 

843 

1,049 

757 


Owners'  Names',  Captains  in  Italics. 


Wm.  Burrill  &  Co.,  Wm.  D.  Robtrtson,  James  R.  Blauvelt. 
A.  R.  Purkee,  J.  C.  Farish,  Dennis  Crosby,  S.  &  A.  P.  Lewis. 
J.  VV.  Moody,  A.  F.  Stoneman,  Joseph  W.  MacMulUn,  Freeman 

Gardner,  E.  ]V.  Kenealy. 
Hugh,  H.  B.,  Lyman,  &  Hugh  E.  Cann:  BtHjamtH  Murphy, 

G.  W.  B.  Tooker,  Edward  Allen,  Loran  D.  Cann. 
W.  Law  &  Co.,  A.  U.  Haley,  Thomas  Perry,  H.  H.  Brown, 

G.  K.  Trcfry,  J.  A.  Hatfield,  B.  A.  Abbott,  et  al. 
Killam  Bros.,  Bowman  Coming,  Geo.  A.  Hood,  Hugh  Hughes. 
W.  Law  &  Co.,  G.  H.  Guest,  Thomas  &  E.  S.  Perry,  George 

C' jsby,  T.  Corning,  J.  B.  Lovitt,  C.  Raymond,  et  al. 
Zebina  Goudey,  John  Mrrphy,  J.  iy.  A ndersoit, 'R.T.  Crosby, 

Theophilus  Corning,  J.  H.  Harris. 
Lyman  &  Lonn  D.  Cann,  B.  .Murphy,  H.  &  R.  Crosby,  C.  E. 

Brown,  J.  C.  Farish,  W.  &  N.  B.  Currier,  N.  A.   Wyman, 

etat. 
A.  C.  Robbins,  John  Hibbard,  G.  L.  Burchell,  Herbert  H.  Brown. 
Abel  C.  Rob  in'.. 
Killam  Bros  ,  W.  D.  Killam,  £.  C.  Byrnes,  H.  A.  &  G.  A. 

Hood. 
Hugh  Cann,  H.  B.  Cann,  Rodolph  Cann. 
Samuel  KilUm,  Benjamin  &  Samuel  B.  Davis,  et  al. 
N.  B.  &  Henry  Lewis,  Henry  &  J.  E.  Kenealy,  Geo.  EUridge, 

Hugh,  Hugh  E.,  Lyman  E.,  and  Herbert  H.  Cann. 
W.  Burrill  &  Co.,  James  R.  Blauvelt,  William  D.  Robertson, 

etal. 
Hugh,  Lyman,  George  E.,  &  H.   B.   Cann,    J-    'j-   Smith, 

Benjamin  Murphy,  Samuel  A.  Crowell. 
William  D.  Lovitt,  Estate  Smith  Horton.        •■    ■     -      - 
Killam  Bros.,  E-   C.  Byrne  ,  D.  Richards,  William  &  John 

Hibbard. 
W.  Law  &  Co  ,  Thomas  &  T.  J.  Perry,  George  Crosby,  R. 

MacHenry,  Geo.  H.  Guest,  H.  H.  Perry,  Wm.  Currier,  et  al. 
Hugh,  H.  B.,  Lyman,  Hugh  E.  Cann. 
A.  K.  Stoneman,  John  W.  Moody,  A.  Webb  Blauvelt.       ' 
Loran  E.  Baker,  Zenas  W.  Sproule. 
A.  C.  Robbins,  Charles  D.  Bro'.vn,  Thomas  Long. 
N.  B.  &  Henry  Lewis,  Hugh,  Hugh  E.,  &  George  E.  Cann, 

Francis  G.  Cook,  Michael  Dowley. 
John  Lovitt,  James  J.  Lovitt,  Edward  H.  Lovitt. 
John  Lovitt,  James  J.  Lovitt,  Israel  L.  Walker. 
A.  F.  Stoneman  &  Co.,  John  W.  ^T  ody,  Joseph  Goudey,  Es- 
tate  George  Earl,  Loran  D.  Ca        et  al, 
Thomas  Guest,  Samuel  E.  Messenger. 
John  Lovitt,  James  J.  Lovitt. 

Zebina  Goudey,  Israel  L.  Walker,  Theophilus  Corning,  et  al. 
Killam  Bros.,  William  Hibbard,  Henry  A.  Hood. 
Henry  Lewis,  Benjamin  Hilton,  Elijah  E.  Phillips,  William 

H.,  Francis  G.,  &  W.  A.  Cook,  George  K.  Trefry,  et  al. 
A.  F.  Stoneman  &  Co.,  John   W.  Moody,   Amos  D.   Haley, 

George  W.  Doty,  Dodds  &  Jolly,  James  C.  Farish,  et  al. 
Hujh,  Hugh  E  ,  &  H.  B.  Cann,  Francis  G.  Cook,  Nathan  B. 

&  Henry  Lewis. 


SHIPPING  OF   YARMOUTH. 


2i\ 


Shipping  owned  in  the  County  of  Yarmouth.  —  ConthiueJ. 


I 


When         V        1  ■  V  Ton- 

.     .,  Vessels  Names, 

built.  '  nage. 


Owners'  Names;  Captains  in  Italics. 


1875     Sokoto      .... 
1871   :  Southern  Belle  .    . 


1872  I  Talisman  .... 

I 
1879     Thomas  Perry  .    . 

1879  Venezuela  .  .  . 
1870  W.  E.  Heard  .  . 
•  38 1     Zebina  Goudey  .     . 

1  Barkentine. 

1885   !  Sentinel     .... 


1875 
1884 


11  Brigantines. 

Acadia 

Aldine 


1869     Arthur 

1883 

1876 

i88z 

1877 

1871 

1874 

1873 

1878 


E879 
1875 


Boston  Marine  .     .     , 
Florida      .    .     .     .     . 

Lottie  E 

Louisa  Coipel    .     . 
M.  E.  Coipel     .     . 
Nellie  Crosby    .     .     . 
S.  N.  Collymore     . 
St.  Michel     ... 

113  Schooners. 

Alamode  .... 
Alfarata    .... 


T878  '  Alfred 

1884  Alma 

1885  Alph.  B.  Parker 


1878 
1876 
1879 

1882 

1883 

1876 

1873 


Angeline  .  . 
Anna  Louisa 
Anna  MacGtC 


Annie  D. 


Annie  M.  Bell  . 

Arizona    .    .    . 

I  Balarose  .    .    . 


1878  i  Banneret  . 
1875  j  Barbaroni 

1883     Beatrice    . 


958 
587 

953 
1,193 


983 

587 
1,087 


488 


341 

344 
123 
172 
99 
167 
143 
"5 
440 
221 

131 


28 

47 

46 
18 

39 

67 

47 
57 

70 


Samuel  Killam,  W.  R.  Journeay,  R.  H.  Crocker. 

A.  C.  Robblns,  Samuel  B.  Robbint,  L).  W.  Clark,  Ceorgt  B. 
Frater. 

W.  Law  &  Co.,  Albert  Raker,  J.  A.  Hatfield,  J.  B.  Lovitt, 
James  R.  Blauvelt,  Joseph  Burrill,  G.  G.  Sanderson,  //  al. 

W.  Law  &  Co.,  Thomas,  Edward  S.,  &  Thomas  J.  Perry,  George 
Crosby,  George  H.  Guest,  James  G.  Allen,  Joseph  Burrill, 
William  Currier,  et  al. 

Killam  Bros  ,  William  D.  Killam,  E.  C.  Byrnes. 

A.  C.  Robbins,  James  F.  Raymond,  Estate  L.  C.  Raymond. 

Zebina  Goudey,  Cereno  Johnson,  James  G.  Allen,  William  W. 
Cook,  Lemuel  E.  Robbins,  Wilham  Currier,  George  G.  San- 
derson, John  W.  Anderson. 


8S 


45 


55 
93 


109 


William  D.  Lovitt. 


Benjamin  &  Samuel  B.  Davis. 

William  D.  Lovitt. 

Parker,  Eakins,  &  Co. 

Jeremie  H.  Pothier  &  Co. 

Hatfield,  Kinney,  &  Co. 

William  Crosby. 

Parker,  Eakins,  &  Co. 

A.  F.  Stoneman  &  Co. 

Benjamin  &  S.  B.  Davis,  Fred'k  A.  Ladd,  \V.  Wallace  Crosby. 

James  M.  Davis,  Prince  H.  Durkee. 

Jeremie  H.  Pothier  et  Cie. 


Joseph  &  Theodore  Le  Blanc,  Ma'c  A  Amirault,  et  al. 

C.  T.,  W..  Isaac,  &  Hilaire  D'Entremont;  D.  Morrisey;  D.  T., 

S.  G.,  Jacques,  &  Cyriaque  Amirault. 
Parker,  Eakins,  &  Co. 
M.  Le  Blanc,  et  al. 
Maximin,  Timoth<?e,  Philippe,  Hilaire,  Edmond,  Jacques,  & 

Josue  Le  Blanc. 
Parker,  Eakins,  &  Co.  ■■;; 

Reuben,  Harvey,  &  C.  Goodwin,  et  al. 
George  D.,  J.  S.,   L.  M.,  &  J.  B,  J.  D'Entremont;    N.,  S., 

L.  v.,  M.,  R.,  Jacques,  &  Marc  Amirault. 
GeorgeD.,J.  B.,  H.  T.,  J.  S.,  &  L.  M.  D'Entremont;  S.,Marc, 

&  Michel  Amirault;  C.  Rudolf. 
Nicolas,  Sylvain,  Benjamin,  Henri,  Anselme,  Michel,  Augustin, 

R.,&  Lion  V.  Amirault. 
S.  D.,  L.  D.,  R.,  v.,  L.  C,  M.,  Andre,  Jean  C,  &  Jacques 

D'Entremont;  Zacharie  Surette,  et  al. 
Andri,  Isaac,  Ambroise,  A.  C,  Max.,  Guillaume,  F.  I.  X., 

J.  J.,  &  Louis  A.  D'Entremont;  Louis  B.  &  Denis  Amirault. 
C.  &  Reuben  Goodwin,  Hilaire  D'Entremont. 
Ambroise,  S.  D.,  C.  J.,  A.,  U.  D.,  Ldon,  Etienne,  Hilaire,  & 

Pierre  Duon,  et  al. 
A.  F.  Stoneman  &  Co. 


J22 


SHIP/'/XG   OF   YARMOUTH. 


Shipping  owned  in  the  County  of  Yarroouth.  —  Continued. 


When 
built. 


V'essela'  Namei . 


1865  Benjamin  Killam 

1877  Brenton    . 

1873  I  Brisk   .     . 

1883  j  Byron  .     . 

1876  ;  Chlorus     . 

1883  Circassian 

1880  I  Coral  Leaf 


188s 
1870 


Coup  d'Etat 
Diploma  . 


i86a     E   L.  Perkins 
1884     E'  Raymond 
1884  :  Edith  A.  .     . 


1870 


Electric  Flash 
Emma  S.  .     . 


18R4     Ethel    .     . 
1878     Etta     .     . 
1885     Eva  Mac  . 
1877  I  Florence  B.  Parr 
1885     Fly  .     .     .     . 
1868  I  Forest  Flower 

i 
1875     Gipsey      .     . 
1885     Guide  .     .     . 
1883      Harry  Lewis 
1885      Hatlie  Emeline 

1883  j  Hazel  Dell    . 

1884  j  Hazel*Glen    . 


1879 

Ida  Peters     . 

1880 

Index  .     .     . 

1877 

J.  D.  Payson 

1877 

J.  M.  Manning 

1859 

J.  W.  Kinney 

1884 

Jacques     .     . 

Jessie  May    . 

1869 

Jonathan  .     . 

1849 

Josephine 

1883 

Kathleen  .     . 

1874 

Kelso   .     .     . 

1884 

King&>her     . 

1885 

Komaroflr .    . 

188a 

Lennie      .    . 

Ton- 
nage. 


Owners'  Names;  Captains  in  Italics. 


I 


54 
70 
68 

"4 

57 
"5 
68 

ti 

83 


50 


"7 
107 

19 
90 

15 
40 


38 

III 

II 

87 

97 

3» 
«7 
41 
56 
5a 

S8 
»4 
53 

19 

"7 
III 

47 
10 

99 


Hnrvey  k.  R.  Perry,  C.  O'Brien. 

Parker,  Eakms,  &  Co. 

Simon,  Isaac,  Josue,  Ambroisc,  Jean  B.,  &  Joseph  L.  D'Entre- 

mont:   Simon,  A.,  L.,  &  J.  I,.  Le  Blanc. 
Byron  Mines. 

A.  F.  Stonem.in  &  Co. 

William  Ryder,  Benjamin  Hines,  James  &  Jeremiah  Gayton. 

George  B.,  J.  J.,  C.  E.,  Ji.  Harvey  Goodwin;  Isaac  Van  Era- 
burg,  Hezekiah  Smith. 

Mathurin  D'Entremont. 

Louis,  Simon,  Fran(;ois,  &  Zacharle  Duon;  P.  Le  Blanc; 
Michel,  I'lacide,  Nicolas,  Hilaire,  Louis  C,  Gervais,  V.,  & 
Ix>uis  B.  D'Entremont;  S.  Surette. 

A.  F.  St'jneman  &  Co. 

I  Robert  S.  Eakins. 

I  George    D.,   Henri    F.,   Louis    M.,  &   Simon   D'Entremont; 
Mac,  Theodore,  Cesar,  Michel,  &  Alfred  Amirault;  James 

I      Archer. 

Marc,  Cyriaque,  &Josu^  Amirault:  Geo.  D.,  F.J  ,  David,  Ger- 
vais, Patrice.  Leon  A  ,  Guill.tume,  &  Louis  A.  D'Entremont. 

Benjamin  &  Maximin  Le  Blanc,  James  M.  Davis,  J.  H. 
Churchill,  James  Nickerson,  Geoige  £.  Bales, 

Jeremie  H.  Pothier  &  Co. 

Hatfield,  Kinney,  &  Co. 

James  MacCarthy. 

Parker,  Eakins,  &  Co. 
i  Solon  &  Remi  Heb^rt,  Simon  Le  Blanc. 

Jacob  Daley,  R.  Hines,  Isaac  Van  Emburg;  J.  H.,  Thomas, 
George  B.,  &  Caleb  Goodwin. 

Powell  &  Ellis. 

Hatfield,  Kinney,  &  Co. 

Henry  &  Nathan  B.  Lewis. 

Pierre  V.  Amirault. 

C.  VV.  Larkm,  S.  L. 
&  P.  Belliveau. 

C.  W.  Larkin,  S.  L. 
Amirault. 

Parker,  Eakins,  &  Co.  ':> 

Samuel  C.  Hood,  Thomas  Guest. 

George  W.  &  A.  B.  Corning,  J.  H.  Crosby. 

Hatfield,  Kinney,  &  Co. 

J.  M.  Davis,  Arthur  Morgan,  W.  W.  Crosby,  A.  IV.  Mac- 
Ki.-non. 

Hatfield,  Kinney,  &  Co. 

Arthur  E.  Allan. 

Guillaume,  C.  T.,  C.  D.,  C.  H.,  R.  D.,  T.,  &  L<!on  D'Entremont; 
Alexandre  &  S.  G.  Amirault. 

Reuben  Gardner. 

Benjamin  Hilton,  Genrge  E.  &  H.  B.  Cann,  George  K.  Trefry. 

Jeremie  L.  Pothier  &  Co. 

A.  F.  Stoneman  ft  Co. 

James  M.  Davis. 

George  Crosby. 


,  Oliver;   A.  R.,  F.,  &  E.  D.  Le  Blanc;  J. 
,  Oliver,  E.  B.  Goodwin,  Marc  A.  &  Martin 


SHirriNG   OF    YARMOUTH. 


223 


Shipping  owned  in  the  County  of  Yarmouth.  —  Continutd. 


Wh«B 
buUt. 

Vcfiels'  Namei. 

Ton- 
nage. 

Owners'  Names;  Captains  in  Italics. 

1870 

Lizzie  

"4 

D.  M.  Spinney,  William  Kinney. 

1883  1  Lloyd 

«3 

T.  Corning,  J.  H.  Harris,  Henjamin  Gullison, 

1883  1  Ultie  W.  Fair6eld     . 

.64 

Jacob  \'    B.  Hingay. 

1881 

Louisie 

85 

Jeremie  H.  Pothier  &  Co.,  /sattc  GeodtuiM. 

1876 

Lucretia  Jane    .    .    . 

87 

Hatfield,  Kinney,  &  Co. 

1 88a 

Lumea      

30 

Jeremie  H.  Pothier  &  Co. 

1866 

Lydia  Ryder     .    .    . 

59 

Andrrf  L.,  Uuis  P.,  S.  P.,  Hilaire,  A.,  Jean  J.,  Frederic,  &  F 
1.  X.  D'Entremont;  A.  Gaudet. 

1874 

Lynx 

59 

Hatfield,  Kinney,  &  Co.,  Isaac  Goodwin. 

i88s 

M.  A.  \jo\x\%      .    .    . 

63 

Augustin,  R  ,  Zacharie,  ChaiVs  I).,  Cyri.-ique,  Lrfon,  Francois, 
Anselme,  Sylvain,  Ambroise,  Nicolas,  Zcph.,&  Hilaire  Duon: 
Marc  A.  &  L.  Surette;  Mathurin  D'Entremont. 

1885 

Mabel  R.  H.     ... 

37 

Timothy  &  W.  A.  Powell. 

1883 

Maggie  Jane      .    .    . 

13 

Abram  &  Henry  Thurston,  George  Wyman. 

1877 

Mai  (land 

44 

Henry  &  Nathan  B.  Lewis. 

1869 

Manzanilla    .... 

50 

.\ndr^,  Isaac,  F.  X.,  S.  P.,  Arch.,  D.,  R^mi,  &  Ambroise 
D'Entrer.ionf,  D.  L.  St  Uenis  Amirault. 

1883 

Maria 

109 

Byron  Hires,  Daniel  Ryder. 

1878 

Mary  F 

»7 

Parker,  Eakins,  &  Co. 

1867 

Mary  Jane    .... 

79 

Henry  Crowell,  Comfort  Clements,  Estate  William  Winter. 

1885 

MaryO'Dell      .    .    . 

13 

Lion  V    Amirault. 

1877 

Merino 

46 

Raymond,  J.  E  ,  P.  A.,  Leon  V.,  Anselme,  M.,  &  J.  Amirau  t; 
P.  &  L.  U  Blanc,  P.  Belliveau,  Louis  M.  D'Entremont,  et  at. 

Meteor 

37 

Benjamin  Davis. 

1868 

Montebello    .... 

9'i 

Parker,  Eakins,  &  Co. 

1876 

Mystic 

79 

P.  H.  Durkee,  J.  M.  Davis,  £./.  Lariin.  W.  J.  Hatfield. 

1877 

Nokomis 

67 

Hatfield,  Kinney,  &  Co. 

187a 

Olika 

.■56 

Jeremie  H.  Pothier  &  Co. 

1884 

Onyx 

138 

Parker,  Eakins,  &  Co. 

1883 

Opal 

97 

Parker,  F.akins,  &  Co. 

18C6 

Pandora 

57 

A.  F.  Stoncman  &  Co. 

187a 

Pigeon      

33 

Hatfield,  Kinney,  &  Co.;  Mathurin,  Theo.,  J.  F.,  F.,  and  M. 
Cothereau. 

1877 

Proditor 

53 

Louis  &  Isaac  D'Entremont;  Nicolas,  Zacharie,  Pierre,  Louis 
R.,C.  J,  S.,&  Michel  Duon. 

1877 

Regina 

57 

Jere.,  .S.  P.,.\rchange,  Isaac,  David, &  Ambroise  D'Entremont; 
Louis  B.  &  David  Amirault. 

1876 

River  Rose   .... 

53 

George,  Anselme,  Luc,  &  C.  M.  Boudreau;  Maximin  Le  Blanc, 
M.  Pothier. 

1882 

Roseneath     .... 

110 

Byron  Nines. 

1884 

Rowdy     

16 

D.  A.  &  Joseph  Roberts.                                   -T 

1884 

S.  A.  Crowell    .    .    . 

'3 

Luc  Le  Blanc  ;/ (i/.                                      .  :j*  ;;i%j^.    .  ^  V:,      ,. .. 

1877 

Safe 

35 

Hatfield,  Kinney,  &  Co. 

1869 

Salvador 

54 

Lion,  Ambroise,  Sylvain,  Augustin,  Pierre,  J.,  Z.,  Hilaire, 
Francois,  &  Michel  Duon;  Michel  Bourque,  Mathurin  D'En- 
tremont. 

1884 

Sanford 

20 

Ab'am  Thurston. 

.876 

Sarah  J.  Killam     .    . 

5« 

A.  F.  Sioneman  &  Co. 

1878 

Sea  Foam      .... 

75 

Jeremie  H.  Pothier  &  Co. 

1868 

Serene      

52 

Louis,  D.,  Andri,  &  Simon  Le  6'anc;   Joseph  J.,  Jacques, 

, 

Marc,  Mandi,  &  J.  Amirault;  George  David  D'Entremont. 

18S3 

Sigefroi 

40 

Jeremie  H.  Pothier  &  Co. 

.883 

Sisters      

15 

Robert  N.  Crowell. 

224 


SHlP-AfASTERS. 


Shipping  owned  in  the  County  of  Yarmouth.  —  Concluded. 


WiMa 

Ton- 

btiili. 

Vetsclf'  Namei. 

nage. 
«S 

Owners'  Names:  Capuint  in  Italica. 

1M5 

Stranger 

C  N.  Nickerson. 

1876 

Temple  Bar  .    .    .    . 

47 

C.  C,  Ktienne,  A.,  &  S.  Duon,  T.,  C.  V.,  J.,  &  A.  Amirault; 
Louis  1'.  &  (juillaume  D'Enlremont. 

»879 

TlUnia 

S*  1  Hatfield,  Kinney,  &  (Jo. 

i88s 

Uncle  Sam    .... 

9S  1  George   D.,  Henri   K..  &  J.   B.  J.  D'Enlremont;    M.  &  A. 
1       Amirault;    Frederic,  Louis  F,,  &  Joseph  \x  Klanc. 

1876 

Vanguard     .... 

47 

M.,  M.  v.,  r.  W  ,  &  Louis  A.  D'Entremont;  P.  J.,  T.,  C.  V., 
&  J.  Amirault,  it  al. 

•8«9 

Velocipede    .... 

67 

Thomas  Goodwin. 

1877 

Village  lielle     .     .     . 

40 

James  Lennox. 

1879 

Vivid 

43 

Parker,  Eakins,  &  Co 

1871 

W.  E,  Wier  .... 

4t 

A.  K.  Sioneman  &  Co. 

187a 

Water  Lily    .... 

7» 

Hatfield,  Kinney,  &  Co. 

1867 

West  Point   .... 

38 

A.  F.  Stoneman  &  Co. 

1873 

Wide  Awake     .     .    . 

77 

A.  F.  Stoneman  &  Co. 

1883 

WiUieM 

»4 

Jo»iah  Ellis. 

1876 

Will  o' the  Wisp    .     . 

4« 

Julien,  Gervais,  Isidore,  Rdmi,  Francois,  Placide,  Theodore,  A. 
M.,  Louis,  &  U.iac  IVEntremont;  James  Murphy,  Cyriaque 
Amirault. 

-Ma 

Winnie  L 

99 

Hatfield,  Kinney,  &  Co. 

i8r3 

Yarmouth  Packet  .     . 

76 

Wilson  t;.  Sims. 

186; 

Young  Scotland     .     . 

47 

Jeremie  H.  Pothier  &  Co.,  J.  F.  &  Henri  Polhier,  Andrd  Le 
Blanc. 

9  Steamers 1,425  tons. 

SI  Ships 67,445      " 

44  Barks 40,461       " 

I  Barkentine 488      " 

II  Brigantines 2,186      " 

113  Schooners 6,624      " 

229  Vessels 118,629  tons. 


SHIP-MASTERS.  • 

The  frequent  recurrence  of  familiar  names  in  these  shipping  statisti'  s, 
reminds  one  of  the  many  ship-masters  some  of  the  old  families  have 
produced,  —  a  few  instances  of  which  may  not  inappropriately  close  this 
chapter. 

Capt.  James  Kelley,  sen.,  was  one  of  Yarmouth's  earliest  ship-masters  ;  and 
Mr.  Lawson's  "Record"  tells  us,  that  when  he  first  came  to  Chebogue,  in  1765,  he 
■"brought  a  shallop  "with  him.  apt.  Kelley  was  a  prominent  magistrate  and  an 
influential  citizen.  He  was  known  in  later  life  as  "the  Judge,"  a  title  gained  from 
the   respect  and   deference   paid  to  his  judicial  decisions.    The  public  spirit  for 


S/ff/'-Af/ISTE/HS.  225 

which  he  was  distinguished,  has  been  displayed  in  his  descendants ;  so  we  find 
among  our  municipal  councillors  of  1886,  four  of  his  great-grandsons,  —  Abram  M. 
Hatfield,  Nathan  U.  Lewis,  James  E.  Allen,  and  Robert  Kelley  Rose. 

Capt.  James  Kelley  had  five  sons,  four  of  whom  were  ship-masters, — James, 
Samuel,  Robert,  and  Israel :  the  other,  Jacob,  was  a  worthy  magistrate. 

Capt.  James  Kelley  2d  had  two  sons  ship-masters,  —  James  and  Silas  C  ;  and 
a  third  son,  John,  was  the  father  of  Capts.  Edward  and  Henry  Kelley. 

Capt.  Silas  C.  Kelley  had  three  sons  ship-masters;  viz.,  Silas,  Jacob,  and 
Thomas  K.  Kelley. 

Capt.  Samuel  Kelley,  sen.,  had  three  sons  Sihip-masters, —  Samuel,  Daniel,  and 
John  D.     Capt.  Cereno  J.  Kelley  is  the  son  of  John  D.  Kelley. 

Capt.  Robert  Kelley  had  two  sons  ship-masters,  —  Charles  William  and  Robert 
M.  Two  of  his  grandsons  are  Capt.  Robert  K.  Kelley,  son  of  Charles  W.;  and 
Capt.  Albert,  son  of  James  Kelley. 

Capt.  Israel  Kelley  had  three  sons  shift-masters,  —  George,  Charles,  and  William 
T.  Kelley;  and  Capt.  Ambrose  I).  Kelley,  the  son  of  Ambrose,  makes  up  a  total 
of  twenty-four.  And  still  the  story  is  not  half  told;  for  among  the  Capts.  Hilton, 
Clements,  Crosby,  Hatfield,  Hammond,  Phillips,  Lewis,  Rose,  and  MacCormack, 
we  find  m.iny  descendants  of  C:pt.  James  Kelley,  sen. 

1.  Capt.  Amos  Hilton  also  "brought  a  shallop"  with  him  to  Chebogue  in  1765. 

2.  Capts.  Thomas,  Amos,  Henry,  David,  and  Jacob  Hilton  were  his  sons. 

3.  Capts.  Stephen  and  Nathan  were  sons  of  Thomas.  Capts.  Cornelius, 
Henry  2d,  Israel,  and  Stilson  2d,  were  sons  of  Amos  2d.  Capts.  John  and  Henry  3d 
were  sons  of  Henry  ist.  Jacob  and  John  2d  were  sons  of  Jacob  ist.  Capts.  Joseph 
and  David  were  sons  of  David  ist. 

4.  Capts.  John,  Edward  F.,  Cornelius,  and  Calvin  were  sons  of  Cornelius  ist. 
Capts.  John  R.  and  William  Henry  were  sons  of  Henry  2d.  Capts.  Stilson  R.  and 
Bradford  R.  were  sons  of  Stilson  2d.  Capts  Benjamin,  Edmund,  and  Sylvanus 
were  sons  of  John  ist.  Capt.  Malcolm  was  son  of  Henry  3d.  Capts.  Edward  and 
Jacob  were  sons  of  Taco'.<  2d. 

5.  Capt.  David  Hilton  was  son  of  David  2d.  Capt.  Amos  D.  Hilton  was  son 
of  Wentworth.    Capt.  Henry  Hilton  was  son  of  Henry. 

1.  Comfort  Haley,  sen.,  does  not  appear  to  have  been  himself  a  seafaring 
man.  He  seems  to  have  directed  his  attention  rather  to  providing  quarterdecks 
for  his  neighbors'  sons  as  well  as  his  own,  for  his  record  as  a  ship-owner  at 
Chebogue  uutruns  that  of  his  contemporaries. 

2.  His  sons,  Oliver,  Comfort,  Jeremiah,  and  Malachi,  were  shipmasters. 

3.  Capts.  S^mupi  .».  .;  Oliver  Ha'ey  were  sons  of  Comfort  2d.  Capts.  Ezra, 
Henry,  Allen,  and  Thomas  were  sons  of  Jeremiah.  Capts.  Amos  D.,  Jos^eph,  and 
Robert  were  sons  of  Joseph.  Capts.  Gilbert  C.  and  William  V.  Haley  were  sons 
'<i  John. 


226  SHlP-AfASTERS. 

Scott.  —  i.  Capts.  Caleb,  John  C,  Ebenezer,  Edwards,  and  Amos  H.  Scott, 
were  sons  of  John,  the  eldest  son  of  the  Rev.  Jonathan  Scott. 

2.  Capts.  Amos,  Henry,  and  Joseph  Scott,  were  sons  of  Amos  H.  Capts.  John 
and  Leman  Scott  were  sons  of  Ebenezer.  Capts.  John  C.  and  Jacob  Scott  were 
sons  of  John  C.  ist.  Capt.  Ebenezer  Scott  2d  (harbor-master),  son  of  Edwards. 
Capt.  James  Flavel  Scott,  son  of  John  F. 

3.  Commodore  James  F.  Scott,  son  of  James  F.  Capt.  Franklin  Scott,  son  of 
Ebenezer  2d.    Capt.  Ellery  S.  and  James  Scott,  sons  of  Amos  2d. 

RoBBiNS.  —  I.  Capts.  Benjamin,  Lemuel,  Ira,  and  James  Robbins  4th. 

2.  Capts.  Benjamin  and  Evelyn  Robbins,  sons  of  Benjamin.  Capts.  Benjamin 
D.,  Lyman  J.,  and  Ira  Robbins,  sons  of  Ira.  Capt.  Lemuel  Robbins,  son  of  Lemuel. 
Capts.  Samuel  B.  and  John  M.  Robbins,  sons  of  James  4th. 

3.  Capts.  Raymond,  Byron,  Jacob,  and  Evelyn  Robbins,  sons  of  Asa.  Capt. 
Alvin  Robbins,  son  of  Chandler.  Capts.  Prince  H.,  Charles,  and  Peter  Rc'',i>ins, 
sons  of  Samuel,  sen. 

1.  Capt.  Thomas  Perry,  son  of  Thomas  and  Elizabeth  Perry,  was  born  in 
1779,  and  in  1S03  was  lost  at  oea.  Capts.  Ebenezer  and  John  Perry,  sons  of 
John  1st. 

2.  Capt.  Nathaniel  Perry  2d,  son  of  Nathaniel.  Capt.  Edward  Perry,  son  of 
Capt.  Thomas.  Capt.  Ebenezer  Perry  2d,  son  of  Ebenezer.  Capt.  John  Perry, 
son  of  John.    Capt.  Leonard  Perry,  son  of  Elisha. 

3.  Capts.  Thomas,  Nathan  K.,  Edward  S.,  Robert  C,  Wentworth  K.,  and 
Prince  W.  Perry,  sons  of  Edward.  Capts.  Nathaniel  3d,  Samuel,  Ja^.e.-,  Jonathan, 
an(^  Charles  W.  Perry,  sons  of  Nathaniel  2d.  Capt  Thomas  J.  Perry,  son  of 
Joseph.     Capts.   Eleazer  and   Thomas    Perry,  sons   of  John  (Chebogue).      Capt 

.Ve)  irgton  Perry,  son  of  Thomas.  Capt.  Harvey  Perry,  son  of  John  (B.  River). 
Capt.  Samuel  Perry,  son  of  Cyrus.  Capt.  George  W.  Perry,  son  of  Elias.  Capt 
George  H.  Perry,  son  of  Rufus.    Capt.  John  G.  Perry,  son  of  Robert. 

4.  Capt.  Frank  Perry,  son  of  Nathan  K.  Capt.  George  H.  Perry,  son  of 
George  H. 

Capt,  Ephraim  Cooke  commanded  the  Baltimore  of  411  tons,  one  of  the 
thirteen  s'iips  which  accompanied  Gov.  Cornwallis  in  the  sloop-ot-war  Sphinx,  and 
brought  out  the  colonists  to  Halifax  in  June,  1749.  The  cen^i  •»  m^kes  him  a  resi- 
dent of  Halifax  in  1752,  with  a  household  of  sixteen.  He  was  e'.  idently  a  man  of 
means,  for  he  spent  some  thousands  of  pounds  in  improving  the  lands  set  apart  for 
him  at  Halifax.  He  was  as  well  a  man  of  spirit,  for  it  is  recorded  that  he  "  insulted 
the  judges  of  the  Inferio'-  Court,"  as  many  other  men  were  provoked  to  do  in  those 
days  :  and  when  Gov.  Cornwallis  took  sides  with  the  court,  Capt.  Cooke  abandoned 
his  property  at  Halifax  ;  and  in  1754  he  went  to  Mahone  Bay,  and  commenced  a 


SHIP-MASTERS.  22/ 

settlement  there.     He  built  a  block-house,  put  up  a  saw-mill,  and  built  two  vessels 
with  a  view  to  import  cattle  from  Massachusetts  Bay. 

Capt.  Ephraim  Cooke  was  also  a  humane  man.  In  1755,  having  chartered  his 
vessel,  the  snow  Edward,  to  Messrs.  Apthorp  &  Co.  of  Boston,  the  agents  of  the 
Nova-Scotia  Government,  he  took  on  board  a  number  of  the  exiled  Acadians 
allotted  to  Massachusetts ;  and  as  was  alleged,  having  been  driven  off  the  coast  by 
heavy  north-west  gales,  he  landed  them  in  the  more  hospitable  West  Indies.  He 
claimed  payment  for  the  full  time  the  voyage  occupied,  and  his  claim  was  paid. 
Here  is  a  copy  of  it :  — 

Boston,  Septr.  7th,  1756. 
Messrs.  Apthorp  &  Hancock 

To  Ephm.  Cooke,  Dr. 

To  Hire  of  the  Snow  "  Edvurd,"  myself  masr.,  from  gth  Octr.  1755  to  29th  June  1756,  is  8 
months  &  5*,  burthen  139  tont,  at  •,  f  I.illiijss  sterlg.  p.  Ton,  p.  month,  is  £(>2     11    op.  month. 

£^^^^    2    o 
Deduct  for  Platforms,  Water  Casks,  &c.,  la    2    o 

^^530    o    o 
Errors  excepted. 

JOHN  ROWE,  Attorney  to  Ephm.  Cooke. 


The  Yarmouth  ship-masters  of  the  name  have  been  — 

1.  Capt.  Ephraim  Cook,  who,  about  1762,  settled  on  the  eastern  shore  of 
Chebogue  Harbor;  and  it  seems  quite  likely  that  the  "fort"  .vhich  Mr.  Campbell 
says  he  assisted  his  father  to  build  in  1755,  was  the  block-house  at  Mahone  Bay. 

2.  Capts.  Caleb  and  Manasseh  Cook,  sons  of  Ephraim. 

3.  Capts.  Caleb,  David,  Nehemiah,  and  Amos  Cook,  sons  of  Caleo.  C;pts. 
George,  Francis,  Amos,  and  Enos,  sons  of  Manasseh.  Capts.  Amos  and  Samuel 
Cook,  sons  of  John.    Capts.  Ephraim  and  James  Cook,  sons  of  Ephraim  2d. 

4.  Capts.  Francis  G.,  William  H.,  and  Joseph  Cook,  sons  of  Francis.  Capt. 
Caleb  Cook,  son  of  David.  Capts.  Francis  and  John  Cook,  sons  of  Manasseh  2d. 
Capts.  Zebina  and  James  Cook,  sons  of  James. 

5.  Capt.  William  W.  Cook,  son  of  William. 

1.  Capts.  John  and  Hugh  Cann. 

2.  Capts.  John,  George,  Samuel,  and  Hugh  E.  Cann,  sons  of  John.  Capts. 
Josiah  and  Harvey  Cann,  sons  of  Hugh  ist. 

3.  Capts.  John,  Israel,  James,  Thomas  B.,  and  Joseph  H.  Cann,  sons  of  John 
2d.  Capt.  .Samuel  Cann  2d,  son  of  George.  Capt.  Lyman  E.  Cann,  son  of  Hugh 
E.  Capts.  Lyman,  Hugh,  Angus  W.,  and  Augustus  Cann,  sons  of  Lyman,  sen. 
Capt.  Herbert  H.  Cann,  son  of  Samuel,  sen.  Capt.  William  Cann,  son  of  Josiah. 
Capt.  Charles  Cann,  son  of  Hugh  2d.  Capt.  Harvey  Cann,  son  of  Harvey.  Capts. 
Loran  D.  and  Miner  Cann,  son  of  Loran. 

4.  Capt.  John  Cann,  son  of  John  3d.     Capts.  George  E.  and  Henry  F.  Cann, 


228  SHlP-AfASTERS. 

sons  of  Samuel  2d.  Capts.  Thomas,  Joseph,  and  Albert  Cann,  sons  of  Thomas  B. 
Capt.  Rodolph  Cann.  son  of  Lyman  E.  Capt.  Archibald  Cann,  son  of  Lyman  2d. 
Capt.  George  B.  Cann,  son  of  Joseph  H. 

The  Hatfield  family,  of  whom  something  further  will  be  said  in  the 
next  chapter,  settled  in  Yarmouth  County  a  generation  later  than  the 
others ;  and  we  have  to  place  at  the  head  of  the  list  the  name  of  the  late 

1.  Capt.  John  Van  Norden  Hatfield. 

2.  Capts.  Jacob  K.,  John  Smith,  Samuel  J.,  Abram  M.,  James  M.,  Edward  B  , 
and  George  A.  Hatfield,  sons  of  Jacob  Hatfield  3d.  Capts.  Charles  and  Norman 
B.  Hatfield,  sons  of  Aninony.  Capts.  Thomas  Hardy  and  Nelson  J.  Hatfield,  sons 
of  Samuel,  sen.  Capts.  Stanley  and  Benjamin  H.  Hatfield,  sons  of  James  L. 
Capts.  Jones  and  Enos  Hatfield,  sons  of  Abram.  Capt.  Inglis  Hatfield,  son  of 
William  [Tusket].     Capt.  Frederick  Hatfield,  son  of  Jacob  [Tusket]. 

3.  Capt.  James  Wallace  Hatfield,  son  of  James  C.  Capts.  Jacob  Gorham  and 
Samuel  J.,  sons  of  Jacob  K. 

Of  these  twenty-one  Capts.  Hatfield,  no  less  than  seventeen  belong 
to  one  branch  of  the  family,  being  the  descendants  of  Abram  Marsh  and 
Constance  Hatfield. 

The  following  table  shows  the  shipping  owned  or  registered  at 
Yarmouth  during  the  century  ending  with  1887  ;  the  vessels  having  been 
built  for  the  most  part  in  Yarmouth  County,  or  in  the  adjoining  counties 
of  Digby  or  Shelburne,  for  Yarmouth  owners.  The  statement  is  a 
continuation  of  Mr.  Lawson's  record  for  1884  :  — 

16  steamers 3.^49  tons. 

146  ships 156,180  " 

280  barks 165,897  " 

165  brigs 36,247  " 

19S  brigantines 30,872  " 

1,133  schooners 56,789  " 

18  sloops 807  " 

1,956  vessels .    .    , 450,641  tons. 

Reference  has  already  been  made  to  the  names  given  to  vessels  in 
former  yea"s,  when  the  commerce  of  Yarmouth  was  chiefly  confined  to 
West-Indian,  r  e.v-England,  or  domestic  ports.  More  recently  it  was 
not  uncommon  to  name  a  vessel  for  some  popular  ship-agent  or  mer- 
chant abroad,  or  for  some  member  of  his  family  ;  and  we  therefore  find 


SHIP-AGENTS.  229 

upon  our  books  of  registry  the  names  of  the  following  persons.     Their 
place  of  residence  is  added  ;  — 

1826.  Jean  Hastie Glasgow. 

1S46.  Charles  Walton ' London. 

1847.  CliarUs  McLaiichlan St.  John,  N.B. 

1847.  Louis  A.  Surette Boston. 

1848.  James  H.  Braine New  York. 

1851.  John  G.  Hall Boston. 

1854.  Robert  B.  Minturn New  York. 

1854.  Mary  Leonard St.  John,  N  B. 

1854.  Robert  Leonard St.  John,  N.B. 

1855.  Robert  Hastie     .     .     , Glasgow. 

1856.  Edmiston  Bros Glasgow. 

1856.  Samuel  P.  Musson Barbadoes. 

1556.  Frederick  P.  Ladd Boston. 

1557.  J.  «Sr*  A".  Young Glasgow. 

1859.  A.  Ss'  J.  Fulton Glasgow. 

1859.  Agnes  C.  James New  York. 

1859.  John  Clemens Malaga. 

1859.  Samuel  B.  Johnson Antigua. 

i860.  Alice  V.  Goodhue Salem. 

1561.  Eliza  McLauchlan St.  John,  N.B. 

1861.  Thomas  Whitney Boston. 

1862.  A.  W.  Singleton Glasgow. 

1562.  E.  A.  Souder Philadelphia. 

1862.  Charles  Gtimm London. 

1863.  George  Bell Dublin. 

1863.  Edward  Hincken New  York. 

1864.  James  B.  Duffus Halifa.x. 

'      1864.  Black  Bros Halifax. 

1866.  L.  G.  Biglow Baltimore. 

1865.  E.  H.  Duval Quebec. 

1869.  Herbert  Beech Boston. 

1869.  George  W.  Jones Cardiff. 

1869.  Jerome  Jones Boston. 

1870.  Emily  Lawther Belfast. 

1870.  W.  E.  Heard Newport,  G.B. 

1 87 1.  Lillie  Soullard Savannah. 

187 1.  George  W.  Hunter Boston. 

187 1.  James  R.  Boyd New  York. 

1871.  Charles  F.  Elwell New  York. 

1 87 1.  M.  E.  Coipel Martinique. 

1873.  Herbert  C.  Hall Boston.       . 

1874.  George  Bell Dublin. 

1875.  Walter  D.  Wallet London.         —    «* 

1876.  J.S.Wright Belfast. 

1876.  Bertie  Bigelow Philadelphia. 

1877.  Louise  Coipel Martinique. 

1878.  Mabel  Taylor Boston. 


230  SHIP-AGENTS. 

1880.  Abbie  S.  Hart Boston. 

1881.  Thomas  N.  Hart Boston. 

1881.    Emilie  L.Boyd New  York. 

1883.  Fred.  B.  Taylor Boston. 

1884.  Ellen  A.  Read  .    .    .    .' Newton,  Mass. 

1886.    Louise  M.  Fuller Boston. 

Messrs.  John  G.  Hall  &  Co.  are  the  worthy  successors  of  business- 
houses  on  Chatham  Street,  Boston,  who,  in  the  following  order,  have  been 
agents  for  Yarmouth  merchants  and  ship-owners  for  more  than  fifty 
years :  — 

John  M.  Marston.  Ladd  &  Sargent.  John  G.  Hall  &  Co. 

Ladd  &  Collins.  Ladd  &  Hall. 


CHAPTER   XV. 

The  Loyalists  of  Tiisket  and  Yarmouth.  —  Their  Old  Home  at  Elizabethtown,  N.J. — Its 
Early  History,  and  a  Description  of  the  Territory  about  i6;o.  —  The  Hatfields,  Tookers, 
HaUtead-4,  and  Ogdens  among  the  First  Settlers.  —  Their  Course  at  the  Rebellion  of 
1776. — Sketclies  from  Sabine's  "  History  of  the  Loyalists,"  of  Tunis  Blauvelt,  Gabriel 
Van  Norden,  Robert  Timpany,  Robert  Huston,  Samuel  -Andrews,  James  Lent,  the  Van 
Buskirks,  and  James  Moody.  —  E.xtracts  from  James  Moody's  Narrative.  —  His  Services 
and  Adventures  as  described  by  Others. —  His  View  of  the  Cause  of  the  War. — 
Genealogical  Table  of  some  of  the  Old  Tusket  Families  ;  viz.,  HatfielHs,  Raynards, 
Hurlburts,  Gavels,  Andrews,  Halsteads,  Blauvelts,  Servants,  Lents,  Jefferys,  Van 
Nordens,  and  Tookers,  illustrating  the  Intermarriages  of  Three  Generations. 

ON  Sept.  3,  1609,  Henry  Hudsox,  in  his  two-masted  "  Vlieboat " 
of  eighty  tons,  called  the  Half-Moon,  anchored  at  Sandy  Hook  ; 
and  on  Sept.  6  he  landed  on  the  shores  of  New  Jersey.  His  voyage 
was  originally  designed  for  the  prosecution  of  the  fur-trade  with  the 
Indians;  and  this  trade  was  continued  until  1623,  when  the  Dutch 
undertook  to  plant  colonies  of  agriculturists  in  what  they  called  the 
New  Netherlands.  They  established  military  posts,  around  which 
the  colonists  gathered ;  for  their  relations  with  the  Indians  were  not 
always  friendly, — sometimes,  unhappily,  the  reverse. 

In  165 1  the  Dutch  entered  into  a  treaty  with  the  Indians,  and  tor 
a  small  consideration  secured  the  conveyance  of  that  part  of  New  Jersey 
lying  between  the  Raritan  and  Passaic  Rivers,  and  extending  back 
indefinitely  into  the  country,  as  well  as  of  a  tract  of  land  south  of  the 
Raritan,  and  of  two  more  on  Long  Island. 

Under  the  Cromwellian  rule  (i  649-1 660),  the  colo.:ists  of  New 
England  managed  their  civil  affairs  in  their  own  way ;  making  their  laws, 
appointing  their  magistracy,  and  regulating  their  taxation,  without  any 
objection  from  the  Home  Government.  After  the  restoration  of 
Charles  II.,  in  1660,  apprehensive  of  interference  with  their  privileges 
of  self-government,  some  of  the  English  of  the  New  Haven  and  other 


232  ELIZADETHTOWN,  N.J. 

colonies  made  overtures  to  the  Dutch  for  permission  to  settle  upon  their 
lands  on  Long  Island  and  in  New  Jersey;  and  in  the  spring  of  1661 
"  Their  High  Mightinesses,  the  Dutch  rulers,  issued  a  general  invitation 
to  all  Christian  people  of  tender  conscience,  in  England  or  wherever 
else  oppressed,  to  erect  colonies  anywhere  within  the  jurisdiction  of 
Petrus  SruYVESANT  in  the  West  Indies,  between  New  England  and 
Virginia  in  America." 

But  the  liberal-minded  Peter  was  soon  to  be  dethroned  :  for  in 
August,  1664,  an  expedition  from  England,  under  Col.  Robert  Nicolls, 
cast  anchor  in  the  outer  bay  of  New  Amsterdam,  and  demanded  the 
surrender  of  the  town  ;  and  after  a  ten  days'  negotiation,  conducted  with 
caution  and  courtesy  on  both  sides,  the  Dutch  surrendered  both  fort 
and  town.  New  Amsterdam  became  New  York,  Nicolls  was  proclaimed 
deputy-governor  under  the  Duke  of  York,  and  a  few  weeks  sufficed  to 
bring  the  whole  province  of  New  Netherlands  into  subjection  to  England. 
In  October,  1664,  a  new  treaty  was  made  with  the  Indians  of  New 
Jersey ;  and  three  of  their  chiefs  conveyed  to  Johm  Strickland,  Johm 
Bailey,  Daniel  Denton,  and  their  associates,  among  whom  were 
Maithias  Hatfield,  Charles  Tooker,  Samuel  Marsh,  John  and  David 
Ogden,  and  Henry  Lyon,  sixty-five  in  all,  a  portion  of  New  Jersey,  on 
the  north  side  of  the  Raritan,  46  miles  long  by  1 7  miles  broad,  and 
containing  about  500,000  acres.  In  the  spring  of  1665  a  considerable 
number  of  the  associates  arrived  with  their  wives  and  children  from 
Long  Island,  New  Haven,  and  elsewhere,  and  took  possession  of  their 
new  homes  in  Achter  Koll. 

The  consideration  to  the  Indian  chiefs  for  this  tract  of  land  was 
twenty  fathoms  of  trading-cloth,  two  coats,  two  guns,  two  kettles,  ten 
bars  of  lead,  and  twenty  handfuls  of  powder.  The  original  Dutch 
settlers  who  chose  to  do  so  remained  in  possession  of  their  improve- 
ments ;  and,  as  there  was  ample  room  for  all,  the  new-comers  were 
welcome,  and  general  harmony  prevailed.  • 

In  the  early  summer,  the  colonists  were  again  disturbed  by  the 
intelligence  that  the  Duke  of  York  had  sold  the  territory  west  of 
the  Hudson  River  to  Lord  Berkeley  and  Sir  George  Carteret,  who  had 
sent  out  an  agent  to  confer  with  Gov.  Nicolls  for  the  transfer  to  their 
possession  of  the  newly  created  province. 


DANIEL   DENTON.  233 

In  August,  1665,  there  arrived  at  the  entrance  to  the  creek  upon 
which  they  had  laid  out  their  town,  the  ship  Philip,  having  on  board 
Capt.  Philip  Carteret,  son  of  Sir  George  Carteret,  a  youth  of  twenty-six, 
accompanied  by  his  friends,  some  thirty  altogether.  The  new  proprie- 
tors made  no  attempt  to  disturb  those  whom  they  found  in  possession 
of  the  lands  purchased  from  the  Indians.  Such  sites,  or  lands,  as  they 
desired  to  occupy,  they  in  their  turn  acquired  by  purchase  from  the 
colonists.  Capt.  Philip  Carteret  himself  bought  out  two  of  the  Associates, 
—  John  Bailey  and  Robert  Seeley;  and  the  town  took  its  name  from 
Lady  Elizabeth,  the  wife  of  Sir  George  Carteret,  and  was  called 
Elizabeth  Town. 

At  a  town-meeting  held  in  February,  1666,  it  was  agreed,  with  the 
approbation  of  Gov.  Carteret,  that  the  new  town  should  consist  of  eighty 
families  for  the  present,  with  an  addition  of  twenty  more  afterward  if 
deemed  desirable.  It  was  also  agreed  that  every  inhabitant  should 
have  a  home-lot  of  four  acres,  with  an  additional  two  acres  in  the 
neighborhood. 

Daniel  Denton,  one  of  the  Associates,  writing  about  this  time,  thus 
describes  the  territory  where  this  happy  colony  had  just  been  so  auspi- 
ciously established ;  and  this  was  the  territory  then  occupied  by  the 
ancestors  of  many  of  the  first  settlers  on  the  Tuskct  River,  from  which, 
owing  to  their  loyalty  to  their  sovereign,  and  their  attachment  to  British 
institutions,  they  became  expatriated  by  the  first  American  Rebellion. 

Says  Mr.  Denton,  "  I  may  say,  and  very  truly,  that  if  there  be  any 
terrestrial  happiness  to  be  had  by  people  of  all  ranks,  especially  of  an 
inferior  rank,  it  must  certainly  be  here.  Here  any  one  may  furnish  him- 
self with  land,  and  live  rent  free,  yea,  with  such  a  quanfity  of  land  that 
he  may  weary  himself  with  walking  over  his  fields  of  corn  and  all  sorts 
of  grain ;  and  let  his  stock  of  cattle  amount  to  some  hundreds,  he  need 
not  fear  their  want  of  pasture  in  the  summer,  or  fodder  in  the  winter, 
the  woods  affording  sufficient  supply,  .       . 

"  For  in  the  summer  season  you  have  grass  as  high  as  a  man's  knee, 
nay,  as  high  as  his  waist,  interlaced  with  pea-vines  and  other  weeds  ihat 
cattle  most  delight  in,  as  much  as  a  man  can  press  through  ;  and  these 
woods  also,  every  mile  or  half  a  mile,  are  furnished  with  fresh  ponds, 
brooks,  or  rivers,  where  all  sorts  of  cattle,  during  the  heat  of  the  day, 


234  JOHN  STRICKLAND. 

do  quench  their  thirst,  and  cool  themselves,  these  brooks  and  rivers 
being  environed  on  each  side  with  several  sorts  of  trees  and  grape-vines. 
The  vines,  arbor-like,  interchanging  places,  and  crossing  the  rivers,  do 
shade  and  shelter  them  from  the  scorching  beams  of  Sol's  fiery  influence. 

"And  how  prodigal,  if  I  may  so  say,  hath  nature  been  to  furnish" the 
country  with  all  sorts  of  wild  beasts  and  fowl,  which  every  one  hath  an 
interest  in,  and  may  hunt  at  his  pleasure :  where,  besides  the  pleasure 
in  hunting,  he  may  furnish  his  house  with  excellent  fat  venison,  turkeyr,, 
geese,  heath-hens,  cranes,  swans,  ducks,  pigeons,  and  the  like ;  and, 
wearied  with  that,  ne  may  go  a-fishing  wher  j  the  rivers  are  so  furnished 
that  he  may  supply  himself  with  fish  before  he  can  leave  off  the  recrea- 
tion :  where,  besides  the  sweetness  of  the  air,  the  country  itself  sends 
forth  such  a  fragrance  that  it  may  be  perceived  at  sea  before  they  can 
make  the  land  :  where  no  evil  fog  nor  vapor  doth  no  sooner  appear, 
but  a  north-west  or  a  westerly  wind  doth  immediately  dissolve  it,  and 
drive  it  away.  I  must  needs  say,  that  if  there  be  any  terrestrial  Canaan, 
'tis  surely  here,  where  the  land  floweth  with  milk  and  honey." 

Daniel  Denton  was  a  son  of  Rev.  Richard  Denton  of  Yorkshire, 
England,  who  was  at  Watertown,  Mass.,  in  1634  ;  at  Wethersfield,  Conn., 
in  1635  5  ^t  Stamford,  in  1641  ;  and  at  Hempstead,  L.I.,  in  1644,  having 
been  the  first  minister  of  each  of  the  last  three  towns.  His  two  sons, 
Daniel  and  Nathaniel,  were  among  the  first  settlers  of  Jamaica,  L.I.,  in 
1656.  Daniel  was  the  first  town  clerk;  taught  school,  practised  medi- 
cine, and  served  as  justice  of  the  peace.  He  wrote  "  A  Brief  Descrip- 
tion of  New  York,"  published  at  London  in  1670,  the  first  printed  work 
on  the  subject  in  the  English  language. 

John  Strickland  was  one  of  the  first  applicants  to  the  Dutch 
authorities  for  permission  to  join  their  colonies  on  Long  Island  ar  .  m 
New  Jersey.  He  came  over,  in  1630,  with  VVinthrop's  colony.  He 
was  a  member  of  a  church  at  Watertown,  Mass.;  and,  about  1635,  he 
removed  to  Wethersfield,  Conn.  In  1644  lie,  with  a  number  of  others, 
settled  at  Hempstead,  L.I.  In  1663  he  was  a  freeholder  at  Jamaica, 
L.I.,  and,  in  1666,  a  grantee  of  Huntingtor,  L.I.  'i 

John  Ogden  was  one  of  the  first  to  remove  to  the  new  purchase  in 
New  Jersey,  and  erect  a  dwelling  on  the  town-plot.  He  had  five  sons, 
—  John,  Jonathan,  David,  Joseph,  and  Benjamin. 


MATTHIAS  HATFIELD.  235 

Mahhias  Hatfield  was  a  weaver,  a  handicraft  in  great  request  at 
that  day;  and,  in  1644,  he  went  to  Elizabeth  Town  from  New  Haven, 
where  he  had  taken  the  oath  of  fidelity,  May  i,  1660.  He  is  supposed 
to  have  been  the  son  of  Thomas  Hatfield  of  Leyden,  Holland,  a  mem- 
ber of  John  Robinson's  church,  and  a  native  of  Yorkshire,  England. 
Thomas  Hatfield,  who  settled  about  the  same  time  at  Mamaroneck, 
N.Y.,  was  probably  his  brother.  His  house-lot  at  Elizabeth  Town  con- 
tained 5  acres.  He  had  also  22  acres  of  upland  "  in  a  triangle  ;  "  12 
acres  of  upland  opposite  Gov.  Carteret's;  112  acres  of  upland  on  the 
"  two-mile  brook ;  "  40  acres  of  upland  towards  the  west  branch  of 
Elizabeth-Town  River;  14  acres  of  meadow  at  Rawack,  and  3  acres 
at  Town  Creek,  —  in  all  208  acres.  He  was  a  boatman  as  well  as  a 
weaver,  and  seems  to  have  been  a  man  of  considerable  means.  "  For 
1,200  guilders  (a  large  sum  in  those  days)  he  purchased  of  Abraham 
Lubberson  his  dwelling-house  and  home-lot,  with  all  other  accommoda- 
tions belonging  to  said  first  lot,  within  the  bounds  of  Elizabeth  Town, 
both  upland  and  meadow." 

Matthias  Hatfield  was  the  original  owner  of  the  land  on  which  the 
First  Presbyterian  Church  stands,  and  is  entitled  to  the  credit  of  having 
given  it  to  the  town  for  a  church  and  burial-place.  He  died  in  1687  ; 
his  wife  Maria  (of  Dutch  nativ  ry),  and  three  sons,  Isaac,  Abraham,  and 
Cornelius,  surviving  him,  of  whom  more  hereafter.  It  is  not  known, 
though  it  is  quite  probable,  that  he  left  daughters  also. 

Charles  Tooker  came  from  England  with  a  family  named  Mitchell, 
whose  only  daughter,  Marv,  he  married.  He  lived  first  in  the  vicinity 
of  Boston,  Mass.  As  early  as  1655  he  resided  at  Southold,  L.I.,  and 
was  made  a  freeman  of  Southold  in  1662,  whence  he  removed  to 
Elizabeth  Town,  and  was  one  of  the  Associates  in  the  grant  from  the 
Indian  chiefs.  He  had  a  house-lot  of  8  acres  ;  2 1  acres  of  meadow  on 
Thompson's  Creek  and  adjoining  the  Great  Island ;  69  acres  on  Two- 
mile  Brook,  and  a  parcel  of  land  called  "  Peach-Garden  Hill,"  contain- 
ing 86  acres,  —  in  all  184  acres.  His  son  Charles  had  three  sons, 
Joseph,  John,  and  Jacob.  John,  in  1776,  was  member  of  the  common 
council,  and  afterward  alderman,  of  Elizabeth  To\vn.  He  took  the 
American  side,  and  was  taken  prisoner  by  the  British  in  1781.  David 
Hatfield,  an  elder  of  the  Rahway  Church,  was  his  companion  in 
captivity  for  a  like  reason. 


2$6  JACOB   TOOKER. 

Joseph  Tooker,  son  of  Charles  2d,  married  Mary  Ogden,  and  had 
six  children,  —  Jacob  2d,  Mary,  Joseph  2d,  Charles,  John,  and  Ahner. 
Mary  married  the  only  son  of  Gen.  Hurd,  and  went  to  England  ;  but 
after  some  years  they  returned,  and  settled  at  Goshen,  N.Y.  Joseph 
Tooker  2d  had  one  son,  Joseph  P.,  who  was  a  flour-merchant  in  New 
York,  and  died  there  in  1839. 

Jacob  TooKt.i  ad  was  born  in  1740.  He  married  Margery,  the 
great-great- o'randdaughter  of  Matthias  Hatfield.  In  the  fall  of  1783, 
M:.  looker,  with  his  family,  came  from  Elizabeth  Town  to  Shelburne, 
removing  to  Tuskct  the  next  spring,  where  he  lived  a  few  years,  engaged 
in  farming  and  ship-building,  and  then  came  to  Yarmouth,  where  he 
died  in  1827.  Jacob  Tooker  and  his  son-in-law,  Dennis  Van  Toyle, 
were  the  first  English  settlers  at  Tusket,  where  they  built  for  themselves 
houses  during  the  summer  of  1784. 

In  1695,  Isaac,  Cornelius,  and  Abraham  Hatfield,  sons  of  Matthias, 
were  admitted  Associates  in  the  land-grant  of  Elizabeth  Town.  Elder 
Isaac  Hatfield,  son  of  Isaac,  was  in  1772  trustee  of  the  First  Presby- 
terian Church.'  In  1749,  Hon.  Abraham  Clark,  high  sheriff  of  Essex 
County,  married  Sarah,  eldest  daughter  of  Isaac  Hatfield.  Mr.  Clark 
was  one  of  the  signers  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence.  He  was 
member  of  Congress,  1 776-1 778  and  1 780-1 788.  He  died  in  1794, 
aged  sixty-eight.  The  Chevalier  Jou^t,  of  an  old  Huguenot  family  of 
New  Jersey,  married  another  daughter  of  Isaac  Hatfield. 

In  T699,  Cornelius  and  Abraham  Hatfield,  and  sixty-three  others  of 
Elizabeth  Town,  petitioned  the  king  to  be  placed  under  the  civil 
government  of  New  York.  In  the  same  year,  Cornelius  was  appointed 
one  of  a  committee  of  six  to  survey  and  divide  all  the  lands  among  the 
parties  interested.     ■  - '"        ■  ,      ^  /'    •    • 

In  1740,  Cornelius  Hatfield  was  appointed  overseer  of  the  poor, 
and  trustee  of  the  First  Presbyterian  Church.  In  1755  he  was  a  witness 
to  the  will  of  Gov.  Belcher,  who  died  in  1757.  In  1752,  Cornelius 
Hatfield  advertised  for  sale  "  a  likely  parcel  of  negro  boys  and  girls, 
twelve  to  twenty  years  of  age."  In  1762  he  offered  to  lease  "his 
dwelling-house  at  Elizabeth  Town,  two  stories,  six  rooms  on  each  floor, 
seven  fireplaces,  good  cellar,  large  kitchen,  good  garden  and  young 
orchard,  with  six  acres  of  land.     The  whole  very  pleasantly  situated  in 


JOHN  HALSTEAD.  2^7 

the  town."     At  the  same  time  he  offered  for  sale  a  lot  of  dry  goods, 
ironmongery,  and  cutlery. 

In  1729,  Maithias  Hatfield  ad,  son  of  Abraham,  and  grandson  of 
Matthias  1st,  was  admitted  Associate  in  the  land-giant.  In  1738  his 
name  appears  in  a  petition  to  the  king  for  a  town  charier,  which  was 
granted,  and  Matthias  was  named  in  it  as  one  of  the  aldermen.  He 
was  appointed  one  of  the  magistrates  of  the  town,  and  afterward  high 
sheriff.  His  daughter  Phuibe  married  Robert  Ogden,  and  their  sons 
were  Gen.  Matthias  Ogden  and  (jOv.  Aaron  Ogden.  One  of  their 
descendants  was  Gov.  Daniel  Haines.  In  1 734,  Matthias  Hatfield  2d 
was  an  elder  of  the  Presbyterian  Church  ;  in  1 743  he  was  a  delegate  to 
England  to  present  a  petition  to  the  king;  in  1751  he  removed  Gov. 
Belcher  with  his  effects  from  New  York  to  Elizabeth  Town  "  in  three 
small  sloops;"  in  1755  he  was  one  of  the  witnesses  to  Gov.  Belcher's 
will. 

In  "The  History  of  Elizabeth  Town,"  published  in  1868  by  the 
Rev.  Edwin  B.  Hatfield,  D.D.,  a  Presbyterian  clergyman  of  New  York, 
who  died  in  1883,  and  whose  book  forms  the  groundwork  for  this  sketch 
of  the  progenitors  of  some  of  the  early  settlers  of  Tusket,  Matthias 
Hatfield  2d  is  styled  "  that  incorruptible  patriot." 

Timothy  Edwards,  son  of  Rev.  Jonathan  Edwards,  and  whose  sister 
was  the  mother  of  Aaron  Burr,  married  Rhoda  Ogden,  granddaughter 
of  Matthias  Hatfield  2d.  He  was  deacon  of  the  First  Presbyterian 
Church  in  1774;  and,  in  1783,  "the  venerable  deacons  Whitehead  and 
Hatfield,  with  many  others,  had  gone  the  way  of  all  the  earth." 

JoHx  HAI.STEAD  was  one  of  the  petitioners  to  the  king  for  a  charter 
in  1 738.  When  received,  his  name  appeared  in  it  as  one  of  the  coun- 
cillors. He  was  a  church-warden  in  1 749,  and  also  in  1762.  In  1750 
he  was  appointed  on  a  committee  to  defend  the  town  in  a  chancery 
suit.  He  was  a  justice  of  the  peace  in  1 760,  and  was  still  at  Elizabeth 
Town  in  1776.  .    •;';:.,,-:      c  '■'-     •    ;  ■'.-'-'.-' 

The  HoRTONS  were  among  the  first  settlers  of  the  "  East  End  "  of 
I^ng  Island.  Barnabas,  Jonathan,  Joshua,  Caleb,  and  Benjamin  Horton 
were  all  residents  and  landholders  at  Southold,  L.I.,  in  1683  ;  Jonathan, 
at  that  date,  being  the  richest  man  in  the  town. 

Peter  Tunis  was  in  Elizabeth  Town  in  1 743.  He  belonged  to  an 
old  Dutch  family  in  New  York. 


338  JOB  HATFIELD. 

Major  Morris  Hathei.d,  brother  of  Margery  'rocker  and  of  Col. 
Job  Hatfield,  took  the  American  side  at  the  Rebellion,  and  was  taken 
prisoner  by  the  British  in   1776. 

Major  Rkhard  V.  Stocktov,  of  the  New-Jersey  Volunteers,  married 
a  daughter  of  Joseph  Hatfield.  The  major  was  taken  prisoner  by  the 
rebels  in  1777. 

It  is  apparent,  therefore,  that  the  families  were  not  united  upon  the 
issues  of  the  war.  Those  who  atlhered  to  the  British  Government  dis- 
played a  good  deal  of  activity,  and  rendered  valuable  services  to  the 
troops.  Col.  Job  Haikield  and  his  brothers,  John  Smith,  Abel,  and 
James,  with  their  cousin  Cornelius,  appear  to  have  been  engaged  in 
various  expeditions  against  the  rebels. 

1778,  Nov.  14.  —  "At  an  inferior  Court  of  Common  Pleas,  held 
for  the  county  of  Essex  on  Sept.  15  last,  were  returned  incpiisitions  for 
joining  the  army  of  the  King  of  Great  Britain,  and  other  treasonable 
practices,  found  against  John  Smith  Hatfield,  Job  Hatfield,  .\bel 
Hatfield,  James  Hatfield,  Jacob  Tooker,  and  eighteen  others.  On 
Feb.  17,  1779,  final  judgment  was  entered  against  all  these  persons, 
except  Job  and  Abel  Hatfield,  Jacob  Tooker,  and  John  Stiles,  jun.,  and 
their  estates  sold  at  auction." 

1779,  Feb.  24.  —  Cornelius  Hatfield  (whose  father,  Col.  Cornelius, 
Dr.  Hatfield  says  was  "  a  most  excellent  and  honored  member  of  the 
Presbyterian  Church  and  thoroughly  patriotic  ")  and  John  Smith  Hatfield 
acted  as  guides  to  the  Forty-second  and  Thirty-third  Regiments  in  their 
advances  to  Newark  Bay. 

June  12.  —  ■  Cornelius  Hatfield  and  five  other  Loyalists  crossed  over 
from  Staten  Island,  the  headquarters  of  the  Royalist  forces,  made  a 
raid  on  Lieut.  Haviland's  house,  seized  him,  and  took  him  prisoner  to 
the  island.  -       ' 

1780,  Jan.  25.  —  Cornelius,  Job,  and  John  Smith  Hatfield,  as 
guides,  conducted  the  British  troops  over  the  ice  from  Staten  Island  to 
a  raid  on  Elizabeth  Town.  They  burned  the  court-house  and  some 
other  buildings,  and  took  off  some  of  the  inhabitants.  Col.  Abraham 
Van  Buskirk  commanded  this  party. 

1780,  Nov.  25. — Gen.  Gaines  wTites,  "  Yesterday  Capt.  Cornelius 
Hatfield,  with  adventure  peculiar  to  himself,  after  an  incursion  upon  the 
Jonathans  in  Jersey,  brought  off  a  lieutenant  and  five  or  six  others." 


COAWEUUS  HATFIELD.  239 

1 781,  April  21.  —  A  party  of  al)Oiit  seventy  came  over  to  Elizabeth 
Town  from  Staten  Island,  "  accompanied  as  usual  by  Capl.  Cornelius 
Hatfield,"  committed  some  depredations,  ami  returned  to  their  boats. 

July  22. — Lieut.  Meeker  and  fourteen  privates  were  taken  pris- 
oners below  Newark  by  a  party  of  Loyalists,  under  the  command  of 
Capt.  Hatfield. 

From  a  New- York  Paper  of  Feb.  6,  1782. — "Last  Friday 
night  a  party  consisting  of  thirty  refugees,  and  commanded  by  Capt. 
Cornelius  Hatfield,  proceeded  from  Staten  Island  to  Elizabeth  Town, 
where  they  took  nine  prisoners,  among  them  Mr.  Reed,  a  rebel  con- 
tractor. All  were  brought  to  Staten  Island,  where  they  are  treated  in 
the  same  manner  as  is  Mr.  Smith  Hatfield,  lately  seized  by  the  Westfield 
people,  though  he  was  then  under  the  sanction  of  a  flag  of  truce, 
carried  to  Burlington,  and  there  loaded  with  irons.  These  rebels  are 
by  the  refugees  kept  in  close  durance  as  hostages  for  the  safe  return  of 
Smith  Hatfield,  a  valuable  individual  of  their  body.  His  companion, 
Lewis  Blanchard  (afterward  of  Yarmouth),  fortunately  escaped  from 
the  rebels  at  Princetown,  travelled  two  miles  into  a  wood,  where  he  was 
concealed  till  he  could  disengage  himself  from  his  chains,  and,  after 
being  flayed  by  the  intense  frost,  has  arrived,  an  object  of  ccmmiseralion, 
among  his  overjoyed  friends  at  Staten  Island." 

1782,  April  10.  —  Capt.  Cornelius  Hatfield,  together  with  Capt. 
Blauvelt,  at  the  head  of  an  expedition  of  Loyalists  in  the  armed  brig 
Arrogant,  captured,  a  short  distance  up  the  North  River,  "  a  Pettiauger 
and  some  small  boats,  with  about  ten  prisoners." 

In  1 789,  John  Smith  Hatfield,  having  returned  to  Elizabeth  Town, 
was  arrested  on  a  charge  of  being  concerned  in  the  hanging  of  a  spy 
named  Stephen  Ball,  on  Staten  Island,  in  1781.  He  was  released  on 
bail,  left  the  country,  and  his  recognizances  were  discharged.  In  1807, 
Capt.  Cornelius  Hatfield,  who  had  gone  from  '  England  via  Nova  Scotia 
to  Elizabeth  Town,  to  take  possession  of  a  valuable  property  left  him 
by  his  father,"  was  arrested  on  a  similar  charge  instituted  by  the  friends 
of  Ball.  He  was  discharged  by  the  court ;  the  judge  having  been  of 
the  opinion,  that,  by  the  spirit  of  the  treaty  of  1782,  he  was  not  then 
answerable  for  that  transaction.  Capt.  Hatfield  returned  to  England, 
where  he  died  at  an  advanced  age,  a  Loyalist  to  the  end.  _     


240  THE  LOYALISTS. 

1868.  —  Abel  S.  Hatfield  owned  the  stone  house,  some  two  hundred 
years  old,  corner  of  Pearl  and  Hatfield  Streets,  Elizabeth  Town,  which 
Matthias  Hatfield  ist  bought  in  1673. 

At  the  peace  negotiations  in  the  fall  of  1782,  one  of  the  stipulations 
was,  "  Congress  shall  earnestly  recommend  to  the  Legislatures  of  the 
respective  States  to  provide  for  the  restitution  of  all  estates,  rights,  and 
properties,  which  have  been  confiscated,  belonging  to  British  subjects," 
etc.  Congress  unanimously  agreed  to  this  condition,  and  did  issue  the 
recommendation  to  the  States  which  the  treaty  contemplated.  But  when 
a  number  of  Loyalists  went  to  the  United  States  to  claim  restitution  of 
their  property,  their  demands  were  unheeded.  Some  of  them  were 
Imprisoned,  and  afterwards  banished. 

The  British  Government  then  appointed  commissioners  to  ascertain 
the  losses  sustained  by  the  Loyalists.  The  commissioners  began  their 
labors  in  1 783,  and  from  time  to  time  made  reports  of  the  results  of 
their  investigations.  The  twelfth  and  last  report  was  made  in  1790, 
when  the  whole  matter  was  finally  disposed  of;  the  Government  paying, 
in  liquidation  of  the  claims  satisfactorily  proved,  fifteen  and  a  half 
millions  of  dollars. 

The  "  History  of  the  Loyalists,"  by  Lorenzo  Sabine,  gives  brief 
sketches  of  some  of  the  men  who  came  from  New  Jersey,  New  York, 
and  elsewhere  to  Shelburne,  and  thence  to  Tusket  and  Yarmouth  at  the 
close  of  the  war.  Mr.  Sabine  visited  Yarmouth  in  1861,  to  collect 
material  for  his  work  ;  and  some  of  his  notices,  which  will  interest 
Yarmouth  readers,  are  here  reproduced. 

"Tunis  Blauvelt  of  New  Jersey;  in  the  war  an  active  partisan. 
Lost  considerable  property  in  consequence  of  his  loyalty.  At  the  peace, 
went  to  Shelburne,  N.S.,  with  a  family  of  six,  and  three  servants. 
Settled  finally  at  Tusket,  where  he  kept  a  boarding-house.  Died  in 
1830,  leaving  seven  children,  of  whom  two  are  now  (1861)  ship-masters. 
His  second  wife  was  Hannah,  daughter  of  Gabriel  Van  Norden. 

"  Gabriel  Van  Norden  of  New  Jersey,  At  the  beginning  of  the 
war,  he  removed  to  New  York,  where  he  opened  a  house  of  entertain- 
ment. At  the  peace,  accompanied  by  his  family  of  eleven  persons 
and  three  servants,  he  went  from  New  York  to  Shelburne,  where  the 
Government  granted  him  a  town-lot.     His  losses  in  consequenre  of  his 


THE  LOYALISTS.  241 

loyalty  were  estimated  at  fifteen  hundred  pounds,  for  which  the  British 
Government  made  provision.  He  settled  near  Yarmouth  (at  Arcadia), 
and  died,  quite  old,  in  18 10. 

"  Robert  Timpan\'  of  New  Jersey,  major  Third  Battalion  New- 
Jersey  Volunteers.  Was  born  in  Ireland,  and  educated  at  Glasgow. 
He  was  in  continual  service  during  the  war,  and  repeatedly  distinguished 
himself.  He  was  twice  wounded.  In  1786  he  went  to  Digby,  and, 
four  or  five  years  later,  settled  at  the  head  of  St.  Mary's  Bay.  His  last 
years  were  passed  at  Yarmouth  (Arcadia)  with  his  daughter  Charlotte, 
wife  of  Gabriel  Van  Norden,  jun.  He  died  in  1844,  aged  a  hundred 
and  two,  when  he  was  abie  to  read  without  spectacles,  and  had  retained 
his  faculties  to  the  last. 

"  Robert  Huston  was  a  farmer,  living  near  Philadelphia.  He 
belonged  to  a  troop  of  dragoons,  and  was  engaged  in  many  skirmishes. 
At  the  peace,  he  went  with  his  family  to  Shelburne,  and  thence  to 
Yarmouth,  where  he  died  in  1842,  aged  eighty-eight,  leaving  two 
daughters,  one  of  whom  married  Edward  K.,  son  of  Major  Timpany. 
Tlie  other  daughter  was  Mrs.  Margery,  wife  of  Capt.  John  Hardy. 

"  Samuel  Andrews  of  North  Carolina  was  major  in  the  loyal  militia. 
Early  in  1776  he  was  commissioned  as  lieutenant  under  Gen.  Mac- 
Donald,  and  was  taken  prisoner.  In  1781  he  raised  a  company,  and 
joined  Lord  Cornwallis.  He  was  engaged  in  the  capture  of  Gov. 
Burke ;  and,  when  Fanning  was  wounded,  he  assumed  the  command, 
and  conducted  the  prisoners  into  the  British  lines.  Promotion  followed. 
At  the  evacuation  of  Charleston,  he  retired  with  his  family  to  Florida. 
Obnoxious  to  the  Whigs  by  his  course  during  the  war,  he  was  one  of 
the  three  whom  they  refused  to  pardon.  I  have  a  copy  of  his  memo- 
rial, claiming  compensation  for  his  services,  in  his  own  handwriting,  by 
which  it  appears  that  he  lost  by  confiscation  a  farm,  dwelling-house,  two 
stores,  a  grist-mill,  a  storehouse,  two  negroes,  fifty  head  of  cattle,  several 
horses,  sheep,  furniture,  etc.  He  was  in  Shelburne  in  July,  1785,  for 
the  purpose  of  pressing  his  claims  upon  the  commissioners. 

"James  Lent,  son  of  Adolphus,  of  Tappan,  N.Y.,  was  an  ensign 
in  the  Queen's  Rangers.  Went  to  Shelburne  at  the  peace,  and  about 
1783  (1785)  removed  to  Tusket,  where  he  died  in  1838,  aged  eighty- 
five. 


242  THE  LOYALISTS. 

"  Abraham  Lent,  brother  of  James,  was  colonel  of  militia.  Went 
to  Shelburne  in  1 783,  but  returned  to  Tappan  in  1 790,  and  purchased 
his  father's  mansion  with  the  money  paid  him  by  the  British  Government 
for  his  losses  as  a  Loyalist. 

"  Jacob  Van  Buskirk  of  New  Jersey  was  captain  of  the  New-Jersey 
Volunteers.     After  the  war  went  to  Shelburne. 

"  Lawrence  Van  Buskirk,  captain  in  King's  Rangers.  At  the 
peace  went  to  Shelburne,  where  he  died  in  1803,  aged  seventy-four. 
His  property  in  New  Jersey,  worth  twenty-four  hundred  pounds,  was 
confiscated. 

"  Abraham  Van  Buskirk  of  New  Jersey,  lieutenant-colonel  of  New- 
Jersey  Volunteers.  In  1783  went  to  Nova  Scotia.  In  1784  he  was 
first  mayor  of  Shelburne,  where  he  died. 

"  James  Moody,  in  1 782,  was  lieutenant  in  First  Battalion  New- 
Jersey  Volunteers.  He  was  a  celebrated  partisan,  and  performed  many 
exploits  peculiar  to  that  species  of  warfare.  He  delighted  in  seizing 
and  carrying  off  Whig  committee-men,  and  was  fond  of  relating  the 
means  he  employed  to  catch  them.  At  the  peace,  he  settled  in  Nova 
Scotia,  where  he  was  known  as  Col.  Moody.  He  died  at  Sissiboo  in 
1809,  aged  sixty- five.     He  received  half- pay." 

So  far  Sabine. 

Col.  Moody,  who  was  the  grandfather  of  E.  W.  B.  Moody,  wrote  an 
account  of  his  adventures,  which  was  published  at  London  in  1 783. 
In  the  preface,  he  says,  "  Seven  years  ago,  few  human  events  seemed 
more  improbable  than  that  he,  a  plain,  contented  farmer,  settled  upon 
a  large,  fertile,  pleaisant,  and  well-improved  farm  of  his  own,  in  the  best 
climate  and  happiest  country  in  the  world,  should  ever  beat  his  plough- 
share into  a  sword,  and  commence  a  soldier.  Nor  was  it  less  improb- 
able that  he  should  ever  become  a  writer,  and  be  called  upon  to  print 
a  narrative  of  his  own  adventures.  Yet  necessity  and  a  sense  of  duty, 
contrary  to  his  natural  inclination,  soon  forced  him  to  appear  in  the 
former  of  these  characters,  and  the  importunity  of  friends  has  now 
prevailed  with  him  to  assume  the  latter." 

In  reference  to  the  causes  of  the  rebellion,  Col.  Moody  says,  "He 
thinks  it  incumbent  on  him  to  declare  that  it  ('the  unhappy  quarrel') 
did  not  originate  with  the  people  of  America,  properly  so  called.     They 


JAMES  MOODY.  243 

felt  no  grievances,  and  therefore  could  have  had  no  inducements  to  risk 
substantial  advantages  in  the  pursuit  of  such  as  were  only  imaginary. 
In  making  this  declaration,  he  is  confident  he  speaks  the  sentiment  of 
a  great  majority  of  the  peasantry  of  America.  But,  in  every  country, 
there  are  multitudes  who,  with  little  property,  and  perhaps  still  less 
principle,  are  always  disposed,  and  always  eager,  for  a  change.  Such 
persons  are  easily  wrought  upon,  and  easily  persuaded  to  enlist  under 
the  banners  of  pretended  patriots  and  forward  demagogues,  of  whom 
also  every  country  is  sufficiently  prolific." 

To  the  nature  and  value  of  Lieut.  Moody's  services,  his  commanding 
officers  bear  testimony.  Brigadier-Gen.  Skinner  wrote  under  date  of 
Jan.  30,  1 783,  "  While  Mr.  Moody  was  under  my  immediate  direction, 
he  destroyed  a  considerable  magazine  of  stores  near  Black  Point,  taking 
prisoners  two  colonels,  one  major,  and  several  other  officers.  He 
broke  open  the  Suffolk  jail,  rescuing  a  number  of  Loyalists  that  were 
imprisoned  in  it,  one  of  whom  was  under  sentence  of  death,  besides 
performing  many  other  important  services." 

Major-Gen.  Pattison  wrote,  "At  one  tii  "  Mr.  Moody  was  absent 
five  weeks  in  different  parts  of  Pennsylvania  and  New  Jersey,  and 
brought  authentic  and  full  information  of  the  situation  and  resources 
of  the  several  detachments  of  the  rebel  army,  under  the  command  of 
Gens.  Washington  and  Gage,  in  the  year  1779,  and  of  the  pr:^spects  the 
rebels  had  at  that  time  of  procuring  a  loan  uom  France." 

Mr.  Roome,  secretary  to  Major-Gen.  Pattison,  wrote,  "  Mr.  Moody 
made  various  excursions  into  the  country  without  the  British  lines  ;  took 
several  rebel  mails,  containing  intelligence  of  great  importance,  and 
brought  them  safe  to   New  York." 

The  Rev.  Dr.  Inglis,  rector  of  New  York,  and  afterward  first  bishop 
of  Nova  Scotia,  wrote  under  date  of  May  11,  1782,  "Mr.  Moody  is 
one  of  the  most  active  partisans  we  have,  and  perhaps  ran  more  risk 
than  any  other  man  during  the  war.  He  has  brought  in  three  rebel 
mails,  and  has  often  been  in  the  greatest  peril  amongst  false  brethren. 
The  history  of  his  adventures  will  entertain  and  astonish  you.  He  goes 
home  at  Sir  Henry  Clinton's  desire,  who  has  promised  to  do  something 
for  him  adecjuate  to  his  services." 

Col.  Moody  himself,  toward  the  close  of  his  narrative,  says,  "  The 


244  THE  HATFIELD  FAMILY. 

profession  of  arms  is  foreign  from  the  habits  of  one  who  has  lived,  and 
wishes  only  to  live,  in  quiet,  under  his  own  vine  and  his  own  fig-tree ; 
and  he  can  truly  say,  that,  if  his  sovereign  should  be  graciously  pleased 
to  confer  on  him  the  highest  military  honors,  he  would  most  gladly 
forego  them  all,  to  be  once  more  re-instated  on  his  own  farm,  with  his 
wife  and  children  around  him,  as  he  was  seven  years  ago." 

Col.  Moody  represented  Annapolis  County  in  two  Parliaments,  — 
from  1793  to  1806. 

Matthias  Hatfield  ist,  of  Elizabeth  Town,  who  died  in  1687, 
had  three  sons,  —  Isaac,  Cornelius,  and  Abraham  :  the  last,  born  1670, 
died  1 706. 

Abraham  Hatfield  ist  married  Phcebe  ,  and  had  four  sons, — 

Jacob,  Joseph,  Matthias  2d,  and  Abr.xham  2d:  the  last,  born  1695, 
died  1745. 

Abraham  Hatfield  2d  married  Margaret  VVinans.  They  had 
seven  sons  and  two  daughters,  —  Abraham  3d,  jf^ohn,  Sarah,  David, 
Samuel,  Elias,  yacob,  Phoebe,  and  William.  The  second  son,  John, 
married  Deborah,  daughter  of  Abel  Smith,  and  had  thirteen  children,  — 
Jane,  Margery  (born  1747,  and  married  Jacob  Tooker,  afterward  of 
Yarmouth),  John  Smith,  Abel,  j^ob  ,^born  1754,  who  came  to  Tusket 
in  1785,  and  married  Jane  Van  Norden),  James,  Morris,  Mary, 
Deborah,  Sarah,  Daniel,  Jacob,  and  Phoabe  (born  1769). 

Jacob  Hatfield,  6th  son  of  Abraham  2d,  born  1730,  married  Mary 
Lyon,  and  had  four  sons,  — James,  born  1 753  ;  yacob  Lyon,  born  1 758  ; 
Elias  W. ;  and  Abram  Marsh,  —  and  one  daughter,  Mary. 

The  three  brothers,  James,  Jacob  Lyon,  and  Abram  Marsh  Hatfield, 
came  from  Elizabeth  Town  to  Shelburne  in  1 783,  and  thence  to  Tusket 
during  the  summer  of  1785.  It  will  be  noticed  they  were  cousins  of 
Col.  Job  Hatfield,  and  from  these  four  all  of  the  name  of  Hatfield 
in  Yarmouth  County  have  descended. 

In  the  belief  that  it  may  prove  of  interest,  an  endeavor  has  been 
made  to  construct  a  genealogical  table,  illustrating  the  intermarriages 
between  members  of  some  of  the  old  Tusket  fami)-es  already  noticed, 
as  well  as  of  a  few  others  to  which  these  have  been  allied.  The  table 
is  not  complete  in  all  its  parts,  because  fuller  particulars  were  not  within 
reach  ;  and,  although  it  may  not  be  at  every  point  correct,  care  has  been 


HATFIELD  GENEALOGY.  24$ 

taken  to  avoid  mistakes.  Where  the  lists  of  names  are  imperfect,  blank 
spaces  are  left  which  may  be  filled  in  by  those  into  whose  hands  the 
book  may  fall,  who  may  have  th-^  iiiiv;rc5t  and  the  opportunity  to  3upply 
what  is  deficient. 

GENEALOGY. 

[Abbreviations  used,  —  se.,  aged;  b.,  born;  d.,  died;  d.,  daughter;  s.,  son;  w.,  widow;  m,,  married.] 

James  Hatfield,  b.  1753,  d.  1806,  had  one  son,  Jacob,  jun.,  and  one  daughter, 

Phoebe,  who  married  Deacon  John  Gavel. 
Jacob  Hatfield,  jun.,  in  1802,  married  Sarah  Nickerson,  and  had  issue:  — 
James  C,  m.  Fhcebe  Raynard,  d.  J(jb,  sen. 
Desire,  nn.  George  Halstead,  s.  William  N. 
Elizabeth,  m.  Edward  Raynard,  s.  Job. 
Mary,  m.  Cornelius  Hatfield,  s.  Jacob  Lyon. 
Nathaniel,  m.  Cornelia  Hurlburt,  d.  Titus  2d. 

Margery  Hurlburt,  d.  John,  sen. 


Hugh  N.,  m. 

2.  Sarah  Hurlburt,  d.  John,  sen. 

Margery,  m.  John  Brayne,  s.  John. 

Sarah,  m.  James  R.  Blauvelt,  s.  Tunis. 

James  C.  Hatfield,  s.  Jacob,  jun.,  m.  Ph(£be  Raynard,  d.  Job,  sen. 

Issue :    William. 

Arthur. 

Joseph. 

Edward,  lost  at  sea;  unmarried. 

James  Wallace. 

Helen,  m.  Benjamin  Hamilton,  s.  Henry. 

Hannah,  m.  David  Hatfield,  s.  Capt.  James. 

Alice. 

Nathaniel  Hatfield,  s.  Jacob,  jun.,  m.  Cornelia  Hurlburt,  d.  Titus  2d. 

Issue  :    Nathaniel,  m.  Edna  Vickery,  d.  Jeremiah. 

Agnes,  m.  Edward  Nickerson,  s.  Daniel. 

Mary,  m.  William  Bullerwell,  s.  Joseph. 

Lois,  m.  George  Saunders,  s.  Richard. 

Elizabeth,  m.  Elias  Hatfield,  s.  Cornelius. 

!i.  Margery  Hurlburt,  ) 
i  ds.  John,  sen. 
2.  Sarah  Hurlburt,      ) 

Issue  :  Jacob,  m.  Deborah  Albrecht. 

Elisha,  m.  Mary  Gavel,  d.  Andrew. 

George,  m.  Lydia  Lent,  d.  Abram  S. 

Phoebe,  m.  William  Williams,  s.  John. 

Maria,  m.      ~ 

Sarah,  m.  George  Hemeon. 

Desire,  died  unmarried. 


246  HATFIELD  GENEALOGY. 

John  Brayne,  s.  John,  m.  Margery  Hatfield,  d.  Jacob,  jun. 
Issue :    Norman. 

I.  Louisa  Earl,  d  John. 


Wentworth,  m. 

2.  Sarah  Wood,  d.  Jacob. 

Jacob  Lyon  Hatfield,  m.  Mary  Van  Norden,  d.  Gabriel,  sen. 

Issue  :   1790.    James,  m.  Elizabeth  Lent,  d.  James. 

1791.    Jane,  m.  Israel  Nickerson,  s.  Hugh. 

1793.    Mary,  m.  Abram  Lent,  s.  James. 

1795.    John,  m.  Jane  Gavel,  d.  Deacon  John.    No  issue. 

1797.    David,  m.  Sarah  Gavel,  d.  George*  .. 

■  / 
1799.     Phoebe,  m.  Job  Raynard  2d,  s.  Job. 

1801.     Hannah,  m.  James  Servant,  s.  Abraham. 

1S02.     Cornelius,  m.  Mary  Hatfield,  d.  Jacob,  jun. 

1804.    Sarah,  m.  John  V.  X.  Hatfield,  s.  Col.  Job. 

C  I.  Jane  Raynard,  d.  Job,  sen. 
1806.    William,  m.  \  2.  Elizabeth  Jeffery,  d.  Archibald. 

{  3.  Lydia  Jeffery,  d.  Archibald. 

iSoS.    Jacob  4th,  m.  Eleanor  Jane  MacKinnon,  d.  Major  John. 

1810.     Theodosia,  m.  Job  Blauvelt,  s.  Tunis. 

Capt.  James  Hatfield,  s.  Jacob  Lyon,  m.  Elizabeth  Lent,  d.  James,  sen. 

Issue  :    Abram  L.,  m.  Mary  Jeffery,  d  Archibald. 

James  Adolphus,  m.  Deborah  Rogers,  d.  Benjamin,  sen. 

Isaac  S.,  m.  Sarah  Harding,  w.  Tracey  G. 

( I.  Jane  Hurlburt,  d.  Titus  2d. 
David,  m.  \ 

(  2.  Hannah  Hatfield,  d.  James  C. 

( I.  Janet  Hatfield,  d.  William. 
Richard,  m.  ] 

( 2.  Almira  Saunders,  d.  George. 

!i.  Mary  Alice  Hatfield,  d.  David,  sen. 
2.  Fanny  Hatfield,  d.  Jacob  4th. 

( I.  Deborah  Hatfield,  d.  William. 
Forman,  m.  i 

(  2.  Sarah  1  y. 

Peter  Lent,  m.  Caroline  Harding,  d.  Tracey  G. 

I.  Mary  Raynard,  d.  Edward. 


Charles  \V.,  m.  ,       „        .    „.  ,       ,  ^,  ,,»^ 

2.  Georgia  Kirby,  d.  Thomas,  M.D. 

Ann,  m.  John  Gavel,  s.  Deacon  John. 

I.  Abijah  Crosby,  s.  Deacon  John. 


Maria,  m.  ,  tt  r-       1       n  t  u 

(  2.  William  H.  Gavel,  s  Deacon  John. 

Caroline,  m.  Rev.  Charles  Knowles. 

Phoebe,  m.  John  Hayes,  s.  William. 

'    7°        Mary,  m.  John  M.  Bingay,  M.D.,  s.  James. 

David  Hatfield,  s.  Jacob  Lyon,  m.  Sarah  Gavel,  d.  George. 

Issue :  Mary  Alice,  m.  John  Ashley  Hatfield,  s.  Capt.  James. 


Issue:   Elias,  m.  \ 


HA  TFIELD.  247 

Cornelius  Hatfield,  s.  Jacob  Lyon,  m.  Mary  Hatfield,  d.  Jacob,  jun. 
I.  Mary  Andrews,  d.  David  ist. 
'  2.  Elizabeth  Hatfield,  d.  Nathaniel. 

Bowman,  m.  Eliza  Hamilton,  d.  Daniel. 

Charles  K.,  m.  Fannie  Raynard,  d.  Edward. 

Jacob,  m.  Lois  Crosby,  d.  Abijah. 

Robert,  died  unmarried. 

Catharine,  died  unmarried. 

Julia,  m.  James  Forster  Crosby,  s.  Lemuel. 

Anne,  m.  William  Wood,  s.  John  R. 

Adaviila,  m.  John  Wood,  s.  James. 
William  Hatfield,  s.  Jacob  Lyon,  m.  i.  Jane  Raynard,  d.  Job,  sen. 

2.  Elizabeth  Jeffery,  d.  Archibald. 

3.  Lydia  Jeffery,  d.  Archibald. 
Issue  :  Inglis,  m.  Mary  Crosby,  d.  Abijah. 

Adeline,  m.  A.  Webb  Blauvelt,  s.  Job. 

Deborah,  m.  Forman  Hatfield,  s.  Capt.  James. 

Arabella,  m.  Theodore  Martell,  s.  Rev.  Anthony. 

( I.  Frederick  Hatfield,  s.  Jacob  4th. 
Jane,  m.     ] 

( 2.  Douglas  Waters. 

Janet,  m.  Richard  Hatfield,  s.  Capt.  James. 

Jacob  Hatfield  4th,  s.  Jacob  Lyon,  m.  Eleanor  Jane  MacKinnon,  d.  Major 

John, 

Issue  :  Francis. 

Frances,  m.  John  Ashley  Hatfield,  s.  Capt.  James. 

Frederick,  m.  Jane  Hatfield,  d.  William. 

Job,  m.  Helen  W.  Eakins,  d.  Robert  S.,  sen. 

Jackson,  m.  Agnes  Hilton,  d.  Philip. 

George  K.,  m.  Mary  Kerr. 

Asa. 

Elizabeth  Maria,  m.  Rev.  Peter  Stuart  MacGregor. 

AiiRAM  Marsh  H.\tfield  married  Constance  Jones. 

I.  Sarah  Crocker,  d.  Daniel  . 


'  2.  Bathsheba  Barrows,  d.  Abner. 

Jacob  3d,  m.  Margaret  Kelley,  d.  Samuel. 

( t.  Elizabeth  Ravnard,  w.  William. 
Anthony  J.,  m.  j 

(  2.  Sarah  Hamilton,  d.  Daniel. 

Samuel,  m.  Rebecca  Ellis,  d.  Samuel. 

James  L.,  m.  Mary  Ann  Raynard,  d.  Job.         '  1 

Abram,  m.  Mary  Cook,  d.  Manasseh. 

Mary,  m.  Samuel  Kelley,  s.  Samuel. 

Bridget,  m.  Benjamin  Horton,  s.  Jonathan. 


248  HA  TFIELD. 


William  Hatfield,  s.  Abram  Marsh,  m.  J 


Abram  Marsh  Hatfield,  continued. 

Elizabeth,  died  unmaryicd. 

Zilpha,  m.  Abram  L.  Blauvelt,  s.  Tunis. 

I.  Sarah  Crocker,  d.  Daniel  zA. 

[2.  Bathsheba  Harrows,  d  Abner. 

Issue  :   Anthony,  died  unmarried. 

William  J.,  m.  Elizabeth  Churchill,  d.  Nathaniel,  sen. 

Sarah,  m.  Nathaniel  Churchill,  jun.,  s.  Nathaniel. 

Lois,  m.  Juhn  Murphy. 

Elizabeth,  m.  Amos  Pinkney,  s.  Gilbert. 

Jacob  Hatfield,  s.  Ab'-am  Marsh,  m.  Margaret  Kelley,  d.  Samuel. 

Issue  :  Jacob  K.,  m.  Hannah  Gorham  of  Liverpool. 

John  Smith,  m.  Annie  MacPhail  of  Mull  Island. 

Samuel  J.,  m.  Mary  Hatfield,  d.  Capt.  J.  V.  N. 

( I.  Louisa  Pinkney,  d.  J  hn. 
Abram  M.,  m.  { 

( 2.  Margaret  Short,  d.  Capt.  Short  of  Bangor. 

James  M.,  lost  with  his  ship  on  Newfoundland.  * 

Edward  B.,  m.  Eliza  Hatfield,  d.  Capt.  John  V.  N. 

George  A.,  m.  Agnes  Huntington,  d.  Herbert,  M.P.P. 

Sarah  H.,  m.  Jacob  Utley,  s.  Jacob. 

Annie  B.,  m.  William  A.  Porter,  s.  Horace  B. 

Margaret  E.,  ni.  Rev.  John  D.  Murray. 

Helen  Wilson,  died  unmarried. 

( I.  Elizabeth  Raynard,  w.  William. 
Anthony  J.  Hatfield,  s.  Abram  Marsh,  m.  J 

(  2.  Sarah  Hamilto.n,  d.  Daniel. 

Issue :   Charles,  m.  Isabella  Kelley,  d.  Samuel. 

Norman  B.,  m.  Malvinia  Gavel,  d.  John  4th. 

Samuel,  m.  Helen  Brown. 

Sarah  E. 

Job. 

Abram  M.,  m.  Alma  A.  Adams,  d.  Moses. 

Wentworth. 
Samuel  Hatfield,  s.  .\bram  Marsh,  m.  Rebecca  Ellis,  d.  Samuel. 
Issue :   Thomas  Hardy,  m.  Mary  Walsh. 

Nelson  J.,  m.  Elizabeth  Lovitt,  d.  Israel,  jun. 

Ezekiel,  died  unmarried. 

Hannah,  m.  James  Hogg. 

Adelaide. 
James  L.  Hatfield,  s.  Abram  Marsh,  m.  Mary  Ann  Raynard,  d.  Job. 
Issue:   Stanley.  

Benjamin  Horton,  m.  Ellen  Russell.  ^ 

._. — .       Amos,  m. Williams.  _.  , ^-  ---.-;— .;__„.._ 

Edgar. 


RA  YNARD.  249 

James  L.  Hatfield,  continued. 

Mary,  m.  Robert  Purdy,  s.  Joseph. 

Alice,  m  Cleorge  Ryerson,  s.  Francis. 

Louisa,  m.  William  W.  Ryder. 
.\iiRAM  HATFrELD,  s.  Abraiti  Marsh,  m.  Mary  Cook,  d.  Manasseh. 
Issue  :   Jones,  m.  Abigail  Allen. 

Enos,  died  at  sea,  unmarried. 

•"harles. 

V,  m.  Isaac  Ryder. 

Licborah,  m.  Samuel  Wilson. 

Zilpha,  m.  Elias  Trask,  s.  Elias. 

Harriet,  m.  Henry  Stone. 

Lucetta,  m. Cole. 

Janet,  m. Morgan. 

Adelaide,  m. Forster. 

Samuel  Kelley,  s.  Samuel,  m.  Mary  Hatfield,  d.  Abram  Marsh. 
Issue  :   Isabella,  m  Charles  Hatfield,  s.  Anthony  J. 

Lois,  m.  William  Wyman,  s.  Henry. 

Alice. 

Samuel,  m.  Laura  Williams. 
Benjamin  Horton,  s.  Jonathan,  m.  Bridget  Hatfield,  d.  Abram  Marsh. 
Issue  :   Smith,  m.  Deborah  Pinkney,  d.  Gilbert. 

Mary,  m.  Nathaniel  Larkin. 

Janet,  m.  Thomas  J.  Perry,  s.  Joseph. 

Ellen,  m.  Charles  Larkin. 

Constantine,  m.  Reuben  Hiltz. 

Phoebe,  m.  S.  L.  Oliver. 
JoK  Raynard,  sen.,  came  from  New  York  to  Shelburne  in  1791,  and  thence  to 
Tusket.    He  settled  at  Raynardtown  in  1796,  and  d.  there  in  1825,  aged  62. 
I.  Catharine  Gavel,  d.  John,  sen. 


He  married  ,      ^,  ,,  ,   t        , 

2.  Maria  Horton,  d.  Jonathan. 

Issue  :   Job,  m.  Phoebe  Hatfield,  d.  Jacob  Lyon. 

Edward,  m.  Elizabeth  Hatfield,  d.  Jacob,  jun. 

William,  m.  Elizabeth  Hurlburt,  d.  William. 

Margaret,  m.  Joseph  Kinney,  s.  John. 

Sarah,  m.  W^ells  Hamilton,  s.  Daniel. 

Jane,  m.  William  Hatfield,  s.  Jacob  Lyon. 

Phoebe,  m.  James  C.  Hatfield,  s.  Jacob,  jun. 

By  2d  wife  :  — 

Mary  Ann,  m.  James  L.  Hatfield,  s.  Abram  Marsh. 

Maria,  m.  Aaron  Blauvelt,  s.  Tunis. 

_        Henry  Greggs,  m.  Deborah  Roberts,  d.  John. 

George,  m.  Jane  Wilson,  w.  Charles. 


250  PA  YNARD. 

■    Job  Raynard,  jun.,  m.  PHa';BE  Hatfiei-o,  d.  Jacob  Lyon. 
Issue  :   Job,  died  unmarried. 

John  W.,  m.  Catharine  Hurlburt,  d.  Titus  2d. 

Jacob,  m.  Eliza  Crowell. 

Victoria,  m.  John  Halstcad,  s.  William  N.  2d. 

Arabella,  m.  Calvin  Hurlburt,  s.  James. 

Susan,  m.  William  Kicker. 
Edward  Raynard,  m.  Elizabeth  Hatfield,  d.  Jacob,  jun. 
Issue  :  James  Norris,  m.  Hannah  Nickerson,  d.  Daniel. 

Benjamin,  m.  Lucy  Hurlburt,  d.  Abraham. 

William,  m.  Phoebe  Hamilton,  d.  Daniel. 

Robert,  m.  Lavinia  Hamilton,  d.  Henry. 

Walter. 

Frances,  m.  Charles  K.  Hatfield,  s.  Cornelius. 

Jane,  m.  David  Lamoreux. 

Charlotte,  m.  James  Forster,  s.  James. 

Deboi-,.h,  m.  George  Robertson,  s.  William. 

Mary,  m.  Charles  W.  Hatfield,  s.  Capt.  James. 

Margaret. 

Sarah,  died  unmarried. 
William  Raynard,  m.  Elizabeth  Hurlburt,  d.  William. 

Issue  :   ,  m.  Jonathan  S.  Barrows,  s.  Jonathan. 

Henry  Greggs  Raynard,  m.  Deborah  Roberts,  d.  John. 
Issue  :   Job. 

Jane. 

Alice. 
Joseph  Kinney,  s.  John,  m.  Margaret  Raynard,  d.  Job,  sen. 
Issue  :  Joseph,  m.  Rebecca  Moulton,  d.  Philip. 

Phoebe  Jane,  m.  John  Turner,  s.  John. 

Stephen,  m.  Zilpha  Bridgeo,  d.  William. 

John,  m.  Ccrdelia  Hemeon,  d.  Jacob. 
I.  Gideon  Hemeon,  s.  Crocker. 


Hannah,  m. ' 

'  2.  William  Durkee,  s.  Robert  2d. 

(  I.  John  Cain,  s.  Seth  B. 
Melinda,  m.  \ 

{  2.  Martiu  Hankinson  of  Weymouth. 

Nehemiah,  died  yourg. 

Job,  died  young. 

George,  died  young. 

George,  died  young. 

Ansel,  m.  Alvinia  A.  Churchill,  d.  John.  - 

William,  ra.  Mary  Isabella  Eakins,  d.  Robert  S. 

Martha,  m.  John  E.  Murphy,  s.  Jeremiah. 

Benjamin,  m.  Mary  Crowell  o£  Barrington. 


HURLBURT.  25 1 

Wells  Hamilton,  t.  Daniel,  m.  Sarah  Raynard,  d.  Job,  sen. 
Is^ue  :    David,  lost  at  sea,  with  brigantine  Jirwess,  In  1S44. 
John,  lost  at  sea. 

Harvey,  lost  at  sea,  with  brigantine  Jewcts,  in  1844. 
William,  lost  at  sea. 

Edward  R.,  m.  Mary . 

Mary  Ellen,  m.  John  E.  Stanley. 
Catharine,  m.  Charle    Oldreive. 
Titus  Hurlburt,  sen.,  came  from  Connecticut  to  Shelburne  about    17S5,  and 

thence  to  Tusket.     He  married Leonard,  and  had  issue:  — 

Israel,  m.  Mary  Andrews,  d.  Samuel. 

I.  E!iz.-ibeth  Halstead,  w.  William  N. 


William,  m.  , 

.  2.  Johnson. 

(  I.  Sarah  Andrews,  d.  Samuel. 
John  m.  ) 

(  2.  Sarah  Curry,  w. 

Titus,  m.  Catharine  Gavel,  d.  George. 

I.  Phcebe  Gavel,  d.  George. 


Job,  m.  , 

{ 2.  Hethiah  Rankm. 

Isaac,  m.  Eleanor  Gray,  d.  Jesse. 

James,  m.  Jemima  Mangham. 

Abraham,  m.  Sarah  Pennell. 

Phoebe,  m.  Luke  Keogh. 

.Sarah,  m.  Simon  Kavanagh. 

Mehitable,  m.  Daniel  Nickerson. 

Israel  Hurlburt,  s.  Titus,  m.  Mary  Andrews,  d.  Samuel. 

Issue  :   Samuel,  m.  Susan  Van  Emburg,  d.  John. 

Absalom,  m.  Keziah  Marling,  d.  Barnet  1st. 

Israel,  m.  Margaret  Andrews,  d.  Robert. 

Joseph,  m.  Sara  Frontain,  d.  Augustin. 

George,  m.  Deborah  White,  d.  David. 

Mary. 

I.  Elizabeth  Halstead,  w.  William  N. 


William  Hurlburt,  s.  Titus,  m.  , 

(2.  Johnson. 

(  I.  William  Raynard,  s.  Job,  sen. 
Issue:   Elizabeth,  m.  \  .  ,,    ^  .  ,        .,  ».      , 

(  2.  Anthony  Hatfield,  s.  Abram  Marsh. 


1.  Sarah  Andrews,  d.  Samuel. 

2.  Sarah  Curry,  w. 


John  Hurlburt,  sen.,  s.  Titus,  m.  | 

( I.  Mary  Andrews,  d.  Robert. 
Issue  :  John  W.,  m.  } 

( 2.  Ann  Carney. 

David,  m.  Edith  Van  Emburg,  d.  John. 

I.  Eleanor  Van  Emburg,  d.  John. 


William,  m.  ,        ., .     .,  t^       •     j   t  j 

2.  Abigail  Dennis,  d.  Leonard. 


252  HURLBURT. 

JuHN    HURI.BURT,  COIttillUed. 

!i.  Mary  Hurlburt,     ) 
}  ds.  George. 
2.  Martha  Hurlburt, ' 

Titus  3d,  m.  Louisa  Gray. 

Margery,  tn.  Hugh  N.  Hatfield,  s.  Jacob,  jun. 

Sarah,  ni.  Hugh  N.  Hatfield,  s.  Jacob,  jun. 

Zilpha  Ann,  m.  William  White,  s.  David. 

Titus  Hijrlburt  2d,  s.  Titus,  tn.  Catharine  Gavf.i.,  d.  George. 

Issue  :   C»rnelia,  m.  Nathaniel  Hatfield,  s.  Jacob,  jun. 

-Sarah,  m.  Jacob  H.  Gavel,  s.  Dea.  John. 

Rebecca,  m.  Ebenezer  C.  I'orter,  s.  James. 

Margery,  m.  Henry  Saunders,  s.  Richard. 

John  Hardy,  m.  Lucinda  Crosby,  d.  William. 

Theodosia,  m.  Abner  Gavel,  s.  John  "  Uniacke." 

Catharine,  vn.  John  W .  Raynard,  s.  Job  2d. 

Jane,  m.  David  Hatfield,  s.  Capt.  James. 

1.  Phcebe  Gavel,  d.  George. 

2.  Bethiah  Rankin. 
Issue  :  John  Halstead,  m.  Ruth  Hannah  Crocker. 

Eunice,  m.  Abram  Kavanagh,  s.  Simon. 

Phoebe,  m.  George  H.  Hurlburt,  s.  Isaac. 

Susan,  m.  Joseph  Gavel,  s.  Jacob  H. 

Elizabeth,  m.  George  Riddle. 

Albert,  m.  Jane  Crosby,  d.  Abijah. 
Isaac  Hurlburt,  s.  Titus,  m.  Eleanor  Gray,  d.  Jesse. 
Issue:   George  H.,  m.  Phcebe  Hurlburt,  d.  Job. 

Isaac,  went  to  Western  States. 

Charles,  m.  Lalia  Gavel,  d.  William  H. 

Irene,  m.  Robert  Andrews,  s.  Robert. 

Sarah  Ann,  m.  William  Kavanagh,  s  Simon. 

Elizabeth,  m.  Charles  Rogers,  s.  Levi. 

Lois,  m.  David  Gilliland. 

Ellen. 
James  Hurlburt,  s.  Titus,  m.  Jemima  Mangham. 

I.  Maria  Bower,  d.  Philip. 


Job  HikLHURT,  s.  Titus,  m.  1 


Issue  :  William  W.,  m. 

2.  Anne  IJower,  d.  William. 

Calvin,  m.  Arabella  Raynard,  d.  Job  2d. 

Norman,  m.  Lydia  Gavel,  d.  John  3d. 

Freeman,  m.  Martha  Ricker. 

Rowland,  m.  Frances  Gavel,  d.  William  H. 

Charles,  died  unmarried.      ' — -r~^  —  ^--  - 

Weymouth,  m.  Maria  Sims,  d.  Robert,  sen. 


HURLBURJ.  253 

James  Hitri.burt,  continued. 

Sarah,  m.  John  T.  Gavel,  s.  John  3d. 

Kliz.iheth,  m.  James  Harvey  Hamilton,  s.  Samuel. 
Abraham  Huri.rurt,  s.  Titus,  nt.  Sarah  I'ennell. 
Issue :   George. 

Ashley. 

Lucy,  m.  Benjamin  Raynard,  s.  Edward. 

Phccbe,  m.  Handley  Roberts,  s.  Ilandlcy. 

Elizabeth. 

Mahulda,  m.  Nathan  MicConneil,  s.  Joseph. 

Sarah,  m.  George  Allen,  s.  Lewis. 

Maria,  m.  Solomon  Roberts,  s.  Handley. 
Luke  Kkoch,  m.  Pikehe  Hurlburt,  d.  Titus,  sen. 
Lssue  :  John,  m.  Ruth  Frost. 

Luke,  ni. Lambert,  d.  James. 

Mary,  m.  Ezra  Rankin,  s.  Archibald. 

Phoebe,  m.  James  F.  (iray,  s.  James. 

James,  died  unmarried. 

Denis,  m.  in  Australia. 
Simon  Kavanagh,  m.  Sarah  Hurlburt,  d.  Titus,  sen. 
Issue :   Abram,  m.  Eunice  Hurlburt,  d.  Job. 

William,  m.  Sarah  A.  Hurlburt,  d.  Isaac. 

Jacob,  m. Hilton. 

Simon. 

Phoebe,  m.  John  Benham. 

Sarah,  m.  Tunis  Blauvelt,  s.  David. 

Anne,  m.  Daniel  Hamilton,  s.  David. 

Eunice,  m.  John  Hamilton. 

Catharine,  m.  Frank  Little. 

Elizabeth. 

Delight,  m.  Edward  Kingsley  Goudey,  s.  Thomas. 

Eleanor. 

Mary,  m. Morgan. 

Maria. 
Daniel  Nickerson,  m.  Mehitable  Hurlburt.  d.  Titus,  sen. 
Issue  :   Eustace,  m.  Maria  Gavel,  d.  Andrew. 

Edward,  m.  Agnes  Hatfield,  d.  Nathaniel. 

Daniel,  m.  Louisa  Cline. 

Cynthia,  m.  Nehemiah  Andrews,  s.  John. 

Hannah,  m.  J.  Norris  Raynard,  s.  Edward. 
John  Gavel,  sen.,  came  from  New  York  to  Shelburne,  and  ihence  to        e'er;. 

He  married  ,  and  had  issue  :  — 


254  GA  VEL.  —  A  NDRE  WS. 

John  Gavel,  continued. 

George,  m. Fraser. 

John,  m.  Phoebe  Hatfield,  d.  James,  sen. 
Catharine,  m.  Job  Raynard,  sen. 

I.  William  N.  Halstead,  sen. 


Elizabeth,  m.  , 

2.  William  Ilurlburt,  sen.,  s.  Titus. 

George  Gavel,  s.  John,  m. Fraser. 

Issue  :   John,  m.  Lydia  Barrows,  d.  Abner. 

Abraham  L.,  m. Dayton. 

George,  m  Gilliiand. 

William,  m. Sweeney. 

Catharine,  m.  Titus  Hurlburt  2d,  s.  Titus. 

Elizabeth,  m. Gilliiand. 

Sarah,  ni.  David  Hatfield,  s.  Jacob  Lyon. 

Mary,  m.  David  Hamilton,  s.  Daniel. 

Ann,  m.  Henry  Hamilton,  s.  Daniel. 

Phoebe,  m.  Job  Hurlburt,  s.  Titus,  sen. 

Deacon  John  Gavel,  s.  John,  m.  Phcebe  Hatfield,  d.  James,  sen. 

j  T.  Hannah  Crocker,  d.  Daniel  2d. 
Issue  :    Andrew,  m    \ 

(  2.  Sarah  Hobbs. 

Jacob  H.,  m.  Sarah  Hurlburt,  d.  Titus  2d. 

John,  ni.  Ann  Hatfield,  d.  Capt.  James. 

William  H.,  m.  Maria  Crosby,  w.  Abijah. 

Mary,  m.  James  King,  s.  Robert. 

Bridget,  m.  Daniel  Hamilton,  s.  Daniel. 

Phoebe,  m.  Job  Hamilton,  s.  Daniel. 

Jane,  m.  John  Hatfield,  s.  Jacob  Lyon. 

Eliza,  m.  Abram  Smith  Lent,  s.  Rev.  James. 

Samuel  Andrews,  from  North  Carolina,  m.  Mary . 

Issue:   John,  m.  Rebecca  Morton. 

Robert,  m.  Mary  Powell, 

Abner,  m.  Sarah  Travis,  w.     No  issue. 

Joe],  emigrated. 

Thomas,  m.  Mary  Wood,  d.  John. 

Samuel,  emigrated. 

Nathan,  m. . 

David,  went  to  New  Brunswick,  and  married  there. 

Alexander,  m.  Hannah  Kinney,  d.  Nathan. 

I.  Eleanor  Hamilton,  d.  Daniel. 


William  W.,  m.   , 

Martha  MacConnell,  w.  James. 

Mary,  m.  Israel  Hurlburt,  s.  Titus,  sen. 

I.  John  Van  Emburg. 


Amelia,  m.  ,  ,         »      j 

,2.  William  Prosser,  from  London. 


ANDREWS.  255 


Samcel  Andrews,  continued. 

Sarah,  m.  John  Hurlburt,  sen.,  s.  Titus. 
Two  or  three  others  died  young. 
John  Andrews,  s.  Samuel,  m.  Rebecca  Morton. 

Issue  :   John,  m.  Jane . 

William,  m.  Isabella  Bullerwell,  d.  William. 
Joel,  ni.  Mary  Ann  Morton,  d.  Archibald. 

,  I.  Cynthia  Nickerson,  d.  Daniel. 


Nehemiah,  m. 

.  2.  Mary  Gavel,  d.  Andrew. 

( I.  John  Hamilton,  s.  Daniel. 
Martha,  m.  J 

( 2.  Charles  Andrews. 

Rebecca,  m.  Thomas  Bullerwell,  s.  William. 
Robert  Andrews,  s.  Samuel,  m.  M.\ry  Powell. 
Issue  :   Mary,  m.  John  W.  Hurlburt,  s.  John. 

Margaret,  m.  Israel  Hurlburt,  s.  Israel. 

Keziah,  m.  Joseph  Allen. 

Robert,  m.  Irene  Hurlburt,  d.  Isaac. 

John,  m.  Elizabeth  Trefry,  d.  Joshua. 

Elizabeth,  m.  William  Black. 

Bridget,  m.  Joseph  Enzer. 
Thomas  Andrews,  s.  Samuel,  m.  Mary  Wood,  d.  John. 
Issue  :    Samuel,  m.  Marie  Deveau. 

Maria. 

Mary. 

Christiana. 
Alexander  Andrews,  s.  Samuel,  m.  Hannah  Kinney,  d.  Nathan. 
Issue  :   Alexander,  m.  Orlinda  Hersey,  d.  Zadoc. 

W^illiam. 

Pearl. 

Mary. 

Hannah. 

,„    .  r-  ,         (1.  Eleanor  Hamilton,  d  Daniel. 

William  W.  Andrews,  s.  Samuel,  ni.  \ 

(2.  Martha  MacConnell,  w  James. 

Issue  :  William,  m.  Tabitha  Marling,  d.  Peter. 

David,  m.  Sarah  Marling,  d.  Peter. 

James,  m. .     Killed  in  American  war. 

Abner, 

Hannah,  m.  Charles  Gaffney. 

Ellen.  ^        . ii-^-     ^ 

Sophronia. 

Cord. lia,  died  unmarried.  --   = 

Mary  Jane,  died  unmarried. 


(I. 

Robert,  m.  J 


256  HA  LSTEA  D.  —  BLA  UVEL  T. 

William  \V.  Andrews,  contimted. 

Sarah,  died  unmarried. 

Janet,  died  unmarried. 

f  I.  Amelia  Van  Emburg,  w.  John. 
William  Prosser,  m.  | 

(  2.  Mary  Trask,  w.  John. 

Issue:   James,  m.  Emeline  Valpey,  d.  Calvin. 

I.  Mary  Dennis,  d.  Leonard. 

Emeline  Prosser,  w- James. 

William,  died  unmarried. 

John,  died  unmarried. 

By  2d  wife  :  — 

Frances,  m.  George  Smith. 

Joyce,  m.  Charles  Reeves,  s.  Edward. 

Edna,  m. . 

William    X.    Halstead   came   from  New   Jersey  to    Shelburne,  and   thence   to 

Tusket.     Married  Elizabeth  Gavel,  d.  John,  sen. 

Issue  :    William  N..  ni.  Mary  Kinney,  d.  John. 

George,  m.  Desire  Hatfield,  d.  Jacob,  jun. 

Sarah,  m.  John  Wood,  s.  John. 

William  N.  Hals'-ead  2d,  m.  Mary  Kinney,  d.  John. 

Issue  :  William,  went  to  Melbourne,  Australia. 

John,  ni.  Victoria  Paynard,  d.  Job  2d. 

Alice,  m.  Charl.       vppleton. 

GtORGE  Halstead,  s.  William  N.  ist,  m.  Desire  Hatfield,  d.  Jacob,  jun. 

Issue  :   George,  m.  Amanda  Jane  Burrell. 

Jacob  W.,  died  in  California. 

Agnes,  died  unmarried. 


Tunis  Blauvelt,  m.  j  /-  1   •  1 

"2.  Hannah  \an  Norden,  d.  Gabriel. 

Issue  :   Margaret,  m.  Aaron  Van  Buskirk. 

Jane,  m.  John  Williams. 
By  2d  w'ife  :  — 

Cornelius  V.  N.,  m.  Maria  Raynard,  w.  Job,  sen.     No  issue. 

James  R  ,  m.  Sarah  Hatfield,  d.  Jacob,  jun. 

Job,  m.  Theodosia  Hatfield,  d.  Jacob  Lyon. 

David,  m.  Margaret  Servant,  d.  Abraham. 

Aaron,  m.  Maria  Raynard,  d.  Job,  sen. 

Abram  L.,  m.  Zilpha  Hatfield,  d.  Abram  Marsh. 
James  R.  Blauvelt,  s.  Tunis,  m.  Sarah  Hatfield,  d.  Jacob,  jun. 
Issue  :   Eraser,  m.  Lucy  Gardner. 

Nathaniel,  m.  Harriet  J.  Sweeney,  d.  John. 

Franklin,  died  unmarried. 

Abram. 


SERVANT.  257 

James  R.  Blauvelt,  continued. 

Aaron. 

Hardy. 

Charles. 

James. 

Agnes,  m.  James  Brayne,  s.  William. 

Julia,  m.  James  Forster,  s.  James. 

Margery. 
Job  Blauvelt,  s.  Tunis,  m  Theodosia  Hatfield,  d.  Jacob  I.yon. 
Issue :   Job  Sterns,  m.  Charlotte  Perry. 

Aaron  Webb,  m.  Adeline  Hatfield,  d  William. 

John  R.,  m.  Anne  Knowles,  d.  Rev.  Charles. 

Charles,  died  unmarried. 

Jacob. 

Hannah  Maria,  m.  Henry  Wyman,  s.  Henry. 

Jane,  m.  Charles  Bennison,  s.  Samuel  W. 
David  Blauvelt,  s.  Tunis,  m.  Margaret  Servant,  d.  Abraham. 
Issue :    Maurice. 

Tunis,  m.  Sarah  Kavanagh,  d.  Simon. 

Abraham,  lost  at  sea. 

Robert  R.,  m.  Mahala  Robbins,  d.  Asa. 

Margaret,  m.  Samuel  Robbins,  s.  Samuel. 

Isabella,  m.  Alfred  Servant,  s.  Abraham  2d. 
Aaron  Blauvelt,  s.  Tunis,  m.  Maria  Ravnard,  d.  Job,  sen. 
Issue  :   Job,  m.  Margaret  Crosby,  d.  Capt.  William  2d. 

Avery,  in  England. 

Jane,  ni.  Frederick  Crosby. 

Ellen,  m.  Eraser  Gavel,  s.  George. 

Wallace,  m.  Eva  Gavel,  d.  Abner. 
Abram  L.  Blauvelt,  s.  Tunis,  m.  Zili'HA  Hatfield,  d.  Abram  Marsh. 
Issue:    Gertrude,  m.  Albert  Kempton. 

Ralph. 

Elizabeth. 

Robert,  died  unmarried. 

Yates,  died  unmarried. 

Magdalen,  died  unmarried. 

Mary,  died  unmarried. 

Abraham,  died  unmarried. 

Joseph,  died  unmarried. 
AiJRAHAM  Servant,  sen.,  m.  Penelope  Yarrow. 

Issue  :    iVbraham,  m.  Charity  Van  Norden,  d.  Stephen.         ------ 

James,  m.  Hannah  Hatfield,  d.  Jacob  Lyon. 


258  LENT. 

Abraham  Servant,  continued. 

Jolin,  111.  Mary  Greenfield. 

Margaret,  m.  David  Hlauvelt,  s.  Tunis. 

Mary,  m.  Peter  Van  Norden,  s.  Stephen. 
Abraham  Servant  2d,  s.  Abraham,  ni.  Charity  Van  Xorden,  d.  Stephen. 
Issue  :   Zeljulon,  m.  Mary  I'orter,  d.  Ghipnian. 

Alfred,  m.  Isabella  Blauvelt,  d.  David. 

Penelope,  m.  Charles  Savary. 

Henrietta,  died  unmarried. 

Rebecca,  m.  Joseph  Saunders,  s.  Abner. 

Charlotte,  ni. Grouse. 

Sarah,  m.  Norman  Moses. 
James  Servant,  s.  Abraham,  m.  Hannah  Hati-ield,  d.  Jacob  Lyon. 
Issue  :    William,  m.  Jane  Williams,  d.  John. 

Laura,  m.  Rufus  Crowcll. 

Jacob. 

James. 

Eleanor. 

Theodosia. 

Cornelius,  drowned. 
John'Servant,  s.  Abraham,  m.  Mary  Greenfield. 
Issue  :    Gabriel. 

John,  died  unmarried. 

Elizabeth,  m.  John  N.  Purdy,  s.  Robert. 
James  Lent,  sen.,  m.  ISridcet  Smith  of  New  York. 
I.  Lydia  Jeffery,  d.  Matthew  ist. 


Issue  :   James,  m.  ,  . 

(  2.  Elizabeth  Harding,  d.  Rev.  Hams. 

Abram,  m.  Mary  Hatfield,  d.  Jacob  Lyon.     No  issue. 

Peter,  died  unmarried. 

Elizabeth,  m.  Capt.  James  Hatfield,  s.  Jacob  Lyon. 

ii.  Lyuia  Jeffery,  d.  Matthew  ist. 
2.  Ei.izAiiF.TH  Harding,  d.  Rev.  Harris. 
Issue  :   James  M.,  m.  Theodosia  Cochran,  i->   New  York. 
Abram  S  ,  m.  Eliza  Gavel,  d.  Deacon  John. 
Lydia,  m.  Thomas  Kirby,  M.D. 
Bridget,  m.  Stephen  N.  Allen,  s.  James. 
Alice,  m.  Alfred  Crosby,  s.  Capt.  William  ist. 

I.  Charlotte  Vaughan,  d.  Capt.  Daniel. 


William,  m.  ,  .  ,    „  ,.,.,.. 

2.  Matilda  Brown,  w.  William. 

Harris  H  ,  m.  Alice  Cook. 

Julia,  m.  Archibald  Ray. 


JEFFERY.  259 

Matthew  Jeffery,  sen.,  came  from  Glasgow  to  Halifax  and  Shelburne,  and  from 
thence  to  Argyle,  where  he  settled  at  the  foot  of  Eel  Lake  upon  the 
property  afterward  owned  by  Joseph  Josuti  Pothier.  About  sixty  years 
ago,  Mr.  Jeffery,  with  his  wife  and  three  sons,  John,  Amos,  and  Robert, 
removed  to  Canada. 
Matthew  Jeffery,  m.  Lydia  Randall. 
Issue  :    Elizabeth,  m.  Nathaniel  Hobbs. 

John,  m. Travis. 

I.  Hannah  Frost. 


Matthew,  m.  , 

2.  Mary  Elwell,  w.  John. 

David,  m.  Joanna  Spinney. 

Archibald,  m.  Mary  Frost. 

f  t.  Sarah  Barrows,  d.  Abner. 

Andrew,  m.    \  2.  Elizabeth  Hemeon,  d.  Adam. 
1 
[3.  Isabella  Andrews,  w.  William. 

Ellen,  m. Ennis. 

Lydia,  m.  Rev.  James  Lent,  s.  James. 

Robert,  m. Griffin. 

Amos,  m. Griffin. 

Nathaniel  Hobbs,  m.  Elizabeth  Jeffery,  d.  Matthew,  sen. 

Issue  :   Jane,  m. Hemeon. 

Eleanor,  ni. Hemeon. 

Adeline,  m. C     ".n 

Isaac. 

;  I.  Hannah  Frost. 


Matthew  Jeffery  2d.,  s.  Matthew,  m.  , 

'-    Mary  Elwell,  W.John. 

I-sue  :  Lydia,  ni.  Theodore  Churchill,  s.  Lemuel  2d. 

Abigail,  m.  James  Xickerson. 

Freeman,  m.  Rebecca  Gardner,  d.  Reuben. 

Matthew,  m.  Elizabeth  MacKinnon,  d.  Colin. 

Stephen,  died  young. 

George,  m.  in  California. 

James,  m.  Mary  Dennis,  d.  Ambrose  3d. 

Stephen,  m.  Louisa  Kenney. 

Archibald  Jeffery,  s.  Matthew  ist.,  m.  Mary  Frost, 

f  I.  Zilpha  Landers,  d.  Thorndvke. 
I 
Issue  :   Joseph,  m.    \  2.  Mary  Pitman,  d.  Joseph. 

[  3.  Sarah  Perry. 

Stephen,  m.  Lydia  Nickerson. 

Amos,  m. Rogers,  d.  Levi. 

Mary,  m.  Abram  L.  Hatfield,  s.  Capt.  James. 

Elizabeth,  m.  William  Hatfield,  s.  Jacob  Lyon. 

Lydia,  m.  William  Hatfield,  s.  Jacob  Lyon. 


26o  VAX  NORDEN. 


Andrew  Jeffery,  s.  ^[atthew  ist,  m. 


■  I.  Sarah  Barrows,  d.  Abner. 

-    2.  Ki.iZAHETH  Hemeon,  d.  Adam. 

3.  Isabella  Andrews,  w.  William. 

Issue  :    i<S23.    April   8.     Sarah,  m.  John  B.  Dodge  of  Annapolis. 

1S23.    April   8.     Lydia,  m.  George  Dodge  of  Annapolis. 

1828.     April  22.     .Andrew  H.,  m.  abroad. 

1830.     Feb.   12.     IMary  M.,  m.  Rufiis  N.  Robbins,  s.  Rufus  N. 

1S32.     Feb.     5.     Archibald,  m.  Ruth  Purdy,  d.  Robert  of  Plymouth. 

( I.  Austen  Burdick  of  New  Haven,  Conn. 
1S34.     Dec.  13.     Adelaide,   m.    j 

(  2.  Joel  Coffin  of  New  York. 

1837.  Aug.  18.  Thomas  B.,  ni.  Mary  Purdy,  d.  Robert  of  Plymouth. 

1839.  Oct.   30.  Melissa  A.  J.,  m.  Henry  Bailey  of  Middletown,  Conn. 

1843.  July     5.  Elizabeth  H.,  m.  Hiram  C.  Beardsley  of  Meriden,  Conn. 

1847.  Aug.  26.  John  \V.,  m.  Sarah  Smithers  of  Havelton,  N.Y. 

1849.  Jan.   30.  David  C,  m.  Charlotte  J.  Potts  of  Michigan. 

1850.  Oct.  II.  Rufus  J.,  m.  Hannah  Sims,  d.  Ceorge  2d. 
1855.  Feb.  27.  George  D.,  m.  Albina  Wyman,  d.  Israel. 
1855.  P'eb.  27.  Amos  R.,  died  in  childhood. 

1861.    Jan.     4.     Amos  R.,  m.  Eleanor  Balfour  Beaton,  d.  John  of  River- 
dale. 
David  Jeffery,  s.  Matthew  ist,  m.  Joanna  Spinney. 
Issue  :    Robert,  m.  Catharine  Pitman,  d.  .\sa. 

Aaron,  m.  Mercy  Ann  Goudey,  d.  Stejihen. 
John,  m.  Eunice  Frost. 

I.  Freeman  Tra.sk,  s.  James. 


Susan,  m. 

2.  James  D.  Archibald. 

Joanna,  m.  Jesse  Churchill,  s.  Thomas. 

Gabriel  Van  Norden,  son  of  John  and  Theodosia  Van  Norden,  born  Oct.  25, 

1737,  m..  May  19,  1757,  Jane  Westervelt,  daughter  of  Stephen  and 

Helligont  Westervelt,  born  Feb.  20,  1741. 

Issue:    1758.     John,  m.  Magdalen  Maine,  d.  John. 

1760.    Cornelia,  m.  Andrew  Van  Buskirk. 

1763.     Stephen,  m.  Henrietta  Earl,  d.  Peter. 

1765.    Cornelius,  m.  Phcebe  Smith,  d.  Job.     No  issue. 

1767.    Theodosia,  died  1779. 

1770.     Hannah,  m.  Tunis  Blauvelt. 

1772.    Mary,  m.  Jacob  Lyon  Hatfield. 

1774.    Abigail,  m.  Henry  Saunders,  s.  Joseph. 

1776.    David,  m.  Mary  Cain,  d.  James  ist.     No  issue. 

1779.    Elsey,  died  in  infancy. 

Jane  Van   Norden  died  Dec.    iS,  1779,  in  her  thirt) -ninth   year.    Gabriel  Van 

Norden  m.  next,  on  March  29,    1780,  Magdalen  Maine,  widow  of 

John  Maine,  and  had  issue  :  — 


I'AJV  NORDEN.  26 1 

CIabriel  Van  Norden,  continued. 

1781.  Gabriel,  died  1783. 

1782.  William,  died  in  infancy. 

1784.  Jane,  m.  Col.  Job  Hatfield. 

1785.  Sarah,  died  in  infancy. 

17S7.  Sarah,  ni.  William  Robertson. 

1789.  Gabriel  Bydder,  m.  Charlotte  Timpany,  d.  Major  Robert. 

1790.  Elizabeth,  m.  John  Williamson. 
1794.  Theodosia,  m.  Charles  C.  Coffin. 

The  foregoing  is   a  transcript  from  the  record  in  the  Van  Norden  family  Bible, 

printed  at  Amsterdam,  A.D.  1671. 

John  Van  Norden,  s.  Gabriel,  m.  Magdalen  Maine,  d.  John. 

Issue:   Sarah,  m.  Col.  Bazalgette. 

Stephen  Van  Norden,  s.  Gabriel,  m.  Henrietta  Earl,  d.  Peter. 

Issue  :    Peter,  m.  Mary  Servant,  d.  Abraham,  sen. 

Gabriel,  ni.  Mary  Williams  of  She'burne. 

Charity,  m.  Abraham  Servant  2d,  s.  Abraham. 

Stephen,  m.  Ann  Geddes. 

John,  m.  Lucy  Morse. 

Jane,  m.  Sealed  Landers  4th,  s.  John  ist. 

Abraham,  m. Snow  of  Port  La  Tour.     No  issue. 

Rachel,  not  married. 

Peter  Van  Xordkn,  s.  Stephen,  m.  Mary  Servant,  d.  Abraham,  sen. 

Issue  :    David,  died  unmarried. 

Rowland,  m.  Emily  Jane  Earl,  d.  Abram,  sen. 

May,  m.  Edward  Earl,  s.  Abram,  sen. 

(  I.  Job  Williams,  s.  John. 
Catharine,  m.  \ 

(  2.  Jacob  Vickery,  s.  Jacob. 

Gabriel  Van  Norden,  s.  Stephen,  m.  Mary  Williams  of  Shelburne. 

Issue  :   John,  m.  Wealthy  Swaine. 

Mary  Jane,  m.  Clark  Wetmorc,  s.  John. 

Stephen,  lost  at  sea. 

Howard,  m.  Annis  Crosby,  d.  Lemuel. 

Alfred,  m.  '  faria  Crosby,  d.  Lemuel. 

Phcebe,  died  unmarried,  »t.  18. 
Henry  Saunders,  s.  Joseph,  m.  Abigail  Van  Norden,  d.  Gabriel,  sen. 
Issue  :    1797.     Stephen,  m.  Lois  Moses,  d.  William. 

1798.    Jane,  m.  Stephen  Poole  of  Paradise,  N.S. 

1800.     Richard,  m.  Desire  Cahoon  of  Port  Medway. 

1S03.     Henry,  m.  .Sarah  Saunders,  d.  William. 

1805.     Asaph,  m.  Olive  Cook,  d.  Manasseh. 

1808.     Mary,  died  unmarried. 


262  l-'AA'  NORDEN. 

Henry  Saunders,  contintied. 

1811.     Rufiis  J-,  m.  %fary  Ann  Harris,  d.  William. 

l8i2.     David  V.  N.,  m.  Mary  Curry,  d.  Eliphalet. 

1815.     Edward,  died  unmarried. 

181S.     Abigail,  died  unmarried. 
Sealed  Landers  4th,  s.  John  ist,  m.  Jane  Van  Norden,  d.  Stephen. 
Issue  :   Joseph,  lost  at  sea  ;  unmr.rried. 

David  V.  N..  m.  Elizaljeth  Shaw,  d.  Jesse. 

Sealed,  died  in  West  Indies  ;  unnjarried. 

Stephen,  m.  Isabella  Adams  of  Massachusetts. 

John  Nelson,  m.  Elizabeth  Hlackadar,  d.  Christopher. 

Lydia,  m.  Israel  Whitehouse,  s.  Joseph. 

Mary,  m.  George  Strickland,  s.  Jonathan. 

Rachel,  m.  Thomas  Savage. 
John  Van  Norden,  s.  Stephen,  m.  Lucy  Morse. 
Issue  :   Abner  M.,  m. Spinney. 

Emeline,  died  unmarried. 

Caroline,  died  unmarried. 

And  others  who  died  young. 
Gabriel  Bydder  Van   Norden,  s.  Gabriel    ist,  m.  Charlotte    Timpany,    d. 
Major  Robert. 
Issue:    Sarah  A.,  m.  David  Smith,  M.D.,  of  New  York. 

Magdalen,  m.  Peter  Ogden  of  New  York. 

Jane,  m.  Charles  Hine  of  New  York. 

Mary  Ann,  m.  Rev.  Richard  Avery. 

(  I.  Kliza  Kingav,  w.  John  G. 
Robert,  m.    1 

(  2.  Catharine  Glass-ford  of  California. 

Maria,  m.  George  H.  Redding,  s.  Fitz  W. 

Thomas,  m.  in  California. 

John  Williamson,  m.  Elizabeth  Van  Norden.  d.  Gabriel,  sen. 

Issue  :   Mary  Ann,  m.  John  Maclntyre  of  New  York. 

John,  a  cosmopolitan,  followed  the  sea. 

Jane,  m. Olmstead,  M.D.,  of  New  York. 

Theodosia,  m.  Robert  Phipps. 

Ellen,  m.  Samuel  Avery,  M.D.,  of  New  York. 

George,  went  to  Australia  in  1852. 

Robert,  m.  Eleanor  Ann  Brown,  d.  Robert. 

James,  now  in  California. 

Eliza,  m.  David  Sterritt  of  New  York. 

Thomas  Avery,  m.,  and  now  in  San  Francisco. 

Malvinia,  m.  Amos  Chase  of  New  York. 

Avery,  died  in  West  Indies. 


EARL.  263 

WiLUAM  RonERTSON,  m.  Sarah  Van  Nouden,  d  Gabriel,  sen. 
Issue  :   John,  m.  Susan  Stalker. 

Sarah,  m.  Thomas  Crovvell. 

William,  m.  Anne  flomer. 

Robert,  m.  Sarah  Richan,  d.  William. 

Janet,  died  unmarried. 

Gabriel,  m.  Isabella  Stalker. 

Charles,  died  unmarried. 

Thomas,  m.  Letitia  Crowell. 

Maria,  m.  Daniel  Sargent. 
Charles  C.  Coffin,  m.  Theodosia  Van  Norden,  d.  Gabriel,  sen. 
Issue  :    Miriam,  m. Ferrand. 

Eliza,  died  unmarried. 

Magdalen,  m.  Robert  Prothero. 

Paul  Chase,  m.  Frances  Brown  of  New  York. 

Frances,  m.  Samuel  Shether. 

Charles,  died  in  infancy. 

Charles. 

Peter  Karl,  m. . 

Issue  :    Henrietta,  m.  Stephen  Van  Norden,  s.  Gabriel  ist. 

Elsie,  m. Crowell. 

Enoch. 

Abraham,  m.  Clara  Wyman,  d.  James. 

,  m.  Samuel  Robbins. 

Abraham  Karl,  s.  Peter,  m.  Clara  Wy>l\n,  d.  James. 

Issue  :   John,  m.  Levisa  Whitehouse. 

(  I.  Zebina  Shaw,  s.  Moses. 
Drusilla,  m    J 

(  2.  Zachariah  Churchill,  s.  Zaccheus. 

Eleanor,  m.  Angus  Walker,  s.  James. 

(  I.  Mary  Van  Norden,  d.  Peter. 
Edward,  m.  ) 

(  2.  Tinkham,  w. 

William,  unmarried;  lost  at  sea. 

Abraham,  m.  Wealthy  Ann  Sweeney,  d.  James. 

David,  m.  Mary  MacKinnon,  d.  Major  John. 

Lorenzo,  m.  Lois  Kinney,  d.  Rufus. 

Anne,  m.  Charles  Kinney,  s.  Rufus. 

Alice,  died  unmarried. 

Emily  Jane,  m.  Rowland  Van  Norden,  s.  Peter. 

Mary,  m.  Thomas  Purdy,  s.  Joseph. 

Elizabeth,  m.  Daniel  Bennison. 

1.  Jane  Smith.    No  issue. 

2.  Jane  Van  Norden,  d.  Gabriel,  sen. 
Issue:    1801.     Cornelius  V.  X.,  died  unmarried. 


Col.  Job  Hatfield,  s.  John,  m.  \ 


\ 


264  HATFIHLD. 

Col.  Job  Hatfield,  continual. 


1802.    John  V.  N.,  m.    I 


John  Van  Norden  Hatfield,  s.  Col.  Job,  m.  | 


I.  Sarah  Hatfield,  d.  Jacob  Lyon. 
!  2.  Marv  K.  Kendrick. 

1803.  Deborah,  m.  Benjamin  Trefry,  s.  Joshua. 

1804.  Gabriel,  married  and  died  in  the  Western  States. 
1808.     Phoebe,  m.  Edward  H.  Hingay. 

18 10.  Magdalen,  m.  Stephen  V.  Kinney,  s.  John.     Went  to  Michigan. 

181 1.  Jane,  m.  Charles  Tooker,  s.  Joseph. 
1813.    Job,  a  bachelor. 

1817.     Margery,  m.  Edgar  Grantham,  s.  Rev.  Thomas. 

1819.     Theodosia,  m.  James  Trefry,  s.  James  2d. 

(  I.  John  G.  Hingay,  s.  IJeniamin. 
1823.     Sarah  Eliza,  m.  "^  *=  ^  ^ 

'  2.  Robert  Van  Norden,  s.  Gabriel  B. 

Note.  —  Maria,  d.  John  G.  and  Sarah  E.  Bingay,  m.  James  Wentworth  Bingay. 
Charlotte,  d.  Robert  and  Sarah  E.  Van  Norden,  m.  Edgar  Clements. 

1.  Sarah  Hatfield,  d.  Jacob  Lyon. 

2.  Mary  E.  Kkndrick. 
Issue  :    Two  sons  died  in  infancy. 

Lois  Ann,  m.  Henry  T.  Goudey,  s.  George. 
Job  Lyon,  m.  Martha  Harding,  d.  Israel. 
Mary,  xvf.  Samuel  J.  Hatfield,  s.  Jacob  3d. 
Eliza,  m.  Edward  B.  Hatfield,  s.  Jacob  3CI. 
Jane,  m.  N.  J.  B.  Tooker,  s.  Charles. 
Charlotte  V.  N.  m.  Edward  N.  Moody,  s.  Elisha  W.  B. 
By  2d  wife  :  — 
Abel. 
Margaret. 
Cornelia. 
Andrew. 
Jacob  Tooker,  s.  Joseph,  m.  Margery  Hatfield,  sister  of  Col.  Job. 
Issue  :    1765.     Mary,  m.  Jol.n  Kreuzer  of  .Staten  Island. 

(  I.  Dennis  Van  Toyle. 

1767.  Deborah,  m.    ) 

'  I  2.  Job  Smith. 

1768.  Joseph,  m.  Lois  Barnard,  d.  Benjamin. 

( I.  David  Thompson  of  Dundee. 
1771.     Margery,  m.    \ 

(  2.  Benjamin  Barnard  2d,  s.  Benjamin. 

\  I.  Rufus  Utley,  s.  Nathan  ist. 

1773.     Sarah,  m.    \   2.  William  Grayson  of  Liverpool,  England. 

[  3.  Peach  of  New  York. 

!i.  David  Thompson  of  Dundee. 
2.  Benjamin  Barnard  2d,  s.  Benjamin. 
Issue  :   Two  sons,  died  unmarried. 


TOOK'ER.  265 

Margrry  Tooker,  cfltitiiiiifii. 

Margery  Thompson,  m.  llernard  Hannah.   Mrs.  G.  J.  Farish,  their  daughter. 

Jane  Thompson,  m.  James  Hunter,  s.  George. 

Deborah  Thompson,  m.  Loran  Dewolfe  Ellis,  s.  Deacon  Joseph. 

Mary  Ar\ne  Thompson,  m.  Fitz  W.  Redding. 

Thomas  liarnard,  died  unmarried. 

Anne  Barnard,  m.  John  Flint,  s.  David. 

Lois  and  Elizabeth,  died  unmarried. 
Fitz  W.  Redding,  m.  Mary  Ann  Thompson,  d.  David. 
Issue  :    Benjamin  B.,  m.  Mary  Putnam. 

Lucy  S.,  m.  J.  Whitney  Jones. 

Mary,  m.  Reuben  Z.  Clements,  s.  Elkanah  2d. 

George  \l.,  m.  Maria  Van  Norden,  d.  Gabriel  B. 

Anne,  m.  George  C.  Garrison  of  St.  John,  N.B, 

William,  died  unmarried. 

And  two  other  sons  William  died  young. 
John  Flint,  s.  David,  m.  Ann  Barnard,  d.  Benjamin  2d. 
Issue:   Margery,  m.  Lorenzo  D.  Raymond. 

Ann,  m.  Rev.  W.  C.  Brown. 

Jane,  m.  Thomas  M.  Lewis,  s.  Charles. 

Thomas  B.,  m.  Mary  Dane,  d.  Thomas  B. 

John  C,  died  at  Bermuda  unmarried. 

Aaron,  died  in  childhood. 

Lois,  died  in  childhood. 
RuFUS  Uti.ev,  s.  Nathan  ist,  m.  .Sarah  Tooker,  d.  Jacob 
Issue  :  Jacob,  m.  Abigail  Keliey,  d.  Jacob. 

Hannah,  m.  Walter  Hayse  of  New  York. 

Sarah,  m.  Francis  Crichton  of  New  York. 

Margery,  m. Lenora  of  New  York. 

Jacob  Utlev,  s.  Rufus,  m.  .Xbigail  Kelley,  d.  Jacob. 
Issue:  Jacob,  m.  Sarah  H.  Hattield,  d.  Jacob  3d. 

William,  m.  Elizabeth  Emerson  of  Hull. 

Charles,  lost  in  Melrose.     Unmarried. 

Sarah,  m.  Pearl  Durkee,  s.  Amasa  2d. 

( I.  Augustus  W.  Balkam,  s.  Laban  S. 
Deborah,    m.    { 

(  2.  Herbert  Redding. 

Ellen,  m.  Lyman  Kelley,  s.  Daniel. 

Joseph  Tooker,  s.  Jacob,  m.  Lois  Barnard,  d.  Benjamin,  sen. 

Issue:   1793.     Thomas  B.,  m.  Alice  James.     Had  one  d.,  died  young. 

1795.     Deborah,  m.  James  Bond,  s.  Joseph  N. 

1797-    Joseph,  m.  Mary  Patch,  d.  Nehemiah. 

1799.     Lois,  died  young.        ^       -  - 


266  IVOA'i-SA'. 

JOSEI'H    TOOKER,    (OH/inUft/. 

1801.    Jaco'i,  (lied  unmarried,  act.  ;i. 

1804.     lienjamin,  m.  Lydia  Wyman,  d.  Jesse. 

„  ^      T  ,  ( I.  Lucv  Clements,  d   Reuben. 

1S06.     John,  ni.    J 

(  2.  Emily  Ilersey. 
1808.     Mary,  m.  Joiin  Fornian.     Mrs.  James  I!.  Moody,  their  only  daughter. 
iSio.     Charles,  m.  Jane  I  latficld,  d.  Col.  Job. 
1812.     George  W.,  ni   Kliza  Parish,  d.  Henry  C.     No  issue. 

1814.  Loi?,   .1.  Then  .  s  V.  B.  Hingay,  s.  John. 
I017.     Margery,  died  unmarried. 

1819.  Sarah,  m.  William  K.  Alden.     They  had  two  daughters  :  — 

(I.  Teed. 

Tulia,  m.    I 

•'  (z.  William  Hall. 

Sarah,  m.  Clarence  Keid. 

JA.MES  Bono,  s.  Joseph  N.,  m.  Df.hur  vH  Tooker,  d.  Joseph. 

(  I.  John  H.  Collins  of  Boston. 
Issue:   1S14.     Deborah,  m.    !  .,,,.,,    ^  „ 

(  2.  Joseph  H.  Ward  of  Boston. 

1815.  Stephen,  died  unmarried,  ;ct.  25. 
181S.     Anne,  m.  James  Murray,  s.  John. 

1820.  Elizabeth,  m.  George  S.  Brown,  s.  Stayley. 
1822.     Norman  J.,  m.  Jane  Moody,  d.  Elisha  W.  B. 
1824.     Maria,  died  unmarried,  a;t.  38. 

Joseph  Tooker  2d,  s.  Joseph,  m.  Mary  Patch,  d.  Nehemiah  2d. 
Issue  :   Jacob,  died  at  Rio  Janeiro,  1850,  act.  27. 

Alice  James,  m.  Michael  Ivers,  .s.  Michael. 

Mary  Forman,  died  unmarried,  1S67,  oet.  38. 

Lois. 

Joseph  P.,  died  unmarried. 

James,  m. 

Deborah  B. 

Isabella,  died  unmarried. 

William  P.,  m. Keliey,  d.  Norman  J. 

Sarah  Elizabeth. 

Jane  Hatfield,  m.  Henry  Allen,  s.  Jacob. 

Henry  Forman,  died  young. 
Benjamin  Tooker,  s.  Joseph,  m.  Lydia  Wyman,  d.  Jesse. 
Issue  :   Jacob,  died  young. 

George  W.,  m.  Phoebe  Smith,  d.  John. 

Thomas  B.,  m.  Eliza  J.  Smith,  d.  Benjamin. 

John  Forman,  m. 

Jesse,  m. 

Sarah,  m.  Harvey  Eldridge,  s.  Harvey. 


TOOKER.  267 

BkNJAMIN    TooKF.R,  lontiniiiil. 

I.ois,  ni. Forster,  s.  James. 

Jacob. 

Joseph  B. 

Sumner. 

J.iiiics  lliidd. 

^  (1.   (.1  (  Y  Ci.EMKNTs,  il.  Reuben,  sen. 

JOHN  TooKER,  s.  Joseph,  m. 

Issue  :   Joseph,  m.  Isabella  Ilaidy,  d.  ('apt.  John. 

Reul)en  C,  m.  Leonora  IJcardsley  of  I.a  Heve,  N.S. 

Anne  A.,  m.  Lorenzo  I).  R.iymond. 

Lliza  M.,  m.  W.  15.  Townsend,  High  Sheriff. 

Margery  F".,  m.  Charles  L.  Hurd  of  "  Boston  Transcript." 

John,  died  unmarried. 
Chari.es  Tooker,  s.  Joseph,  m.  Jane  ILvrFiEi.n,  d.  Col.  Job. 
Issue  :    Ann  Hurd,  m.  Alfred  Grantham,  s.  Rev.  Thomas. 

George  W.  I!.,  m.  Harriet  Cann,  d.  Lyman,  sen. 

Charles  J.  1! ,  m.  Julia  Ryerson,  d.  John  K. 

Norman  J.  H.,  m.  Jane  Hatfield,  d.  Capt.  John  V.  N. 

Frances  G.  C,  m.  William  A.  Chase,  .s.  Rev.  John. 
Thomas  V.  H.  Bin(-.ay,  s.  John,  m.  1.  Lois  Tooker,  d.  Joseph,  sen. 
Issue  :   Thomas,  died  in  Australia,  unmarried. 

Charles,  lost  at  sea. 

Sarah,  died  in  infancy. 
Mr.  Bingay  m.  2.  Makgaret  J.  Moody,  d.  James  B.,  sen. 
Issue  :   James  Wentworth,  m.  Maria  B.  liingay,  d.  John  G. 

George,  m.  Susan  Cornelia  Stryker. 

Thomas  V.  B.,  m.  Georgina  Tooker,  d.  George  W.  B. 

Henry. 

John. 

Jacob. 

Maria,  died  in  childhood. 


CHAPTER   XVI. 

Ranald  MacKinnon  of  Argyle.  —  A  Native  of  the  Island  of  Skye.  —  Related  to  the  Chief 
of  the  Clan  MacKinnon. — Joined  the  Montgomery  Highlanders  as  Ensign  in  1757. — 
Came  to  America  in  June,  1757.  —  Engaged  in  the  Expedition  of  1758  against  Fort 
du  Oiiesne.  —  Promoted  to  a  Lieutenancy.  —  Wounded  in  1 760  while  engaged  in  an 
Expedition  against  the  Cherokees.  —  Lord  Chatham's  Eulogy  on  the  Highland  Regiments. 
—  .Sketch  of  Some  Highknd  Regiments. — The  First  One,  the  "  Black  Watch,"  or 
Forty-second  Regiment,  formeJ  in  1740.  —  The  .Second,  the  Loudon  Highlanders,  in 
1745.  —  The  Third,  the  Montgomery  Highlanders,  or  Seventy-seventh  Regiment,  in 
January,  1757. — OfTicers  of  the  Montgomery  Highlanders.  —  Their  Career  in  America 
from  1758  *^^o  the  Clcse  of  the  War  in  1763.  —  .Addresses  of  Sir  Colin  Campbell  and 
Sir  James  C/utram  to  the  Highland  Regiments  in  the  Crimea  and  in  India.  —  Sketch 
of  the  Clan  MacKinnon,  and  of  Some  Events  in  .Scottish  History  with  which  they  were 
concerned.  —  Flora  MacUonald.  —  Her  Connection  with  the  Family.  —  Charles  Edward 
Stuart's  Flight  after  the  Battle  of  CuUoden.  —  Narrative  of  his  .\dventures,  and  of  the 
Part  taken  by  the  Chief  of  the  Clan  MacKinnon  and  his  Kinsman  John  MacKinnon,  to 
assist  the  Prince  in  his  Escape  from  Skye. 

WE  have  seen  in  the  preceding  chapter  how  Tusket  became 
settled  by  men  from  the  revolted  colonies,  who  remained  loyal 
to  the  British  Government,  and,  having  seen  their  homes  broken  up  and 
their  estates  confiscated,  became  voluntary  exiles  to  the  wilds  of  Nova 
Scotia,  rather  than  submit  to  the  rule  of  the  usurp     i. 

Twenty  years  before  this,  Ranald  MacKlvnon  had  explored  the 
sea-coasts,  islands,  and  inlets  of  Argyle  ;  and,  having  met  with  nuch 
to  remind  him  of  the  romantic  scenery  of  his  native  islands,  he  resolved 
there  to  make  for  himself  a  new  home.  A  few  years  later,  when  the 
time  came  for  its  establishment,  he  was  granted  the  singular  distinction 
of  giving  the  name  to  the  township. 

Ranald  MacKinnon  belonged  to  a  family  long  distinguished  in  the 
annals  of  Scotland,  —  a  family  which  for  centuries  had  held  vast  posses- 
sions in  the  Western  Islands ;  some  of  them  indeed  lost  through  succes- 
sive dynastic  changes,  but  ending  with  their  co.mplete  confiscation,  in 
consequence  of  the  steadfast  allegiance  of  the  chief,  his  family,  and  his 
clan,  to  their  rightful  sovereigns  of  the  House  of  Stuart. 


RANALD   MACKINNON.  269 

Ranald  MacKinnon,  whose  ancestry  can  be  traced  directly  to 
Lachlan  Dhu,  chief  of  the  clan  in  1580,  was  a  native  of  Skye,  an 
island  whose  area  is  about  one  and  a  half  times  as  large  as  Yarmouth 
County  ;  it  being  45  miles  long,  with  an  average  width  of  15  miles.  In 
1750,  Skye  had  a  population  of  15,000;  in  1850,  of  about  23,000: 
and,  as  may  be  stated  on  the  authority  of  Dr.  Norman  MacLeod,  the 
island  has  furnished  to  the  British  service,  since  the  beginning  of 
the  last  wars  of  the  French  Revolution,  21  lieutenant-generals  and 
major-generals ;  45  heutenant-colonels ;  600  majors,  captains,  lieuten- 
ants, and  subalterns;  10,000  foot-soldiers;  120  pipers;  4  fuvernors  of 
British  colonies  ;  i  governor-general ;  i  adjutant-general ;  i  chief  baron 
of  England  ;  and  one  judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Scotland. 

Ranald  MacKinnon,  then  about  twenty  years  of  age,  joined  the 
"  Montgomery  Highlanders "  as  ensign  at  the  organization  of  that 
regiment  in  1757.  His  first  commission  bears  the  signature  of  William 
Pitt,  afterward  Lord  Chatham,  who,  from  his  place  in  Parliament  in 
1776,  pronounced  this  famous  eulogy  on  the  Highland  regiments  :  "I 
sought  for  merit  v.'herever  it  could  be  found.  It  is  my  boast  that  I  was 
the  first  minister  that  looked  for  it,  and  found  it,  in  the  mountains 
of  the  North.  I  called  it  forth,  and  drew  into  your  service  a  hardy  and 
intrepid  race  of  men,  —  men  who,  when  left  by  your  jealousy,  became 
a  prey  to  the  art'fices  of  your  enemies,  and  who  had  gone  nigh  to  have 
overturned  the  State  in  the  war  before  the  last.  These  men,  in  the  last 
war,  were  brought  to  combat  on  your  side.  They  served  with  fidelity 
as  they  fought  with  valor,  and  conquered  for  you  in  every  quarter  of  the 
world." 

The  "  Montgomery  Highlanders,"  having  embarked  at  Greenock, 
arrived  at  Halifax  in  June,  1757.  Their  first  service  was  in  the  expedi- 
tion against  Fort  Du  Quesne  (now  Pittsburg,  Penn.),  then  held  by  the 
Frencii.  After  the  capture  of  that  stronghold,  where  several  of  the  offi- 
cers were  killed,  Ensign  MacKinnon  was  promoted  to  a  lieutenancy. 
In  1 760  a  detachment  of  the  regiment,  of  which  his  company  formed 
a  part,  was  engaged  in  an  expedition  against  the  Cherokees,  when  some 
of  the  officers  were  killed,  and  Lieut.  MacKinnon  was  wounded. 
During  their  absence,  the  remainder  of  the  regiment  accompanied  the 
force  sent  against  Martinique  and  Havana;  and,  in  1762,  the  two  com- 


2/0  MACKINNON  GENEALOGY. 

panics  to  which  Lieut.  MacKinnon  was  attached,  formed  part  of  a 
small  force  which  embarked  al  New  York  for  Newfoundland  to  take 
possession  of  St.  John's,  tiien  held   by  the  French. 

At  the  termination  of  hostilities,  in  1 763,  Ranald  MacKinnon 
decided  to  remain  in  America.  From  Halifax  he  accompanied  the 
surveying  parties  despatched  by  the  Government  to  the  south-western 
coasts  of  the  province ;  and  he  then  became  acquainted  with  Argyle, 
where  he  spent  the  remainder  of  his  life,  excepting  an  occasional  resi- 
dence at  Halifax ;  at  Windsor,  where  lived  his  sister  Eleanor,  the  wife 
of  Capt.  Alexander  Campbell  of  the  "  Montgomery  Highlanders;"  and 
at  Shelburne. 

In  common  with  other  officers  of  the  Highland  regiments,  who 
were  rewarded  for  their  services  in  America  by  gra'  3  of  lands  in  differ- 
ent parts  of  Nova  Scotia,  Ranald  MacKinnon  received  extensive  grants 
of  lands  and  islands  in  Argyle.  He  was  one  of  the  first  magistrates 
appointed  for  the  district,  his  commission  bearing  date  1 766  ;  and  for 
forty  years  he  held  the  office  of  collector  of  customs  and  excise.  At 
the  outbreak  of  the  American  Rebellion,  and  the  organization,  in  1775, 
of  the  Eighty-fourth,  or  "  Royal  Highland  Emigrant  Regiment,"  he 
received  a  captain's  commission  in  that  regiment ;  and  the  following 
year  he  was  appointed  lieutenant-colonel,  and  placed  in  command  of 
the  loyal  militia  of  the  south-western  portion  of  Nova  Scotia. 

Ranald  MacKinnon,  married  at  Ilaiifax,  Nov.  20,  1766,  Lktitia,    daughter  of 
Major  Piggott.     They  had  five  sons  and  eight  daughters.     He  died  at  Shel- 
burne, April  28,  1805. 
Issue:    1767.    Elizabeth  Letitia,  m.  Eben'r  Hobbs.     Had  one  child,  d.  in  infancy. 

1769.  Anne,  died  unmarried,  £61.78. 

1770.  William,  m.  in  Spain,  and  died  there. 

1772.  Penelope,  in  Simeon  Frost,  s.  Joshua.    Had  one  child,  d.  in  infancy. 

1773.  Mary,  m.  Richard  Fletcher,  M.D.,  of  Sixth  Regiment. 

( I.  Elizabeth  Frost. 
177  c.    John,  m.    5 
"^     ^  (2.  Martha  Chandler,  w. 

1777.  Letitia,  died  unmarried. 

1779.  Ranald,  joined  army.     Supposed  killed  in  .Spain. 

^783.  Eleanor,  died  1797. 

1786.  Charlotte,  m.  William  Nickerson. 

1788.  Martha,  died  1790. 


MACKIAAOA  GENEALOGY.  2/1 

Ranald  MacKinnon,  lontimted. 

1789.     Archibald  MacArthur,  m.  Mary  Snyder  of  Shelburne. 

1792.     Robert  Colin,  m.  Rhoda  Kenney  of  Harrington. 

( I.  Ei.izAiiETH  Frost. 
John  MacKinnon,  s.  Ranald,  m    I 

(2.  Martha  Chandler. 

Issue  :    Mary  Fletcher,  died  a;t.  15. 

Eleanor  Jane,  m.  Jacob  Hatfield,  s.  Jacob  Lyon. 

Elizabeth,  m.  Eleazer  Crocker. 

Anne,  m.  Henry  Wyman,  s.  James. 

John,  m.  Abigail  F.  Oxton,  d.  William  of  Xewburyport,  Mass. 

Richard  Fletcher,  m.  Mary  MacDonnell  of  Prince  Edward  Island. 

Henry,  m.  Martha  A.  Spates,  d.  William  of  Newburyport,  Mass. 

George,  ni.  Anna  Hammond,  d.  Caleb  of  Newburyport,  Mass. 

Andrew,  m.  Rebecca  Frost,  d.  Jeremiah. 

Mary,  m.  David  Earl,  s.  Abram. 
Robert  Colin  MacKinnon,  s.  Ranald,  m.  Rhoda  Kenney  of  Barrington. 
Issue  :    Eleanor,  died  in  childhood. 

James,  died  in  childhood. 

Elizabeth,  m.  Matthew  Jeffery,  s.  Matthew  2d. 

Mary  Fletcher,  m.  James  Tait  of  Boston,  Mass. 

Emily,  m.  William  H.  Nickerson,  s.  William. 

Letitia,  m.  John  Morris  of  New  V'ork. 

Anne  Isabella,  m.  William  Edson  of  Bridgewater,  Mass. 

James,  m.  Catharine  Johnson  of  Prince  Edward  Island. 

Thomas  R.,  m.  Millicent  Foss  of  New  Hampshire. 

Rhoda,  m.  Barnard  MacNiel  of  Digby. 

Adah,  m.  Augustus  Perry  of  Stoneh;;m,  Mass. 

Jeannie,  died  in  childhood. 

Helen,  unmarried. 

Addison. 
Richard  Fletcher,  s.  George,  m.  >>  vsv  MacKinnon,  d.  Ranald. 
Issue  :    W'illiam,  died  in  West  Indies  ;  unmarried. 

Mary,  m.  Bela  Huntington,  s.  Miner. 

Charlotte  Letitia,  m.  Stayley  Brown,  s.  John. 

George  Stephen,  m.  Rebecca  Harding,  d.  Israel. 

Isabella  Antonia,  m.  Robert  S.  Eakins. 
William  Nickerson,  m.  Charlotte  MacKinnon,  d.  Ranald. 
Issue  :  Charlotte,  not  married. 

Caroline,  m. Kendricks  of  Barrington. 

Sophia,  m.  Samuel  W.  Bennison,  s.  John. 

William  H.,  m.  Emily  MacKinnon,  d.  Robert  Colin. 

Mary,  died  set.  13. 


2/2  THE  BLACK  WATCH. 

It  may  not,  to  the  descendants  of  Highlanders  at  least,  be  uninter- 
esting here  to  read  that  the  first  Highland  Regiment,  consisting  of  a 
thousand  men  and  called  the  Forty-third  Regiment,  was  embodied  in 
May,  1740.  But  in  1729  six  Highland  companies  were  raised,  which, 
from  forming  distinct  corps,  unconnected  with  each  other,  received  the 
appellation  of  "  Independent  Companies."  Three  of  these  companies 
consisted  of  a  hundred  men  each,  and  were  called  lar^^e  companies : 
Lord  Lovat,  Sir  Duncan  Campbell  of  Lochnell,  and  Col.  Grant  of 
Ballindalloch,  were  appointed  their  captains.  The  three  smaller  com- 
panies, consisting  of  seventy-five  men  each,  were  commanded  by 
Col.  Alexander  Campbell  of  Finah,  John  Campbell  of  Karrick,  and 
George  Munro  of  Calcairn,  under  the  title  of  captain-lieutenants.  To 
each  of  the  six  companies  were  attached  two  lieutenants  and  an  ensign. 

To  distinguish  them  from  the  regular  troops,  who  from  having  coats, 
waistcoats,  and  breeches  of  scarlet  clolh,  were  called  "  Saighdearan 
Dearg,"  or  red  soldiers,  the  Independent  Companies,  who  were  attired 
in  tartan,  consisting  mostly  of  black,  green,  and  blue,  were  designated 
"  Am  Freice.\dan  Dubh,"  or  "  Bu\ck  Watci'i,"  from  the  sombre 
appearance  of  their  dress. 

As  the  services  of  these  companies  were  not  recjuired  beyond  their 
own  territory,  and  as  the  members  were  not  subjected  to  the  humiliating 
provisions  of  the  Disarming  Act,  no  difficulty  was  found  in  forming  them  ; 
and  when  completed  they  presented  the  singular  spectacle  of  a  number 
of  young  men  of  respectable  imilies  serving  as  privates  in  the  ranks. 
Mc.ny  of  the  men  who  composed  these  companies  were  of  a  higher 
station  in  society  than  that  from  which  soldiers  in  general  are  raised.  -  - 
cadets  of  gentlemen's  families,  sons  of  gentlemen  farmers,  men  who  felt 
themselves  responsible  for  their  conduct  to  high-minded  and  honorable 
families,  as  well  as  to  a  country  for  which  they  cherished  a  devoted  affec- 
tion. In  addition  to  the  advantages  derived  from  their  superior  rank  in 
life,  they  possessed  in  an  eminent  degree  that  of  a  commanding  external 
deportment ;  special  care  being  iaken  in  selecting  men  of  full  height, 
well-proportioned,  and  of  handsome  appearance. 

These  Independent  Companies  existed  until  1739,  when  Government 
resolved  to  raise  four  additional  companies,  and  to  form  the  whole  into 
a  regiment  of  the  line  of  a  thousand  men,  embodied,  as  above  stated, 


THE  HIGHLAND  REGIMEXTS.  273 

in  1740  as  the  Forty-third  Regiment,  although  they  still  retained  the 
country  name  of  the  "  Black  Watch." 

In  1 749  the  number  of  the  "  Black  Watch  "  was  changed  from  the 
Forty-third  to  the  Forty-second  Regiment,  the  number  it  has  ever  since 
retained. 

In  consequence  of  the  mutual  encroachments  made  by  the  French 
and  English  on  their  respective  territories  in  North  America,  both  nations 
prepared  for  war,  and  the  British  (Government  resolved  to  send  there 
two  bodies  of  troops. 

The  first  division,  of  which  the  Forty-second  Highlanders  formed  a 
part,  under  the  command  of  Lieut.-Gen.  James  Abercrombie,  set  sail  in 
March,  1756,  and  landed  in  New  York  in  June  following. 

The  second  division,  under  the  Earl  of  Loudon,  who  was  appointed 
commander-in-chief  of  the  forces  in  North  America,  soon  joined  the 
forces  under  Gen.  Abercrombie  ;  but,  owing  to  various  causes,  they  did 
not  take  the  field  until  the  summer  of  the  following  year. 

Having  resolved  on  an  attack  on  Louisburg,  Lord  Loudon  embarked 
in  June,  1757,  for  Halifax,  with  the  forces  under  his  command  consistmg 
of  fifty-three  hundred  men.  At  Halifax  his  forces  were  increased  to  ten 
thousand  five  hundred  men  by  t'le  addition  of  five  regiments  lately 
arrived,  including  Eraser's  and  Aiontgomery's  Highlanders. 

When  on  the  eve  of  his  departure  from  Halifax,  Lord  I>oudon 
received  information  that  the  French  fleet  from  Brest  had  arrived  at 
Louisburg ;  and  that  force  being  too  great  to  be  encountered,  the  enter- 
prise against  Louisburg  was  abandoned.  Leaving  the  remainder  of  the 
troops  at  Halifax,  Lord  Loudon  returned  lo  New  York,  taking  along 
with  him  five  regiments,  including  the  Forty-second  and  the  Montgomery 
Highlanders. 

The  Earl  of  Loudon  having  been  soon  after  recalled,  the  command 
of  the  army  devolved  on  Gen.  Abercrombie. 

The  forces  in  America  being  soon  increased  b}  a  great  naval  arma- 
ment and  a  military  force  of  thirty-two  thousand  men,  the  command  of 
the  flf^et  was  given  to  Admi-al  Boscawen  ;  and  Brigadier-Generals  Wolfe, 
Townsend,  and  Murray  were  added  to  the  military  staff. 

Three  expeditions  were  planned  in  1758,  —one  against  Lou'sburg, 
another  against  Ticonderoga  and  Crown  Point,  and  a  third  against  Fort 
Du  Quesne. 


274  THE  HIGHLAND  REGIMENTS. 

Gen.  Abercrombie  took  charge  of  the  expedition  against  Ticonderoga 
with  a  force  of  15,390  men,  of  whom  6,337  were  regulars,  including  the 
Forty-second  Regiment,  and  the  rest  provincials,  besides  a  train  of 
artillery. 

The  Royal  Highlanders,  the  Forty-second,  remained  in  North 
America  until  the  close  of  the  year  1761,  when  they  embarked  along 
with  ten  other  regiments,  among  which  were  the  Montgomery  High- 
landers, for  Barbadoes,  there  to  join  an  armament  against  Martinique 
and  Havana. 

LOUDON'S    HIGHLANDERS. 

The  bravery  displayed  by  Lord  John  Murray's  Highlanders  (then 
the  Forty-third  Regiment)  at  Fontenoy,  directed  the  attention  of  the 
Government  to  the  importance  of  securing  the  military  services  of 
the  clans.  It  was  resolved  to  raise  a  second  regiment  in  the  Highlands, 
and  authority  to  that  effect  was  granted  to  the  Earl  of  Loudon.  By  the 
influence  of  the  noblemen,  chiefs,  and  gentlemen  of  the  country  whose 
sons  and  connections  were  to  be  appointed  officers,  a. body  of  1,250 
men  was  raised,  of  whom  750  assembled  at  Inverness,  and  the  remainder 
at  Perth.  The  whole  were  formed  into  a  battalion  of  12  comparies,  the 
commissions  of  the  officers  being  dated  June  8,  1745. 

Before  the  regiment  was  disciplined,  a  rebellion  broke  out  (Charles 
Edward  Stuart's)  ;  and  so  rapid  were  the  movements  of  the  rebels,  that 
the  communication  between  the  two  divisions,  at  Perth  and  Inverness, 
was  cut  off.  They  were,  therefore,  obliged  to  act  separately.  The 
formation  of  the  regiment  at  that  time  was  considered  a  fortunate  cir- 
cumstance, as  many  of  the  men  would  certainly  have  joined  in  the 
insurrection ;  and,  indeed,  several  of  the  officers  and  men  went  over  to 
the  rebels.  Three  companies  fought  on  the  English  side  at  Gladsmuir, 
and  were  all  taken  prisoners ;  and  three  other  companies  were  at  the 
battle  of  Culloden. 

MONTGOMERY'S    HIGHLANDERS,   OR    SEVENTY-SEVENTH 

REGIMENT. 

This  was  the  third  regiment  formed  in  the  Highlands,  the  first  one 
after  the  affair  of  1745.  The  only  way  by  which  the  Highlanders  could 
be  gained  over  to  the   house   of   Hanover  was  by  adopting  a  liberal 


MONTGOMERWS  HIGHLANDERS.  275 

policy,  the  leading  features  of  which  should  embrace  the  employment 
of  the  chiefs,  or  their  connections,  in  the  military  service  of  the  Govern- 
ment. It  was  reserved  to  the  sagacity  of  Chatham  to  trace  to  its  source 
the  cause  of  the  disaffection  of  the  Highlanders,  and,  by  suggesting  a 
remedy,  to  give  their  military  virtue  a  safe  direction. 

.\cting  upon  the  liberal  plan  he  had  devised.  Lord  Chatham  (then 
Mr.  Pitt),  in  the  year  1756,  recommended  to  His  Majesty,  George  H., 
to  employ  the  Highlanders  in  his  service,  as  the  best  means  of  attaching 
them  to  his  person.  The  king  approved  of  the  plan  of  his  minister,  and 
letters  of  service  were  immediately  issued  for  raising  several  Highland 
regiments.  This  call  to  arms  wasr  esponded  to  by  the  clans ;  and 
battalions  on  battalions  were  raised  in  the  remotest  parts  of  the  High- 
lands, among  those  who,  a  few  years  before,  were  devoted  to,  and  had 
long  followed  the  fate  of,  the  race  of  Stuarts.  Erasers,  MacDonalds, 
Camerons,  MacKinnons,  MacPhersons,  MacLeans,  and  others  of  dis- 
affected names  and  clans,  were  enrolled  :  their  chiefs,  or  connections, 
obtained  commissions.  The  lower  class,  always  ready  to  follow,  with 
eagerness  endeavored  who  should  be  first  enlisted. 

The  regiment  was  called  "  Montgomery's  Highlanders "  from  the 
name  of  its  colonel,  the  Hon.  Archibald  Montgomery,  son  of  the  Earl 
of  Eglinton,  to  whom,  when  major,  letters  of  service  were  issued  for 
recruiting  it.  Being  popular  among  the  Highlanders,  Major  Montgomery 
soon  raised  the  requisite  number  of  men,  who  were  formed  into  a  regi- 
ment of  13  companies,  of  105  rank  and  file  each;  making  in  all  1,460 
effective  men,  including  65  sergeants,  and  30  pipers  and  drummers. 

The  colonel's  commission  was  dated  Jan.  4,  1757.  The  commissions 
of  the  officers  were  dated  each  a  day  later  than  his  senior  in  the  same 
rank. 

LIEUTENANT-COLONEL,  Commanding. 
Hon.  Archibald  Montgomery,  afterward  Earl  of  Eglinton. 

MAJORS. 
James  Grant.  Alexander  Campbell. 

CAPTAINS. 

John  Sinclair.  Hugh  MacKenzie.  Robert  MacKenzie> 

John  Gordon.  James  Robertson.  Allan  Cameron. 

Allan  MacLean.  .Alexander  Macintosh. 

William  MacDonald killed  at  Fort  Du  Quesr.e,  1759. 

George  Munro .1      .<      .1  u  1759. 

Alexander  MacKenzie "      "St.  John's,  N'.F.,  1762. 


276 


MONTGOMERY'S  HIGH  LA  NDERS. 


LIEUTENANTS. 

Nichol  Sutherland.  Charles  Farquharson.  Donald  MacDonald. 

Henry  Munro.  Archibald  Robertson.  Duncan  Hayne. 

James  Duff.  Jan'.es  Grant.  Joseph  (Jrant. 

Alexander  MacDonald.   Robert  Orant.  Cosmo  Martin. 

John  MacNab.  Doi.ald  Camiibell.  Alexander  C.inipbell. 

John  Cam])!Tell.  James  MacPhL-rson.  Hugh  Montgomery.' 

Alexander  MacKenzie killed  at  Fort  Du  Quesne,  1759. 

William  MacKenzie «       ..       ..  ..  ,7^^ 

Robert  MacKenzie ......  ..  1759- 

Colin  Campbell .....  ..  1759. 

Alexander  MacDonald      ....         ......  ..  I7iy- 

Hugh  Gordon "       "  Martinique,  1762. 

James  MacLcan "       "  Havana,  1762. 

Archibald  MacVicar "       "         "  1762. 

ENSIGNS. 

Alexander  Grant.  James  Grant.  Lewis  Houston. 

William  Haggart.  James  Bain.  Archibald  Crawford. 

John  MacDonald.  Allan  Stewart.  Alexander  MacKenzie. 

George  Munro.  John  MacLachlan. 

Rinald  MacKinnon.  William  MacLean. 

Chaplain Henry  Munro. 

AJJHlant Donald  .Stewart. 

Quarter-Master Alexander  Montgomery. 

Surgeon Allan  Stewart. 


The  regiment  embarked  at  Greenock  for  Halifax,  and,  on  the  com- 
mencement of  hostilities  in  1758,  was  attached  to  the  corps  under 
Brig.-Gen.  Forbes  in  the  expedition  against  Fort  Du  Quesne,  one  of  the 
three  great  enterprises  undertaken  that  year  against  the  French  posses- 
sions in  North  America.  Although  the  point  of  attack  was  not  so 
formidable,  nor  the  number  of  the  enemy  so  great,  as  at  Ticonderoga 
and  Crown  Point,  yet  the  great  extent  of  country  which  the  troops  had 
to  traverse,  covered  with  woods,  morasses,  and  mountains,  made  the 
expedition  as  difficult  as  the  other  two.  The  army  of  Gen.  Forbes 
consisted  of  6,238  men. 

Gen.  Forbes  reached  Raystown,  about  ninety  miles  from  the  fort,  in 
September,  having  apparently  staid  some  time  in  Philadelphia.  Hav- 
ing sent  Col.  Boquet  forward  to  Loyal  Henning,  forty  miles  nearer, 
with     2,coo    men,    this    officer     rashly    despatched    Major    Grant    ot 

'  After  E,irl  of  Eglinton. 


MONTGOMERY'S  HIGHLANDERS.  277 

Montgomery's  with  400  Higlilanders  ami  500  Provincials  to  reconnoitre. 
When  near  the  fort,  Major  Grant  imprudently  advanced  with  pipes 
playing  and  drums  beating,  as  if  entering  a  friendly  town,  'i'he  enemy 
immediately  marched  out,  and  a  warm  contest  ensued.  Major  Grant 
ordered  his  men  to  throw  off  their  coats  and  advance  sword  in  hand. 
The  enemy  fled  at  the  first  charge,  and  spread  themselves  among  the 
woods  ;  but,  being  afterward  joined  by  a  large  body  of  Indians,  they 
rallied,  and  surrounded  the  detachment  on  all  sides.  Protected  by  a 
thick  foliage,  they  opened  a  destructive  fire  on  the  IJritish.  Major 
Grant  then  endeavored  to  force  his  way  into  the  wood,  but  was  taken 
prisoner,  upon  seeing  which,  his  Provincial  troops  dispersed.  Only  150 
of  the  Highlanders  returned  to  Loyal  Henning. 

In  this  unfortunate  affair  231  soldiers  of  the  regiment  were  killed  and 
wounded.  The  names  of  the  officers  killed  have  been  already  men- 
tioned ;  the  following  were  wounded  :  Capt.  Hugh  MacKenzie  ;  Lieuts. 
.Alexander  MacDonald,  jun.,  Archibald  Robertson,  and  Henry  Munro  ; 
and  Ensigns  John  MacDonald  and  Alexander  Grant.  The  enemy  did 
not  venture  to  oppose  the  main  body,  but  retired  from  Fort  Du  Quesne 
on  its  approach,  leaving  their  ammunition,  stores,  and  provisions.  Col. 
Forbes  took  possession  of  the  fort  on  Nov.  24,  and,  in  honor  of 
Mr.  Pitt,  gave  it  the  name  of  Pittsburg. 

The  regiment  passed  the  winter  in  Pittsburg ;  and  in  May  following 
they  joined  the  force  under  Gen.  Amherst  in  his  proceedings  against 
Ticonderoga,  Crown  Point,  and  the  Lakes. 

In  consequence  of  the  renewed  cruelties  of  the  Cherokees,  in  the 
spring  of  1 760,  the  commander-in-chief  detached  Col.  Monigomery, 
with  700  Highlanders  of  his  own  regiment,  400  of  the  Forty-second,  and 
a  body  of  Provincials,  to  chastise  these  Indians.  The  colonel  arrived  in 
the  neighborhood  of  the  Indian  encampment.  Little  Keowee,  in  the 
middle  of  June,  having  on  his  route  detached  the  light  companies  of 
the  Royals  and  Highlanders  to  destroy  the  place.  This  service  was 
performed  with  the  loss  of  a  few  men  killed,  and  two  officers  of  the 
Royals  wounded.  Finding,  on  reaching  Estatoe,  that  the  enemy  had 
fled,  Col.  Montgomery  returned  to  Fort  George. 

The  Cherokees  still  proving  refractory,  Col.  Montgomery  ->&id  a  sec- 
ond visit  to  the  middle  settlement,  where  he  met  with   some  resistance. 


2/8  THE   HIGHLAND   HHGIMENTS. 

Ill-  had  2  officers  and  20  im;n  killed,  and  26  officers  and  6S  men 
wounderl.  Of  tliese  the  Montgomery  I  lij,'Iilander.s  had  1  sergeant 
and  6  privates  killed;  and  ("apt.  Sutherland,  Lieiits.  Mad'herson  and 
MacKinnon,  and  Sur^;eon  Munro,  1  sergeant,  1  [)i|)er,  and  24  rank  and 
file,  wounded.  The  detachment  t(»ok  Fort  I,oiidon,  a  small  fort  on  the 
(  onfmes  of  Virginia,  whi<  h  was  defended  by  2cjo  men. 

In  1761  six  companies  of  the  Montgomery  Highlanders  were 
engaged  in  the  expeijilion  against  Martinifpie,  and  against  Havana  the 
following  year.  They  returned  to  New  York  about  the  end  of  October, 
1762.  Hefore  their  return,  the  other  companies  that  had  been  sent 
against  the  Indians  in  the  fall  of  ij'^u,  had  embarked  with  a  force  under 
( 'ol.  Amherst  to  retake  St.  Jr)hn's,  Newfoun<lland,  which  had  been  occu- 
pied by  the  Fremh.  The  i'.ritish  landed  Sept.  12,  1762,  seven  miles  to 
the  northward  of  St.  John's.  A  mortar  battery  having  Ijecn  completed 
on  Sept.  17,  and  being  then  ready  to  open  on  the  garrison,  the  F'rench 
commander  surrendered  by  capitulation  to  an  inferior  force.  (Jf  the 
Montgomery  Highlanders,  (Japt.  MacKen/ie  and  4  privates  were  killed, 
and  2  privates  woun<led. 

After  the  termination  of  hostilities,  an  offer  was  made  to  the  officers 
an'I  meri  either  to  settle  in  America  or  return  to  their  own  country. 
Those  who  remained  obtaine<I  a  grant  (jf  laml  iri  |<roportion  to  their 
rank.  On  the  breaking  out  of  the  American  Rebellion,  a  number  of 
them,  as  well  as  of  the  ofificers  and  ir.en  of  the  Seventy-eighth  Regiment 
(Fraser's  Highlanders),  joined  the  Royal  Standard  in  1775,  and  formed 
a  c(jrps  in  the  Kighty-fourth,  the  Royal  Highland  Emigrant  Regiment, 
under  Coi..  Taklkion. 

I'he  Highland  Regiments  have  covered  themselves  with  glory 
wherever  they -have  been  engaged;  and  the  Royal  Hii/hlanders,  the 
Forty-second  Regiment,  or  "  l'>lack  Watch,"  is  one  of  the  most  renowned 
regiments  in  the  l>ritish  service.  They  bear  upon  their  standards  lOgypt, 
Corunna,  Fucntes  d'Onor,  Pyrenees,  Nivelle,  Nile,  Orthes,  'I'oulouse, 
Waterkjo,  Alma,  Sebastopol,  and  Lucknow ;  and  they  were  present 
at  Fontenoy,  iiconderoga,  (iuadaloupe,  Oown  I'oint,  IJrandywine, 
Salamanca,  and  Vittoria. 

To  show  the  estimation  in  which  they  were  held  by  their  own  com- 
manders, two  instances  may  be  adduced  ;  On  the  first  anniversary  of  the 


////    HfGHI.AND   Rl'.GlMENTS.  279 

battle  of  tin;  Alma,  St'pt.  20,  1X55,  the  first  (listril)Uti()ii  of  medals  was 
made  to  the  soldiers  of  the  Oimea,  on  which  occasion  Lieut. -(Icn.  Sir 
("OLIN  CamI'HKu,  addressed  them  in  these  words  :  — 

"  nioiiiJVNi)  liKicAiiK,  —  On  the  first  anniversary  of  the  f^loriotis  hat- 
tie  of  Alma,  our  (iracioiis  Soverci;,'n  has  commanded  the  rrinicaii  niedal 
to  he  presented  to  her  gallant  soldiers  who  were  the  first  tc>  meet  the 
Russian  soldiers,  and  defeat  them  on  their  own  territory.  To  that  day 
Scotchmen  ran  look  with  pride,  and  S<  otchmen  arc  everywhere.  I'or 
your  deeds  on  that  day  you  received  the  marked  encomiums  of  Lord 
Raglan,  the  thanks  of  the  f.)iieen,  and  the  admiration  of  all.  S*:otch- 
mcn  are  proud  of  you.  I,  too,  am  a  St:otchman,  and  proud  of  the 
honor  of  commanding  so  distinguished  a  regiment,  an«l  still  prouder, 
that  through  all  the  trying  severities  (jf  the  winter,  its  incessant  lalK)rs 
and  decimating  diseases,  you  have  still  maintained  the  same  unflinching 
courage  and  energy  with  which  your  discipline,  obedience,  and  steadi- 
ness, in  whatever  circumstances  you  have  been  phn:ed,  make  you  so 
unrivalled  (and  none  more  so  than  the  oldest  regiment  of  the  brigade), 
and  your  commander  so  confident  of  success,  however  numerous  and 
determined  your  foe. 

"  When  the  day  comes  that  your  services  are  no  longer  re«iuired  in 
the  field,  welcome  arms  will  be  ready  to  meet  you  with  pride,  and  give 
you  the  blessings  your  deeds  have  so  materially  aided  to  bring  to  your 
country.  And  in  after-years,  when  recalling  the  scenes  of  the  Crimea  to 
your  ingleside,  your  greatest  pride  will  be  that  you,  too,  were  there,  and 
proved  yourself  a  worthy  son  of  sires  who,  in  by-gone  rlays,  on  many  a 
field  added  lustre  to  their  country's  fame." 

'I'he  Seventy-eighth  Highlanders,  the  "  koss-shire  JUiffs,"  were  on 
service  in  India  from  1842  until  1859,  and  on  the  breaking  out  of  the 
Indian  mutiny  distinguished  themselves  at  the  taking  of  Cawnjjore  and 
in  the  relief  of  Lucknow,  after  which  their  connnan<ler,  Sik  Jamhs 
Oltiram,  issued  an  address,  from  which  these  extracts  are  taken  :  — 

"Your  exemplary  conduct.  Seventy-eighth,  in  every  respect,  througii- 
out  the  past  eventful  year,  I  can  truly  say,  and  1  do  most  emphatically 
declare,  has  never  been  surpassed  by  any  troops,  of  any  nation,  in  any 
age,  whether  for  indomitable  valor  in  the  field,  or  steady  discipline  in 
the  camp,  under  an  amount  of  fighting,  hardship,  and  privation,  such  as 


28o  SLIOCHD  FIIIONNOA'. 

British  troops  have  seldom,  if  ever,  heretofore  been  exposed  to.  The 
cheerfulness  with  which  you  have  gone  through  all  this  has  excited  my 
admiration  as  much  as  the  undaunted  pluck  with  which  you  always  close 
with  an  enemy,  whenever  you  can  get  at  him,  no  matter  what  his  odds 
against  you,  or  what  the  advantage  of  his  position.  .  .  . 

"  I  am  sure  that  you.  Seventy-eighth,  who  will  have  borne  the  brunt 
of  the  war  so  gloriously  from  first  to  last,  when  you  return  to  Old 
England,  will  be  hailed  and  rewarded  by  your  grateful  and  admiring 
countrymen  as  the  band  of  heroes,  as  which  you  so  well  deserve  to  be 
regarded." 

Sir  James  Outram  was  not  given  to  saying  any  thing  but  the  severe 
truth,  yet  in  such  terms  was  never  other  regiment  addressed. 

SLIOCHD    FHIONNON. 

Scotland's  royal  line  of  kings,  which  stands  unrivalled  in  F^urope, 
begins  with  Fergus  I.  He  settled  in  Scotland,  so  say  some  historians, 
332  B.C. ;  and  they  claim  a  regular  succession  of  one  hundred  and  fifteen 
kings  through  a  period  of  nineteen  hundred  and  thirty-five  years,  down 
to  the  time  of  the  union  with  England  under  the  united  crown  of 
Great  Britain  under  James  I.,  A.D.  1603. 

Other  historians,  and  among  these  Sir  Walter  Scott,  lost  in  the  mazes 
of  the  past,  have  been  content  to  begin  the  line  with  that  Fergus  whose 
accession  dates  A.D.  503,  and  who  reigned  for  three  years. 

Some  of  the  old  Highland  families,  although  none  of  them  perhaps 
can  show  a  clear  line  of  descent  from  Fergus  I.,  claim  kinship  with 
Scotland's  early  kings ;  and  they  point  for  authority  to  the  most  trust- 
worthy writers  of  Scottish  history. 

"  The  Scottish  Gael,"  by  James  Logan,  in  two  handsome  volumes, 
published  in  1831  by  subscription  at  fourteen  guineas,  and  patronized 
by  the  royal  family  and  nobility  of  Great  Britain,  was  by  permission 
dedicated  to  the  king  in  the  following  terms  :  — 

To  His  Most  Excellent  Majesty, 
\Vn.LIAM   IV., 

King  of  Great  Britain,  Ireland,  etc.,  etc. 

Sire,  —  It  is  with  the  deepest  gratitude  for  so  distinguished  an  honor,  that  I 
presume  to  lay  these  researches  at  your  Majesty's  feet. 

The  work  relates  to  a  people  who  have  greatly  contributed  to  raise  the  renown 
of  your  Majesty's  arms  to  the  pre-eminence  they  have  attained.     The  history  and 


MACh'rNNON.  281 

character  of  that  people,  therefore,  deserve  the  attention  of  every  patriot ;  and  your 
subjects,  sire,  feel  a  just  pride  in  being  able  to  call  your  Majesty  a  patriot  king. 

That  your  Majesty's  reign  may  be  long  and  happy,  must  be  the  ardent  wish  of 
every  Briton ;  and  I  can  say  for  my  countrymen,  in  particular,  that  none  are  more 
devotedly  attached  to  your  Majesty's  person  and  family,  and  that  no  portion  of 
your  Majesty's  subjects  would  more  cheerfully  venture  their  lives  for  the  honor  and 
defence  of  their  beloved  sovereign,  and  for  the  support  of  the  Constitution  under 
which  they  enjoy  so  many  blessings.  For  myself,  I  rejoice  in  being  so  highly 
favored  as  to  be  graciously  permitted  this  public  opportunity  of  expressing  the 
profound  respect  with  which 

I  am,  sire. 

Your  Majesty's 

most  devoted  and  most  humble 

subject  and  servant, 

JAMES    LOGAN, 

THE   CLAN    MACKINNON. 

SLIOCHD   FHIONNON,    NO    MAC   'lONNON. 

"  The  MacKinnons  are  of  royal  descent,  being  a  branch  of  the 
great  clan  Alpine ;  and  the  family  historians  derive  them  from  Fingon, 
or  Findon,  grandson  of  Gregor,  whose  father  was  the  celebrated 
Kenneth  MacAlpine,  King  of  Scotland.  This  ancestor  lived  about  the 
year  900 ;  but  the  name,  as  we  understand  it,  is  one  of  the  most  ancient 
among  the  Gael. 

"  Finan,  or  Finon,  occurs  repeatedly  in  the  national  annals.  Several 
of  the  name  were  Calder  saints  ;  and  Loceni  MacFinon  was  King  of  the 
Crutheis,  or  Picts,  anno  645.  The  prefix  Mac  renders  the  initial  conso- 
nant quiescent :  hence,  MacFhionnon,  Mac'innon. 

"  On  the  death  of  John,  Lord  of  the  Isles,  MacKinnon,  being 
joined  by  the  MacLeods  and  MacLeans,  raised  a  formidable  rebellion  in 
favor  of  Ion  Mor,  a  younger  son  ;  but  Donald,  the  elder,  succeeded 
in  expelling  his  rival,  who  was  obliged  to  take  refuge  in  Ireland.  He 
was  afterward  pardoned  ;  but  MacKinnon,  as  leader  of  the  insurrection, 
was  put  to  death  A.D.  1380. 

"  Lachlan  MacKinnon,  who  lived  in  the  middle  of  the  seventeenth 
century,  married  a  daughter  of  MacLean  of  Duart. 

"  In  1650  the  chief  of  the  MacKinnons  received  letters  of  service 
to  raise  a  regiment  of  his  clan,  of  which  he  was  appointed  colonel ; 


282  MACKINNON. 

and,  having  joined  the  army  of  Charles  I.,  they  fought  with  distinguished 
bravery  at  the  battle  of  Worcester  in  165 1.  (Another  account  adds 
that  the  ch^ief  was  created  a  knight-baronet  upon  the  field  of  battle.) 

"In  1 715  the  MacKinnons  joined  the  Earl  of  Seaforth,  and 
fought  valiantly  with  the  MacDonalds  of  Sleat  at  the  battle  of  Sheriff- 
niuir,  for  which  the  chief  was  attainted  ;  but  he  received  a  pardon  Jan. 
4,  1727.     (There  were  a  hundred  and  fifty  of  the  clan  at  Sheriffniuir.) 

"  Prince  Charles  and  his  anendants  (after  the  battle  of  Culloden 
in  1 74v'))  were  entertained  at  MacKinnon's  castle  when  travelling  in 
disguise  through  Skye ;  and  the  chief  gave  the  use  of  his  own  boat  to 
convey  the  fugitives  off  the  island,  conducting  them  himself  to  the 
country  of  MacDonald  of  Boradale,  where  he  resigned  his  :  oyal  charge. 

"  Lachlan  Mor,  who  fought  at  the  battle  of  Worcester,  had  two 
sons,  —  John,  whose  great-grandson  John  died  in  London,  unmarried, 
in  1808  ;  and  Donald,  who,  being  taken  prisoner  by  Cromwell,  went,  on 
his  release,  to  Antigua,  where  he  was  called  Daniel  by  a  common  cor- 
ruption, and  married  Miss  Thomas,  a  lady  of  that  island,  by  whom  he 
left  a  son  Willum,  who  married  a  daughter  of  Lieut. -Gov.  Yeamans, 
also  of  Antigua,  and  died  at  Bath,  1767,  aged  seventy,  leaving  a  son 
also  called  William,  who  married  a  daughter  of  Henry  Vernon  Esqre.  of 
Hilton  Castle,  Staffordshire.  His  eldest  son,  William,  married  Harriet, 
daughter  of  John  Frye  Esqre.  of  Antigua ;  and  he  left  several  children, 
the  eldest  of  whom,  William  Alexander  MacKinnon,  M.P.,  since  the 
death  of  the  above'  John,  is  the  chief  of  the  name  and  race  of 
MacKinnon,  as  great-great-grandson  of  Donald,  second  son  of  Lachian 
Mor. 

"  The  possessions  of  the  MacKinnons  were  extensive.  They  had 
anciently  lands  in  Arran  ;  and  Griban,  in  Mull,  was  at  one  time  theirs  ; 
and,  in  fact,  the  greater  part  of  Leth-iocrach,  or  the  lower  half  of  the 
island,  was  theirs,  but  it  was  reduced  to  the  estate  of  Misnish,  north- 
west of  Tobermorie.  They  had  likewise  lands  in  the  Island  of  Tiree ; 
but  Strath,  or  Strathardil,  in  Skye,  was  latterly  the  principal  residence, 
to  which  were  attached  the  islands  of  Pabay  and  Scalpa. 

"  The  chief  seats  were  at  Earey,  on  the  property  in  Mull  at  Kilmorie, 
—  the  fine  situation  of  which  is  described  by  Pennant,  the  tourist,  — 
and  MacKinnon  Castle  on  the  south-eastern  coast  of  Skye.  -    -        ^ 


MACKINNON.  283 

"  Their  battle-cry  was  '  Cuimhnich  bas  Alpin  !  '  Remember  the 
death  of  Alpin. 

"  Their  burial-place  was  in  the  far-famed  island  of  Iona,  where,  in 
the  chancel,  is  seen  on  an  altar-tomb  the  monumental  effigy  of  Abbot 
MacFingon,  who  died  in  1500.  In  conjunction  with  his  father,  Lachlan, 
he  erected  one  of  those  elaborate  sculptured  crosses  still  remaining 
in  the  Reilig  Ouran  in  that  island." 

So  far  James  Logan. 

Mr.  Pennant,  who  made  his  celebrated  tour  to  the  Hebrides  in  1772, 
describes  this  cross,  and  quotes  the  inscription  upon  it. 

HCEC    EST    CRUX 

LACIILAN    MAC    FINGON: 

ET    EJUS    FILII 

JOHANNIS    ABBATIS    DE    HY: 

FACTA 
AXNO    DOMINI    MffcCCCLXXXIX. 

Mr.  Pennant  gives  the  best  description  of  Iona  and  of  what  may  be 
still  seen  there.     He  says,  — 

"  Saint  Columba  left  his  native  country,  Ireland,  in  565,  instigated  by 
a  pious  zeal  to  convert  the  Picts,  when  King  Bradeus  made  him  a  pres- 
ent of  Iona,  a  little  island  near  Mull  three  miles  long  by  one  mile 
broad.  He  here  founded  a  cell  of  monks  of  which  he  constituted 
himself  abbot.  His  life  was  truly  exemplary  ;  and  during  his  time  he 
had  the  honor  of  burying  here  two  kings  of  Scotland,  —  Convallus  and 
Kinnatil,  —  and  of  crowning  a  third.  Here  was  the  site  of  the  old 
cathedral;  and  near  it  was  a  vast  enclosure,  the  great  place  of  interment 
for  the  monarchs  and  princes  who  were  ambitious  to  repose  in  this  holy 
ground.  The  Chapel  of  St.  Oran  stands  in  this  place.  Lejjendary  lore 
tells  us  that  this  was  the  first  building  attempted  by  Saint  Columba. 
In  Oran's  Chapel  are  several  tombs,  and  near  it  many  more,  some  of 
which  have  recording  inscriptions ;  but  of  far  the  greater  number,  the 
very  names  have  perished.  The  cathedral  lies  a  little  north  of  the 
enclosure,  and    is    cruciform.     Over   the   centre  is  a  handsome  tower. 


284  MACKINNON. 

The  length  of  the  cathedral  was  1 1 5  feet ;  the  breadth  of  the  transept 
70  feet.  The  altar  was  of  white  marble,  veined  with  gray.  Near  the 
altar  is  the  tomb  of  the  Abbot  MacKinnon.  His  figure  lies  recumbent, 
with  this  inscription  round  the  margin  :  — 

Hic  jac?:t 

JOHANNES    MAC   FINGON,    ABBAS    DE    HY  : 

QUI   OBI  IT 

ANNO    DOMINI    MILLESIMO   QUINGENTESIMO  : 

CUJUS    ANIMCE    PROPITIETUK 

DEUS    ALTISSIMUS.       AMEN. 

"  Accoii  ung  io  Boethius,  the  present  church  was  raised  out  of  the 
ruins  of  the  former  one  by  Maldninus  in  the  seventh  century ;  but 
the  architecture  appears  too  magnificent  for  that  age.  Most  of  the  walls 
are  built  of  red  granite  from  Nun's  Isle  in  the  Sound. 

"  In  the  cemetery  is  a  fine  cross  formed  of  a  single  piece  of  red 
granite  14  feet  high,  26  inches  broad,  and  10  inches  thick.  The  pedes- 
tal is  three  feet  high.  The  monastery  lies  behind  the  cathedral,  and 
north  of  the  monastery  are  the  remains  of  the  bishop's  house.  North  of 
the  convent  is  a  fenced  square,  containing  a  cairn  said  to  be  a  burial- 
place  ;  and  in  all  probability  it  is  a  vestige  of  Druidism  which  most 
likely  prevailed  here  at  the  arrival  of  Saint  Columba. 

"  Forty-eight  Scottish  kings  were  buried  at  lona,  beginning  with 
Fergus  II.  and  ending  with  Macbeth.  Their  tombs  were  built  in  the 
form  of  a  little  chapel,  on  one  of  which  was  inscribed  '  Tumulus  Regum 
Scotice ;''  on  the  next,  ^Tumulus  Regum  Hibei-nice,'  and  it  contained 
four  Irish  kings  \  on  the  third,  '  Jpumulus  Regum  Norwegice,'  containing 
eight  sovereign  princes,  or  more  properly  viceroys  when  the  islands  were 
subject  to  Norway. 

"Arran  was  the  property  of  tlie  crown.  Robert  Bruce  retired 
here  during  his  distresses,  and  met  with  protection  from  his  faithful 
vassals,  numbers  of  whom  followed  his  fortunes  ;  and  after  the  battle  of 
Bannockburn  he  rewarded  several,  such  as  the  MacCooks,  MacKinnons^ 


MACKINNON.  285 

MacBrides,  MacLouises,  or  Fiillertons,  with  different  charters   of  land 
in  their  native  country. 

'•■  What  was  called  '  I-ong  Island  '  included  Lewis,  South  Uist,  North 
Uist,  Benbecula,  and  Barra,  the  five  Habuda  of  Solinus,  a  Latin  writer 
contemporary  with  Agricola." 

Like  other  tourists  among  the  Western  islands,  Mr.  Pennant  does  not 
fail  to  record  what  he  styles  the  hospitality  of  the  people.  He  says, 
"  We  put  into  Loch  Jura  on  the  coast  of  Inverness,  landed,  and  paid 
our  respects  to  Mr.  MacLeod  of  Annisdale.  I  shall  never  forget  the 
hospitality  of  the  house.  Before  I  could  utter  a  denial,  three  glasses  of 
rum,  cordialized  with  jelly  of  bilberries,  were  poured  into  me  by  the 
irresistible  hand  of  good  Madam  MacLeod."  ' 

Mr.  Pennant  had  quoted  previously  a  saying  of  St.  Columba,  — 
"  Sfaram  bi  bo,  bi\ih  bean ;  sfaram  bi  bean,  bVdh  maliacha."  "  Where 
there  is  a  cow,  there  must  be  a  woman  ;  where  there  a  woman,  there 
must  be  mischief." 

There  is  to-day  another  claimant  to  the  chieftainship  of  the  clan 
MacKinnon  besides  the  heirs-male  of  \Villiam  Alexander  MacKinnon, 
M.P.,  born  in  1 789,  whose  history  is  given  by  James  Logan,  and  who 
left  a  son,  William  Alexander,  born  in  18 13.  who  also  was  a  member  of 
the  British  Parliament. 

John  S.  Keltic,  author  of  a  "  History  of  the  Scottish  Clans."  pub- 
lished in  tS/5,  traces  the  ancestry  of  William  Alexander  MacKinnon. 
M.P.,  to  Daniel  of  Antigua,  whom  he  acknowledges  as  the  successor  to 
Lachlan  Mor,  although  he  says  that  Lauchlan  MacKinnon  of  Letterfearn 
also  claimed  to  be  the  heir-male  of  the  family. 

Mr.  Keltic  says  that  William,  son  of  Daniel  of  Antigua,  was  an  eminent 
member  of  the  Legislature  of  that  island,  and  died  at  Bath  in  1767, 
leaving  a  son  William  who  died  in  1809  and  left  four  sons,  the  youngest 
of  whom  was  Major-(ien.  Henry  MacKinnon,  a  distinguished  officer, 
bom  in  1773,  who  was  with  the  army  in  Egypt  in  1801,  joined  the 
army  in  Portugal  in  1809,  took  a  prominent  part  in  the  engagements  at 
Talavera,  Busaco,  and  Fuentes  D'Onor,  and,  while  leading  a  storming 
party  at  Ciudad  Rodrigo  in  181 2,  was  killed  in  the  moment  of  victory  ' 
by  the  explosion  of  a  magazine.     He  was  lieutenant  of  the  '•  Coldstream 

'  Appendix  Q. 


286  MA  CKIN\  'ON. 

Guards  "  in  i  793,  captain  in   1 799,  and  lieutenant-colonel  at  Aboukir 
in   1 801. 

(ien.  Henry  MacKinnon's  eldest  brother  William  left  two  sons, — 
William  Alexander  MacKinnon,  M.P.,  bo'-n  in  1789;  and  Daniel 
MacKinnon,  colonel  of  the  "  Coldstream  Guards,"  born  1 791,  died  1836. 
He  served  first  with  the  Guards  in  Denmark,  and  afterwards  upon  the 
staff  in  the  Peninsula  with  distinction.  He  was  with  Wellington  at 
Waterloo.  Having  taken  part  in  the  engagements  of  the  i6th  and  17th 
of  June,  1815,  on  the  i8th,  although  already  wounded,  he  held  the 
famous  farm  of  Hougemont  with  his  own  regiment  of  Coldstreams  and 
one  other,  against  the  repeated  attt,cks  of  the  French. 

Col.  Daniel  MacKinnon  published  a  history  of  the  "  Coldstream 
Guards,"  the  regiment  which  he  first  joined  as  ensign  in  1806;  and 
William  Alexander  MacKinnon,  M.P.,  F.R.S.,  was  the  author  of  the 
"  History  of  Civilization  and  PubHc  Opinion,"  a  work  in  two  volumes, 
published  in  1849,  which  received  high  commendation  from  the  press. 

Mr.  Keltic's  account  is  that  John  MacKinnon,  the  great-great-grand- 
son of  Lachlan  Mor,  died  in  India,  unmarried,  in  1808,  by  which  event 
the  succession  to  the  chieftainship  fell,  in  1809,  to  his  cousin  "William 
Alexander  MacKinnon,  M.P.,  the  Chief  Magistrate  and  Deputy  Lieu- 
tenant for  the  Counties  of  Middlesex,  Hampshire,  and  Essex.  He 
married  Emma,  daughter  of  Joseph  Palmer,  Esqre.,  of  Rush  House, 
County  Dublin,  and  had  issue  three  sons  and  three  daughters.  The 
eldest  son,  William  Alexander,  also  M.P.,  born  in  181 3,  married  a 
daughter  of  F.  Willes,  Esqre." 

The  other  claimant  disputes  the  identity  of  Daniel  MacKinnon  of 
Antigua  with  Donald,  second  son  of  the  Chief  Lacalan  Mor,  who,  it  is 
said,  disappeared  from  home  in  consequence  of  a  quarrel  with  his  father 
on  the  hunting-field,  and  who,  as  alleged  by  the  adherents  of  the 
changed  succession,  was  not  afterward  heard  of. 

Lauchlan  Charles  MacKinnon  of  Melbourne,  Australia,  born  in 
1848,  and  who  married  Emily  Grace  Bundock  MacKinnon,  the  niece 
and  adopted  daughter  of  his  cousin  Lauchlan  MacKinnon  of  Elford- 
leigh,  Devonshire,  England,  and  of  Duisdale  House,  Skye,  is  supported  in 
his  claim  to  the  title  of  chief  of  the  clan  by  the  following  '•'  Genealogical 
Account  of  the    Fai.ii'y  of  MacKinnon,   compiled   by   Sir   Alexander 


MACKINNON.  287 

MacKenzie   Downie   and   Alister   Downie    MacKinnon,    published    at 
London  in  1883. 

"The  clan  of  Macfindon  or  Macfingon,  now  MacKinnon,  is  of  the 
Alpinian  stock,  and  has  always  been  considered  one  of  the  most  ancient 
in  the  Highlands  of  Scotland. 

"  Alpin,  King  of  Scotland,  who  was  killed  in  battle  by  the  Picts, 
A.D.  834,  had  four  sons ;  viz.,  Kenneth,  Donald,  Gregor,  and  Achaius. 
The  two  first  reigned  successively  between  834  and  859.  The  third  son, 
Gregor,  was  father  of  Dongallus,  ancestor  of  the  MacGregors  and 
MacKinnons,  and  of  Girbredus,  ancestor  of  the  Macquarries.  The 
Grants  also  are  of  Alpinian  stock.  The  founder  of  their  family,  Gregory 
le  Grand,  was  second  son  of  Sir  Malcolm  MacGregor  of  Glenorchy. 

"  Dongallus,  eldest  son  of  Prince  MacGregor  MacAlpin,  married 
Spontana,  sister  of  one  of  the  Irish  kings  :  he  died  about  the  year  900, 
leaving  by  his  said  consort  two  sons,  —  Constantine,  of  whom  the 
MacGregors,  and  Findanus,  of  whom  the  MacKinnons,  are  descended. 
The  MacKinnons  thus  became  a  separate  clan  about  the  year  900. 
Their  most  extensive  possessions  were  in  Mull,  and  other  Argyleshire 
islands,  where,  as  well  as  in  Kintyre  and  Arran,  the  name  is  one  of  the 
most  numerous  to  this  day.  They  were  powerful  in  those  countries  before 
the  rise  of  the  Somerled  dynasty  in  1 120  :  latterly,  they  were  in  favor  with 
Somerled's  successors  (the  lords  of  the  Isles),  and  acted  as  governors 
of  their  castles,  and  masters  of  their  households. 

"  The  following  is  an  account  of  the  chiefs  of  the  MacKinnons,  of 
whom  there  is  any  record,  with  notices  of  the  descent  of  other  families 
in  the  clan  from  that  of  Strathardill,  or  Kilmorie  (by  which  designation 
the  family  of  the  chiefs  will  be  distinguished  from  the  others),  concluding 
with  an  account  of  Gambell,  or  Corry." 

1.  Findanus,  second  son  of  Prince  MacGregor  MacAlpin.  There 
must  have  been  several  generations  between  him  and  — 

2.  MacKinnon,  who  first  acquired  the  estate  of  Strath  in  Skye. 

3.  MacKinnon  of  Strath,  or  Strathardill,  between  whom  and  the  first 
possessors  of  the  estate  several  generations  must  have  intervened,  was 
master  of  the  household  of  John,  Lord  of  the  Isles,  between  1 300  and 

1350- 

4.  Lachlan  na  Foganach,  1385.  -  --■'-' 


288  MACKINNON. 

5.  Lachijvn  na  Thiomlaii),  or  the  Karterer,  1409.  So  called  from 
having  exchanged  some  valuable  lands  in  Mull  for  the  Island  of  Scalpa 
with  MacLean  of  Duart. 

6.  NiEL  Bhui.     Yellow-haired  Neil. 

7.  Lachi-an  Bhan.     Fair-haired  Lachlan,  1493. 

8.  NiEL  Bhan.     Fair-haired  Neil,  15 15. 

9.  EwEN  Rhuadh  na  Cath.  Fighting,  red-haired  Ewen,  1545.  A 
celebrated  warrior,  who  fought  several  battles  with  the  Mac  Leans  in 
defence  of  his  lands  in  Mull. 

10.  Lachlan  Dhu.  Black-haired  Lachlan,  1570  to  1580.  He  had 
four  sons, —  Lachlan,  his  successor;  Tearnach  Skeanach,  Charles  of 
Skye  ;  John,  head  of  the  MacKinnons  of  Kyle ;  and  Ewen,  who  left  no 
descendants. 

1 1 .  Lachlan  Og,  whose  only  son  and  successor  was  — 

12.  Sir  LachijVN  MacKinnon  of  Strathardill,  often  mentioned  in 
records  of  council.  He  possessed  the  estates  1 600-1 630,  and  was 
succeeded  by  his  only  son,  — 

13.  John,  who  married  a  daughter  of  MacLean  of  Coll.  He  had 
one  son, — 

14.  Lachlan  Mhore,  Big  Lachlan.  He  held  the  estates  between 
1640  and  1 71 1,  and  married  first  a  daughter  of  MacLean  of  Duart,  by 
whom  he  had  a  son  John,  who  died  before  himself,  but  left  a  son  John, 
who  succeeded  to  the  chieftainship.  He  had  another  son,  named 
Donald,  who  left  Skye  in  consequence  of  a  quarrel  with  his  father  on 
the  hunting-field,  and  no  trace  of  him  afterward  was  ever  obtained.  It 
was  believed  by  some  that  he  was  identical  with  a  Donald,  or  Daniel, 
MacKinnon  of  Antigua,  who  occupied  a  distinguished  position  there  in 
the  early  part  of  the  eighteenth  century.  Through  him  his  descendant, 
William  x'Mexander  MacKinnon,  M.P.,  claims  the  chieftainship.  Lachlan 
Mhore  married,  secondly,  a  niece  of  the  Laird  of  MacLeod,  by  whom 
he  had  a  son,  John  MacKinnon  of  Mishnish,  whose  posterity  is  now 
extinct. 

15.  John  MacKinnon,  or  MacKinnon  Dhu,  grandson  of  Lachlan 
Mhore,  .succeeded  in  1 7 11 .  He  married  a  daughter  of  Archbishop 
Sharp,  by  whom  he  had  a  son  John,  hereafter  mentioned.  He  was 
attainted  for  being  engaged  in  the  Stuart  rebellion  of  1715,  having  been 


MACKINNON.  289 

with  his  clan  along  with  the  MacDonalds  of  Sleat  at  the  battle  of 
Sheriffmuir.  Though  still  under  attainder,  he  was  engaged  in  the  rebel- 
lion of  1745  (he  was  at  CuUoden  with  two  hundred  of  his  clan),  and 
was  instrumental  in  enabling  Prince  Charles  Edward  to  effect  his  escape 
from  tlie  west  coast  to  France.  His  estates  were  confiscated,  and  pur- 
chased by  the  Laird  of  (Irant,  an  ancient  ally  of  the  family,  who,  in 
1728,  conveyed  them  in  trust, —  i,  to  JoHX  MacKinnon  the  younger, 
son  of  the  attainted  chief,  and  his  heirs-male ;  2,  to  any  sons  the  chief 
might  have  by  a  second  marriage ;  3,  to  John  MacKinnon  of  Mfshnish 
and  his  heirs-male.  John  MacKinnon  the  younger  died  in  1737  with- 
out male  issue,  when  John  MacKinnon  of  Mishnish  took  possession  of 
the  lands.  But  the  old  chief  married  again  in  1743,  was  out  in  the 
rebellion  in  1745,  was  arrested  in  1746,  and  taken  a  prisoner  to  London. 
After  his  return  home,  he  had  two  sons,  —  Charles,  who  succeeded 
to  the  title  and  estates ;  and  Lachlan,  who  died  in  Jamaica,  unmarried. 
The  old  chief  died  in  1755,  and  was  succeeded  by  — 

16.  Charles  MacKlnnon,  who  sold  the  estates  of  Mishnish  and 
Strathardill.  He  married  Alexandra,  a  daughter  of  MacLeod  of  Mac- 
Leod, and  had  an  only  son  John,  who  succeeded. 

17.  John  MacKinnon,  the  last  of  the  family  of  Kilmorie,  died  in 
Leith,  unmarried,  in  1808.  He  was  the  last  in  the  line  of  succession 
from  Lachlan,  eldest  son  of  Lachlan  iMiu  (10). 

Tne  tradition  is  that  twenty-nine  chiefs  in  all  had  intervened  between 
Findon,  son  of  Prince  MacGregor  MacAli)in,  and  the  last-named  John  ; 
but  no  record  of  twelve  of  them  exists.  The  line  cT  succession  being 
now  changed  to  the  heirs- male  of  Tearlach  Skeanach  (Charles  of 
Skye),  the  second  son  of  Lachlan  Dhu,  who  left  numerous  descendants 
in  the  male  line, 

18.  Lachi^n  MacKinnon,  of  Corry  and  Letterfearn,  became  chief. 
He  was  the  son  of  Charles  MacKinnon  by  his  wife  Flora,  daughter  of 
Mrs.  Ann  MacAlister.  In  1  794  he  married  Ann  MacRae,  and  had  sons 
Lachlan,  Charles,  Farquhar,  Alexander  Kenneth,  Kenneth,  and  eight 
daughters.     He  died  in  1828,  and  was  succeeded  by  his  eldest  son, — 

19.  Lachl.\n  MacKinnon  of  Corry  and  Letterfearn,  who  married 
Catharine  MacDougall,  and  had  issue  five  daughters.  He  died  in  1836, 
and  was  succeeded  by  his  brother,  — 


290  FLORA    MACDOXALD. 

20.  Charles  MacKinnon.  He  married  Henrietta  Stadd,  and  had 
issue  eight  daughters.  He  died  in  1873.  His  brother  Farquhar  died 
in  1825  without  male  heirs.  ^Alexander  Kenneth  also  died  in  1871. 
He  married,  in  182/j,  Flora  Downie,  and  by  her  had  one  son,  Alister, 
who  died  in  i860,  and  one  daughter,  .Annabella,  who  married  Admiral 
Rutherford. 

Alexander  Kenneth  MacKinnon  married  secondly,  in  1841,  Barbara, 
daughter  of  Capt.  Daniel  Reid  of  the  loyal  navy,  and  had  four  daugh- 
ters, —  Flora  Downie,  Katharine,  Annie  Flora,  and  Charlotte  ;  and  four 
sons,  —  Lauchuan  Charles,  born  in  1848,  Daniel,  Charles,  and  Thomas 
MacKenzie.  The  eldest  surviving  son  of  Alexander  Kenneth  succeeded 
to  the  chieftainship. 

2\.  Lauchlan  Charles  MacKlnnon  of  Melbourne,  Australia.  He 
married,  first,  Bessie,  widow  of  Mr.  Auketell  Jones.  She  died  in  1874. 
Mr.  MacKinnon  married  next  Emily  Grace  Bundock  MacKinnon,  the 
niece  and  adopted  daughter  of  his  cousin,  Lauchlan  MacKinnon  of 
Ehordleigh,  Devonshire,  and  has  issue:  i.  Lauchlan,  born  in  Australia, 
1877;  2.  Barbara  Emily,  born  in  London,  1878;  3.  Annie,  born  in 
Australia,  1882. 

One  of  the  traditions  that  linger  around  the  old  MacKinnon  home- 
stead at  Argyle  is  of  the  relationship  of  Ranald  MacKinnon  to  the  cele- 
brated Flora  MacDonald,  —  "a  name,"  wrote  Dr.  Johnson,  when,  in 
1772,  he  made  her  personal  acquaintance,  "that  will  be  remembered  in 
history,  and,  if  courage  and  fidelity  be  virtues,  mentioned  with  honor.'' 
Whether  there  was  a  blood  relationship,  cannot  here  be  determined,  but 
researches  disclose  these  facts  :  — 

Flora  MacDonald  was  the  daughter  of  Ranald  MacDonald  of  Milton, 
in  the  Island  of  South  Uist,  born  in  1722.  She  had  one  brother,  Angus. 
Her  father  died  when  she  was  about  two  years  old ;  and  eight  years 
afterward  her  mother  married  Hugh  MacDonald  of  Sleat,  in  Skye. 

In  1750,  Flora  married  Allan  MacDonald,  son  of  Alexander  Mac- 
Donald of  Kingsburg,  Skye.  Her  husband  had  a  sister  Ann,  who  mar- 
ried Ranald  MacAlister.  Flora  was  bridesmaid,  and  said  afterward  that 
upon  that  occasion  she  and  Allan  became  attached.  "  Although  not 
absolutely  engaged  by  word  of  mouth,  yet  we  felt  we  thoroughly 
understood  each  other." 


FLORA   MACDOXALD  29 1 

Ann  MacAlister  had  a  daughter  Fi.nR.\ ;  and,  oeing  herself  left  a 
widow,  she  married  Lachlan  MacKinnon  of  Corry,  in  Skye,  the  fifth  in 
descent  from  Tearmch  Skfanach,  whose  eldest  son  by  a  jirevious  mar- 
riage, Charles  MacKinnon,  afterward  married  Flora  MacAlistf.r  ;  and 
the  only  son  of  Charles  and  Flora  was  Lachlan  MacKinnon  of  Corry 
and  Letterfearn  (18  above),  the  first  chief  in  the  new  line. 

Flora  MacDonald  inspired  Flora  Maclvor  in  "  VVaverley ;  "  and  Flora's 
"Battle  Song"  represents  the  welcome  which  met  Prince  Charles 
Edward  Stuart  when,  on  July  25,  1745,  encouraged  by  promises  of 
support  from  the  King  of  France,  and  •  -ompanied  by  a  few  faithful 
followers,  he  landed  at  Boradale,  on  the  south-west  corner  of  Inverness, 
to  make  another  effort  to  recover  the  throne  for  his  father,  James  III., 
and  the  House  of  Stuart. 

THE   BATTLE   SONG. 

There  is  mist  on  the  mountain,  and  night  on  the  vale ; 
But  more  dark  is  the  sleep  of  the  sons  of  the  Gael. 
A  stranger  commanded  —  it  sunk  on  the  land  : 
It  has  frozen  each  heart,  and  benumbed  every  hand. 

The  dirk  and  the  target  lie  sordid  with  dust; 
The  bloodless  claymore  is  but  reddened  whh  rust; 
On  the  hill  or  the  glen,  if  a  gun  should  appear, 
It  is  only  to  war  with  the  heathcock  or  deer. 

The  deeds  of  our  sires  if  our  bards  should  rehearse, 
Let  a  flash  or  a  blow  be  the  meed  of  their  verse ! 
Be  mu»s  every  string,  and  be  hushed  every  tone, 
That  shall  bid  us  remember  the  fame  that  is  flown ! 

But  the  da::c  hours  of  night  and  of  slumbers  are  past; 
The  morn  on  our  mountains  is  dawning  at  last ; 
Glenaladale's  peaks  are  illumed  with  the  rays, 
And  the  streams  of  Glenfinnan  leap  bright  in  the  blaze. 

O  high-minded  Moray!  —  the  exiled!  — the  dear! 

In  the  blush  of  the  dawning  the  standard  uprear ! 

Wide,  wide  in  the  winds  of  the  North  let  it  fly, 
Like  the  sun's  latest  flash  when  the  tempest  is  nigh  ! 


292  THE  BATTLE  CONG. 

X  Ye  sons  of  the  strong,  when  that  dawning  shall  break, 

Need  the  harp  of  the  aged  remind  you  to  wake? 
That  dawn  never  beamed  on  your  forefather's  eye, 
But  it  roused  each  high  chieftain  to  vanquish  or  die. 

Oh  !  sprung  from  the  kings  who  in  Islay  kept  state, 
Proud  chiefs  of  Clan-Ranald,  Glengarry,  and  Sleat, 
Combine  like  three  streams  from  one  niountain  of  snow, 
And,  resistless  in  union,  rush  down  on  the  foe ! 

True  son  of  Sir  Ewan,  undaunted  Lochiel, 
Place  thy  targe  on  thy  shoulder,  and  burnish  thy  steel ! 
Rough  Keppoch,  give  breath  to  thy  bugle's  bold  swell, 
Till  far  Corryarroch  resound  to  the  knell  ! 

Stern  son    •'  Lord  Kenneth,  high  Chief  of  Kintail, 
Let  the  stas,  -.i  thy  standard  bound  wild  in  the  gale ! 
May  the  race  of  Clan-Gillean,  the  fearless  and  free, 
Remember  Glenlivat,  Harlaw,  -.nd  Dundee  ! 

Lit  the  clan  of  ^i;ray  Fingon,  whose  offspring  has  given 
Suck  heroes  to  earth  and  such  martyrs  to  heaven. 
Unite  with  the  race  of  renowned  Rorri  More, 
To  launch  the  long  galley,  and  stretch  to  the  oar! 

How  MacShimei  will  joy  when  their  chief  shall  display 
The  yew-crested  bonnet  o'er  tresses  of  gray  ! 
How  the  race  of  wronged  Alpine  and  murdered  Glencoe 
Shall  shout  for  revenge  when  they  pour  on  the  foe ! 

Ye  sons  of  brown  Dermid,  who  slew  the  wild  boar, 
Resume  the  pure  faith  of  the  great  Callum  More ! 
MacNiel  of  the  Islands,  and  Moy  of   the  Lake, 
For  honor,  for  freedom,  for  vengeance  awake  ! 

Awake  on  your  hills,  on  your  islands  awake, 

Brave  sons  of  the  mountain,  the  frith,  and  the  lake  ! 

'Tis  the  bugle  —  but  not  for  the  chase  is  the  call! 

'Tis  the  pibroch's  shrill  summons  —  but  not  for  the  hall ! 


CHARLES  EDWARD  STUART.  293 

'Tis  the  summons  of  heroes  for  conquest  or  death, 
When  the  banners  are  blazing  on  tiou :!^?  a  and  heath: 
They  call  to  the  dirk,  the  claymore,  ar.  .  the  targe, 
To  the  march  and  the  muster,  the  line  and  the  charge  ! 

Be  the  brand  of  each  chieftain  like  Fin's  in  his  ir 
May  the  blood  through  his  veins  flow  like  currents  of   fire  I 
Burst  the  base  foreign  yoke  as  your  sires  did  of  yore. 
Or  die  like  your  sires,  and  endure  it  no  more  ! 

After  a  series  of  successes,  and  the  defeat  and  rout  of  the  royal 
troops  by  Charles  Edward  and  his  three  or  four  thousand  brave  High- 
landers, who  at  one  time  marched  within  a  hundred  miles  of  London, 
spreading  consternation  throughout  England,  on  the  i6th  of  April,  1746, 
they  were  defeated  at  Culloden  by  an  overwhelming  force  of  Argyle- 
shire  Highlanders,  Lowland  Militia,  and  English  troops.  For  the  next 
five  months,  his  troops  having  dispersed,  Charles  was  a  fugitive,  pursued 
through  the  Highlands  and  islands  with  a  price  of  thirty  thousand  pounds 
set  upon  his  head ;  and  although  his  secret  places  of  concealment  were 
intrusted  to  more  than  fifty  persons,  some  of  them  of  lowly  station,  who 
knew  that  by  betraying  him  they  might  thenceforth  live  in  affluence, 
Charles  was  at  last  taken  on  board  of  a  French  ship,  and  safely  landed 
on  the  coast  of  Brittany. 

It  so  happened,  while  Charles  was  on  the  Long  Island,  — that  having 
been  at  first  considered  a  safer  retreat  than  any  to  be  found  on  the  main 
land,  and  offering  better  opportunities  for  an  escape  to  France, —  that 
Flora  MacDonald  was  there  also,  having  gone  over  from  Skye  to  visit 
her  brother  Angus,  who  occupied  her  old  home  at  Milton,  South  Uist. 
The  islands  were  at  that  time  filled  with  bodies  of  the  royal  troops  ni 
pursuit  of  the  fugitive,  and  ships  of  war  hovered  everywhere  about  the 
coasts  to  prevent  his  escape  by  sea.  It  was  then  that  Flora,  having,  at 
her  own  earnest  request,  been  favored  with  an  interview  with  the  prince 
at  his  place  of  concealment  in  an  old  building  belonging  to  her  brother 
a  mile  or  two  distant  among  the  hills,  conceived  the  design  of  assisting 
in  his  escape  ;  and  in  its  execution  she  was  aided  by  the  counsel  and 
support  of  Mrs.  MacDonald  of  Ormaclade.  Says  Sir  Walter  Scott  in 
"  Waverley,"  "  It  is  but  too  well  known  how  many  gentlemen  of  rank, 


294  CHARLES  EDWARD  STUART. 

education,  and  fortune,  took  a  concern  in  the  ill-fated  and  desperate 
nndertaking  of  1745.  The  ladies,  also,  of  Scotland,  very  generally 
espoused  the  cause  of  the  gallant  and  hamibome  young  prince,  who 
threw  himself  upon  the  mercy  of  his  countrymen,  rather  like  the  hero  of 
romance  than  a  calculating  pohtrcian." 

Capt.  Hugh  Mac  Donald,  Flora's  stepfather,  was  on  Long  Island  in 
command  of  a  body  of  the  royal  troops ;  and,  by  a  successful  stratagem, 
a  passport  was  procured  from  him  to  enable  Flora  and  a  female  servant 
to  return  home  to  Skye.  Her  friend,  Mrs.  MacDonald,  furnished  a  six- 
oared  boat ;  and  Flora,  accompanied  by  her  own  and  her  brother's  faithful 
friend,  Niel  MacEachern,  who  had  been  their  companion  from  childhood, 
and  with  the  prince  disguised  as  a  female  servant  in  a  garb  supplied  by 
Mrs.  MacDonald,  left  Beubecula  on  June  ^6  at  eight  o'clock  at  night ; 
and,  crossing  over  in  a  rainstorm  and  gale  of  wind,  they  arrived  on  the 
coast  of  Skye  the  next  morning,  landing  upon  the  property  of  Sir  Alex- 
ander MacDonald,  the  chief  man  in  that  part  of  the  island,  who  was 
favorable  to  the  house  of  Hanover,  but  who,  as  Flora  had  discovered, 
was  away  from  home. 

Flora,  hovv  \er,  knew  that  the  prince  had  a  friend  in  Lady  Margaret, 
and  so  set  off  to  see  her,  leaving  the  prince  in  the  boat.  Upon  consulta- 
tion with  Lady  Margaret  and  MacDonald  of  Kingsburg,  Flora's  future 
father-in-law,  who  chanced  to  be  on  a  visit  to  Lady  Margaret,  and  who 
was  favorable  to  the  prince,  it  was  decided  that  the  prince  should  be 
taken  to  MacLeod  of  Raasay,  and  in  the  mean  time,  until  MacLeod 
could  be  communicated  with,  that  Kingsburg  should  give  him 
shelter. 

So  Flora  conducted  Kingsburg  to  the  prince.  "  I  am  MacDonald 
of  Kingsburg,  come  to  serve  your  Highness."  —  "Ah  !  that's  well,"  said 
the  prince.  "And  now,"  rejoined  Kingsburg,  "while  you  are  eating 
what  I've  brought  in  this  basket,  — there's  some  capital  whiskey  too,  —  I 
will  tell  your  Highness  the  plan  proposed  by  Lady  Margaret,  after  which 
the  sooner  we  set  forward,  the  better." 

The  prince  and  MacDonald  then  went  to  Kingsburg  House,  where 
Flora  and  MacEachern  soon  joined  them,  the  boat  having  been  sent 
back  to  Long  Island.  The  next  afternoon  the  prince.  Flora,  Kingsburg, 
and  MacEachern  proceeded  across  the  island  to  Portree,  where   they 


CHARLES.  EDWARD  STUART.  295 

found  Malcolm  MacLeod  with  his  boat  in  waiting.     Flora  resigned  her 
charge  to  Malcolm,  and  they  crossed  over  to  the  Island  of  Raasay. 

"  At  parting,"  Flora  says  in  the  Autobiography  to  her  Granddaughter 
Maggie,  "  the  prince  turned  aside  for  a  moment  to  hide  the  tears  which 
gathered  in  his  clear  blue  eyes,  and  then  (dear  Maggie,  I  am  bound  to 
confess  the  truth)  he  did  give  me  a  kiss  on  the  cheek,  which  royal  salute 
I  shall  ever  consider  an  honor  never  to  be  erased  from  my  memory. 
He  also  took  a  friendly  farewell  of  worthy  MacEachem,  little  dreaming 
that  the  honest  man  would  afterward  accompany  him  to  France." 

Not  long  afterward.  Flora  was  arrested  on  a  charge  of  having  aided 
the  escape  of  the  prince,  and  was  taken  on  board  of  a  man-of-war.  She 
was  courteously  received  by  Gen.  Campbell  in  the  state  cabin,  and  was 
afterward  permitted,  under  escort,  to  viiit  her  mother,  and  take  back 
with  her  a  faithful  servant,  Katie  MacDowel,  as  a  companion  in  her  im- 
prisonment. In  November  they  were  transferred  to  another  ship,  and 
sent  to  London  ;  and  on  board  this  ship  Flora  was  surprised  to  meet 
Malcolm  MacLeod,  who  had  been  arrested  on  a  similar  charge. 

In  London,  Flora  was  treated  more  like  a  heroine  than  a  prisoner. 
She  was  permitted  to  receive  many  friendly  attentions  from  the  Jacobite 
ladies;  and  when  released,  in  July,  1747,  she  was  loaded  down  with 
valuable  presents,  and  provided  with  a  carriage  and  horses  to  take  her 
back  to  Scotland.  Malcolm,  who  was  also  released  in  the  general 
amnesty  of  1747,  was  her  companion  on  the  journey  home. 

A  rare  book  is  — 

"  A  Genuine  and  True  Journal  of  the  most  miraculous  escape  of  the 
Young  Chevalier,  from  the  Battle  of  CuUoden  to  his  landing  in  France. 
Taken  from  the  Mouths  and  Journals  of  the  very  Persons  who  assisted 
him  therein.  Partly  wrote  in  London  and  partly  in  Scotland.  To  which 
is  added.  A  Short  Account  of  what  befel  the  Prince  in  France,  and  of 
the  manner  of  taking  him  Prisoner  and  of  sending  him  to  Avignon. 
Together  with  a  Brief  Relation  of  what  became  of  some  of  those  who 
composed  his  Army. 

By  An  Englishman,  London,  1749." 

The  following  is  the  Englishman's  narration  of  the  prince's  adven- 
tures from  the  time  Flora  left  him  with  Malcolm  MacLeod  until  he 
reached  the  coast  of  France. 


296  CHARLES  EDWARD   STUART. 

"  Early  in  the  morning  of  July  i,  the  prince,  with  Capt.  Malcolm 
and  his  party,  arrived  safe  in  Raasay,  six  miles  distant.  On  July  3,  the 
prince  proposed  going  to  Troternish,  in  Skye  ;  and,  Malcolm  with  him 
in  the  boat,  they  reached  there  the  same  night,  Malcolm  remaining 
alone  with  the  prince,  the  rest  of  the  party  returning  to  Raasay. 

"  On  the  morning  of  July  4,  the  prince  and  Mu'-  c!m  started  into  the 
country ;  the  captain  passing  for  the  master,  and  the  prince  for  the  man, 
whenever  they  saw  any  person,  or  came  near  any  village.  They  marched 
through  the  worst  ways  in  Europe,  going  over  hills,  wild  moors,  and 
glens,  without  halting,  till  they  arrived  at  Ellagol,  near  to  Kilmorie,  in 
Strath  ;  and  next  to  a  place,  in  some  maps  called  Ord,  in  the  Laird  of 
MacKinnon's  country,  and  not  far  from  where  that  laird  lived,  having 
walked  twenty- Tour  miles  at  least. 

"As  they  were  approaching  Strath,  MacKinnon's  country,  the  cap- 
tain suggested  to  the  prince  that  now  he  was  coming  to  a  country  where 
he  would  be  known,  and  therefore  might  be  discovered  in  every  corner  of 
it,  as  MacKinnon's  men  had  been  out  in  his  service,  and  that  therefore 
he  must  be  more  disguised.  To  do  which  the  prince  put  on  a  napkin, 
and  his  bonnet  over  it,  putting  his  wig  in  his  pocket.  '  But  nothing,' 
said  Malcolm,  '  could  disguise  his  majestic  mien  and  carriage.' 

"  They  no  sooner  were  in  Strath  than  they  met  two  of  MacKinnon's 
men  who  had  been  out  with  them  in  the  expedition.  They  stared  at 
the  prince,  and  soon  knew  him  ;  and,  with  lifted-up  hands,  they  burst 
into  tears  upon  seeing  him  in  such  distress.  The  captain  desired  they 
would  take  care  what  they  did,  and  compose  themselves ;  for  otherwise 
they  would  discover  who  the  prince  was  by  their  concern.  Which  they 
complied  with  as  well  as  they  could.  And  then  Malcolm,  swearing  them 
to  secrecy,  dismissed  them  ;  and  they  proved  faithful. 

"  Being  come  near  the  place  they  proposed  going  to,  Malcolm  told 
the  prince  that  he  had  a  sister  married  to  one  John  MacKinnon,  a  cap- 
tain in  the  prince's  army.  And  then  he  advised  the  prince  to  sit  down 
at  a  little  distance  from  the  house,  whilst  he  (the  captain)  went  into  the 
house,  and  shoulu  .  iquire  of  his  sister,  or  her  husband,  whether  any  of 
their  enemies  were  in  that  neighborhood  in  quest  of  hini ;  and  likewise 
to  know  whether  he,  Malcolm,  could  be  safe  there  with  her,  telling  the 
prince  he  was  still  to  pass  as  his  servant,  Lewis  Caw. 


CHARLES  EDWARD  STUART.  297 

"  Malcolm  went  and  found  his  sister  at  home,  but  her  husband  was 
out.  And  after  the  usual  compliments  at  meeting,  he  told  her  that  he 
was  come  to  stay  some  little  time  there,  provided  there  was  no  party  of 
the  military  people  about  them,  and  that  he  could  be  safe.  She  gave 
him  a  suitable  answer;  and  tl  11  he  told  her  he  had  no  person  along 
with  him  except  one  Lewis  Caw,  son  of  Mr.  Caw,  surgeon  in  Crief,  who 
had  been  out  in  the  late  affair,  and  consequently  in  the  same  situation 
with  himself.  She  very  readily  agreed  to  take  him  and  Lewis  Caw  into 
the  house. 

"After  some  refreshments  which  were  set  before  them,  both  the 
prince  and  the  captain  went  to  sleep.  During  which  time  the  captain's 
sister  went  to  the  top  of  the  hill  to  keep  watch,  lest  they  should  be 
surprised.  ... 

"The  captain,  hearing  his  brother-in-law  was  coming,  went  out  to 
meet  him.  After  usual  ceremonies,  Malcolm  asked  him  if  he  saw  those 
ships-of-war  (pointing  to  them)  that  were  hovering  about  the  coast. 
'Yes,'  said  Mr.  MacKinnon.  'What,'  said  Malcolm,  'if  the  prince  be 
on  board  one  of  them  ?  '  — '  God  forbid  ! '  replied  MacKinnon.  '  What,' 
said  Malcolm,  '  if  he  were  here?  John,  do  you  think  he  would  be  safe 
here  ? '  —  'I  wish  we  had  him  here,'  replied  John  ;  '  for  he  would  be  safe 
enough,  and  nothing  would  hurt  him  here.'  — '  Well,  then,'  said  Malcolm, 
'  he  is  now  in  your  house.  But  when  you  go  in,  you  must  not  take  any 
notice  of  him,  lest  the  servants  may  observe  you  ;  for  he  passes  as  one 
Lewis  Caw,  my  servant.'  John  promised  very  fair.  But  he  no  sooner 
saw  the  prince  in  that  condition  than  he  burst  into  a  flood  of  tears, 
which  Malcolm  observing,  obliged  John  to  retire. 

"  When  the  prince  and  Malcolm  were  alone,  they  began  to  consult 
how  the  prince  was  to  get  to  the  Continent  of  Scotland  ;  and  both  agreed 
not  to  let  the  Laird  of  MacKinnon  know  of  their  being  there,  on  account 
of  his  being  so  old.  They  then  called  John  MacKinnon,  and  desired 
him  go  and  procure  a  boat,  as  i^  for  Malcolm  only,  and  made  John 
promise  not  to  communicate  any  thing  of  what  he  had  heard  or  seen  to 
the  laird,  if  he  and  John  should  chance  to  meet. 

"  John,  having  his  instructions,  set  forward ;  but  soon  meeting  with 
his  old  chieftain,  he  could  not  refrain  letting  him  into  the  secret.  The 
good  old  man,  hearing  John's  relation,  ordered  him  to  give  himself  no 


298  CHARLES  EDWARD  STUART. 

trouble  about  the  boat,  for  that  he,  the  laird,  would  provide  a  good  one, 
and  would  soon  be  with  the  prince. 

"John  returned,  and  told  the  prince  what  had  happened,  and  that 
the  laird  would  soon  be  with  him.  Malcolm  then  said  to  the  prince, 
*  As  the  case  now  stands,  it  will  be  best  to  leave  all  to  the  management 
of  the  old  gentleman,  who  will  be  firm  to  his  tn    '.' 

"  The  prince,  notwithstanding  this,  was  uneasy  at  tlie  thought  of 
parting  with  his  faithful  Malcolm.  But  Malcolm  represented  to  the 
prince  that  as  he,  the  captain,  had  been  some  time  absent,  the  military 
people  might  pursue  him  on  suspicion;  aid,  if  so,  he  might  be  the 
cause  of  the  prince  being  taken  also.  •  But  if  I  return,  and  should  be 
taken  prisoner,'  said  Malcolm,  'which  may  very  likely  be  the  case,  it 
will  yet  enable  me  to  prevent  so  quick  a  pursuit  after  you  ;  because,  as 
I  am  alone,  I  can  tell  my  own  tale  without  being  confronted,  and  can 
send  them  upon  a  wrong  scent.  For  myself,'  continued  Malcolm,  '  I 
care  not ;  but  for  you  I  am  much  afraid.  And,  as  I  can  do  you  more 
service  by  leaving  than  by  staying  with  you,  I  desire  you'll  follow  the 
Laird  of  MacKinnon's  directions.' 

"  The  prince  at  last  consented  ;  and  by  this  time  the  old  gentleman 
got  to  them,  and  told  them  he  had  got  the  boat  ready,  upon  which  they 
set  out  for  it  directly  ;  being  accompanied  thither  by  John  MacKinnon 
also,  who  even  went  with  his  laird  to  the  continent  of  Scotland,  and  saw 
the  prince  safe  landed  there. 

"  At  parting,  the  prince  presented  Malcolm  with  a  silver  stock- 
buckle,  embraced  and  saluted  him  twice,  and,  thanking  him  for 
what  he  had  done,  put  ten  guineas  into  his  hand,  which  the  captain 
refused  j  but  the  prince  forced  him  to  take  them.  Here,  also,  the 
prince,  having  got  a  better  pipe,  had  no  further  occasion  for  the 
short  one,  which  was  black  with  use,  and  was  called  the  Cutty. 
This  Malcolm  took,  and  some  time  after  gave  it  to  a  friend  of  his  in 
England. 

"  Having  taken  leave  of  Malcolm,  the  prince,  the  old  laird  of 
MacKinnon,  John  MacKinnon,  and  the  )oatmen,  all  went  on  board  on 
the  evening  of  Friday,  the  fourth  day  of  July. 

"  Capt.  Malcolm  returned  home  again,  but  was  not  many  days  there 
before  he  was  taken  prisoner.     He  was  detained  on  board  a  ship ;  and 


CHARLES  EDWARD  STUART.  299 

in  November,  i  746,  he  was  conveyed  to  London,  and  there  kept  until 
July,  1747,  and  was  then  discharged  without  being  asked  ony  questions. 
He  had  cleared  himself  of  taking  arms  in  behalf  of  the  prince  by 
surrendering  with  his  men  according  to  the  Duke  of  Cumberland's 
proclamation.  He  and  Miss  Mac  Donald  returned  to  Scotland  together. 
All  this  account  7uas  given  by  Capt.  Malcolm  MacLeod  himself,  and 
7c>as  wrote  down  as  he  dictated.  .  .  . 

"  I  observed  that  the  prince  left  the  island  for  the  continent  of 
Scotland  on  the  4th  of  July,  under  the  care  of  the  old  Laird  of  Mac- 
Kinnon. The  night  proved  tempestuous,  and  the  coast  was  very 
dangerous.  They  also  met  a  boat  in  which  were  some  armed  militia, 
with  whom  they  spoke  ;  and,  as  the  militia  did  not  much  exceed  their 
own  number,  the  prince  and  party  resolved  to  make  all  the  head  they 
could,  and  to  fight  in  case  they  had  been  attacked.  But,  in  spite  of  all 
these  dangers,  they  landed  safe  at  Moidart,  being  about  thirty  miles 
from  the  place  they  set  out  from,  and  went  again  to  Angus  MacDonald's 
house  at  Boradale,  where  the  prince  changed  his  dress,  and  sent  forj 
Mac  Donald  of  Glenaladale,  of  Clanranald  family. 

"  After  having  landed  the  prince,  the  Laird  of  MacKinnon  took  his 
leave,  and  set  forward  on  his  return  home,  but  was  taken  prisoner  on 
his  passage  back  (so  close  was  the  prince  pursued),  and  was  conveyed 
into  the  Thames  by  sea,  and  tiiere,  partly  on  board  ship,  and  partly  in 
Tilbury  Fort,  was  kept  a  close  prisoner. 

"The  prince  remamed  in  the  country,  removing  from  place  to  place, 
until  about  Sept.  15,  when  with  Lochiel,  among  the  hills  between  the 
Braes  of  Badenoch  and  .Alhol,  two  of  his  friends  came  to  tell  him  that 
two  French  ships  had  arrived  at  Moidart.  Upon  this  the  prince  set  out 
the  night  following,  and  at  the  same  time  sent  to  inform  others  who 
were  secreted  in  different  places.  Some  arrived  at  the  place  appointed 
in  time  ;  but  several,  by  some  accident  or  other,  had  not  that  good 
fortune.  The  prince,  after  seeing  his  friends  on  board  both  ships, 
embarked,  on  Sept.  20,  on  board  the  Bellona  of  St.  Malo ;  and  on 
che  29th  of  same  month,  after  a  pleasant  voyage,  though  narrowly 
escaping  Admiral  Lestock's  squadron,  they  reached  the  coast  of 
Bretagne." 

Mr.  Keltic's  account  is  a  little  more  explicit  in  what  took  place  after 


30O  FLORA   MACDOMALD. 

the  passage  in  the  boat  from  Skye.  He  says  the  prince  and  party 
landed  at  Little  Mallech  in  the  nit^ht  of  July  4,  on  the  south  side  of 
Loch  Nevish,  between  Morar  and  Moiilart,  and  secreted  themsci  _s  for 
a  few  dfiys  on  the  banks  of  the  loch,  while  John  MacKinnon  went  in 
search  of  parties  to  take  charge  of.  the  prince  until  a  ship  arriveil  from 
France.  The  old  laird  was  unwilling  to  leave  the  prince  ;  but,  on  account 
of  his  age,  the  prince  recjuested  him  to  return  home.  He  took  his 
leave  on  July  7,  was  arrested  before  he  reached  home,  and  taken  to 
London.  On  the  loth  of  July,  John  MacKinnon  left  the  prince  with 
"  honest  old  yEneas  MacDonald  of  Boradale ; "  and  soon  after  his 
return  to  Skye,  he,  too,  was  arrested,  taken  to  London,  and  kept  there 
until  July,  1747. 

Flora  MacDon'ald  married  Allan  MacDonald  in  November,  1750; 
and  in  1 766  they  had  seven  children,  —  Charles,  Ann,  Alexander, 
Ranald,  James,  John,  and  Fanny.  Li  1774,  Flora,  with  her  husband 
and  children,  except  the  two  youngest,  John  and  Fanny,  who 
were  left  with  friends  at  home,  emigrated  to  North  Carolina,  where 
many  of  their  friends  and  neighbors  had  previously  gone,  and  where 
Mr.  MacDonald  purchased  an  estate  upon  the  borders  of  Richmond 
County. 

In  the  American  rebellion  of  1776,  the  Highlanders  were  loyal  to 
the  British  Government.  They  organized  a  -egiment  called  the  North- 
Carolina  Highlanders,  under  Gen.  DonaiQ  MacDonald,  with  Allan  as 
one  of  the  captains.  Major  Samuel  Andrews  of  Tusket,  as  will  be 
remembered,  was  commissioned  as  lieutenant  in  the  North-Carolina 
Highlanders ;  and  Capt.  Jesse  Gray,  afterward  of  Argyle,  and  the 
ancestor  of  the  Grays  of  Kemptville,  was  attached  to  the  same 
regiment. 

At  the  close  of  the  war,  disappointed  with  their  life  in  America,  the 
family  returned  to  Skye ;  Flora's  daughter  Ann  having,  meanwhile, 
married  Major  MacLeod,  afterward  a  distinguished  general;  and  her 
sons  Charles,  Ranald,  Alexander,  and  James  having  joined  the  public 
service,  —  Charles,  the  "  Queen's  Rangers  "  at  New  York,  and  James, 
the  "  Highland  Emigrant  Regiment,"  under  Col.  Tarleton,  which  had 
the  unhappy  experience  at  Port  Mouton.  Alexander  joined  the  navy, 
and  was  lost  at  sea ;  and  John  was  a  distinguished  engineer  in  the 


FLORA   MACDONALD.  301 

East-India  Company's  service.  Ranald  went  intc  the  navy ;  and 
Fanny  married  Donald  MacDonald,  son  of  Flora's  half-sister, 
Annabella.  Flora  MacDonald  died  in  Skye,  on  March  5,  1790,  and 
was  buried  at  Kilmuir  in  Troternish.  Her  Imsband  survived  her  two 
years. 

Her  youngest  son,  Lieut.-Col.  John  MacDonald,  had  originally 
sent  to  Skye  a  tombstone  to  his  mother's  memory,  upon  which 
were  inscribed  the  appropriate  words  of  Dr.  Johnson ;  but  it  was 
utterly  ■  destroyed  by  tourists  taking  away  pieces  of  the  marble  as 
relics.  In  i860,  a  great-grandson  of  Flora,  Major  John  MacDonald, 
had  another  tombstone  set  up  to  mark  her  last  resting-place,  with  this 
inscription  :  — 

"  In  the  history  of  Scotland  and  England  is  recorded  the  name  of 
her  by  whose  memory  this  tablet  is  rendered  sacred  ;  and  mankind  will 
consider  that  in  Flora  MacDonald  was  united  the  calm,  heroic  fortitude 
of  a  man  with  the  unselfish  devotion  of  a  woman.  Under  Providence 
she  saved  Prince  Charles  Edward  Stuart  from  death  on  a  scaffold,  thus 
preventing  the  house  of  Hanover  incurring  the  blame  of  an  impolitic 
judicial  murder." 

Niel  MacDonald  MacEachern,  who  accompanied  Flora  in  the  boat, 
soon  afterward  rejoined  Prince  Charles,  and  went  with  him  in  the  ship 
to  France.  At  his  royal  master's  request,  Niel  was  appointed  lieutenant 
in  Ogilvie's  Regiment  of  the  Scotch  Brigade  in  the  service  of  France. 
He  married  a  French  lady ;  and  his  son  became  one  of  Napoleon's 
greatest  generals.  Marshal  MacDonald. 

Prince  Charle.s  Edward  Stuart  died  in  January,  1 788,  in  his  sixty- 
eighth  year,  and  was  entombed  in  the  Cathedral  of  St.  Peter's  at  Rome. 
By  the  death  of  Charles,  Prince  Henry  Stuart,  Cardinal  York,  became 
entitled  to  his  brother's  rights  in  the  sovereignty  of  Great  Britain. 
George  III.  allowed  him  four  thousand  pounds  per  annum,  —  a  pension 
he  enjoyed  until  his  death  in  1807,  in  his  eighty-third  year.  He  was  the 
last  of  his  race ;  and  he  bequeathed,  as  Henry  Stuart,  to  George  IV., 
then  Prince  of  Wales,  the  crown  jewels  of  his  grandfather,  James  II., 
among  which  was  the  Order  of  the  Garter  as  worn  by  Charles  I.  The 
cardinal's  death  made  George  III.  King  of  Great  Britain  by  inheritance 
from  the  house  of  Stuart.        


302  THE  LAST  OF   THE  STUARTS. 

Over  the  remains  of  James  III.,  Charlrs  III.,  and  Henry  IX.,  kings 
of  Gr/at  Britain,  a  monument  has  been  erected  in  St.  Peter's  at  Rome, 
at  the  expense  of  the  house  of  Hanover.     It  bears  this  inscription  :  — 

JACOBO    III. 

JACOBI    II,    MAGNCE    BRIT:     REGIS    FILIO  ; 

KAROLO    EDWARnO, 

ET    HENRICO,    DECANO    PATRUM    CARDINALIUM, 

JACOBI    in,    FILIIS; 

REGICE    STIRPIS    STUARDICE    POSTREMIS. 

ANNO   MDCCCXIX. 

DEATI    MORTUI 
QUI    IN    DOMINO    MORIUNTUR. 


CHAPTER   XVII. 

First  Nova-^cotia  Parliament  in  1758. —  How  constituted.  —  Queens  County  established  in 
1762,  includin?  Liverpool,  Harrington,  and  Yarmouth.  —  Yarmouth's  Representatives  down 
to  1784,  when  Shclburne  County  was  established.  — The  Long  Parliament.  —  .Septennial 
Bill  passed  in  1792.  —  Yarmouth's  Representatives  down  to  1836,  when  Yarmouth  County 
was  set  off  from  Shelburne.  —  Quadrennial  Bill  passed  in  1838.  —  Duration  of  Parliaments 
and  Representatives  from  Yarmouth  County  from  18^,6  to  1886. —  Executive  Councillors 
from  Yarmouth.  —  Legislative  Councillors.  —  Sheriffs  and  Deputies.  —  Custodes  and 
Justices  of  the  Peace  1761-1S86. — Clerks  of  the  Peace  and  Treasurers. —  Municipal 
Council  1S56-1858.  —  Municipal  Council  Yarmouth  and  Argyle  1880  to  1886.  —  Probate 
Judges. —  Registrars  of  Deeds.  —  Postmasters.  —  Crown  Land  Surveyors.  —  Collectors 
of  Customs  and  Tide- Waiters. —  Lloyd's  and  Consular  Agents,  etc. 

THE  first  Nova-Scotia  Parliament  was  elected  in  1758,  consisting  of 
twenty-two  members,  —  sixteen  from  the  Province  at  large,  four 
from  Halifax,  and  two  from  Lunenburg.  It  held  two  sessions,  and  was 
dissolved.  The  second  Parliament  was  elected  in  November,  1759; 
but  the  basis  of  representation  was  changed.  Halifax,  Lunenburg, 
Annapolis,  Kings,  and  Cumberland  Counties  returned  eacn  two  mem- 
bers ;  Halifax  Township  returned  four ;  and  the  townships  of  Lunenburg, 
.\nnapolis,  Horton,  and  Cumberland,  two  members  each,  making  ..  total 
of  twenty-two.  Malachy  Salter  was  in  this  Parliament,  returnee,  .'or 
Hahfax.  He  was  a  justice  of  the  peace  and  collector  of  e^'ise.  This 
Parliament  also  held  two  sessions,  and  was  dissolved  by  the  death,  in 
October,  1760,  of  George  II. 

1761,  July  — Third  Parliament  met.  Malachy  Salter  was  re-elected 
from  Halifax  ;  and  Liverpool  sent  two  members,  —  Benjamin  Gerrish  and 
Nathan  Tupper ;  the  representation  of  the  other  districts  remaining  as 
before. 

1762,  July. — Council  recommended  that  Liverpool  Banington,  and 
Yarmouth  be  constituted  the  County  of  Queens,  and  be  entitlec  to  elect 
two  members  to  Parliament. 


304  F/KST  XOl'A-SCOr/A   PARLIAMENTS. 

17^5'  January. — The  third  Parliament,  having  held  five  sessions, 
was  dissolved.  The  representation  had  again  been  changed  ;  and  it  had 
been  "  lurther  enacted  that  all  townships,  on  proof  that  they  consist  of 
fifty  families  each,  shall  have  a  writ  for  the  return  of  one  member  to 
represent  them  in  the  (leneral  Assembly."  But  royal  instructions  were 
soon  received  directing  the  governor  not  to  act  on  this  clause  without 
His  Majesty's  consent.  The  qualification  for  a  candidate  or  an  elector 
at  that  time  was  that  he  should  be  twenty-one  years  of  age,  not  a  Papist, 
and  be  a  freeholder  of  the  district  ^vhere  an  election  was  to  be  held. 

1765,  May. — The  fourth  Parliament  met,  consisting  of  twenty-seven 
members.  Halifax  County  sent  four  members ;  and  Kings,  Queens, 
Lunenburg,  Cumberland,  and  Annapolis  two  each  ;  Halifix  Township 
sent  two  members ;  and  Truro,  Onslow,  Cornwallis,  Horton,  Falmouth, 
Newport,  Liverpool,  Lunenburg,  Annapolis,  Granville,  and  Cumberland 
Townships  each  sent  one  member.  William  Smith  and  Simeon  Perkins 
were  returned  for  Queens  County.     Malachy  Salter  was  not  elected. 

1766,  June.  —  Second  session,  fourth  Parliament.  This  Act  was 
passed  :  "  Whereas  for  want  of  roads  and  the  distance  between  Liverpool, 
Harrington,  Yarmouth,  etc.,  it  is  hereby  enacted  that  Courts  of  the  Genl. 
Sessions  of  the  Peace  shall  and  may  be  held  within  the  Township  of 
Yarmouth  on  the  first  Tuesday  in  April,  and  in  the  Township  of  Harring- 
ton on  the  first  Tuesday  of  November  in  every  year ;  and  any  three  or 
more  of  the  Justices  of  the  Peace  of  Queens  County  shall  and  may 
hold  the  same  Courts  which  shall  have  all  the  powers  already  granted 
unto  Courts  of  G.  S.  of  the  Peace." 

1766,  Oct.  24. —  Parliament  met.  Malachy  Salter  took  his  seat  for 
Yarmouth.  A  native  of  New  England,  and  extensively  engaged  in  the 
fisheries,  Mr.  Salter  had  often  visited  Nova-Scotia  harbors  before  the 
settlement  of  Halifax  in  1749.  He  was  the  great-grandfather  of 
Beamish  Murdoch,  author  of  the  "  History  of  Nova  Scotia." 

"  The  History  of  Medford,  Mass.,"  published  by  the  Rand  Avery 
Company  in  1886,  contains  z^fac-simile  of  the  handwriting  of  Malachy 
Salter  in  a  receipt  to  the  following  purport :  — 

Medford,  October  3d,  1777.  Reed,  of  Mrs.  Abigail  Brooks  Nine  pounds 
Twelve  Shillings  lawful  money  in  Gold  Coin  which  I  promise  to  deliver  to  Mr. 
Edward  Brooks  at  Halifax  in  Nova  Scotia  (Danger  of  the  seas  excepted).  Witness 
my  hand  : 

Malachy  ?^  alter. 
£^  12.  o. 


MhMBERS  OF  PARLIAMENT.  305 

1767,  July  I.  —  House  met.  Francis  White  returned  for  iiarring- 
tcn.  This  Act  was  passed :  "  Whereas  sundry  evil-minded  persons 
have  presumed  not  only  to  take  possession  of  ungranted  lands  in  this 
Province,  but  also,  without  leave  from  Government,  to  encourage  igno- 
rant persons  to  settle  on  said  lands  without  obtaining  any  grant  thereof, 
which  practices  are  highly  offensive  to  the  honor  and  dignity  of  the 
Crown :  He  it  therefore  enacted  that  anj  nerscn  that  shall  presume  to 
occupy  such  lands  in  any  manner  whatever  "vifhout  leave  in  writing  first 
obtained  from  the  Governor,  Lieut.-Governor,  or  Commander-in-Chief, 
shall  upon  conviction  be  adjudged  to  forfeit  and  pay  ^50." 

1770.  —  The  fourth  Parliament,  having  held  eight  sessions,  was  dis- 
solved early  in  this  year.  Maiachy  Salter  attended  the  session  of  1 768, 
but  not  afterward  in  this  House. 

1770,  June  2. —  First  session,  fifth  Parliament.  Neither  Barring- 
ton  nor  Yarmouth  was  represented.  William  Smith  and  Simeon 
Perkins  were  re-elected  for  Queens  County, 

1771,  June  6.  —  Parliament  met.  Richard  Gibbons  took  his  seat 
for  Harrington.  The  Township  of  Argyle  was  established,  and  this  Act 
was  passed  :  '*  Whereas  it  is  necessary  that  provision  should  be  made  for 
defraying  the  expenses  of  the  Representatives  in  the  General  Assembly ; 
Be  it  enacted,  therefore,  that  to  such  Representatives  as  shall  apply  for 
the  same,  shall  be  paid  five  shillings  per  day  for  each  day  during  their 
attendance,  and  for  the  time  necessarily  expended  in  journeying  to  and 
from  thence.  The  Counties  sha'l  pay  from  their  own  treasuries  the 
County  Members,  and  the  towns  the  Township  Members."  The  sessions 
at  this  period  averaged  about  thirty  days. 

1772,  June  9.  —  House  met.  Maiachy  Salter,  having  been  again 
elected,  attended  this  session  for  the  last  time  as  member  for  Yarmouth. 

1774,  Oct.  6. — John  Fillis  returned  for  Barrington.  The  seat  of 
John  Crawley,  member  for  Yarmouth,  declared  vacant.  It  does  not 
appear  that  Mr.  Crawley  attended  either  session.  •», ..  .^^.*  *^  r ...    v '; 

1775,  June  10.  —  House  met.  James  Monk,  solicitor-general,  took 
his  seat  for  Yarmouth.  An  address  to  the  King  from  the  Houst;  .,1 
Assembly,  passed  June  24,  1775,  suggests,  "That  the  fittest  tax  to  be 
raised  in  the  Colony  would  be  a  duty  of  so  much  per  cent  upon  all 
commodities  imported  into  the  Province,  not  being  the  produce  of  the 


306  MEMBERS  OF  PARLIAMENT. 

British  Dominions  in  Europe  and  America,  and  that  the  rate  be  fixed 
every  ten  years  :  That  the  Customs  Officers  be  paid  a  sufficient  salary  and 
forbidden  absolutely  from  taking  any  fee  in  any  case  whatever :  That  no 
native  of  the  Province  be  appointed  as  Governor  or  Lieut.-Governor : 
That  the  Members  of  the  Legislative  Council  be  appointed  for  life  :  That 
the  election  of  Representatives  be  triennial  and  by  ballot ;  that  the  day 
be  fixed  by  law,  and  that  all  Officers  of  the  Government  be  prohibited 
from  interfering  in  elections  under  severe  and  heavy  penalties  :  That  the 
Judges  be  appointed  from  England  and  hold  office  during  good  behav- 
ior :  That  a  Recorder  of  Deeds  be  appointed  for  every  Counry  and  not 
a  Deputy  to  a  Principal  residing  elsewhere  :  That  the  most  respectable 
members  of  the  community  be  appointed  to  the  Commission  of  the 
Peace." 

These,  when  viewed  in  connection  with  what  was  then  happening  in 
the  Colony  of  Massachusetts  Bay,  appear  reasonable  and  sensible  pro- 
ceedings.    The  address  goes  on  :  — 

"  Most  benign  King,  Your  Majesty  was  graciously  pleased  to  grant 
tracts  of  land  in  this  Province  upon  various  conditions  of  settlement  and 
the  payment  of  quit  rents ;  many  of  the  conditions  of  settlement  were 
impracticable,  and  others  so  expensive  that  the  Grantees  were  not  fully 
able  to  effect  them.  We  humbly  pray  to  be  exonerated  from  these 
severe  conditions,  and  that  you  will  graciously  limit  the  power  of  the 
Court  of  Escheat  to  defaults  in  the  payment  of  quit  rents  only.  This 
House  is  sorry  to  observe  that  most  cruel  use  has  been  made  of  the 
power  of  escheating  land,  even  to  depriving  two  old  Officers  of  the  gra- 
tuity given  them  by  Your  Majesty  for  nearly  foicy  years  of  Military  ser- 
vice, and  mat  to  gratify  two  domestics  of  th?,c  Governor  who  ordered  the 
escheatment."    * 

1776,  June.  —  Ninth  session,  fifth  Parliament.  James  Monk's  seat 
for  Yarmouth  was  declared  vacant.  He  had  removed  to  Quebec,  and 
afterward  became  chief  justice  of  Lower  Canada,  and  was  knighted. 
Sir  James  Monk  died  in  England  In  1826,  aged  eighty-two.  His  father, 
James  Monk,  related  to  the  Duke  of  Albemarle,  was  one  of  the  first 
settlers  of  Halifax,  and,  in  1752,  was  judge  of  the  Court  of  Common 
Pleas.  Yarmouth  did  not  fill  the  vacant  seat  until  1 780,  when  Richard 
Cunningham  was  elected. 


MEMBERS  OF  PARLIAMENT.  307 

1783,  Oct.  6.  —  House  met:  sixteenth  session,  fifth  Parliament. 
Richard  Cunningham  was  elected  clerk  of  the  House  at  a  salary  of  a 
hundred  pounds,  vice  Isaac  Deschamps  elevated  to  the  council.  The 
seat  for  Yarmouth  was  thereby  declared  vacant. 

1784,  Nov.  I.  —  House  met :  seventeenth  and  last  session.  This 
was  called  the  "  Long  Parliament,"  it  having  existed  for  fourteen  years. 
Yarmouth  Township  was  not  represented  at  this  session.  Shelbume 
County  was  set  off  from  Queens,  with  the  right  to  elect  two  members 
for  the  county,  and  one  each  for  Shelbume,  Barrington,  and  Yarmouth 
Townships. 

1785,  November.  —  General  election.  Alexander  Leckie  and 
Charles  MacNiel  were  returned  for  the  county,  Isaac  Wilkins  for  the 
Township  of  Shelbume,  and  Samuel  Sheldon  Poole  for  Yarmouth 
Township. 

1792.  —  The  Septennial  Bill  was  passed,  limiting  the  term  of  Par- 
liament to  seven  years,  to  correspond  with  that  of  the  British  Parliament. 

1793.  —  General  election.  S.  S.  Poole  returned  for  Yarmouth 
Township,  Stephen  Skinner  and  James  Humphreys  for  Shelbume  County, 
and  Colin  Campbell  for  the  township. 

1799.  —  General  election.  George  Gracie  and  James  Cox  returned 
for  Shelbume  County,  Colin  Campbell  for  Shelbume  Township,  and 
Nathan  Utley  for  Yarmouth  Township. 

1804.  —  S.  S.  Poole  elected  vice  Nathan  Utley,  deceased. 

1806.  —  General  election.  Jacob  Van  Buskirk  and  James  Lent,  sen., 
returned  for  Shelbume  County,  Colin  Campbell  for  Shelbume  Township, 
and  S.  S.  Poole  for  Yarmouth  Township. 

181 1.  —  General  election.  The  old  members  were  returned  for  the 
county  and  township  of  Shelbume,  and  Samuel  Marshall  for  Yarmouth 
Township. 

1814.  — S.  S.  Poole  elected  vice  Samuel  Marshall,  deceased. 

1818.  —  General  election.  John  Bingay  and  Abram  Lent  returned 
for  Shelbume  County,  and  S.  S.  Poole  for  Y'arraouth  Township. 

1819.  —  On  Feb.  16,  Mr.  Shaw,  member  for  Granville,  introduced 
a  bill  "  to  suppress  the  multiplicity  of  dogs."  ^y 

1820. — King  George  III.  died  in  January,  and  Parliament  was 
dissolved.    At  the  general  election,  John  Bingay  and  John  MacKinnon 


308  MEMBERS  OF  PARLIAMENT. 

were  returned  for  Shelburne  County,  Jared  J.  Chipman  for  the  township, 
and  S.  S.  Poole  for  Yarmouth  Township. 

1825,  March  5. — Thomas  Crowell  took  his  seat  for  Shelburne 
Township  vice  Jared  J.  Chipman,  appointed  first  judge  of  the  Court  of 
Common  Pleas  for  the  eastern  division  of  the  Province. 

1826. —  General  election.  John  MacKinnon  and  James  B.  Moody 
were  returned  for  Shelburne  County,  Nathaniel  \V.  White  for  the  town- 
ship, John  Homer  for  Barrington,  and  S.  S.  Poole  for  Yarmouth. 

1828.  —  John  Formax  elected  vice  James  B.  Moody,  deceased. 

1830,  Feb.  17.  —  Mr.  Forman  presented  a  petition  to  the  Legisla- 
ture for  a  grant  to  aid  in  erecting  a  breakwater  at  Kelley's  Cove  ;  also 
a  petition  from  the  trustees  of  Yarmouth  Academy  for  a  grant  to  that 
institution. 

1830. — George  IV.  died  in  June,  and  Parliament  was  dissolved. 
At  the  general  election  in  November,  John  Forman  and  Herbert 
HuNTiNGTOx  were  returned  for  Shelburne  County,  S.  S.  Poole  for 
Yarmouth  Township.  * 

1832.  —  Abram  Lent  was  elected  vice  John  Forman,  deceased. 

1835.  —  Reuben  Clements  elected  vice  Samuel  S.  Poole,  de- 
ceased. 

1836.  —  Yarmouth  County  was  set  off  from  Shelburne  with  the  right 
to  return  one  county  and  two  township  members.  At  the  general 
election  in  November,  Herbert  Huntington  was  returned  for  the 
county,  and  Reuben  Clements  for  the  Township  of  Yarmouth ;  Simon 
D'Entremont  for  the  Township  of  Argyle. 

1838. — The  Quadrennial  Bill  was  passed. 

1840.  —  General  election.  The  old  members  were  returned  for  the 
County  and  Township  of  Yarmouth,  and  John  Ryder  for  Argyle. 

1843.  —  Generrd  election.     The  former  members  were  returned. 

1847.  —  General  election.  Herbert  Huntington  was  returned  for 
the  county,  and  Thomas  Killam  for  Yarmouth  Township  ;  John  Ryder 
for  Argyle.       v  •.  '  *-;.'---^/ ..•  ^  .-jr.  ,,*-,,.,...  .t.  ..,v;^i>  .-t,v=../ ;   .  -'ji. 

1851.  —  General  election.  Mr.  Huntington,  through  failing  health, 
retired  from  public  life.  Thomas  Killam  succeeded  as  county  member ; 
Jesse  Shaw  was  returned  for  the  Township  of  Yaniiouth,  and  John 
Ryder  for  Argyle.  .     . 


ME.\TBER5  OF  PARLIAMENT.  309 

1855.  —  General  election.  Thomas  Killam  returned  for  the  county  ; 
Nathan  Moses  for  the  Township  of  Yarmouth,  and  John  Ryder  for 
Argyle. 

1859.  —  General  election.  Thomas  Killam  returned  for  the  county; 
W.  H.  TowNSEND  for  the  Township  of  Yarmouth,  and  John  V.  N. 
Hatfield  for  Argyle. 

1863.  — General  election.  Thomas  Killam  returned  for  the  county  ; 
George  S.  Brown  for  the  Township  of  Yarmouth,  and  Isaac  S.  Hatfield 
for  Argyle. 

1866.  —  W.  H.  Townsend  elected  vice  George  S.  Brown,  resigned. 

1867,  July  I. — The  British  North-America  Act  established  the 
Dominion  of  Canada  in  opposition  to  the  e> pressed  wishes  of  a  very 
large  majority  of  the  electors  of  Nova  Scotia.  The  term  of  the 
Canadian  Parliament  was  fixed  at  five  years ;  that  of  the  Nova-Scotia 
House  of  Assembly  remained  as  before.  Township  representation  was 
abolished ;  and  Yarmouth  County  was  entitled  to  return  one  member  to 
the  House  of  Commons,  and  two  to  the  Provincial  Assembly. 

The  general  election  for  both  Parliaments  was  held  in  September, 
1867.  Thomas  Killam  was  returned  to  the  House  of  Commons,  W.  H. 
Townsend  and  John  K.  Ryerson  to  the  Local  House.  Every  member 
of  the  old  Parliament  who  had  voted  for  confederation,  and  offered  for 
re-election  to  either  House,  was  rejected,  with  two  exceptions,  —  Charles 
Tupper,  who  was  returned  for  Cumberland  by  an  insignificant  majority, 
and  Hiram  Blanchard  for  Inverness. 

1869.  —  Frank  Killam  elected  vice  Thomas  Killam,  deceased. 

1871. — Nova  Scotia  general  election.  W.  H.  Townsend  and 
Albert  Gavton  returned. 

1872.  — John  K.  Ryerson  elected  vice  W.  H.  Townsend,  resigned. 

1872.  —  Dominion  general  election.     Frank  Killam  returned. 

1874. — The  revelations  of  the  "Pacific  Railway  Scandal"  led  to 
the  defeat  of  the  Tory  Government  and  a  new  election  in  February. 
Frank  Killam  was  re-elected. 

1874,  December.  —  Nova  Scotia  general  election.  Albert  Gayton 
and  John  Lovitt  returned.        ;;    -       *  r     -.;;  ,  ,     >'    ,, 

1878.  —  General  election  for  both  Parliaments.  Frank  Killam  re- 
turned to  the  House  of  Commons ;  Albert  Gayton  and  Joseph  R. 
Kinney  to  the  House  of  Assembly. 


3IO  MEMBERS  OF  PAliLIAMENT. 

1882,  June.  —  General  election  for  both  Parliaments.  Joseph 
R.  Kinney  returned  for  the  House  of  Commons ;  Albert  Gayton  and 
Thomas  E.  Corning  for  the  House  of  Assembly. 

1886,  June  15.  —  Nova  Scotia  general  election  upon  the  declared 
issue  of  a  Repeal  of  the  Uniofi.  Notwithstanding  a  three-cornered 
contest  in  Yarmouth  County,  the  candidates  for  repeal  were  elected  by 
large  majorities.  Out  of  ?,445  votes,  the  largest  number  ever  cast  in 
a  county  election,  William  Law  received  1,745,  and  Albert  Gayton 
1,643  ;  the  opposing  candidate  779. 

The  result  for  the  Province  may  be  stated  as  follows:  Of  the  18 
counties,  16  return  two  members;  Halifax  and  Pictou  three  members 
each,  making  a  total  of  38.  Twelve  counties,  including  Halifax,  returned 
the  25  Liberal  candidates.  In  five  other  counties  the  Liberals  carried 
one  of  the  seats,  the  Liberal  candidate  leading  the  poll,  except  in 
Pictou,  where  the  leading  Tory  was  followed  by  a  Liberal,  with  a  Tory 
coming  in  at  the  rear.  In  Victoria,  one  of  these  five  counties.  Dr. 
Bethune,  classed  as  "Independent  Liberal,"  led  the  poll,  followed  by 
a  plain  Liberal.  The  Tories  elected  their  two  candidates  in  the  single 
county  of  Cape  Breton,  where  the  protective  duty  on  coal  held  sway. 
Out  of  the  38  members,  therefore,  29  were  elected  as  Liberal,  or  repeal 
candidates,  8  as  Tories,  and  i.  Dr.  Bethune,  as  an  "Independent 
Liberal." 

LEGISLATIVE    COUNCILLORS. 

1838,  James  Bond.  1842,  Stayley  Brown.  1877,  Loran  Ellis 
Baker. 

EXECUTIVE    COUNCILLORS. 

Herbert  Huntington  was  a  member  of  the  executive  council,  hold- 
ing the  office  of  financial  secretary,  from  1848  until  a  few  months  before 
his  death  in  1851;  Stayley  Brown  of  the  executive  council,  and 
receiver-general,  from  1857  to  i860;  and  again,  with  the  office  of  pro- 
vincial treasurer,  from  1875  until  his  death  in  1877;  Albert  Gayton 
was  of  the  executive  council,  and  commissioner  of  publ  c  works  and 
mines,  from  December,  1877,  to  October,  1878,  and  from  July,  1882, 
to  July,  1884.  Mr.  Gayton  was  chairman  of  the  Board  of  Public 
Charities  from  July  to  October,  1878,  and  from  July,  1882,  to  July, 
1884.  On  Mr.  Gayton's  acceptance  of  public  office  in  1877  and  1882, 
he  was  returned  for  Yarmouth  County  by  acclamation.         , 


SHERIFFS  AND   CUSTODES. 


;ir 


SHERIFFS. 

i7f>3. 

Thomas  Crowell. 

1850. 

Joseph  Shaw. 

i8i3. 

George  Hunter. 

1866. 

William  B.  Townsend, 

1823. 

John  Binary. 

1871. 

William  K.  Dudman. 

184S. 

Robe::  S.  Eakins, 

sen.                     1884. 

Thomas  B.  Flint. 

1849. 

Joseph  B.  Bond. 

1887. 
DEPUTY   SHERIFFS 

George  H.  Guest. 

1767. 

Elishama  Eldridge.                           1807. 

Samuel  Tedford. 

1790. 

Eleazer  Hibbard. 

1810. 

David  Van  Norden. 

179:!. 

Joseph  N.  Bond. 

1811. 

George  Paw. 

1797- 

Thomas  Dane. 

1814. 

George  Hunter. 

1801. 

James  Hatfield. 

1818. 

George  Bingay. 

1S04. 

Jacob  Hatfield. 

CUSTODES. 

John  Crawley. 

1873- 

Nathan  Moses. 

Samuel  S.  Poole. 

1876. 

Nathan  Hilton. 

Judge  Ritchie. 

1841. 

H.  G.  1  Irish. 

FOR   ARGYLE. 

1856. 

E.  W,  B.  Moody. 

1856. 

Abram  Lent. 

1863. 

W.  H.  Moody. 

1872. 

Israel  Harding. 

JUSTICES    OF    THE    PEACE. 

There  have  been  no  less  than  221  justices  of  the  peace  commissioned 
for  Yarmouth  and  Argyle  since  the  first  settlement  of  the  county. 
During  the  first  twenty  years  there  were  10  apppointed,  —  William 
Pring,  Richard  Lodge,  Ebenezer  Moulton,  Stephen  Moulton,  John 
Crawley,  Ranald  MacKinnon,  Ephraim  Cook,  Phineas  Durkee,^John 
MacKinnon  (Chebogue),  and  John  Frost.  During  the  next  twenty 
years  just  10  more  were  appointed,  —  Samuel  S.  Poole,  Benjamin 
Barnard,  Joshua  Frost,  Samuel  Marshall,  Job  Hatfield,  Robert  Huston, 
James  Kelley,  Benoni  D'Entremont,  Nathaniel  Richards,  and  Nathan 
Utley. 

A  further  analysis  shows  that  from  1801  to  1838  inclusive,  21  were 
appointed;  from  1838  to  and  including  1858,  the  new  appointments 
increased  to  29;  from  1859  to  1878  inclusive,  they  reached  the  formid- 
able number  of  127;  while,  since  1878,  there  have  been  but  24  new 
magistrates  appointed.  ^  -  :    _.v•-...-:~^.=^-- 

The  following  is  the  complete  roll,  alphabetically  arranged  for  con- 


f- 


313 


JUSriLES  OF   lUE   I'EACh. 


venient  reference.  It  will  he  observed  that  the  I)'IOntretnont»  hold  the 
post  of  honor.  Ilcrnri  \,.  D'Kntrernont  enjoys  the  singtilar  distinction 
of  having  l»een  commissioned  in  his  twenty-second  year :  — 


iRl'-f,  Abbott,  RcuJ)cn.  *  1S59. 

i«Hr,.  Allen,  Adclhcrt,  i86y. 

1S74.  Atniraiilt,  ja((|uc».  •''5'> 

1K74.  Ariiirault,  I/oii  V.  1H59. 

1870.  AndcrHon,  John  C.  iH^y. 
1X85.  Annin,  llenjamin.  iSf/j. 
1872.  Ar.hil.alfl,  v..  K,  iH^/.. 
1S59.  l!al)in,  Cyritlc.  1871. 

1872.  I'.al.in,  IJrbain.  1875. 
1881.  I{;ibin,  J,.r-|ii(M  A.  1878. 
1835.  liakcr,  AuioH.  1878. 
1786.  liarnard,  Mcnjamin.  1870. 
1885.  I'.cnt,  JamCH  C.  1792. 
i8r9.  r.ingay,  I'.cnjamin.  1838, 
1821.  Ilingay,  John.  1848, 

1871.  l!la(;kaflar,  John  C,  1850 
1877.  lilaiivcit,  J.  Stern*.  1856. 
1804.  Ilond,  JoHcph  N.  1858. 
iS^r.  l!'/iid,  JanicH.  1859. 
1846.  Ito'irrjiic,  Jean,  2d.  i87t. 

1861.  IJrand,  John  Ingram.  1872 
1842.  I'.rown,  Siaylcy.  '^73- 
1859,  Mr'iwn,  Robert.  1884. 
186 r.  I'>rf)wn,  f  Jcor^.e  S.  1873. 
18O9  I'.rown,  rharlct  E,  1870. 
1S71.  lirown,  William  V.  1879. 

1858.  iiurrill,  William,  sen.  1767. 
1876,  Ilurrill,  William,  jun.  1858. 
1883.  liiirrill,  Joseph.  1859. 

1873.  Cahan,  Charles,  jun.  1869. 

1859.  Cann,  Marvcy.  1846. 
1873.  Cann,  Richard  C.  1869. 
1864.  Carland,  John.  i8ro. 
1848.  Chipman,  Thomas  I).  1810. 
1859.  Churchill,  Nathaniel,  sen.  i860, 
1873.  Churchill,  Nathaniel,  jun.  1869. 
1835.  Clements,  Reuben.  >83i. 

1862.  Clements,  Nehcmiah  K.  1767. 
1862.  Cleveland.  Benjamin.  '790. 
1767.  Cook,  ICphraim.  1859. 
1842.  Cook,  f^alcb.  1869. 
1879.  Cook,  Francis  G.  1859, 
1879.  Cook,  William  H.  1876. 
1859,  Corning,  Nelson,  .sen.  1866. 
1762,  Crawley,  John,  lit.  1874, 


Crawley,  John,  2tl. 
(  rawley,  John,  3d. 
f!ro»by,  Nathan. 
Oonby,  I'.cnjamin  P. 
'  rosby,  <icorge. 
<  'rrjsby,  .Samuel. 
C'rosby,  Richard  T. 
Crosby,  Thomas  H. 
('r«»sby,  iJavid. 
(!rosby,  Jamcn. 
Crosby,  Harris  II. 
Dennis,  Freeman. 
I»'F'jitrrtfiont,  Hcrioni. 
I)'Kntrrmonl,  Simon. 
D'Kntrcmont,  I..ouis. 
D'Kntremonf,  Joseph  Cyrille. 
iJ'Kntrcmont,  I'icrrc  S. 
I)'Knlremont,  Guillaiimc. 
I)'Knlrcmont,  I.oiiis  H. 
n'riiitrcniont,  (jcrvais. 
Ii'l'.nlremont,  I.oiiis  A. 
n'I'.nlrcmonf,  Charles. 
I)'l''.iitrnni(ml,  Henri  L. 
Doty,  George  R. 
iJoucetle,  Jac(|Me8. 
Douccttc,  Cesar. 
Dnrkec,  I'hineas. 
Dnrkce,  Afna.sa. 
Diirkce,  Joseph. 
Durkec,  James. 
Kakins,  Uolwirt  .S. 
Ellis,  Joseph  Aldcn. 
Farish,  Henry  G. 
Fletcher,  Richard. 
Flint,  Samuel. 
Flint,  Jacob  A. 
Forbes,  Anthony  V.  S,     , 
Frost,  John. 
Frost,  Joshua, 
Garrlner,  Enos, 
Gardner,  .Simeon. 
(5avel,  John. 
Gavel,  William  H. 
Gayton,  Albert. 
Goodwin,  John. 


yirsTiCEs  OF  the  rhiAChi. 


V^ 


1SH3,  ffoiulcy,  /,eJ>ina. 

1854.  (;ncMt,  ki>l)crt. 

i.S6.».  If.ilfy.  William. 

1S6/.  M.ifriiltun,  S.imiicl. 

1H72.  Hamilton,  jamc<t  11. 

1H7.}.  I t.imill'iii,  l.trmiicl. 

1.S4  j.  llarditiK,  Israel. 

I7';j  llalfipld,  Jot). 

iHi;5  JratfirM,  Ixaac  S. 

iKf,i.  M:it(ifl(l,  Ja('il.,_3fl, 

iH^iT,,  n.itfirl.l,  John  A. 

W*).  Halfirld.  William  J. 

1S72.  Hatfield,  J.  AdoIphUH. 

iH;^.  Halfjclfl,  l'''>rrn,in. 

IH7O,  Hatfield,  John  V.  N. 

1877.  Hatfield,  Samuel  J. 

1843.  Hilton,  Nathan,  vn. 

1854.  Hiltim,  Nathan,  jun. 

1865.  Hiltim,  Frederick. 

18O5.  Hiliim,  l'hili|., 

1874.  Hilton,  Anion, 
185.;.  HoKn,  N.  W.  W. 
1794.  Miinton.koKcrt. 
1842.  Jnffrry,  Malllicw,  icn. 

1869,  Jcffery,  Matthew,  jnn. 
l85<;.  Jcnkint,  William  H. 
187-}.  Jenkins,  flcor^je  H. 
17941  Kcllcy,  JamcN. 

l8ir>.  Kelley,  J.icol). 

1838.  Killam,  'rhoma<i,  ncn. 

1871.  Killam,  l-rank. 
1873.  Killam,  Tliomaf*,  jun. 

1875.  Kinney,  Joseph  K. 

1870.  I,add.  Ilyron  V. 
1820  I,atiderH,  Anthony. 
l8^x;.  LaiKJcrs,  Jacoh. 
1848,  I.arkin,  Walter, 

1872.  Larkin,  Stillmati. 

1873.  ''»w,  William. 
J89J.  IvC  Hianc,  Jean  li. 
1885,  \jc  lilan(,  I,oui»  i'. 
1803.  I.,cnt,  James. 
18(9.  I<cnt,  Aliram. 
1854  I.cnt,  James  M, 
1880.  Lent,  Abram  Smith, 
1884.  I,cnt,  Adolphus  S. 
1870.  I^cwis,  Nathan. 
1870.  Lewis,  Thomas  M. 
1875.  l/cwis,  Nathan  )). 
1761.  Lodge,  Ktchard. 
1848.  Lonergan,  Kdmiind  M. 


1865.  I,<)nrrgan,  KolMit  K. 
1859.  Lfivitt,  J'lhi  W. 

1861.  I,'»vilt,  Andrew. 

1873,  L'.vitI,  William  I). 
1878.  Lovitt,  Janir<»  J. 
1883.  Lovitt,  John. 
1861.  Ma<  Iver,  John. 

1766.  MacKinnon,  Ranald. 

1767.  M.K  Kinnon,  John  (f  ."hcliof.Mic). 
J819.  MacKinnon,  John,  (Argylc). 

1866.  MacLarcn,  James  H. 

1874.  MacLaiiKhlin,  I).  J. 
1794.  Marshall,  Samuel. 
1844.  Moody,  Klinha  W.  I!. 

1858.  Moody,  William  H.,  ten. 
18^)9,  Moofly,  John  W. 

1873.  Moofly,  Willi.im  H  ,  jnn. 
(859.  Mo»c>4,  I'.enj.imiii  IJ. 
1863.  Moscx,  Nathan. 

1761.  Moulton,  Kl>cne/,cr. 

t76i.  Moulton,  Stephen  H. 

1870.  Miirjihy,  Jeremiah, 

1874,  Murphy,  John, 
1842.  Murray,  John. 

1 806.  Patten,  Stephen,  sen. 

1873.  Terry,  Kdward  S. 
1785.  I'oolc,  .Samuel  S. 

1874.  I'ortcr,  Ira. 

1875.  Porter,  Ainsley. 
187^,  Porter,  W.  Staylcy. 
1872.  Potliier,  Hilaire. 
1872.  Potliier,  An.'ielmc  (). 
1878.  Polhier,  David  L. 
1761.  PririK,  Willi.im. 
|8V>.  Kandall,  David. 

1859.  kayniond,  Josiah. 
1859.  Kaynard,  John. 
1794.  Hichard.t,  Nathaniel. 
1882.  Kicker,  Jackson. 

1876.  Ring,  Kzekiel  K. 
1859.  Robbins,  Ansel,  ncn. 

1871.  Kobbins,  Ansel,  jun, 
1S71.  Rr.bbins,  Chandler. 
1849,  Rogers,  Mcnjamin,  2d. 
1858.  Rogers,  William. 
1881.  Rogers,  Harnard  E. 

1872.  Rose,  Robert  K. 
i87f;.  Rowley,  J.  W.  I r. 
18 55.  Ryder,  John. 

1867.  Ryersim,  John  K. 

1870.  Ryerson,  Samuel  M.        ■^'- 


314 


CLERKS  AND   TREASURERS. 


1838. 

Saunders,  John. 

1883. 

1879. 

Scott,  James  F. 

1883. 

1886. 

Scovil,  Dennis. 

1864. 

1854. 

Shaw,  Jesse. 

1879. 

1859. 

Sims,  Jeremiah. 

1867. 

1873- 

Sims,  Milford. 

1854. 

1859. 

Slocomb,  Obed  W. 

1873- 

1877. 

Smith,  George  R. 

1796. 

1872. 

Spinney,  Caleb. 

1820. 

1864. 

Steele,  Charles. 

1824. 

1870. 

Sterritt,  James  A. 

1849. 

1885. 

Stoneman,  Augustus  F. 

1861. 

1856. 

Surette,  Michel. 

1879. 

1859. 

Surette,  Pierre,  sth. 

1838. 

1872. 

Surette,  Denis. 

Surette,  Placide. 
Surette,  Zai-haric. 
Tedford,  Charles. 
Thurston,  Abram. 
Tooker,  John. 
To-.vnsend.  William  H. 
Travis,  Nathaniel. 
Utiey,  Nathan. 
Van  Norden,  Gabriel  B. 
Van  Norden,  David. 
Weston,  Leonard. 
Williams,  George  E. 
Williams,  Edward  S. 
Willett,  Thomas. 


CLERKS  OF  THE   PEACE. 

YARMOUTH. 


1789.  Elishama  Eldridge. 

1790.  Andrew  Butler. 
181 7.  John  Murray. 
1821.  Thomas  Dane,  sen. 


1828.  John  Forman. 
1831.  John  Tooker. 
1S74.    Thomas  B.  Crosby. 


176S.     Daniel  Crocker. 
1791.     Benjamin  Barnard. 

Miner  Huntington. 

Reuben  Clements. 


TREASURERS. 
YARMOUTH. 


Amasa  Durkee,  3d. 
William  Churchill. 
Thomas  E.  Corning. 


Phineas  Durkee. 
Daniel  Crocker. 
Lewis  Blanchard. 


TOWN  CLERKS. 
YARMOUTH. 


Miner  Huntington. 
Herbert  Huntington. 
Zaccheus  Churchill. 


1856. 

1S57. 


1791. 
1856. 


CLERKS  OF  THE   PEACE. 
ARGYLE. 


James  M.  Lent. 
William  S.  Robbins. 


Benoni  D'Entremont. 
Jacob  Hatfield,  4th. 


i860. 

James  M.  Lent. 

1872. 

Enos  Gardner. 

TREASURERS. 

ARGYLE.  .          - 

'■■-■■■■;    >:  '■;=:-■: .  '.":-.•:-::; 

:.—       IS6O. 

William  Hatfield. 

1881. 

Peter  Lent  Hatfield, 

MUNICIPAL   COUNCILS. 


3"5 


MUNICIPAL   INCORPORATION. 

During  the  legislative  session  of  1855,  an  Act  was  passed  for  the 
municipal  incorporation  of  counties,  empowering  any  county  or  muni- 
cipal district  to  adopt  the  system  by  a  majority  vote  of  the  electors.  The 
Act  was  brought  into  operation  in  Yarmouth  Township  in  1856,  and 
after  a  three-years'  trial  the  system  was  abandoned  by  a  majority  vote  of 
the  electors.  Yarmouth  Township  was  the  only  district  in  the  Province 
that  ventured  upon  the  experiment  of  municipal  incorporation  under  the 
Act  of  1855.  That  event  occasioned  a  complete  severance  of  the  muni- 
cipal affairs  of  Yarmouth  and  Argyle,  which  accounts  for  the  appointment, 
in  1856,  of  a  custos,  a  tieasurer,  and  a  clerk  of  the  peace,  for  the  Town- 
ship of  Argyle. 

The  warden  was  elected  by  a  general  vote  of  the  township ;  the 
councillors  by  electoral  districts.  The  clerk  was  appointed  by  the 
council. 


1856. 

Samuel  Brown,  Warden. 
John  W.  Moody. 
William  Robertson. 
Ansel  Robbins,  sen. 
Elijah  Cleveland. 
Jesse  Shaw. 
Joseph  Crosby. 
Nathan  Hilton. 
Joseph  Durkee. 


MUNICIPAL    COUNCIL. 

1857. 

\V.  H.  Townsend,  Warden. 
John  W.  Moody. 
John  K.  Ryerson. 
Elijah  Cleveland. 
Leonard  Weston. 
George  Killam. 
Jesse  Shaw. 
Josiah  Raymond. 
Joseph  Durkee. 


1858. 

William  Burrill,  Warden. 
George  Killam. 
William  Rogers. 
John  K.  Ryerson. 
Elijah  Cleveland. 
Leonard  Weston. 
Jesse  Shaw. 
Josiah  Raymond. 
Joseph  Durkee. 


Municipal  Clerk  (1856-1858),  John  Tooker. 


In  1879  an  Act  of  the  Legislature  brought  into  operation  a  ^general 
system  of  county  incorporation,  under  which  Yarmouth  Township  was 
entitled  to  elect  annually  seven  councillors,  and  Argyle  six,  the  councillors 
to  choose  a  warden  from  among  themselves.  In  1880  an  amendment  to 
the  Act  extended  the  term  of  the  council  to  two  years,  and  increased  the 
number  of  councillors  for  Yarmouth  to  thirteen,  that  for  Argyle  remaining 
as  before. 


3i6 


REGISTRARS  A\D   /'OSTMASTERS. 


MUNICIPAL   COUNCIL    OF    YARMOUTH. 


1880. 
W.  U.  Moody,  IVarJen. 
James  J.  Lovitt. 
Al)ram  M.  Hatfield. 
Robert  K.  Rose. 
James  E.  Allen. 
Edwin  .S.  Crosby. 
John  A.  Hatfield. 


1881-1882. 

James  J.  Lovitt,  IVa  den 
Freeman  Dennis. 
George  G.  Sanderson. 
N.  B.  Lewis. 
A.  M.  Hatfield. 
Ansel  Robbins. 
James  Burrill. 
William  Corning. 


Robert  K.  Rose. 
James  E.  Allen. 
Alfred  I'erry. 
Edwin  .S.  Crosby. 
Joiin  A.  Hatfield. 

1883-1884. 


Edwin  Crosby. 
John  A.  Hatfield. 

1885-1886. 

James  liurrili,  Warden, 
George  \V.  Johnson. 
A.  W.  Eakins. 


G.  G.  Sanderson,  Warden.  Joseph  R.  Wyman. 


Arthur  W.  Eakins. 

Joseph  R.  Wyman. 

N.  B.  Lewis. 

A.  M.  Hatfield. 

Francis  G.  Cook. 

James  Burrill. 

William  Corning. 

Robert  K.  Rose. 

James  E.  Allen. 

Alfred  Pci     . 
Clerk  (1880-1886),  Thomas  B.  Crosby. 
Treasurer  (1880-1886),  Thomas  E.  Corning. 


N.  B.  Lewis. 
A.  M.  Hatfield. 
F.  G.  Cook. 
William  Corning. 
R.  K.  Rose. 
James  E.  Allen. 
Alfred  Perry. 
Edwin  Crosby. 
John  A.  Hatfield. 


MUNICIPAL   COUNCIL    OF    ARGYLE. 


1880. 
O.  W.  Slocomb,  Warden. 
J.  Adolphus  Hatfield. 
Mande  Le  Blanc. 
Gervais  D'Entremont. 
Anselme  O.  Pothier. 
Lemuel  Hamilton. 

1881-1882. 


Jean  B.  Pothier. 
Mathurin  D'Entremont. 
Jeremre  H.  Pothier. 
Lemuel  Hamilton. 

1883-1884. 

O.  W.  Slocomb,  Warden. 
J.  AdolpI    s  Hatfield. 
Lezon  V.  Pothier. 
Mathurin  D'Entremont. 


O.  W.  Slocomb,  Warden 
J.  Adolphus  Hatfield. 

Clerk  (1880-1S86),  Enos  Gardner. 

Treasurer  (1S80-1886),  Peter  Lent  Hatfield. 


Jeremie  H.  Pothier. 
Lemuel  Hamilton. 

1885-1886. 

O.  W.  Slocomb,  Warden. 
J.  Adolphus  Hatfield. 
Lezon  V.  Pothier. 
Mathurin  D'Entremont. 
Jeremie  H.  Pothier. 
Lemuel  Hamilton. 


Samuel  S.  Poole. 
Benjamin  Barnard,  sen. 


JUDGES   OF  PROBATE. 

John  Forman. 
W.  H.  Keating. 


Thomas  V.  B.  Bingay. 
James  Murray. 


'      Ephraim  Cook. 
*774'  John  Crawley. 


REGISTRARS   OF   DEEDS. 

1784.  Benj.  Barnard,  sen. 
1827.  H.  G.  Farish. 


1856.  John  Murray. 
1878.  Adelaide  Murray. 


"  \  ■-:■   ';  POSTMASTERS. 

1806.  H.  G.  Farish.  1857.  Abel  C.  Robbins.        1863.  Alexander  Lawson. 

1856.  Richard  Huntington,  i860.  Richard  Huntington.  1864.  Alexander  J.  Hood. 


CONSULS  AND   COLLECTORS. 


317 


CROWN-LAND  SURVEYORS. 


Miner  HuntinRton. 
Joshua  Frost. 
Hcrl)ert  Huntington. 


James  H.  Moody. 


Jean  Houniue. 
Zaccheus  Churchill. 


LLOYD'S  AGENTS. 
1829.  E.  VV.  B.  Moody. 


John  Killam. 
Peter  Lent  Hatfield. 


1863.  John  W.  Moody. 


SPANISH  CONSULS. 
1S69.  George  S.  Hrown.        1878.  John  W.  Moody. 


1866.  John  W.  Moody.' 


SWEDISH   CONSUL. 


W.  H.  Keating. 
H.  A.  (Jrantham. 
L.  S.  Halkam. 


UNITED-STATES  CONSULS. 


James  M.  Merrill. 
James  M.  Davis. 


Jos.  R.  Kinney. 
W.  H.  Robertson. 


Charles  Tooker. 
Charles  NV.  Clements 


SURVEYOR   AMERICAN    SHIPMASTERS'   ASSOCIATION. 

James  Nelson  Gardner. 

HARBOR   MASTERS. 

YARMOUTH. 

George  E.  Cann.  Ebenezer  Scott. 


COLLECTORS  OF  CUSTOMS. 


1763.  John  Crawley. 

1766.  Ranald  MacKinnon. 

1806.  Joseph  N.  Hond. 

182S.  A.  V.  S.  Forbes. 

183S.  William  Robertson, 

1S43.  Arthur  White. 

1845.  Robert  S.  Eakins. 

1S46.  Thomas  E.  Moberly. 

1875.  Henry  A.  Hood. 

1883.  William  H.  Moody. 


FOR   ARGYLE   PORTS. 


iSo(5. 
1845. 


1854. 
1864. 


John  MacKinnon. 
H.  H.  Faulin. 
Abram  Lent. 
James  ^L  Lent. 

Adolphus  S.  Lent. 
Simon  D'Entremont. 
Pierre    S.    D'Entre- 
mont. 


TUSKET   WEDGE. 

David  L.  Pothier. 

BEAVER    RIVER. 

Reuben  Perry. 


■  John  W.  Moody  holds  also  these  appointments  since  respective  dates:  — 
1863.     Agent  Liverpool  Underwriters'  Association. 
1868.     Correspondent  New- York  Board  of  Underwriters. 

1868.     Correspondent  Boston  Board  of  Underwiiters.  ___^-.  ■  ~''" " 

1886.     Correspondent  National  Board  of  Underwriters,  New  York.  '  ' 

His  jurisdiction  as  Lloyd's  agent  covers  the  western  coast  of  Nova  Scotia  from  Cape  Sable  and  the 

Seal  Islands  to  the  head  of  the  Bay  of  Fundy,  including  the  Basin  of  Mines;  as  correspondent  for  the 

American  Boards,  the  coast  from  Annapolis  to^Liverpool,  both  inclusive. 


3'8 


CUSiOMS  OFFICERS. 


Edgar'Grantham. 
Frank  Forbes. 
John  H.  Lane. 
A.  J.  Babington. 
James  S   Morris. 
Lyman  Durkee. 
Charles  Huntington. 


TtOE-WAITBRS,   ETC. 

Norman  .S.  Porter. 
Robert  J.  liingay. 
William  MacGill. 
Thomas  S.  Bown. 
W.  W.  Campbell. 
Marsden  Coaldwell. 
Ansel  Robbins. 


TUSKET  WKDGE. 

Joseph  Le  Blanc. 
Louis  Le  Blanc. 


PUBNICO. 


John  B.  J.  D'Entremont. 


COLLECTORS  OF   INLAI^D   REVENUE. 
Thomas  V.  B.  Bingay.  IL  D.  Munro. 


CHAPTER   XVIII. 

Township  Records  1763-1789, —Sessional  Proceedings  1789-1840.  —  Churches  of  the 
County.  —  Clergymen  1 761-1886.  —  Masonic  Institutions.  —  Officers  Hiram  Lodge  1848- 
1886.  — Scotia  Lodge  1863-1886.  — Royal  Arch  Chapter  1865-1S85.  — British  and  Foreign 
Bible  Society.  —  Ladies'  Branch. —  Book  Society  1S22.  —  Yarmouth  Academy.  —  i>ehool 
Teachers  1800-1S64.  —  Newspapers  1831-1S83.  —  Yarmouth  Seminary. --Common 
Schools.  —  Agricultural  Societies.  —  Mountain  Cemetery.  —  Abbotsford  and  other  Funds 

—  Inland  Navigation  Company.  —  Marine  Insurance  Companies  1809-1886.  —  Share- 
holders, Directors,  and  Profit  and  Loss  Account. — Yarmouth  Banks. —California  and 
Australia  Expeditions.  —  Commercial  Wharf  Company,  and  Moody,  Brown,  &  Co. — 
Steam  Communication.  —  Herald,  Saxe-Gotha,  and  North  America.  —  Eastern  State.  — 
Dominion.  —  Emperor.  —  Alpha.  —  Gaslight,  Steam-tug,  and  Marine  Railway  Companies. 

—  Western  Couaties  Railway  Company. — Water  Company.  —  Building  Society. — 
Mutual  Relief  oociety.  —  Woollen  Mill  Company.  —  Telephone  Companies.  —  Duck  and 
Yarn  Company.  —  Co-operative  Deposit  and  Loan  Society,  —  Conclusion. 

''r^HE  purpose  of  the  last  chapter  of  this  "  Sequel  "  is  to  exhibit,  so 
*~  far  as  may  be  within  the  space  still  at  our  disposctl,  the  progress  of 
Yarmouth  from  1761  down  to  the  present  year;  the  various  religious, 
philanthropic,  educational,  commercial,  co-operative,  or  other  organiza- 
tions through  which  the  affairs  of  the  community  have  been  conducted, 
with  the  names  of  the  leading  men  or  directors  of  the  different  associa- 
tions. 

Pursuant  to  the  proclamation  of  January,  1759,  for  the  establishment 
of  townships  consisting  of  about  one  hundred  thousand  acres,  it  was 
resolved  in  September  of  that  year  that  the  territory  on  both  sides  of 
Cape  Fourchu  should  be  constituted  the  Township  of  Yarmouth,  and  it 
was  ordered  that  the  local  government  should  be  like  that  of  the  neigh- 
boring colonies.  The  inhabitants  were  to  gather  in  town-meetings, 
choose  their  own  officials,  and  give  instructions  as  to  the  duties  required 
of  them ;  the  government  reserving  the  right  to  appoint  the  chief  local 
officers,  sheriffs,  magistrates,  etc.,  as  well  as  to  exercise  a  supervision  of 
the  public  land: ,  to  insure  an  equitable  division  among  those  deemed  to 
be  entitled  to  them. 


320  TOWNSHIP  RECORDS. 

1762.  —  The  first  local  public  record  relating  to  Yarmouth,  is  dated 
Sept.  9,  1762,  and  recites  that  William  Pring,  Ebenezer  Moulton,  and 
John  Crawley,  Esquires,  were  appointed,  by  the  governor-in-council,  a 
committee  for  the  settlement  of  Yarmouth  Township  in  Queens  County. 
The  committee  prescribed  these  regulations  :  — 

1.  Families,  seven  in  number,  shall  have  a  lot  of  100  acres,  80  rods 
wide  on  the  river,  with  50  acres  adjoining  in  the  rear. 

2.  Families,  six  in  number,  shall  have  100  acres,  80  rods  on  the 
river. 

3.  Single  men  shall  have  50  acres,  50  rods  wide  on  the  river. 

4.  Tinkham's  Island.  Having  decided  to  reserve  the  points  and 
islands  generally,  "  to  accommodate  navigation  and  the  fishery,"  10 
acres  of  this  island  at  each  end  were  reserved,  and  the  remainder  allotted 
to  Edward  Tinkham. 

5.  Howard's  Island.  Ten  acres  being  reserved  on  the  river,  the 
remainder,  with  the  lot  where  his  house  stood,  was  assigned  to  one 
Howard. 

6.  Nickerson's  Island.  Ten  acres  being  reserved,  the  rest  of  the 
island  was  assigned  to  Nathan  Nickerson  if  he  chose  to  take  it  as  a  part 
of  his  share  of  the  township  lands. 

7.  Pring's  Island  was  given  to  William  Pring  and  John  Crawley  for 
assistance  rendered  to  some  families  in  a  time  of  distress. 

8  Other  islands  not  to  be  occupied  without  consent  of  the  com- 
mittee. 

9,  Fifty  acres  to  be  reserved  at  Cape  Fourchu  for  a  town  site. 

10.  Bunker's  Island,  Fish  Point,  and  Chebogue  Town  Point,  to  be 
laid  out  in  acre  lots.  Each  man  to  have  an  acre  where  his  house  stood, 
or  where  he  had  made  improvements. 

1763.  —  John  Crawley  and  Samuel  Otis,  a  committee,  laid  out  to 
Robert  Haskell  the  island  in  Yarmouth  Harbor  now  called  Doctor's 
Island. 

1764.  —  Jonathan  Woodbury,  Phineas  Durk*^  ,  and  Patrick  Gowen, 
with  James  Philpot  as  surveyor,  laid  off  to  William  Haskell  i\  acre  of  land 
on  Bunker's  Island,  "  the  point  of  land  which  he  now  possesses,"  adjoin- 
ing Benjamin  Brown's  lot,  and  which,  in  1767,  they  sold  to  Paul  Bunker 
for  $25  and  $20,  respectively. 


TOWNSHIP  RECORDS.  321 

1765.  —  In  the  course  of  this  year,  committees,  variously  composed 
of  from  three  to  twelve  of  the  persons  named,  Phineas  Durkee,  Eleazer 
Butler,  Daniel  Crocker,  James  Robbins,  Josiah  Beals,  Seth  Barnes, 
Ephraim  Cook,  John  Crawley,  Elishama  Eldridge,  Moses  Scott,  John 
MacKinnon,  James  Mattenly,  John  Walker,  Andrew  Lovitt,  Samuel  Dove, 
Ebenezer  Moulton,  Joseph  Stewart,  Jonathan  Utley,  Jonathan  Baker, 
Roger  Merrithew,  Nathaniel  Ehvell,  Eleazer  Hibbard,  and  David  Pearl, 
with  Patrick  Gowen  as  surveyor,  laid  off  lands  in  the  following  order :  — 

1 .  To  Jonathan  and  Ebenezer  Corning  the  lands  on  the  western  side 
of  Yarmouth  Harbor  known  as  "  Coming's  Head  "  and  "  Elder  Head," 
containing  together  about  58  acres. 

2.  To  James  Mattenly  52  acres  on  the  eastern  side  of  Yarmouth 
Harbor,  which,  in  i  767,  he  sold  to  Nehemiah  Porter  for  ;^35. 

3.  To  Richard  Rose  100  acres,  on  the  north-west  side  of  the  "Salt 
Pond." 

4.  To  John  Sollows,  100  acres  on  the  western  side  of  the  harbor,  80 
rods  wide  on  the  marsh  and  salt  pond,  and  extending  westerly  200  rods. 

5.  To  John  Perry  and  Dominicus  Sewell,  about  three  acres  each  on 
Gilfillan's  Island.     In  1767  Perry  sold  his  lot  to  James  Gilfillan  for  $16. 

1766,  January.  —  To  Eleazer  Hibbard  50  acres  on  the  south-east 
cove  of  the  harbor,  40  rods  wide. 

1766,  February. — To  Andrew  Lovitt  a  house-lot  on  the  western 
side  of  the  harbor,  which,  in  1 768,  he  sold  to  William  Coffran  for-  $8. 

1766,  December.  — To  George  Bridgeo,  100  acres  on  the  western 
side  of  Chebogue  River,  with  a  reservation  for  a  road  through  it  of  four 
rods  in  width. 

1767.  —  To  Samuel  Ellenwood  a  house-lot,  one  acre,  on  the  western 
side  of  the  harbor. 

To  Ebenezer  Clark,  50  acres,  adjoining  Ellenwood's,  a  part  of  which 
he  sold  the  same  year  to  Joseph  Saunders  for  $40. 

To  Jeremiah  Allen,  150  acres  at  "Sunday  Point  Cove,"  so  called. 

To  Nathaniel  Elwell  the  "Thrum  Cap,"  so  called. 

To  Eleazer  Hibbard,  one  acre  on  Bunker's  Island,  which  he  sold  to 
Paul  Bunker  for  $20,  to  whom  also  in  the  same  year  Joseph  Stewart  for 
%}p,  and  Judah  Agard  for  $18,  sold  their  lots  on  that  island. 

It  will  be  observed  that  the  names  of  many  men  who  arrived  during 


I 


322  TOWiXSHIP  RECORDS. 

1 761  and  1762  do  not  appear  in  these  allotments,  because  they  had 
already  selected  their  homesteads  without  the  interference  of  any  com- 
mittee. But  in  1767  the  township  was  granted  en  bloc  to  the  persons 
whose  names  are  given,  and  in  the  proportions  set  forth  in  Chapter  XII. 
1767,  Dec.  31.  —  A  "Proprietor's  Meeting"  was  held  this  day. 
Phineas  Durkee,  who  had  hitherto  performed  the  duties  of  town  clerk, 
retired,  and  the  meeting  proceeded,  — 

1.  To  choose  Daniel  Crocker  to  succeed  him. 

2.  Voted  $24  to  John  MacKinnon  and  Benjamin  Ellenwood  "for 
their  services  to  Halifax  in  obtaining  the  grant  of  the  township." 

3.  Appointed  Jaremiah  Allen,  Eleazer  Butler,  and  George  Ring, 
assessors. 

6.  Appointed  James  Robbins  and  John  Sollows,  collectors. 

8.  Named  a  committee  to  report  the  lands  already  laid  out. 

9.  Voted  that  the  proprietors  of  one  share,  or  half  a  share,  should 
have  100  acres  laid  off  to  them  in  the  first  division,  and  the  title  con- 
firmed to  those  to  whom  lands  had  been  already  assigned. 

10.  Ordered  a  general  survey  and  division  of  the  Salt  Marsh 
lands. 

11.  Appointed  Capt.  Nathan  Nickerson,  Eleazer  Butler,  and  John 
Sollows,  as  surveyors  for  that  purpose. 

12-14.  Named  nine  assistants  to  the  surveyors. 

15.  Appointed  Esquire  Cook  to  survey  the  marsh  adjoining  his 
land. 

16-19.  Appointed  Capt.  Jeremiah  Allen,  James  Brown,  Esquire 
Crawley,  James  Robbins,  and  Joseph  Saunders,  a  committee  to  examine 
the  boundaries  of  the  first  division,  to  lay  out  "  four  lots  for  the  use  of 
the  town,"  and  to  report  at  the  end  of  six  months,  granting  to  the  resi- 
dent proprietors  that  time  to  select  their  100  acres  per  share  in  the  first 
division. 

22.  Named  March  i  for  the  surveyors  of  the  marsh  to  make  their 
report.  • 

23.  Accepted  the  return  of  a  road  laid  out  to  Cape  Fourchu. 

24.  Voted  seven  dollars  to  pay  charges  laying  out  said  road. 

25.  \pj.ointed  P.  Gowen,  S.  Barnes,  and  Jonathan  Crosby,  to  la\ 
out  a  road  on  the  north  side  of  Chebogue  River.  _ 


TOWNSHIP   RECORDS.  323 

26.  Appointed  Nathan  Nlckerson,  George  Ring,  and  James  Robbins, 
to  lay  out  a  road  on  east  side  of  Chebogue  River. 

27.  Appointed  Patrick  Gowen,  Robert  Haskell,  and  Peleg  Holmes,  a 
committee  to  layout  cross-roads  from  Chebogue  River  to  Cape  Fourchu. 

28.  Voted  ^^146  i5jr.  to  be  raised  "for  defraying  the  charges  of 
the  proprietary." 

29.  Appointed  Daniel  Crocker  treasurer. 

30.  Voted  $120  to  Capt.  Haskell  "for  his  services  to  Halifax  for  the 
charter,  though  it  could  not  then  be  obtained." 

31.  Voted  five  dollars  to  Esquire  Cook,  and  two  dollars  each  to 
Esquires  Crawley  and  Durkee,  for  books  and  services.  And  the  meet- 
ing dissolved. 

1768.  —  Ebenezer  Moulton,  jun.,  sold  to  Paul  Bunker  for  twenty 
dollars  an  acre  of  land  on  Bunker's  Island. 

1768.  —  Argyle  Street;  Wyman's  Road;  the  road  from  "Chipman's 
Corner "  to  Milton,  and  thence  southerly  to  and  through  Jeremiah 
Allen's  land  at  Kelley's  Cove  ;  a  road  on  Phineas  Durkee's  south  line  to 
the  creek,  and  thence  over  GilfiUan's  Island  to  the  beach  and  Bunker's 
Island;  the  road  from  "Vickery's  Comer,"  100  feet  wide,  southerly  "  to 
the  line  between  John  Crawley  and  Benjamin  Robbins,"  Chebogue 
Point;  and  a  road,  100  feet  wide,  "to  the  Chebogue  meeting-house, 
thence  south  60  degrees  east,  46  rods  to  the  river,  and  thence  to  Town 
Point,"  —  were  all  laid  out  in  this  year.  It  appears,  in  the  return  of 
the  "Cove  Road,"  that,  in  1768,  Benjamin  Darling  owned  a  house, 
formerly  Judah  Agard's,  not  far  from  "  Broad  Brook." 

1768,  March  31.  —  At  a  proprietors' meeting,  the  surveyors  reported 
the  Salt  Marsh  to  consist  of  3,184  acres.  It  was  thereupon  voted  to 
allot  15  acres  to  each  share;  and  John  Crawley,  Jonathan  Crosby,  and 
Cornelius  Rogers,  were  appointed  a  committee  to  set  off  each  man's  pro- 
portion, regard  being  had  to  the  quality  of  the  land,  "  their  judgment  to 
be  decisive." 

1768,  June  27.  —  At  a  town-meeting  held  at  the  meeting-house, 
John  Crawley,  moderator,  it  was  voted  "  that  Seventeen  pounds,  eleven 
shillings  and  ten  pence  be  hired  of  Capt.  Seth  Barnes,  in  order  to  settle 
with  John  MacKinnon,  Esquire,  for  the  Grant,  and  that  Jeremiah  Allen 
and  Daniel  Crocker  give  security  for  the  money." 


324  TOWNSHIP  RECORDS. 

June  27.  — John  MacKinnon,  by  warranted  and  defended  deed,  con- 
veyed to  John  Richardson,  for  the  sum  of  ^500,  one  right  or  share  of 
lands  in  Yarmouth  Township,  said  share  being  the  property  of  James 

MacKinnon. 

Acknowledged  before 

Phinea§  Durkee,  y.  P. 
Witnesses  :  Seth  Barnes,  Jeremiah  Allen. 

1769.  —  At  a  proprietors'  meeting,  the  vote  for  the  division  of  the 
Salt  Marsh  was  reconsidered,  and  it  was  voted  that  the  proprietors  of 
land  on  the  western  side  of  Chebogue  River  should  have  ten  acres  of 
marsh  adjoining  their  upland  ;  that  the  remainder  of  the  marsh  on  that 
side  of  the  river  should  be  divided  among  the  inhabitants  on  the  eastern 
side  of  Cape  Fourchu  River ;  and  that  the  inhabitants  at  Chebogue 
should  have  the  "  first  pick  "  of  the  marsh  on  the  east  side  of  the  river, 
to  make  up  their  full  complement.  Appointed  Esquire  Cook,  Joseph 
Saunders,  and  David  Hersey,  to  settle  this  division  of  the  Salt  Marsh. 

1769.  — Appointed  Benjamin  Ellenwood,  Jonathan  Corning,  Elishama 
Eldridge,  and  John  Sollows,  to  lay  out  a  road  from  the  "  Fish  Point"  to 
Chegoggin.  The  returns  for  this  road  were  accepted  in  1772  byPhineas 
Durkee,  Ephraim  Cook,  and  John  MacKinnon,  justices  of  the  peace. 

1771.  — Andrew  Lovitt,  Eleazer  Butler,  and  Richard  Rose,  laid  out 
"  Lovitt's  Road  "  from  "  Pitch  Hill  "  to  the  "  Salt-Pond  Falls." 

1771.  —  Ebenezer  Moulton,  sen.,  for  seventy-nine  "  Spanish  mill  dol- 
lars," conveyed  to  Hezekiah  Bunker  4I  acres  of  land  on  Bunker's  Island. 

1772.  —  A  road  was  laid  out  from  the  Chebogue  Road,  at  John 
Clement's  south-west  corner,  to  the  Cove  Road,  "  from  Jeremiah  Allen's 
to  Timothy  Robinson's,"  the  returub  for  which  were  accepted,  in  1 774,  by 
John  Crawley,  Ephraim  Cook,  and  Phineas  Durkee,  justices  of  the  peace. 

1773.  — Voted  ;^6o  to  pay  cost  of  surveys  and  division  of  the  marsh, 
and  appointed  John  Crawley,  Eleazer  Butler,  Cornelius  Rogers,  Joseph 
Robinson,  and  John  Walker,  a  committee  to  complete  the  division. 

1774.  —  An  office  for  the  registry  of  deeds  was  establfshed  in  Yar- 
mouth, and  John  Crawley  was  ap|iointed  registrar.  Excepting  the 
"  Proprietor's  Book,"  Liverpool  had  been  before  the  only  place  of 
registry  in  the  county. 


TOWNSHIP  RECORDS.  325 

1778.  —  Laid  out  three  roads  over  Bunker's  Island,  and  a  public 
landing  at  the  north-east  point,  containing  12  rods  of  land  ;  and  laid  out 
to  Hezekiah  Bunker  i^  acre  of  land  "  on  the  island  where  he  now 
lives,"  in  lieu  of  his  land  taken  for  highways. 

1781.  —  Joshua  Burgess,  "to  take  off  all  entanglements  that  might 
arise  to  embarrass  the  title  "  to  the  meeting-house  lot  at  Chebogue,  for 
the  sum  of  five  shillings  released  his  claim  to  50  acres  of  land  previously 
laid  out  to  him,  and  now  found  to  belong  to  the  meeting-house  lot 
granted  by  the  government  in  1780. 

1784.  —  Appointed  John  Crawley,  Esq.,  an  agent  to  represent  to  the 
government  the  proceedings  in  the  allotment  of  the  lands. 

1785.  —  At  a  proprietors'  meeting,  S.  S.  Poole  moderator,  it  was  voted 
to  draw  by  lot  the  lands  in  the  second  division.  Appointed  Deacon 
Hunt,  Major  Timpany,  Esquire  Smith  of  Barrington,  Maurice  Hobbs  of 
Argyle,  and  Miner  Huntington,  a  committee  to  assist  in  the  division  of 
the  lands.  Voted  "  that  the  first  division  should  be  finished,  and  those 
who  have  not  at  this  time  their  first-division  lands  laid  out  shall  pay  the 
charges  themselves."  Voted,  to  lay  out  200-acre  lots  in  the  second  divis- 
ion "in  the  best  bodies  of  land;"  "to  divide  the  other  good  lands  to 
the  northward  of  the  stream  on  which  Hersey's  saw-mill  stands  to  every 
share  as  it  will  hold  out ;  to  divide  the  lands  lying  on  the  eastern  side  of 
the  northern  branch  of  the  Tusket  River,  to  every  sharesman  a  share." 

1804. — Appointed  Miner  Huntington  treasurer,  and  voted  that  he 
have  the  custody  of  the  plan  and  grant  of  the  township. 

1805. —  Appointed  Samuel  Marshall,  Miner  Huntington,  John  Killam, 
S.  S.  Poole,  William  Robertson,  and  Richard  Rose,  a  committee  "to 
memorialize  the  Government  concerning  lands  in  dispute,"  and  ap- 
pointed Miner  Huntington  and  Moses  Scott  to  carry  the  memorial  to 
Halifax. 

1806. — The  Governor  advised  the  parties  to  consult  together,  and 
report  to  him  "  the  most  salutary  way  for  reconciling  all  differences,  and 
for  quieting  and  confirming  the  title  and  possession  to  the  lands." 

1806,  October.  —  "  A  joint  Committee  of  the  Proprietors  of  Yar- 
mouth and  the  New  Grantees  within  the  limits  of  said  Township,"  met 
and  proposed  a  petition  to  his  Excellency  the  Governor,  "  for  an  escheat 
of  all  that  tract  of  land  lying  on  the  east  side  of  Salmon  River,  begin- 


326  GENERAL   SESSIONS. 

ning  at  the  line  of  Wilmot's  or  Burnett's  Grant,  and  excending  northerly 
to  the  northern  line  of  Yarmouth  Grant  where  it  crosses  the  Salmon 
River ;  thence  running  North  East  to  the  eastern  branch  of  Tusket  River ; 
down  the  said  River  in  all  its  windings  to  the  junction  of  the  two 
branches ;  thence  up  the  North  \yest  branch  to  the  North  eastern  line 
before  mentioned ;  thence  down  on  the  Western  side  of  said  River  to 
Burnett's  line,  and  thence  to  the  place  of  beginning ; "  excepting  those 
lands  actually  occupied  or  improved. 

(Signed)  Saml.  S,  Poole,  Samuel  Marshall,  Miner  Huntington, 
Job  Smith,  James  Lent,  Saml.  Andrews,  Jacob 
Tooker,  Elkanah  Clements. 

Thomas  Dane,  Proprietor's  Clerk. 

1806,  Oct.  20.  —  At  a  proprietors'  meeting,  held  at  the  Cape 
Fourchu  meeting-house,  Moses  Scott,  moderator,  "  read  the  proposals 
and  agreement  of  the  Committee ;  moved  and  voted  that  the  Proprie- 
tors of  the  Township  of  Yarmouth  do  by  no  means  agree  to  the  pro- 
posals of  the  Committee." 

(Signed)  Thomas  Dane,  Proprietor' s  Clerk. 

1813.  —  Complaints  having  proceeded  from  certain  parties,  respect- 
ing the  division  of  the  marsh-lands,  Thomas  Dane,  proprietors'  clerk, 
called  a  meeting  "  to  take  place  at  Mrs.  Richan's  Tavern,  on  Oct.  9, 
to  redress  all  grievances,"  etc. ;  and  it  is  to  be  presumed  that  all  differ- 
ences relating  to  the  township  lands  were  then  and  there  reconciled,  as 
the  "  Proprietors'  Book  "  is  thenceforth  silent  upon  that  and  all  other 
subjects. 

GENERAL    SESSIONS    OF   THE    PEACE. 

1789. — The  County  of  Shelburne  was  set  off  from  Queens  in 
1 784 ;  and  about  that  time,  probably,  Yarmouth  and  Arg>le  Townships 
were  constituted  a  sessional  district.  So  far  as  appears  from  the  records, 
the  first  meeting  of  the  sessions  of  the  peace  was  held  at  the  Chebogue 
meeting-house  in  October,  1789.  The  time  had  evidently  arrived  for 
such  a  tribunal ;  for  the  grand  jury  had  to  deal  with  a  little  personal  dif- 
culty  between  Paul  Gowen  and  William  Curtis,  neighbors  at  Chebogue. 


GENERAL  SESSIONS  2,27 

The  grand  jurors  were  Philip  Goudey,  Samuel  Trask,  Huckings  Crosby, 
Comfort  Haley,  Hezekiah  Bunker,  James  Robbins,  Ephraim  VVyman, 
John  Trask,  Peter  Meuse,  Samuel  Baker,  William  Clements,  Amasa 
Durkee. 

The  grand  jurors  drawn  for  1790  were  George  Ring,  James  Hatfield, 
James  Kelley,  Moses  Scott,  Ezra  (Isidore)  Belliveau,  James  Cain, 
Lemuel  Hobbs,  Amos  Hilton,  Zephaniah  Kingsley,  Edward  Tinkham, 
Jacob  Tooker,  Thomas  Flint,  Abraham  Lent,  Nathan  Weston,  Alexander 
Bain,  Jabez  Robinson,  Lemuel  Bartlett. 

A  petition  was  presented  for  the  survey  of  a  road  from  the  head  of 
Chebogue  to  Tusket,  Eel  Brook,  Argyle,  and  Pubnico. 

(Signed)  Elishama  Eldridge,  Cierk  of  the  Peace. 

1790.  —  Petition  presented  for  a  road  from  the  south-west  corner  of 
Alexander  Bain's  land,  "  past  the  '  Fish  Pond '  and  '  Narrows,'  as  far 
as  it  shall  be  thought  best,  thence  north-easterly  until  it  runs  into  tl;e 
'  Shelburne  Road.' "  The  records  contain  no  copy  of  a  survey  of 
a  "  Shelburne  Road  "  at  this  date.  It  is  probable,  therefore,  that  an 
order  had  issued  from  Shelburne,  and  a  survey  been  made  from 
Shelburne  to  Tusket,»and  thence  through  Salmon  River  and  Brooklyn 
districts  to  a  point  near  the  "  Second  Pond,"  about  midway  between 
Milton  and  Hebron. 

1791.  —  Appointed  full  lists  of  town  officers  for  Yarmouth  and 
Argyle,  and  made  fishery  regulations  for  Yarmouth  Harbor,  Tusket  and 
Salmon  Rivers.  Lewis  Blanchard,  James  Cain,  and  Thomas  Dane, 
assessors  for  Yarmouth ;  James  Frost,  Abram  Lent,  and  Ezra  Belliveau, 
assessors  for  Argyle ;  Benjamin  Barnard  and  Benoni  D'Entremont, 
treasurers ;  Andrew  Butler,  clerk  of  the  peace.  He  held  this  office 
until  1817.  - 

It  is  evident,  that,  upon  the  organization  of  the  Court  of  Sessions,  the 
Acadians  of  Yarmouth  and  Argyle  at  least  were  admitted  to  the  full 
privileges  of  citizenship,  for  among  the  appointees  by  the  magistrates  to 
the  various  municipal  offices  from  1789  to  1792  appear  these  names: 
Jacques,  Ange,  and  Simon  Amirault ;  Jean  Bourque  ;  Isidore  Belliveau  ; 
Abraham  Corporon ;  Benoni,  Charles,  Cyrille,  Jacques,  and  Paul 
D'Entremont ;    Magloire    Doucette ;  Paul   Duon ;  Amand   and   Joseph 


328  GENERAL  SESSIONS. 

Le  Blanc;  Jean,  Louis,  and  Pierre  Meuse ;  Dominique  I'othier;  and 
Paul  and  Pierre  Surette. 

1792.  —  A  petition  was  presented  for  a  road  through  Plymouth  to  the 
end  of  Tusket-Wedge  Point,  and  another  from  the  "  Shelburne  Road  " 
through  land  of  Abie!  Robbins  to  -the  landing  at  head  of  "  Second  Pond." 
Voted  four  pounds  as  yearly  salary  of  the  clerk  of  the  peace.  Recom- 
mended that  a  road  be  laid  out  from  Chebogue  to  the  Tusket  River. 

1794.  —  April  term  :  held  at  the  schoolhouse,  Cape  Fourchu.  Jus- 
tices present :  John  Crawley,  Samuel  Sheldon  Poole,  Denjamin  Barnard, 
Benoni  D'Entremont,  Nathaniel  Richards,  Ephraim  Cook,  and  Ranald 
MacKinnon,  Esqs.  Granted  seven  licenses  to  sell  spirituous  liquors  at 
ten  dollars  a  year. 

1796.  —  Justices  present:  John  Crawley,  Samuel  Marshall,  James 
Kelley,  Ranald  MacKinnon,  Nathaniel  Richards,  Benoni  D'Entremont, 
and  Joshua  Frost. 

A  citizen  being  charged  with  "  assault  and  battery,"  the  presentment 
was,  "  It  is  the  opinion  of  the  Grand  Jury  it  is  an  assault  but  no  battery," 
James  Cain,  foreman.  At  the  instance  of  Lawyer  Prout,  the  clerk  was 
directed  to  prepare  a  new  indictment  for  assault  only.  The  accused 
plead  "  not  guilty  ;  "  but  the  petit  jury  by  their  foreman,  Samuel  Andrews, 
delivered  the  verdict,  "  The  opinion  of  this  Jury  i";  that  the  prisoner  is 
guilty,"  whereupon  he  was  fined  one  shilling. 

1798.  —  A  proposal  from  the  Yarmouth  justices  to  those  of  Argyle 
that  the  sessions  be  held  alternately  at  Tusket  and  Yarmouth  was  not 
favorably  entertained.  The/ continued  to  be  held  at  Tusket  in  spring 
and  fall. 

1800. — Justices  present:  Jaines  Kelley,  Ranald  MacKinnon,  and 
Joshua  Frost.  "  At  four  o'clock  the  Grand  Jury  came  into  Court 
and  presented,  that  as  the  Clerk  of  the  Peace  did  not  bring  th:  hook 
(called  the  Grand  Jury  Book)  to  Court,  he  having  forgot  it,  he  should  be 
fined  twenty  shillings,  which  fine  the  Court  were  pleased  not  to  admit." 

(Signed)  Andrew  Butler,  Clerk  of  the  Peace. 

1802.  — Ordered  by  the  court  that  a  jail  be  built  at  Tusket.  After 
agreeing  upon  specifications,  James  Kelley  and  Capt.  Tunis  Blauvelt 
were  appointed  commission :;rs  to  superintend  the  building 


GENERAL  SESSIONS.  329 

1803.  —  An  individual  "late  of  Halifax,  not  having  the  fear  of  God 
before  his  eyes,  but  moved  by  the  instigation  of  the  Devil,"  was  found 
guilty  of  larceny  of  "  Goods  and  Chattels  to  the  amount  of  nine  pence  ;  " 
and  it  was  ordered  by  the  court  "  that  he  immediately  receive  39 
lashes  which  was  performed  by  the  Constable  at  John  Richan's  flag- 
staff, and  it  was  further  ordered   that  tlie  said immediately 

(juit  the  Town  of  ^'armouth  which  lie  obeyed." 

1803,  July  12.  —  At  a  special  session,  held  at  John  Richan's  tavern 
at  Yarmouth,  a  surveyor  of  highways  was  summoned  to  appear,  and 
"  account  for  public  money  placed  in  his  hands  and  show  cause  why  he 
should  not  be  fined  for  not  making  return  according  to  law."  The 
surveyor  duly  appeared  before  Justices  John  Crawley,  Benjamin  Barnard, 
Samuel  Marshall,  and  James  Kelley,  "  and  produced  from  his  pocket 
a  paper  which  he  read  in  Sessions,  the  purport  of  which  was,  that  he 
had  consulted  two  gentlemen  learned  in  the  law  on  the  subject,  and 
that  they  had  advised  him  to  pay  no  attention  to  the  business ;  further, 
that  he  would  spend  his  last  guinea  and  the  last  drop  of  his  blood  in 
defence  of  the  cause ;  after  which  he  abruptly  left  tne  Court  and  said 
we  might  do  as  we  pleased."  The  name  of  the  delinquent,  Lewis 
Blanchard,  does  not  appear  ii:  future  lists  of  township  officers. 

1804,  —  "On  application  of  Joseph  N.  Bond,  Escjre.,  Commissioner 
for  the  Bridge  built  over  Tusket  River,  the  Magistrates  and  Grand  Jury 
do  declare  and  are  of  opinion  that  the  moneys  voted  and  granted  by  the 
Legislature  of  this  Province  have  been  justly  and  faithfully  expended 
and  that  the  said  Bridge  has  been  completed  in  the  most  faithful  and 
workmanlike  manner." 

John  Crawley,  Ranald  MacKinnon,  1 

Saml.  6.  Poole,  Joshua  Frost,  \  Justices  of  the  Peace. 

Nathanl.  Richards,  James  Kelley,      J 

Amasa  Durkee,  Foreman  of  Grand Juiy. 

1805,  October.  —  The  sessions  met  for  the  first  time  at  the  new 
Court  House,  Tusket. 

1806,  September.  —  Special  sessions  at  Richan's  Tavern,  Yar- 
mouth. Justices  present,  Benjamin  Barnard,  Joseph  N.  Bond,  and 
Samuel  Marshall.     A  man  charged  with  stealing  an  axe,  alleged  that  the 


330  GEXERAL  SESSIOXS. 

prosecutrix  "  owed  him  for  a  week's  labor,  and  that  he  would  not  return 
the  axe  till  he  was  paid."  The  jury  found  the  prisoner  "guilty  of 
stealing  an  axe  of  the  value  of  4/1 1."  Whereupon  the  court  having 
duly  considered  "  the  felonious  intent  of  the  prisoner  together  with  his 
former  suspicious  character,"  sentenced  him  to  thirty-nine  lashes.  And 
it  appearing  that  the  prosecutrix  was  indebted  to  the  prisoner  in  the 
sum  of  21/-,  from  which  deducting  10/-,  "the  value  of  the  axe  as  she 
says,"  it  was  ordered  that  the  balance  1 1/-  be  paid  to  the  constable  for 
his  services. 

Voted  that  the  salary  of  the  clerk  of  the  peace  be  J^^d  a  year. 

1808,  March  14.  —  Special  session  held  at  the  house  of  Gabriel 
Van  Norden  in  Yarmouth  (Chebogue).  Present,  Justices  Samuel  S. 
Poole,  Joshua  Frost,  Nathaniel  Richards,  and  James  Lent.  The  Gov- 
ernment having  directed  that  a  census  be  taken,  William  Robertson  and 
Samuel  S.  Poole  for  Yarmouth  Township,  Joshua  Frost  and  Nathaniel 
Richards  for  Argyle,  were  appointed  to  take  account  of  stock.  They 
were  directed  at  the  same  time  to  take  the  opinion  of  the  settlers  in  the 
different  parts  of  the  townships,  as  to  the  proper  places  where  the  stock 
could  be  conveyed  in  the  event  of  an  invasion.  The  commissioners 
reported  on  April  5,  and  it  was  ordered  that  the  places  of  security 
for  the  cattle  in  case  of  invasion  should  be,  for  Tusket,  the  Great 
Fresh  Meadow  on  eastern  branch  of  Tusket  River ;  for  Abuptic,  the 
eastern  branch  of  Tusket  River ;  for  Pubnico,  the  Great  Lake,  so 
called.  The  commissioners  were  granted  certificates  for  ten  days' 
services  each. 

It  is  not  a  little  curious  to  note  the  similarity  of  these  proceedings 
with  those  taken  a  few  years  before  in  England.  In  the  annals  of  the 
reign  of  George  III.,  it  is  recorded,  "The  alarm  respecting  an  invasion 
which  prevailed  towards  the  close  of  the  year  (1796)  was  denoted  by  a 
circular  letter  from  the  Secretary  of  State  to  the  Lieutenants  of  the  Coun- 
ties  on  the  English  sea-coast,  recommending  an  account  to  be  taken  of 
the  live  and  dead  stock  in  the  Parishes  within  i  z  miles  of  the  sea,  and 
desiring  juch  Lieutenants  to  communicate  with  the  Commander-in- 
Chiefs  of  the  Districts  respecting  the  measures  to  be  employed  for  the 
removal  of  the  stock,  if  necessary." 


GENERAL  SESSIONS.  33* 

i8io.  —  Assessors  appointed  for  Yarmouth,  H.  G.  Parish,  Thomas 
Dane,  and  Jacob  Kelley.  Licenses  were  granted  to  sixteen  persons  in 
V'armouth  and  twelve  in  Argyle,  to  keep  "  houses  of  entertainment "  and 
retail  spirituous  liquors.  A  mulatto  girl  being  charged  with  stealing  a 
piece  of  ribbon,  value  ninepence,  she  pleaded  *'  not  guilty,"  and  said 
she  would  "  be  tried  by  God  and  her  country."  The  verdict,  delivered 
by  Rufus  Hibbard,  foreman,  was,  "  It  is  the  opinion  of  the  Jury  that 
Harriet  is  guilty  of  the  charge  alleged  against  her ; "  whereupon  the 
court,  Samuel  S.  Poole,  Joseph  N.  Bond,  Benoni  D'Entremont,  and 
H.  G.  Parish,  Esquires,  sentenced  Harriet  "  to  receive  1 2  lashes  on  the 
bare  back  and  the  Sheriff  was  ordered  to  perform  the  same  as  soon  as 
possible." 

-811  — The  court  appointed  H.  G.  Parish,  Miner  Huntington,  and 
Jacob  Tedford,  school  trustees  for  Yarmouth.  An  Act  of  the  Legislature 
of  this  year  offered  ^25  per  annum  in  support  of  a  school  in  districts 
where  the  inhabitants  would  pay  ^^50. 

181 2.  —  A  prominent  citizen  of  Yarmouth  who  plead  guilty  to 
assaulting  Lawyer  Ikichanan,  was  fined  by  the  court  2/4.  Another 
equally  prominent  citizen  of  Argyle  plead  guilty  to  assaulting  the  same 
lawyer,  and  was  fined  1/3 ;  and  the  lawyer  having  brought  a  second 
charge  of  assault  against  the  same  person,  the  case  went  to  the  jury,  who 
upon  hearing  the  evidence,  and  "  after  a  short  deliberation,"  returned  a 
verdict  of  "  not  guilty." 

1814.  — The  court  ordered  that  "after  two  posts,"  no  newspapers  be 
delivered  from  the  post-office  on  Sundays. 

1817,  ApriL — At  Tusket.  Justices  present,  James  Lent,  Benoni 
D'Entremont,  Joseph  N.  Bond,  and  H.  G.  Parish.  The  grand  jury 
recommended  licenses  to  be  granted  to  twenty-nine  persons  in  Yar- 
mouth, and  twelve  in  Argyle.  The  court  granted  the  whole  number  and 
six  additional  for  Yarmouth. 

1817,  October.  —  At  Yarmouth.  Present,  Samuel  S.  Poole,  James 
Lent,  Joseph  N.  Bond,  H.  G.  Parish,  and  Benjamin  Barnard.  A 
man  charged  with  a  breach  of  the  peace,  "  presented  to  the  Court  a 
writing  containing  the  following  words.  '  My  wife  does  not  understand 
writing.     He  made  her  sign,  or  make  her  mark  or  cross,  to  make  discord 


332  GEXERAL   SESSIONS. 

like  a  Petty  fogger.  When  a  Magistrate  acts  from  sinister  views,  he  ought 
to  be  dispossessed  of  his  Commission.  He  does  not  act  from  the  tenor 
of  his  oath  to  be  the  means  of  making  discord  between  man  and  wife.' 
And  having  otherwise  behaved  in  a  contemptuous  manner  to  the  Court, 

it  was  ordered,  that  the  said  — be  committed  forthwith  to  the 

district  jail,  there  to  remain  five  days,  or  until  he  finds  surety  for  his 
good  behavior." 

1818.  —  The  grand  jury  recommended  that  Yarmouth  and  Argyle  be 
assessed  for  ^200  for  a  Court  House  in  Yarmouth  ;  and  it  was  ordered 
that  Miner  Huntington  and  James  B.  Dane  of  Yarmouth,  and  David  Van 
Norden  and  Abram  Marsh  Hatfield  of  Argyle,  make  an  estimate  of  the 
value  of  the  Court  House  and  jail  at  Tusket,  and  report  at  the  next 
sessions. 

1819,  March.  —  Sessions  at  Tusket.  Justices  present,  James  Lent, 
Benoni  D'Entremont,  and  Joseph  N.  Bond.  Ordered,  that  Joseph  N. 
Bond  and  Henry  G.  Parish  be  commissioners  for  purchasing  land  and 
erecting  a  Court  House  and  jail  at  Yarmouth  ;  and  "'  in  compliance  with 
the  wishes  of  a  most  respectable  Grand  Jury,"  Miner  Huntington  and 
John  Killam  were  appointed  to  consult  with  and  assist  the  commissioners. 
Joseph  N.  Bond  having  resigned,  Benjamin  Barnard  was  appointed  in 
his  stead.  It  v/as  recommended  that  the  new  Court  House  be  built  as 
near  as  possible  to  the  corner  of  Argyle  and  Main  Streets ;  the  particular 
situation  to  be  decided  at  a  special  sessions  to  be  called  for  that  purpose, 
and  to  be  composed  of  the  magistrates  of  the  district. 

1819,  June  26.  —  At  a  special  sessions  held  at  the  house  of  Benjamin 
Barnard,  Esquire,  —  present,  Samuel  S.  Poole,  James  Lent,  Benjamin 
Barnard,  Joseph  N.  Bond,  and  H.  G.  Farish,  —  it  was  voted  "that  the 
new  Court  House  be  built  somewhere  between  Mr.  Thomas  Russell's 
house  (Butler's  Hill)  and  Mr.  James  Bond's  corner,  opposite  Major 
Huston's,  on  said  road  either  on  the  south  or  north  side." 

Yarmouth,  July  10, 1819. 

Gentlemen  :  We,  the  Magistrates  of  the  District  of  Yarmouth  and 
Argyle,  are  of  opinion,  that  the  most  proper  site  for  placing  the  Court 
House  and  Jail,  now  about  to  be  erected  for  the  said  Pistric'.,  is  as  near 
the  western  end  of  Jebogue  Road,  opposite  Major  Huston'-;-,  as  may  be. 


GEXERAL  SESSIONS.  333 

We  therefore  order  and  direct  that  you  desist  from  proceeding  in  the 
building  of  said  Court  House  on  or  near  the  premises  of  Nehemiah 
Porter  where  the  timber  for  said  building  is  now  lodged. 

(Signed)  Saml.  S.  Poou:. 

Joseph  N.  Bond. 
James  Lent. 
Jacob  Kelley. 

To  Messrs.  Miner  Huntington  and  John  Killam, 

Assistants  to  the  Commissioners. 

1819,  October.  —  General  Sessions  held  at  the  house  of  Lydia 
Richan,  Yarmouth,  Present,  b.  muel  S.  Poole,  P>enjamin  Barnard, 
James  Lent,  Joseph  N.  Bond,  H.  G.  Parish,  and  Jacob  Kelley,  Esquires. 

Ordered,  that  Miner  Huntington  and  John  Killam  be  joint  commis- 
sioners with  Henry  G.  Parish,  Esq.,  to  complete  the  Court  House  and 
jail  now  erected  at  Yarmouth,  and  that  the  account  of  the  commission- 
ers now  on  file  be  approved.     Thos.  Dane,  Clerk,  pro  tern. 

1820.  —  The  fall  term  of  the  General  Sessions  was  held  in  the  new 
Court  House  at  Yarmouth,  "near  the  premises  of  Xehemiah  Porter;" 
and  thenceforward  the  court  met  alternately  at  Yarmouth  and  Tusket, 
until,  in  1855,  the  Township  of  Yarmouth  accepted  the  system  of  muni- 
cipal incorporation,  when  the  affairs  of  the  two  townships  became  dis- 
sociated. In  1859  Yarmouth  returned  to  the  old  government  by 
Sessions  of  the  Peace,  but  the  two  townships  continued  a  separate 
management  of  their  local  affairs  ;  the  resident  justices  of  one  township 
not  participating  in  the  business  of  the  other,  although  their  jurisdiction 
extended  ever  the  whole  county. 

1822. —  Regulations  for  thistles  in  .-^rgyle  Township.  Ordered, — 
"  That  for  every  thistle  that  shall  be  allowed  to  ripen  the  seed,  the 
Owner  of  the  land  whereon  such  thistle  shall  grow  shall  pay  a  fine  of 
six  pence  for  one  thistle ;  for  two  thistles  a  shilling ;  and  six  pence  for 
each  additional  thistle,  until  the  sum  amounts  to  twenty  shillings  and  no 
more  ;  including  the  middle  of  the  highway  or  road  fronting  said  land." 
1827.  —  The  Township  of  Yarmouth  was  divided  into  eighteen  school 
districts.  *  "■ "  ■      -.'•; 


334  CHURCHES  AND   CLERGYMEN. 

1828,  April  29.  —  "His  Excellency  the  Lieutenant-Governor  has 
been  pleased  to  appoint  the  following  gentlemen  to  be  School  Commis- 
sioners for  Yarmouth  and  Argyle :  Revd  T.  A.  Grantham,  S.  S.  Poole, 
H.  G.  Parish,  John  MacKinnon,  and  James  Lent,  Esquires. 

*  To  be  Commissioners  of.  the  Fisheries,  for  Argyle,  John  MacKin- 
non, Abram  Lent,  and  Aaron  Spinney  ;  for  Yarmouth,  H.  G.  Farish, 
John  Bingay,  and  Robt.  Kelley." 

1830.  —  "James  Bond  and  other  inhabitants  of  Yarmouth,  having 
proved  to  the  satisfaction  of  the  Court,  that  the  inhabitants  of  Yarmouth 
have  expended  the  sum  of  ^67.  10.  o  in  purchasing  a  site  for  a  building 
for  the  instruction  and  education  of  youth  in  the  said  Township,  and 
that  they  have  expended  the  sum  of  j[^2(i%.  15.  i  in  erecting  the  build- 
ing aforesaid,  It  is  therefore  ordered  b^-  the  Court  that  a  Certificate 
thereof  be  granted  to  enable  the  inhabitants  of  said  Township  to  receive 
the  Provincial  Grant  of  ;^i5o." 

1834.  —  An  Act  of  the  Legislature  in  this  year  established  sessions 
of  the  Supreme  Court  at  Yarmouth.  The  same  year  Yarmouth  was 
made  a  Warehousing  Port  by  an  order  of  the  Imperial  Council,  passed 
in  August,  1833. 

1840. — The  Town  of  Yarmouth  was  assessed  for  ^387  \os.  to 
pay  for  two  fire-engines  imported  from  Boston.  Cape  Fourchu  Light- 
house was  completed,  and  Yarmouth  made  a  Port  of  Registry.  Seal- 
Island's  Light  had  been  a  guide  only  since  1831. 

CHURCHES   AND    CLERGYMEN. 

The  decennial  census  of  1881  gives  Yarmouth  County  a  population 
of  21,284,  spread  over  an  area  of  about  300  square  miles,  at  least  one- 
third  of  the  county  being  still  unoccupied.  In  1879,  Yarmouth  had 
upon  her  books  of  registry,  297  vessels,  153,515  tons,  almost  entirely 
owned  within  the  county ;  and  the  world  is  challenged  to  a  comparison. 
Ahead  in  the  tons  of  shipping  per  capita,  she  professes  to  lead  also  in 
the  number  of  churches  and  buildings  for  religious  worship,  as  will  be 
shown  by  the  subjoined  list,  giving  a  total  of  77.  The  reader  must  be 
content  here  with  the  simple  enumeration,  and  may  be  referred  to 
Mr.  Campbell's  History  for  a  detailed  account  of  the  rise  and  progress 
of  tlie  various  denominations  :  — 


CHURCHES. 


335 


Chebogue. 


Yarmouth  (3). 
Chebogue. 
Arcadia. 
Overton  (hall). 
Chegoggin. 
Pembroke  (hall). 
Hebron. 
Hartford  (hall). 
Maitland. 
Beaver  River. 


Pubnico. 


CONGREGATIONAL   (2). 

Yarmouth. 

BAPTIST   (24). 

Lake  George. 

Ohio  (2). 

Deerfield. 

Carleton. 

Forest  Glen  (hall). 

Gavelton. 

Tusket. 

Salmon  River  (2). 

Argyle. 

Pubnico. 

UNION   BAPTIST  (3). 

Little  River  (2). 


Ste.  Anne's,  Eel  Brook. 

St.  Peter's,  Pubnico. 

Immaculate  Conception,  East  Pubnico 

St.  Michael's,  Tusket  Wedge. 


ROMAN   CATHOLIC  (8). 

St.  Gabriel's.  Little  River. 
St.  Ambrose,  Yarmouth. 
St.  Peter's,  Surette's  Island. 
Ste.  Agnes',  Quinan. 


Yarmouth. 


EPISCOPAL  (2). 


Tusket. 


METHODIST  (14). 


Yarmouth  (3). 
Arcadia. 
Brooklyn. 
Fish  Point. 
Pembroke  (hall). 
Hebron. 


Darling's  Lake. 

Brenton. 

Rockingham. 

Raynardton  (hall). 

Tusket. 

Plymouth. 


FREE   BAPTIST  (21). 


Argyle  (2). 

Pubnico. 

Arcadia. 

Sandford. 

Beaver  River. 

Kem])tville. 

Chegoggin. 

Plymouth. 

Salmon  River. 

Brooklyn. 


Tusket. 
Yarmouth. 
Chebogue  Point. 
Richmond. 
Deerfield. 
Garleton. 
Cedar  Lake. 
Rockingham  (hall). 
Short  Beach  (hall). 
Hawthorn  (hall). 


Yarmouth. 


PRESBYTERIAN  (3). 
Chebogue. 


Carleton. 


336 


CLERGYMEiX. 


In  the  following  lists  of  clergymen,  the  dates  affixed  denote  generally  the 
beginning  of  the  pastorate,  which,  in  most  cases,  continued  until  the  date 
next  succeeding,  except  in  early  times,  when  that  rule  does  not  apply  :  — 


CONGREGATIONAL. 


CHEBOGUE. 

1S72. 

I76I. 

Rev.  Samuel  Wood. 

iS73- 
1873- 
1873- 
1877. 

1884. 

1767-71. 

Rev.  Neheniiah  Porter. 

1769. 

Rev.  John  Frost. 

1772-92. 
1780. 

Rev.  Jonathan  Scott. 
Rev.  Aaron  Bancroft. 

1796. 

Rev.  Daniel  Breck. 

1808. 

Rev.  John  Hilyard. 

1816-33. 

Rev.  Abel  Cutler. 

• 

IS46-5I. 

Rev.  Frederick  J.  Tomkins. 

I85I. 

Rev.  W.  H.  Heudebourck. 

1S48. 

1853-60. 

Rev.  Jacob  Whitman. 

1S51. 

i860. 

Rev.  George  Ritchie. 

1854. 

1863. 

Rev.  John  Gray- 

1S60. 

1866. 

Rev.  Archibald  Burpee. 

1S63. 

1870. 

Rev.  James  Douglas. 

1870. 

1870. 

Rev. MacGill. 

1S71. 

1871. 

Rev.  Duncan  MacGregor. 

1 883. 

BAPTIST. 

YARMOUTH. 

I76I. 

Rev.  Ebenezer  Moullon. 

1S71. 

1797-1854.     Rev.  Harris  Harding. 

•873- 

1811-14. 

Rev.  Alexander  C     wford. 

1S76. 

iS3'-S3- 

Rev.  William  Burton. 

187S. 

1852-55- 

Rev.  John  Davis. 

18S0. 

1855-67. 

Rev.  Henry  Angel. 

1885. 

1865-67. 

Rev.  A.  H.  Munro. 

186S-81. 

Rev.  George  E.  Day. 

1881-84. 
1886. 

Rev.  Calvin  Goodspeed. 
Rev.  H.  F.  Adams. 

1837-52 
1838-44 

Temple  Chttrch. 

184S-52 
1853- 

1871-73- 

Rev.  W.  H.  Porter. 

1S58. 

1S73-7S. 

Rev.  W.  H.  Warren. 

1S61. 

1878. 

Rev.  T.  H.  Porter. 

1862. 

1879. 

Rev.  John  Clarke. 

1867. 

1882. 

Rev.  J.  L.  M.  Young. 

186?. 

1884. 

Rev.  J.  B.  Woodland. 

1874 

It"  .7  5. 

Rev.  D.  MacCallum. 
Rev.  James  Hay. 
Rev.  J.  E.  Kean. 
Rev.  M.  C.  Williams. 
Rev.  James  Shipperly. 
Rev.  W.  H.  Watson. 

Y.\RMOUTH. 

Yarmouth   Tabernacle. 
Organized  1848. 

Rev.  Frederick  J.  Tomkins. 
Rev.  W.  H.  Heudebourck. 
Rev.  Robert  Wilson. 
Rev.  George  Ritchie. 
Rev.  Archibald  Burpee. 
Rev.  A.  J.  MacLeod. 
Rev.  Alexander  MacGregor. 
Rev.  William  Macintosh. 


Mil  Ion  Church. 

Rev.  Isaiah  Wallace. 
Rev.  P.  Gallagher. 
Rev.  E.  M.  Kierstiad. 
Rev.  J.  B.  MacQuillan. 
Rev.  J.  A.  Gordon. 
Rev.  J.  A.  Ford. 

HEBRON. 
Organized  1837. 

Rev.  Harris  Harding. 
Rev.  A.  V.  Dimock. 
Rev.  James  Reid. 
Rev.  W.  G.  Goucher. 
Rev.  E.  X.  Harris. 
Rev.  William  Burton. 
Rev.  Robert  D.  Porter. 
Rev.  R.  R.  Philp. 
Rev.  John  Rowe. 
Rev.  R.  D.  Burgess. 
Rev.  Atwood  Cahocn. 


CLERGYMEN. 


337 


BEAVER   RIVER. 
Organized  18^6. 

1846.  Rev.  Levi  Marshall. 

1848.  Rev.  James  Reid. 

Rev.  Henry  Saunders. 

1853.  Rev.  T.  C.  Delong. 

1858.  Rev.  Aaron  Cogswell. 

187 1.  Rev.  Joseph  H.  Saunders. 

1875.  Rev.  J.  D.  Skinner. 

1877.  Rev.  G.  B.  Titus. 

1882.  Rev.  J.  I.  DeWolfe. 

OHIO. 
Organized  1833. 

5812.  Rev.  James  Reid. 

1857.  Rev.  Jo>.eph  H.  Saunders. 

187 1.  Rev.  J.  A.  Stubbert. 

1877.  Rev.  John  W.  Weeks. 

1878.  Rev.  John  Rowe. 

1883.  Rev.  A.  E.  Ingram. 

1884.  Rev.  Joshua  T.  Eaton. 

CHEGOGGIN. 
Organized  1853. 

Rev.  \V.  G.  Goucher. 
Rev.  E.  N.  Harris. 
Rev.  J.  H.  Saunders. 
Rev.  O.  E.  Cox. 
Rev.  W.  L.  Parker. 
Rev.  P.  R.  Murray. 
Rev.  J.  W.  Weeks. 

DEERKIELD. 

1843.  Rev.  Samuel  M.  Randall. 

1849.  Rev.  Henry  Saunders. 


1S52-S2      Rev.  James  A.  Stubbert. 
1883.  Rev.  D.  W.  Crandall. 

1885.  Rev.  John  Hughes. 


ARGVLE   AND  TUSKET. 


1806. 

Rev.  Enoch  Towner. 

1806-34. 

Rev.   Harris  Harding,  and 

others. 

1834-50- 

Rev.  James  Lent. 

1850-51. 

Rev       .  C.  Rideout. 

•853- 

Rev    '.   aes  Spencer. 

1855. 

Rev.       thony  Martell. 

1857. 

Rev.       nes  B.  Tabor. 

1858. 

Rev.  J  ..-ieph  H.  Saunders. 

I85S-66. 

Rev.  Anthony  Martell. 

IS69. 

Rev.  P.  R.  Forster. 

1875- 

Rev.  Augustus  .Shields. 

1876. 

Rev,  P.  R.  Forster. 

1879- 

Rev.  William  Richan. 

I880-S2. 

Rev.  P.  S.  MacGregor. 

ISS4. 

Rev.  D.  W.  Crandall. 

1885. 

Rev.  George  H.  Goudey. 

IS85. 

Rev.  James  W.  Lingley. 

1885. 

Rev.  James  A.  Stubbert. 

ARGVLE. 
Organized  1830. 

1S30.  Rev.  Enoch  Towner. 

1S42.  Rev.  James  Lent. 

1867.  Rev.  W.  L.  Parker. 

1869.  Rev.  P.  R.  Fotster. 

1873.  Rev.  L.  B.  Gates. 

1875.  Rev.  W.  B.  Bradshaw. 

icS79.  Rev.  E.  P.  Coidwell. 

18S5.  Rev.  J.  L  Skinner. 


ROMAN    CATHOLIC. 


Ste.  Anne's. 

185S. 

Fr.  Quinan. 

1871. 

Fr.  151anchet. 

EEL   BROOK,   1 784. 

1S71. 

Fr.  Butler. 

1797- 

Abbe  Sigogne. 

1873 

Fr.  Donaghue. 

1820. 

Fr.  Doucette. 

1873- 

Fr.  Underwood 

1828. 

Fr.  Morin. 

1875. 

Fr.  Mihan. 

1834. 

Fr.  Petithomme. 

1875. 

Fr.  Manning. 

1838. 

Fr.  Anssart. 

1876. 

Fr.  Mihan. 

1839. 

Fr.  Goudot. 

18S1. 

Fr.  D'Hommee 

1853- 

Fr.  Roles. 

1881. 

Fr.  Bernard. 

1856. 

Fr.  Gay. 

.882. 

Fr.  Manning. 

1857. 

Fr.  Berthe. 

1886. 

Fr.  Hamilton. 

338 


CLERGYMEN. 


St.  Peters. 

1848. 

Fr.  Nugent. 

PUHNICO. 

'853- 
1S56. 

Fr.  Roles. 
Fr.  CJay. 

^1^1- 

AbW  Sifjogne. 

1S57. 

Fr.  Herlhe. 

1820. 

Fr.  Dourctte. 

1858. 

Fr.  Ouinan. 

I82.S. 

Fr.  Moriii. 

1859. 

Fr.  (;.iy. 

1834. 

F"r.  Petithoniine. 

1867. 

Fr.  MacLeod. 

1839. 

Fr.  Goudot. 

1868. 

Fr.  O'Hrien. 

•S53- 

Fr.  Warlop. 

1870. 

Fr.  Kearns. 

185S. 

Fr.  lilanchet. 

1876. 

Fr.  Manning. 

i8rjo. 

Fr.  MacLeod. 

1881. 

Fr.  I'.rowiic. 

1867. 

Vx.  Bresnan. 

1882. 

Fr.  MacCarthy. 

1 868-88. 

Fr.  Macl^od. 
St.  Michaers. 

TUSKET   WED(JE. 

.883- 

88. 

Fr.  Parker. 
St.  Ambrose,    Yarmouth, 
served     jointly    with 
St.  Michael's,  until 

«7')7- 

Abbe  .Sigogne. 

I 

S77. 

Fr.  Kearns. 

1839. 

Fr.  Goudot. 

I 

87S- 

-Si.     Fr.  P)rowne. 

1845. 

Fr.  Carmody. 

I 

882-S8.     Fr.  MacCarthy. 

EPISCOPAL. 

YARMOUTH,    1807. 

1793.  ^t\.  David  (^rmond. 

i8or.  Rev.  John  Blatkburne. 

1S06-15.  Rev.  Raima  Cossit. 

1817.  Rev.  James  Milner. 

18 19.  Rev.  Rajier  Milner. 

1S19.  Rev.  Thomas  A.  fJrantham. 

1834.  Rev.  Alfred  Gilpin. 

1842.  Rev.  Richard  Avery. 

1846.  Rev.  H.  L.  Owen. 

1846-83.  Rev.  J.  T.  T.  Moody. 

1884-88.  Rev.  II.  L.  A.  Almon. 

Curates  :  — 

1865-76.  Rev.  J.  Roy  Cam])bell. 


1876-79  Rev.  T.  Vi.  Mac  Lean. 

1879-84.  Rev.  Richmond  Shreve. 

TUSKET,  1S45. 

1S45.  Rev.  Richard  Avery. 

1846.  Rev.  H.  L.  Owen. 

1846.  Rev.  J.  T.  T.  Moody. 

1851.  Rev.  II.  M.  .Spike. 

1853.  Rev.  William  .Stewart. 

1855.  Rev.  Philip  Tocque. 

1862.  Rev.  J.  T.  Moody. 

1864.  Rev.  J.  P.  Sargent. 

1868.  Rev.  F.  M.  Young. 

1874.  Rev.  John  Padfield. 

1876-S4.  Rev.  Henry  Sterns. 


METHODIST. 


YARMOUTH. 


1816.  Rev.  Richard  Alder. 

1817.  Rev.  William  Ashe. 

1818.  Rev.  Richard  Crane. 
1S19.  Rev.  Thomas  Payne. 

1820.  Rev.  John  Snowball. 

1 82 1.  Rev.  George  Millar. 
s822.  Rev.  William  Ashley. 

1826.  Rev.  William  Smith. 

1827.  Rev.  William  Temple. 
1828  Rev.  Thomas  H.  Davies. 


1829. 

'S3 
1834 

•835 

1836 

18  ?8 

1839 

1841 

1844 

1846, 

1849, 

1850 


Rev.  W.  E.  Shenstone. 
Rev.  William  MacDonald. 
Rev.  William  Webb. 
Rev.  Alfred  Cole. 
Rev.  John  MacMurray. 
Rev.  James  Knowlan. 
Rev.  Charles  De Wolfe. 
Rev.  Charles  Churchill. 
Rev.  Rowland  H.  Morton. 
Rev.  Henry  Pope. 
Rev.  Richard  Weddall. 
Rev.  Richard  Williams. 


CLERGYMEN. 


339 


IS5I. 

Rev.  William  Wilson. 

1855. 

Rev.  Michael  Pickles. 

1865. 

1857. 

Rev.  Michael  Pickles. 

1867. 

1857. 

Rev.  T.  H.  Smith. 

1868. 

1858. 

■Rev.  James  Kngland. 

1871. 

1858. 

Rev.  T.  B.  .Smith. 

1873. 

1859. 

Rev.  George  Johnson. 

1876. 

1859. 

Rev.  Thomas  .S.  Richey. 

1879. 

i860. 

Rev.  Ingram  Sutcliffc. 

1882. 

i860. 

Rev.  John  15.  Likely. 

1885. 

1862. 

Rev.  Ingram  Suttliffe. 

1862. 

Rev.  C.  P.  Pitblarlo. 

1863. 

Rev.  John  Prince. 

1 87  5' 

1863. 

Rev.  W.  C.  Prown. 

1877. 

1864. 

Rev.  John  Prince. 

1878. 

1864. 

Rev.  James  R.  Hart. 

1879. 

F^'Sl. 

iiJ.S4. 

YARMOUTH,    .SOUTH. 

1865. 

Rev.  John  Prince. 

1886. 

1866. 

Rev.  J.  G.  Hennigar. 

1869. 

Rev.  Job  Shenton. 

1872. 

Rev.  J.  I,.  Sponagle. 

1870. 

1874. 

Rev.  Leonard  Gaefz. 

1873- 

1875. 

Rev.  J.  M.  Pike. 

1875. 

1878. 

Rev.  J.  J.  Teasdale. 

1876. 

1881. 

Rev.  W.  H.  HeartE. 

1S78. 

1884. 

Rev.  James  Strothard. 

18S0. 
1883. 
1886. 

YARMOUTH,    NORTH. 

Rev.  W.  M.  Perkins. 
Rev.  Henry  Daniel. 
Rev.  Joseph  Hart. 
Rev.  John  Lathern. 
Rev.  Jabez  A.  Rogers. 
Rev.  John  Read. 
Rev.  John  Lathern. 
Rev.  Jabez  A.  Rogers. 
Rev.  Joseph  Gaetz. 

HEBRON    AND   BRENTCMJ. 

Rev.  W.  H.  Evans. 
Rev.  Fred.  H.  Wright. 
Rev.  John  L.  Dawson. 
Rev.  George  F.  Johnson. 
Rev.  J.  M.  Mellish. 
Rev.  W.  A.  Outerbridge. 
Rev.  C.  H.  Iluestis. 

ARCADIA    AND   TUSKET, 

Rev.  Thomas  Rogers. 
Rev.  John  M.  Pike. 
Rev.  Godfrey  Shore. 
Rev.  Robert  Tweedy. 
Rev.  James  Taylor. 
Rev.  Hyron  <".  Hordcn. 
Rev.  P.  H.  Robinson. 
Rev.  John  Craig, 


PRESBYTERIAN. 

YARMOUTH,    CHEBOGUE,    AND    CARLETON. 

1836-44.  Rev.  John  Ross. 

1849-77.  Rev.  George  Christie. 

1878-82.  Rev.  William  Robertson. 

1882-88.  Rev.  Anderson  Rogers. 

Assistants  to  Mr.  Christie  :  — 
Rev.  John  D,  Murray. 


1872. 
1879. 
1885. 


Rev.  Ebenezer  MacNab. 
Rev.  William  Stewart. 
Rev.  John  Forrest. 

CHEBOGUE   AND  CARLETON. 

Rev  J.  C.  Meek. 
Rev.  J.  K.  Pcairsto. 
Rev.  J.  R.  Fitzpatrick. 


FREE  BAPTISTS. 


ARGYLE  AND  TUSKET. 

1869-71. 
1872. 

1817. 

Rev.  Jacob  Norton. 

1873-76. 

1831-45. 

Rev.  Charles  Knowles. 

1876-79. 

Rev.  H.  A.  Stokes. 

1879-85. 

1845-61. 

Rev.  Charles  J.  Oram. 

1885. 

1861-69. 

Rev.  Charles  Knowles. 

'  Appendix 

:R. 

Rev.  Edward  .Sullivan. 
Rev.  William  Downey. 
Rev.  W.  M.  Knollin. 
Rev.  William  Downey. 
Rev.  William  Miller. 
Rev.  J.  W.  Freeman. 


340 


FREEMASONRY. 


ARCADIA. 

BEAVER    RIVER. 

•832-57- 

Rev. 

Charles  Knowles. 

1840. 

Rev.  K.  R.  Davis. 

1858-64. 

Rev. 

A.  Swim. 

1842. 

Rev.  Thomas  Brady. 

1858-64. 

Rev. 

\V.  C.  Weston. 

1844. 

Rev.  John  Jenkins. 

1864. 

Rev. 

Charles  Knowles. 

1850. 

Rev.  Charles  Knowles 

1864. 

Rev 

Walter  C.  Weston. 

1856. 

1862. 

Rev.  C.  J.  Oram. 
Rev.  Edward  Sullivan 

YARMOUTH. 

1870. 

Rev.  W.  M.  Knollin. 

1874-77. 

Rev. 

David  Oram. 

1872. 

Rev.  Samuel  N.  Royal 

1877-79. 

Rev. 

W.  M.  Knollin. 

1S76. 

Rev.  James  F.  Smith. 

1883. 

Rev. 

Edwin  Crowell. 

1S82. 
1884. 

Rev.  .\aron  Kenney. 
Rev.  J.  F.  Curry. 

KEMPTVILLE. 

1886. 

Rev.  J.  I.  Porter. 

•833- 

Rev 

Charles  Knowles. 

1866. 

Rev 

S.  K.  West. 

BROOKLYN. 

Rev.  David  Oram. 

MASONIC   INSTITUTIONS. 

Freemasons  are  wont  to  say,  "  From  the  commencement  of  the 
world  we  may  trace  the  foundation  of  Masonry.  Ever  since  symmetry 
began,  and  Harmony  displayed  her  charms,  our  order  has  had  a  being. 
During  many  ages,  and  in  many  different  countries,  it  has  flourished. 
No  art,  no  science,  preceded  it." 

John  Locke,  writing  to  the  Earl  of  Pembroke  under  date  of  May  6, 
1696,  sent  him  a  copy  of  an  old  manuscript  in  the  Bodleian  Library. 
He  said,  "  The  manuscript  of  which  this  is  a  copy,  appears  to  be  about 
one  hundred  and  sixty  years  old ;  for  th';  original  is  said  to  be  in  the 
handwriting  of  King  Henry  VL"  It  is  said  that  King  Henry  joined  the 
order,  and  the  manuscript  purports  to  be  a  preliminary  examination  by 
Henry  of  a  member  of  the  fraternity. 

Question.     Whatt  mote  ytt  be? 

Answer.  Ytt  beeth  the  skylle  of  Nature,  the  understondynge  of  the 
myghte  thet  ys  hereynne,  and  its  sondrye  werkynges ;  sonderlyche,  the 
skylle  of  reckenynges,  of  waightes  and  metynges,  and  the  true  manere  of 
fa9onnynge  alle  thynges  for  mennes  use ;  headlye,  dwellinges,  and  buyld- 
ynges  of  alle  kindes,  and  alle  odher  thynges  thet  make  gudde  to  menne. 

Quest.     Where  dydd  ytt  begynne? 

Arts.  Ytt  dydd  begynne  with  the  fyrste  menne  yn  the  este,' which 
were  before  the  fyrste  menne  of  the  weste,  and  comyinge  westlye  ytt 
hathe  broughte  herwyth  alle  comfortes  to  the  wylde  and  comfortlesse. 


HIRAM  LODGE.  34 1 

Quest.     Dothe  alle  Magonnes  kunne  more  then  odher  menne  ? 

Arts.  Not  see ;  thay  onlyche  haueth  not  recht  and  occasyonne 
more  then  odher  menne  to  kunne,  butt  manye  doethe  fale  yn  capacitie, 
and  manye  more  doethe  want  industrye  thet  yr  pernecessarye  for  the 
gaynynge  alle  kunnage. 

Quest.     Are  Ma(;onnes  gudder  menne  then  odhers  ? 

Ans.  Some  Magonnes  are  not  soe  vertuouse  as  some  odher  menne  ; 
butt  yn  the  moste  parte,  thay  be  more  gudde  then  thay  woulde  be  yf 
thay  war  not  Ma^onnes. 

Quest.  Dothe  Ma^onnes  love  eidher  odher  myghtylye  as  beath 
sayde  ? 

•  Ans.  Yea  verylyche,  and  ytt  may  not  odherwise  be ;  for  gudde 
menne  and  true,  kennynge  eidher  odher  to  be  soche,  doethe  alwaye  love 
the  more  as  thay  be  more  gudde. 

HIRAM    LODGE. 

By  virtue  of  a  dispensation  granted  by  the  Right  Worshipful,  the 
Provincial  Grand  Master,  Alexander  Keith,  dated  Sept.  19,  1848,  author- 
izing "  Our  well-beloved  brother  George  Killam  to  assemble  a  sufficient 
number  of  Freemasons  at  Yarmouth  in  the  Province  of  Nova  Scotia, 
and  there  so  congregated  to  form  and  open  a  Lodge  to  be  named  the 
Hiram  Lodge,  wherein  our  said  well-beloved  and  Worshipful  Brother 
George  Killam  is  to  preside  as  first  Master,  Brother  Robert  Black  to  be 
his  first  Senior  Warden,  and  Brother  Georg  Stairs  Brown  to  be  his  first 
Junior  Warden,"  on  Oct.  2,  1848,  the  Lodge  was  organized,  the  follow- 
ing brethren  being  present :  George  Killam,  Robert  Black,  George  Stairs 
Brown,  Samuel  Graham,  Oliver  Haley,  Henry  Heckman,  and  David 
Clark.  Brother  Samuel  Rust  was  appointed  secretary.  A  code  of  by- 
laws was  adopted,  naming  the  first  Monday  in  each  month  for  the  regu- 
lar meetings,  and  the  first  Monday  in  December  for  the  annual  election 
of  officers,  to  be  installed  on  or  before  St.  John's  Day  following.  On 
Jan.  I,  1849,  William  H.  Townsend,  George  S.  Brown,  and  Jean  Bap- 
tiste  Josu6  Pothier,  were  initiated,  followed  on  Feb.  12  by  Thomas  Van 
Buskirk  Bingay,  John  Wentworth  Moody,  and  Amasa  Durkee. 

On  St.  John's  Day,  June  24,  1852,  under  the  registry  of  the  (kand 
Lodge  of  England  No.  868,  Hiram  Lodge  was  in  due  form  consecrated 


342  HIRAM  LODGE. 

by  P.  G.  Master,  the  Hon.  Alexander  Keith,  assisted  by  Charles  W. 
Dickson,  S.  G.  Warden,  and  Henry  C.  D.  Twining,  P.  G.  Secretary. 
The  charter  bears  il.ite  Sept.  4,  1851. 

Hiram   Lodge  was  incorporated  on  March  31,  1863  ;   and  it  now 
stands  No.  1 2  in  the  registry  of  the  Grand  Lodge  of  Nova  Scotia. 


HIRAM  LODGE. 


345 


U 

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! 

W.H.  Towns.. id. 
W.  H.  Townsend. 
W.  II.  Townsend. 
W.  H.  Townsend. 
W.  H.  Townsend. 
George  S.  Brown. 
George  S.  Brown. 
George  S.  Brown. 
George  S.  Brown. 
George  S.  Brown. 
George  S.  Brown. 
George  S.  Brown. 
George  S.  Brown. 
Washburn  Coy. 
Enos  (iardner. 
James  J.  Lovitt. 
T.  V.  B.  Bingay. 
T.  V.  B.  Bingay. 
T.  V.  B.  Bingay. 
W.  B.  Townsend. 
A.J.  Hood. 
W.  B.  Townsend. 

>> 
a 

i 

—         ^•o'O'art^.                    .          ..          .. 

.^.     ^.       .11             cOOOSv,Cut.iJi.l_t.k.ui.i- 

1 

.2 

G.  Stairs  Brown. 
G.  Stairs  Brown. 
G.  Stairs  Brown. 
George  S.  Brown. 
George  H.  Redding. 
Charles  White. 
Heman  Crowell. 
L.  E.  Baker. 
George  Ryerson. 
John  Baxter. 
William  S.  Whitten. 
Heman  Crowell. 
Thomas  Barbour. 
Enos  Gardner. 
James  G.  Allen. 
Alexander  J.  Hood. 
L.  D.  Raymond. 
William  A,  Cann. 
George  G.  Gray. 
Charles  L.  Brown. 
David  Wetniore. 
Charles  L.  Brown. 
Alfred  S.  Hood. 

.2 
1 

Robert  Black. 
Robert  Black. 
T.  V.  B.  Bingay. 
George  Killam. 
T.  V.  B.  Bingay. 
J.  W.  Moody. 
W.  H.  Townsend. 
John  Young. 
George  H.  Redding. 
J.  W^  Moody. 
George  Ryerson. 
Amasa  Durkee. 
Charles  White. 
William  Weddleton. 
George  W.  Johnson. 
Zachariah  A.  Raymond. 
William  B.  Townsend. 
James  J.  Lovitt. 
William  Law. 
J.  A.  McLellan. 
Joseph  A.  Reid. 
George  G.  Sanderson. 
Clarence  Christie. 

1 

1 

George  Killam. 
George  Killam. 
George  Killam. 
T.  V.  B.  Bingay. 
George  S.  Brown. 
George  Killam. 
J.  W.  Moody. 
Charles  White. 
Heman  Crowell. 
W.  H.  Townsend. 
George  Killam. 
George  H.  Redding. 
John  Baxter. 
T.  V.  B.  Bingay. 
Charles  White. 
George  W.  Johnson. 
Z.  A.  Raymond. 
William  B.  Townsend. 
William  B.  Townsend. 
Alexander  J.  Hood. 
J.  A.  McLellan. 
J.  A.  McLellan. 
G.  G.  Sanderson. 

OOOCCCOOOOOOOOCCOOOOCOOOOOMOCOOOOOOOOCCOCOOOO 

344 


HIRAM  LODGE. 


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348 


BRITISH  AND  FOREIGN  BIBLE  SOCIETY. 


BRITISH    AND    FOREIGN    BIBLE    SOCIETY. 

1816.  —  In  January,  1816,  the  Yarmouth  and  Argyle  branch  of  this 
Society  was  organized  at  the  house  of  Bartlett  Gardner,  Chebogue,  and 
the  following  officers  were  appointed :  James  Lent,  president ;  Rev. 
Harris  Harding,  Rev.  Enoch  Towner,  Richard  Fletcher,  and  Jacob 
Tedford,  vice-presidents  ;  Waitstill  Lewis,  treasurer  ;  Thomas  Dane  and 
Zachariah  Chipman,  secretaries. 

The  office-bearers  in  later  years  were  as  follows  :  — 


1834. 
1844. 
1854. 
1858. 
1862. 


President. 


Rev.  Harris  Harding. 
Rev.  Harris  Harding. 
Benjamin  Rogers. 
G.  J.  Karish. 
C'r.  J.  Parish. 


Treasurer. 


Waitstill  Lewis. 
Edward  Huestis. 
Robert  Guest. 
Robert  Guest. 
Robert  Guest. 


Secretary. 


William  MacCuUoch. 
Rev.  A.  V.  Dimock. 
J.  T.  Hutchinson. 
W.  K.  Dudman. 
C.  C.  Stewart. 


In  1843,  to  promote  the  interests  of  the  Society  in  Argyle,  a  special 
committee  was  appointed :  Matthew  Jeffery,  secretary  and  treasurer ; 
Israel  Harding,  James  Spinney,  Daniel  Spinney,  Colin  MacKinnon,  and 
James  Nickerson. 

In  1828  the  ladies  of  Yarmouth  and  Argyle  established  an  independ- 
ent branch,  whose  usefulness  still  continues.  Mrs.  Richard  Fletcher  was 
the  first  president,  succeea^d  by  Mrs.  Robert  Kelley,  Mrs.  G.  J.  Farish, 
and  Mrs.  Thomas  O.  Geddes.  Wuat  the  ladies  were  doing  fifty  years 
ago  may  be  gathered  from  extracts  of  correspondence  to  be  found  in 
the  appendix,  and  this  from  the  Society's  report,  published  at  London 
in  1829. 

"From  New  Brunswick,  Rev.  John  West  (deputed  by  the  committee 
to  visit  the  auxiliaries  in  British  North  America)  passed  into  Nova  Scotia, 
and  a  meeting  was  convened  at  Yarmouth,  where  the  Auxiliary  was 
revived,  and  a  Ladies'  Association  established.  Mrs.  Fletcher,  president 
of  the  Yarmouth  Ladies'  Association,  has  remitted  jQ^i/6/2,  and,  ex- 
pressing her  gratitude  for  a  quantity  of  English  Bibles  placed  at  her 
disposal,  says,  '  They  are  in  the  hands  of  destitute  and  indigent  persons, 


MILTON  LIBRARY. 


349 


whose  wants  and  utter  inability  to  make  payment  we  have  carefully  ascer- 
tained ;  and  I  can  assure  you  they  are  considered  an  inestimable  treasure 
by  the  poor  but  pious  persons  to  whose  lot  they  fell.'  "  ' 

THE    YARMOUTH    BOOK   SOCIETY. 

1822.  —  The  Yarmouth  Book  Society  was  established   on   Jan.  i, 

1822:   John  Moody,  president;   James  B.Moody,    treasurer;    Stayley 

Brown,  secretary ;    Herbert    Huntington,   librarian.     Henry  G.  Parish 

succeeded  to  the  presidency  in  1829,  and  James  B.  Dane  in  1848.     In 

1870  the  Society  was  newly  organized  under  the    name    of    "Milton 

Library."     The  original  shareholders  were  John  Moody,  H.  G.  Parish, 

James   Starr,  Jacob    Tooker,  Herbert  Huntington,  James    Bond,  John 

Brown,  James   B.   Moody,   Stayley    Brown,    Mary    Pletcher,  Abner  W. 

Huntington,  Samuel  Corning,  Zebina  Shaw,  Simeon  De  Wolfe,  Francis 

Armstrong,  James  B.  Dane,  Samuel  Rust,  Israel  Harding,  George  Bingay, 

John  Lawson,  Charles  J.  Bond,  T.  A.  Grantham,  Joseph  Shaw,  Zachariah 

Chipman. 

YARMOUTH    ACADEMY. 

1830.  —  By  deed  dated  Jan.  26,  1830,  Thomas  and  Elizabeth 
Goudey,  for  the  sum  of  p/^67/10/0,  conveyed  to  James  Bond,  Robert 
Kelley,  Zachariah  Chipman,  Anthony  V.  S.  Porbes.  and  Waitstill  Lewis, 
the  lot  of  land  near  "  Moody's  Corner,"  sixty  feet  by  two  hundred  and 
five  feet,  in  trust  for  themselves  and  the  other  proprietors  ;  viz., — 


John  Kinney. 
Stayley  Brown. 
John  Murray. 
Joseph  Stoneman. 
William  Huestis. 
Silas  Clements. 
Benjamin  Lewis. 
Charles  Lewis. 
Robert  Huston. 
John  Furman. 
John  Brown. 
John  Durkee. 
Israel  Lovitt. 


William  Lewis. 
Gabriel  Van  Norden. 
Jonathan  Moulton. 
Ebepezer  Clark. 
Johii  Killam. 
Thomas  Killam. 
Benjamin  Killam. 
Thomas  Willett. 
Samuel  Rust. 
Reuben  Clements. 
Comfort  Haley. 
Josejjh  Robbins. 


Thomas  I).  Chipman. 
E.  W.  B.  Moody. 
James  B.  Dane. 
Joseph  N.  Bond. 
Joseph  B.  Bond. 
Edward  Huestis. 
David  Landers. 
Jeremiah  Haley. 
Samuel  S.  Poole. 
George  S.  Fletcher. 
James  Baker. 
Joseph  Raymond. 


The  said  premises  to  be  occupied  as  a  site  whereon  to  erect  an  academy 
for  the  education  of  youth.  As  previously  stated,  the  Yarmouth 
.\cademy  was  built  in  1830.     James  B.  Dane  was  the  architect ;  and  the 

'  Appendix  S. 


350  YARMOUTH  ACADEMY. 

building  was  occupied  for  educational  purposes  until  the  introduction 
of  the  present  school  law,  when,  by  an  Act  of  the  Legislature,  dated 
March  31,  1864,  John  Murray,  Reuben  Clements,  and  James  B.  Moody, 
were  appointed  commissioners  to  sell  the  property  at  the  request  "  of  all 
the  parties  beneficially  interested  in  said  land  and  building."  John  W. 
?  'oody  was  the  purchaser  ;  and  the  building,  removed  to  the  line  of  Main 
Street,  is  now  headquarters  for  the  imj)ortant  offices  Mr.  Moody  holds. 

The  trustees  of  the  Yarmouth  Academy  were  five  in  number,  three 
chosen  by  the  members  of  the  society ;  the  others,  being  also  members 
of  the  society,  were  appointed  by  the  lieutenant-governor.  In  1841 
the  trustees  were  E.  \V.  B.  Moody,  Reuben  C'lements,  Charles  Lewis, 
John  Murray,  and  Staylcy  Brown.  In  that  year  the  provincial  grant  in 
aid  of  the  institution  was  a  hundred  and  thirty-five  pounds. 

One  of  the  early  teachers  at  the  Yarmouth  Academy,  appointed 
August,  1833,  was  William  MacCuUoch,  now  a  Presl)yterian  clergyman 
of  Truro.  In  1845,  Michael  MacCulloch  was  principal.  These  gentle- 
men were  the  sons  of  Dr.  Thomas  MacCulloch,  the  distinguished 
founder  of  the  Pictou  Academy,  long  the  leading  educational  institution 
of  Nova  Scotia. 

The  following  have  been  the  princii)al  school-teachers  of  Yarmouth 
County  down  to  the  introduction  of  the  present  school  system,  although 
some  names  may  be  inadvertently  omitted.  The  teachers  at  the  Yar- 
mouth Academy  are  placed  in  a  column  by  themselves  :  — 

VARMOUni   ACADEMY. 

1832.  Charles  Wiggins. 

1833.  William  MacCulloch. 
1836.     William  M.  Godfrey. 

George  Y.  Wordsworth. 

Waitstill  Patch. 
1839.     Rev.  John  Ross. 
1S40.     James  J.  Smith. 
1841.     Rufus  Tliden  King. 
1841.     Mrs.  R  T.  King. 
1845.     Michael  Mac(      loch. 

John  Maclver. 

Rev.  George  Christie. 

Douglas  Christie. 

John  Thorburn. 

Alexander  S.  Murray. 

William  Bullock. 

J.  Alvin  Flint. 

John  Hood. 


SCIfOOL-  TEA  CHERS. 


351 


1785 

Samuel  S.  I'oole. 

1785- 

Miner  Huntington, 

Andrew  Butler. 

John  Prout. 

Robert  R.  Black. 

Rev.  Harris  Harding. 

iSoo. 

Henry  Adams. 

1806. 

Henry  O'Niel. 

1810. 

Alexander  Crawford. 

1812. 

John  MacKinnon. 

1812. 

Matthew  Fisher. 

1815. 

Rev.  R.  Milner. 

18.5. 

William  Hannah. 

i8i6. 

Nathan  Lewis 

1817. 

John  Wetmore. 

1817. 

John  S.  Miller. 

1818. 

Jos.  B.  Whipple. 

1819. 

Rev.  T.  A.  Grantham. 

1818. 

Thomas  D.  Stokoe. 

1820. 

George  Miller. 

i8?.o. 

James  Addison. 

1823. 

John  Moody. 

Samuel  Rust. 

Herbert  Huntington. 

Hugh  Maclver,  sen. 

1825. 

Joseph  Ellis. 

1826. 

Joseph  .Mden  Kllis. 

1831. 

John  }:^nnison. 

Francis  Boyd. 

Colin  MacKinnon. 

^832. 

Robert  Phipps. 

1832. 

Bennett. 

Freeman  Crosby. 

William  C.  W^illiams. 

John  Williams. 

1834. 

Thomas  S.  Delaney. 

1837- 

William  Hall. 

Hugh  Maclver,  jun. 

Pierre  Amirault. 

Hippolyte  Babin. 

Charles  Theriault. 

Denis  MacGrath. 

Michel  Surette. 

Croker  P.  Grace. 

Louis  A.  Surette. 

William  Moore. 

Henry  Kenealy. 

John  Maclver. 

James  t  leland. 

James  C.  Millar. 
Joseph  R.  Raymond. 
William  Muncey. 
Charles  H.  Tucker. 
W.  P.  McFetridge. 
John  Ingram  Bra. id. 
Horace  B.  Porter. 
Henry  A.  Hood. 
J.  Alvin  Flint. 
James  Urquhart. 
Jean  B.  LeBlanc. 
John  C.  Anderson. 
Raphael  Bourgeois. 
Abram  S.  Lent. 
Samuel  MacCully. 
Joseph  H.  Saunders. 
Samuel  W.  Bennison. 
Robert  P>.  lirown. 
John  Hood. 
Thomas  W.  Hilton. 
Laban  S.  Balkam. 

FEMALE   TEACHERS. 

1805.  Miss  Anne  MacKinnon. 

1810.  Mrs.  .Montgomery. 

1830.  Mrs.  Mary  Huntington. 

1828.  Mrs.  Jos.  Alden  Ellis. 

1832.  Miss  Maria  E.  Phip])s. 

1820.  Misses  Addison. 

1834.  Mrs.  Lowther. 

Mrs.  Rufus  Kinney. 

1834.  Mrs.  MacDonald. 
1830.  Mrs.  Sarah  Bruce. 
1830.  Miss  Deborah  Crosby. 

1835.  Mrs.  Laura  Gowen. 

1836.  .Mrs.  Ann  Cuddy. 

1836.     Miss  Deborah  Thompson. 
1836.     Miss  M.  Hanson. 
1838.     Miss  (J.  .Sorensen. 
1838.     Mrs.  Donelly. 

Miss  Kate  Maclver. 

Miss  Elizabeth  Maclver. 

Miss  Tupper. 

Miss  Smith. 

Mrs.  Jane  M.  Bingay. 

Miss  Louisa  Forbes. 

Mrs.  Lois  Goudey. 

Miss  Ellen  Robbins. 


352  NEWSPAPERS. 

NEWSPAPERS. 

Yarmouth's  first  local  newspaper  was  "  The  Telegraph,"  issued  by 
Jackson  and  L'Estrange  in  the  autumn  of  1831.  It  existed  ten  months, 
and  was  succeeded  by  "  The  Yarmouth  Herald,"  established  in  August, 
1833,  by  Alexander  Lawson,  who  has  since  continued  sole  editor  and 
proprietor,  except  that  for  the  interval  between  1845  and  1850  "The 
Herald  "  was  under  the  editorial  management  of  Angus  M.  Gidney, 
afterward  of  "  The  Bridgetown  Free  Press." 

In  September,  1839,  Richard  Huntington,  grandson  of  Miner  Hunt- 
ington, and  a  graduate  of  "  The  Yarmouth  Herald "  establishment, 
issued,  as  a  semi-weekly,  "The  Conservative."  But  with  the  subsidence 
of  the  Canadian  rebellion,  which  had  a  few  Yarmouth  sympathizers, 
Yarmouth  was  no  longer  a  field  for  "  The  Conservative,"  and  it  was 
withdrawn  after  six  months. 

In  1843,  John  G.  Bingay  established  "The  Yarmouth  Courier," 
which,  owmg  to  the  failing  health  of  the  proprietor,  was  discontinued  in 
1848,  having  meanwhile,  through  a  somewhat  stormy  period,  attended 
the  birth  of  "  Responsible  Government  "  in  Nova  Scotia. 

In  1848  appeared  "  The  Temperance  Gazette,"  published  by  Handley 
Chipman  Flint,  one  of  the  most  amiable  of  mankind,  anf'  .:  (LTcat- 
grandson  of  Thomas  Flint,  who,  in  1771,  came  to  Yarm  i^  -jm 
Salem,  Massachusetts. 

In  September,  1855,  Richard  Huntington,  with  the  assistance  of 
Charies  E.  Hurd,  afterward  of  "  The  Boston  Transcript,"  established, 
as  a  semi-weekly,  "The  Yarmouth  Tribune,"  which,  after  some  years, 
was  changed  to  a  weekly  issue.  Mr.  Huntington  continued  sole  editor 
and  proprietor  until  his  death  on  May  13,  1883  ;  and  two  days  afterward 
"The  Tribune  "  bade  its  many  friends  farewell. 

In  February,  1883,  appeared  the  latest  aspirant  for  public  favor, — 
"  The  Yarmouth  Times  and  Western  Counties  Journal,"  published  semi- 
weekly.  Since  then,  the  editorial  columns  of  the  Yarmouth  newspapers 
have  taken  on  a  more  metropolitan  tone. 


YARMOUTH  SEMINARY.  353 

THE    YARMOUTH    SEMINARY. 

This  edifice,  designed  by  Charles  W.  Panter  of  Brookline,  Mass.,  and 
erected  under  his  superintendence,  was  begun  in  1863,  and  finished  in 
1864,  at  a  cost  of  about  $20,000,  the  gift  of  citizens  chiefly  residents  of 
the  Central  School  District,  where  the  building  stands.  It  is  a  two-story 
wooden  structure  with  a  Mansard  roof,  and  a  basement  nine  feet  high, 
fitted  up  for  a  play-room  in  stormy  weather.  The  main  building  is  68 
by  73  feet,  with  a  projection  in  the  rear  15  by  32  feet.  The  first  and 
second  stories  are  divided  by  broad  corridors  into  eight  schoolrooms,  26 
by  30  feet,  and  13  feet  high,  containing  accommodation  for  448  pupils 
with  a  separate  desk  for  each.  Under  the  roof  is  a  hall  for  public  exhi- 
bitions, 61  by  66  feet,  and  15  feet  high,  capable  of  seating  800  people ; 
and  at  the  end  of  the  corridor  in  the  second  story  are  two  large  recita- 
tion-rooms. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  founders  of  the  Yarmouth  Seminary,  held  on  Oct. 
24,  1863,  a  constitution  was  adopted.  Its  thirteenth  clause  provided  for 
a  school  committee  of  twelve,  three  to  be  ex-officio  members  thereof;  viz., 
the  members  for  the  County  and  Township  of  Yarmouth  in  the  Provincial 
Parliament,  and  the  custos,  or  chief  judicial  officer,  of  Yarmouth  Town. 

The  following  constituted  the  first  boards  of  management :  — 


GOVERNORS. 


G.  J.  Parish,  Secretary. 
Dennis  Horton. 


N.  K.  Clements.  John  Young. 

George  Killam.  Bowman  Corning. 

Nathan  Moses.  John  K.  Ryerson. 

John  K.  Ryerson.  George  Killam. 

John  W.  Lovitt.  N.  K.  Clements. 
Thomas  Killam. 

^  c-    T.  SCHOOL   COMMITTEE. 

George  S.  Brown. 

G.  Joseph  Parish.  Thomas  Killam,  M.P.P.,  Chairman. 

James  Murray,  jun.  George  S.  Brown,  M.P.P. 

Dennis  Horton.  W.  H.  Moody,  sen.,  Custos 

Samuel  Killam.  George  Killam. 

Bowman  Corning.  N.  K.  Clements. 

Nathan  Moses. 

Thomas  M.  Lewis. 

James  Murray,  President.  Charles  E.  Brown. 

Thomas  Killam.  Loran  E.  Baker. 

George  .S.  Brown.  .  Benjamin  Killam,  jun. 

Nathan  Moses.  Jonathan  Horton. 

John  W.  Lovitt.  John  W.  Moody. 


TRUSTEES. 


354 


YARMOUTH  SEMINAKV. 


As  before  intimated,  the  cost  of  the  Yarmouth  Seminary,  incli:ding 
the  value  of  the  grounds,  exceeded  $20,000,  though  the  actual  figures 
have  never  been  published. 

Mr.  Panter's  contract  price,-  $14,000,  was  increased  by  extra  work 
done  by  him,  and  by  the  cost  of  grading,  ornamenting,  and  fencing  the 
grounds,  to  upwards  of  $16,000;  and  when  to  this  is  added  the  value  of 
the  land  itself,  which  has  an  area  of  544  by  214^  feet,  or  about  2§  acres, 
and  which,  principally,  was  the  gift  of  Capt.  George  Killam,  it  may  be 
readily  seen  that  the  entire  outlay  exceeded  $20,000. 

The  organization  that  built  the  Yarmouth  Seminary,  originated  in  a 
movement  undertaken  in  December,  1862,  to  raise,  by  voluntary  contri- 
bution, within  the  central  district  of  Yarmouth  Town,  the  sum  of 
$12,000;  one-half  to  be  devoted  to  a  ii^  hool-building,  the  other  half 
toward  the  support  of  a  free  school  for  four  years.  At  that  time  there 
was  not  a  single  public-school  building  in  the  County  of  Yarmouth,  and 
the  central  district  of  the  town  was  but  poorly  provided  with  school- 
rooms of  any  kind. 

Upon  the  presentation  of  a  prospectus  and  subscription  paper,  dated 
Dec.  16,  1862,  the  following  amounts  were  readily  subscribed  by  residents 
of  the  district :  — 


John  W.  Lovitt <sr,ooo 

John  K.  Ryerson 1,000 

George  Killam 1,000 

George  S.  Brown 1,000 

Nathan  Moses 500 

Amasa  Durkee 500 

Abel  C.  Robbins 400 

John  T.  Hutchinson 200 

Robert  Brown,  sen 200 

George  Ryerson 200 

James  A.  Sterritt loo 

John  C.  Moulton lOO 


Samuel  M.  Ryerson $100 

Benjamin  Killam,  jun 100 

Thomas  B.  Dane 100 

James  E.  Suttie 100 

Dennis  Horton 100 

John  R.  Crosby 100 

Samuel  Flint 100 

A.  W.  Homer 100 

Loran  E.  Baker 100 

Samuel  Brown 100 

William  H.  Jenkins 100 


together,  $7,300. 

In  addition  to  this  amount  of  $7,300,  Thomas  Killam,  Esq.,  not  a 
resident  of  the  district,  though  conducting  his  extensive  business  there, 
and  employing  many  men  with  families  living  within  its  limits,  in  a  letter 
written  at  Halifax,  where  he  was  attending  the  legislative  session, 
expressed  his  intention  of  adding  his  name  to  the  hst  for  $1,000. 


I 


YARMOUTH  SE.^rLXARY.  355 

Not  long  after  this  stage  was  reached,  Capt.  N.  K.  Clements  returned 
from  the  dis-United  States,  and  proposed  that  the  entire  $12,000  should 
be  devoted  to  a  school-building  according  to  plans  and  estimates  which 
he  had  brought  from  Boston  ;  and  the  subscribers  having  generally 
adopted  his  views,  Capt.  Clements  at  once  set  himself  to  their  accom- 
plishment. Leading  off  with  his  own  for  $1,000,  he  obtained  the  follow- 
ing other  subscriptions  within  the  district :  — 

N.  K.  Clements $1,000    Joseph  Seeley $50 

James  Murray 200    George  G.  Gray 50 

G.  Joseph  Parish 200    J.  Alvin  Flint 25 

Freeman  Dennis 150    John  R.  Corning 25 

George  B.  Doane 100  \  William  E.  Huestis 25 

Jonathan  Horton 100  ■  David  Churcliill 25 

Robert  Hunter 100    Calvin  Wyman 25 

Samuel  M.  Ryerson,  additional    .         100  |  John  G.  Dallinger 25 

Benjamin  Killam               "           .          50  ,  William  Weddleton 25 

James  E.  Suttie                 "           .          50 ;  Samuel  F.  Raymond 20 

Joseph  W.  Crowell 50  !  Joseph  R.  Kinney 20 

making  $2,415,  or  a  total  subscription,  within  District  No.  3,  of  $9,715, 
exclusive  of  the  grounds. 

The  subscriptions  from  residents  of  other  districts  adjoining,  which 
deserved  the  greater  commendation  from  the  fact  that  they  would  soon 
have  to  contribute  for  school-buildings  in  their  own  sections  of  the  town, 
were  as  follows  :  — 

Thomas  Killam $1,000    Charles  Tooker $30 

Benjamin  Murphy 100    Thomas  M.  Lewis 25 

Bowman  Corning 100  ,  John  W.  Moody 25 

William  Burrill 50  i  A.  F.  Stoneman 25 

William  D.  Lovitt 50  i  Joseph  B.  Stoneman 25 

Aaron  Goudey 200  t  Gilbert  Allen 20 

Nathan  Utley 100  I 

making  $1,750,  or  a  grand  total  of  $11,465. 

As  the  work  of  building,  etc.,  progressed,  other  contributions  were 
made  in  the  form  of  materials,  labor,  etc.,  which  probably  brought  the 
whole  subscription  not  far  from  $12,000,  exclusive  of  the  grounds. 

When  the  work  was  completed,  the  grounds  graded  and  fenced,  and 
the  building  furnished  throug.iout,  there  was  still  a  deficiency  of  some 
$5,000,  which  was  advanced  by  Capt.  Clements,  and  has  never  been 


3S6  COMMON  SCHOOLS. 

repaid ;  and  for  the  reason,  probably,  that  about  that  time  there  came 
into  operation  a  Provincial  law  for  the  support  of  schools  by  compulsory 
assessment,  when  free  contributions  were  more  difficult  of  attainment. 
Be  that  as  it  may,  the  Yarmouth  Seminary  has  since  afforded  accommo- 
dation for  the  high  school  of  the  county,  supported  by  a  legislative 
grant.  The  edifice  itself  has  served  as  a  model  for  school-buildings 
throughout  the  Province,  and  there  remains  the  question  whether  some 
further  legislative  action  should  not  still  be  taken  in  order  to  repay  to 
the  heirs  of  Capt.  Clements  the  amount  of  his  advances. 

During  the  legislative  session  of  1864  was  passed  the  first  Provincial 
law  for  the  support  of  schools  by  compulsory  assessment ;  and  under 
the  operation  of  that  law  and  its  amendments,  Yarmouth  County  has 
become  supplied  with  public-school  buildings  and  schools  ample  for  all 
the  needs  of  the  inhabitants.' 

The  report  of  the  superintendent  of  education  for  1882  gives  for 
Yarmouth  County  70  school  sections  with  89  schools  and  96  teachers 
for  the  winter,  and  86  schools  with  91  teachers  for  the  summer  term; 
and  a  total  of  5,268  different  pupils  attending  during  the  year,  being 
one  in  four  of  the  population.  The  salaries  in  that  year  were,  male 
teachers,  grade  A  and  B,  $498  ;  C,  $401  ;  D,  $2fi2)-  Female  teachers, 
grade  B,  S341  ;  C,  $273  ;  D,  $187. 

These  salaries,  though  low,  were  far  above  the  general  average  of 
the  Province ;  and  upon  this  point  the  superintendent  "^^ys,  "  That  the 
salaries  paid  to  teachers  have  not  advanced  in  sympathy  with  the  ten- 
dency toward  the  increased  remuneration  observable  in  all  other  depart- 
ments of  labor,  is  due  in  part  to  the  fact.'not  peculiar  to  our  Province, 
that  teaching  affords  to  young  persons,  who  do  not  intend  to  adopt  it 
as  a  profession,  a  convenient  temporary  employment  in  advance  of  the 
regular  business  of  life.  ...  I  may  also  allude  to  the  circumstance 
that  our  present  scale  of  salaries  was  virtually  fixed  at  a  time  when 
the  supply  greatly  exceeded  the  demand." 

School  commissioners  are  appointed  by  the  Government,  and  hold 
office  during  pleasure. 

'  Appendix  T. 


AGRICULTURAL   SOCIETIES. 


357 


SCHOOL    COMMISSIONERS    FOR    1886. 


YARMOUTH   DISTRICT. 

Charles  E.  Brown. 
Nathan  Hilton. 
John  W.  Moody. 
Charles  W.  Clements. 
Stephen  N.  Allen. 
James  Cain,  sen. 
George  Crosby. 
Amos  Hilton,  jun. 
William  H.  Moody. 
Robert  B.  Brown. 
Harris  H.  Crosby. 


ARGYLE   DISTRICT. 

Rev.  J.  M.  Manning. 
Enos  Gardner. 
Michel  Surette. 
David  D'Entremont. 
Nathaniel  Travis. 
James  .\.  Hatfield. 
P.  Lent  HatfielJ. 
Anselme  O.  I'oJiier. 
Milford  Sims. 
Edward  S.  Perrv. 


AGRICULTURAL    SOCIETIES. 

1842.  —  The  Yarmouih  County  Agricultural  Society  was  organ- 
ized at  the  Court  House  on  April  29,  1842.     The  members  were, — 


Barnard,  Thomas. 
Bazalgette,  Herbert. 
Bingay,  Edward. 
Bingay,  George. 
Bingay,  John. 
Bond,  James. 
Bond,  Joseph  B. 
Bond,  Norman  J. 
Brown,  John. 
Brown,  Robert. 
Brown,  Stayley. 
Brown,  Thomas. 
Burrill,  William. 
Churchill,  William. 
Churchill,  Zaccheus. 
Clements,  Reuben. 
Clements,  William. 
Cook,  Caleb. 
Cook,  Walter. 
Corning,  Nelson. 
Crawley,  John. 
Crosby,  Enoch. 
Crosby,  Isaiah. 
Crosby,  James. 
Crosby,  James,  jun. 
Dunseith,  Samuel. 
Durkee,  John. 
Durkee,  William. 
Eakins,  Robert  S. 
Ellenwood,  Benjamin. 
Ellis,  Joseph  Alden. 


Parish,  H.  G. 
Fifield,  Noah. 
Forster,  James. 
Goudey,  H.  T. 
Guest,  Robert. 
Haley,  Ebenezer. 
Hall,  John  G. 
Harris,  Nathaniel. 
Harris,  William. 
Hilton,  John. 
Hilton,  Samuel. 
Hilton,  Thomas,  jun. 
Holmes,  Samuel. 
Huestis,  Samuel. 
Huntington,  A.  W. 
Huntington,  Herbert. 
Jenkins,  James. 
Kelley,  Daniel. 
Kelley,  Robert. 
Killam,  Mark. 
Killam,  Thomas. 
Lawson,  Alexander. 
Lonergan,  Edmund. 
MacNamara,  William. 
MacNutt,  James. 
Moody,  E.  W.  B. 
Moody,  John. 
Moody,  William  H. 
Murray,  James. 
Patten,  John. 


Patterson,  Charles  E. 
Pinkney,  John. 
Pitman,  John. 
Poi  ■     ,  Benjamin. 
Raymond,  Josiah. 
Redding,  F.  W. 
Robbins,  A.  C. 
Robbins,  Asa. 
Robbins,  Joseph. 
Robertson,  William. 
Robson,  E.  M. 
Rogers,  Joseph. 
Rowley,  J.  W.  H. 
Saunders,  Henry. 
Saunders,  John. 
Scott,  Amos  H. 
Scott,  Ebenezer. 
Scott,  John  F. 
Stowe,  Thomas. 
Tooker,  George  W. 
Tooker,  Joseph. 
Tooker,  Joseph,  jun. 
Tooker,  Thomas  B. 
Townsend,  W.  H. 
Trask,  Elias. 
Trask,  Thomas. 
Van  Norden,  Gabriel. 
Webster,  F.  A. 
Winter,  Thomas, 
Wyman,  Calvin. 


358  AGRICULTURAL   SOCIETIES. 

President,  James  Bond.  Vire-President,  John  Saunders,  zd  Vice-President, 
Reuben  Clements.  Secretary,  Herbert  Huntington.  Treasurer,  Stayley  Brown. 
Directors,  John  Hingay,  Mark  Killam,  William  Harris,  Joseph  Robbins,  Gabriel 
Van  Nordcn,  Caleb  Cook,  E.  W.  15.  Moody,  H.  G.  Farish. 

This  Society  existed  until  1848,  and  was  succeeded  in  1855  by  the 
Yar.mouth  Township  Agricultural  Societ\',  whose  headquarters  were 
at  Hebron,  and  whose  first  office-bearers  were,  — 

President,  Joseph  A.  Ellis.  Vice-President,  David  Eldridge.  sd  Vice-President, 
James  Churchill.  Secretary,  Thomas  W.  Longstaff.  Treasurer,  Josiah  Raymond. 
Directors,  Jesse  Wyman,  John  Rose,  Richard  Crosby,  Loran  Cann,  Joseph  Rogers, 
Henry  Saunders,  John  MacCormack,  Benjamin  B.  Moses. 

The  officers  chosen  for  1885  were, — 

President,  \^\\\\2XA  R.  Doty.  Vice-President,  l/losts  Harris.  Secretary,  ]3imts 
Ciosby.  Tieastirer,  George  W.  Saunders.  Directors,  James  Butler,  John  Mac- 
Cormack, Robert  K.  Rose,  Charles  M.  Rogers,  John  F.  Dowling. 

A  new  Yarmouth  Count\'  Agricultural  Society  was  organized  on 
Oct.  3,  1867,  which  continues  in  active  operation  with  an  annual 
exhibition  and  attractive  prize  list. 

1S67. 
President,  William  B.  Townsend.     Vice-President,  ^\'illiam  Burrill,  sen.     Secre- 
tary, Charles  E.  Brown.     Directors,  William  Kinney,  Henry  Burrill,  sen.,  Dennis 
C.  Weston,  Enos  K.  Rogers,  Stephen  Churchill. 

1872. 
President,  Frank  Killam.     Vice-President,  Loran  E.  Baker.    Secretary,  Thomas 
E.  Corning.     Directors,    William   Burrill,   sen.,    Henry   Burrill,   sen.,   Charles  W. 
Smith,  N.  W.  Blethen,  Byron  C.  Sims. 

1877. 
President,  C.  E.  Brown.     Vice-President,  L.  E.  Baker.    Secretary,  T.  B.  Crosby. 

18S2. 
■    President,  L.   E.   Baker.     Vice-President,  William  Corning.     Secretary,  T.  B. 

Crosby. 

iSS5. 

President,  L.  E.  Baker.  Vice-President,  William  Corning.  Secretary,  Thomas 
B.  Crosby. 


AfO  UNTA IX  CEAfE  TER  Y. 


359 


George  S.  Brown  was  a  member  of  the  Central  Board  of  Agriculture 
of  Nova  Scotia  from  1864  to  1866  inclusive;  and  the  representative  of 
the  Yarmouth  County  Agricultural  Society  upon  that  board,  from  1872 
to  1875  inclusive;  Charles  E.  Brown  from  1876  to  18S5,  when,  by  an 
Act  of  the  Legislature,  the  Central  Board  was  abolished. 

MOUNTAIN    CEMETERY. 

i860.  — The  first  tract  of  land,  formerly  known  as  "  the  Mountain," 
was  purchased,  and  the  "  Mountain  Cemetery  Company  "  was  organized, 
in  i860.  Some  five  years  later  the  area  of  the  grounds  was  enlarged  by 
an  extension  easterly.  The  following  have  been  the  directors  at  different 
periods :  — 


i860. 

President,  E.  W.  B.  Moody. 

Vice-President,  Joseph  H.  Bond. 

Thomas  Allen. 

George  Killam. 

George  S.  Brown. 

G.  Joseph  Parish. 

James  C.  Parish. 

Comfort  Haley. 

William  Rogers. 

James  H.  Kinney. 

1865. 

President,  Stayley  Brown. 

Vice-President,  Nathan  Moses. 

Ji-seph  B.  Bond. 

J..ines  C.  Parish. 

George  Killam. 

John  W.  Lovi... 

Samuel  Brown. 

John  K.  Ryersor.. 

Edward  Huestis. 

Andrew  Lovitt. 


1875- 

President,  Nathan  Moses. 

Vice-Presidents  Stayley  Brown. 

James  C.  Parish. 

George  S.  Brown. 

James  B.  Kinney. 

Bowman  Corning. 

Benjamin  Killam. 

L.  E.  Baker. 

Preeman  Dennis. 

James  M.  Davis. 

1885. 

President,  L.  E.  Baker. 

Vice-President,  William  Law. 

Nathan  Moses. 

Bowman  Corning. 

John  K.  Ryerson. 

John  Murphy. 

Thomas  B.  Dane. 

Oscar  Davison. 

Lyman  E.  Cann. 

H.  G.  Parish  3d. 


Secretary  and  Treasurer  (iS6o-iSSo),  G.  Joseph  Parish. 
Secretary  and  Treasurer  (1SS1-1SS6),  Nathan  MoseS. 


ABBOTSFORD    AND   OTHER    FUNDS.' 

1833.  —  A  subscription  was  opened  in  Yarmouth  in  aid  of  the  fund 
then  being  raised  througliout  both  continents  to  repurchase  for  the  family 
of  Sir  Walter  Scott  the  beautiful  estate  of  Abbotsford,  involved  in  the 

'  Appendix  U. 


36o 


ABBOTSFORD  AXD   OTHER  FUNDS. 


failure  of  an  I  '  .ibiirr^h  publishing-house  to  which  Sir  Walter  had  loaned 
;^i 0,000  procured  tlirough  a  mortgage  upon  his  Abbotsford  property. 
The  amount  subscrii.cd  in  Yarmouth  has  not  been  ascertained. 

1846.  —  A  meeting  was  helil  at  the  Court  House, — John  Bingay, 
sheriff,  in  the  chair,  —  and  measures  were  taken  in  aid  of  the  sufferers 
by  a  recent  devastating  conflagration  at  St.  John's,  Newfoundland.  The 
sum  of  ^183/2/9  was  sent  from  Yarmouth. 

1855. — Joseph  Shaw,  sheriff,  summoned  the  people  to  the  Court 
House  to  devise  measures  in  aid  of  the  "  Patriotic  Fund,"  to  be  devoted 
to  the  families  of  soldiers  and  sailors  who  might  fall  in  the  Crimean  War. 
^^299/4/6  were  forwarded  from  Yarmouth,  of  which  £^t^i  formed  a 
special  contribution  by  the  ladies. 

1863.  —  A  letter  from  Lord  Derby  to  E.  W.  B.  Moody,  dated  July  6, 
1863,  acknowledged  the  receipt  of  ^^280  sterling,  subscribed  in  Yarmouth 
to  the  fund  for  the  Lancashire  operatives  thrown  out  of  employment 
through  the  scarcity  of  cotton  caused  by  the  blockade  of  the  Southern 
seaports  of  the  United  States.  The  following  were  the  subscribers  to  the 
Lancashire  fund :  — 


Thomas  Killam 5ioo  00 

Samuel  Killam 100  00 

Ryerson,  Moses,  &  Co 60  00 

E.  W.  B.  Moody 50  00 

James  Murray 50  00 

George  Killam 50  00 

George  S.  Brown 50  cxi 

N.  K.  Clements 50  00 

Young  &  Baker 50  00 

Joseph  Shaw 40  00 

John  \V.  Lovitt 40  00 

G.  J.  Parish 32  00 

W.  H.  Moody  &  Son     ....  30  00 

A.  C.  Robbins 20  00 

Lyman  Cann 20  00 

Stayley  Brcwn 20  00 

Andrew  Lovitt 20  00 

W.  K.  Dudrn;>n 20  00 

John  Flint        12  00 

Dennis  Horton 12  00 

Aaroti  Goudey 10  00 

James  McNutt 10  00 

J.  G.  Dallinger 10  00 

William  Burrill  &  Co.  .     !    .     .  10  cxd 


Joseph  Burrill f  10  00 

Thomas  M.  Lewis 8  00 

H.  A.  Grantham 8  00 

Nathan  Utley 6  00 

David  Cook 6  00 

G.  J.  Goudey 6  00 

Samuel  Brown 5  00 

Hugh  Cann 4  00 

Thomas  Allen 4  00 

Thomas  Allen,  jun 4  cx) 

Enos  Gardner 4  <jo 

Robert  Guest 4  00 

F.A.Webster 4  00 

\V.  H.  Gridley 4  00 

A.  F.  Stoneman 4  00 

Jonathan  Horton 4  00 

James  B.  Moody 4  00 

A.  C.  White 4  00 

Henry  Kenealy 4  00 

Gilbert  Sanderson 4  00 

Theodore  Churchill 4  00 

Thomas  E.  Moberly 4  00 

Thomas  A.  Geddes 4  00 

Robert  K.  Lonergan     ....  4  00 


INLAND  NAVIGATION  COMPANY. 


361 


C.  B.  Owen J4 

George  W.  Tooker 4 

Alexander  J.  Hood 4 

Benjamin  Rogers 4 

Dennis  Sullivan 

Joseph  H.  Stoneman .... 

Robert  Hrown 

Charles  Tooker 

James  E.  Clements    .... 

George  Christie 

Edward  Huestis 

Reuben  Clements     .... 

Thomas  B.  Dane 

Anonymous 

Charles  E.  Horton    .... 

Robert  Hunter 

John  R.  Corning 

J.  J.  Moody 

Freeman  Gardner      .... 
Alexander  S.  Murray    .    .     . 

James  C.  Parish 

John  Murray 

Samuel  Messenger    .... 

Gilbert  Allen 

James  A.  Sterritt 

Israel  Horton 

James  B.  Kinney 

Jacob  Smith 

Joseph  Stoneman      .... 

George  M.  Lewis 

William  Lewis 

George  Bingay 

Hemau  Gardner 

Anonymous 

James  E.  Suttie 

Richard  Huntington      .     .    . 
William  Churchill     .... 


00 
00 
00 

CO 

00 
00 
00 
00 
00 
00 
00 

~1 

00 ' 

I 
00  j 

00: 

00  1 

00 

00 

COj 

00  I 
00  I 

00  I 

I 
00 

00 

50 
50 

so 

00 

00 

00  ' 

00 

00  j 

00  ] 

00  ■ 

00 

00 

00 


William  Haley #2  00 

John  ( '.  Moulton 2  00 

George  H.  Lovitt 2  00 

Comfort  Haley 2  00 

John  Baxter 2  00 

L.  I).  Raymond 2  00 

George  W.  Johnson 2  00 

Dennis  Crosby i   50 

Robert  M.  Kelley i  50 

Nathan  Lewis i  00 

William  Caskey i  00 

J.  A.  Flint I  00 

B.  E.  Rogers i  00 

James  D.  Horton i  00 

James  Forster i  00 

G.  G.  Sanderson i  00 

N.  J.  B.  Tooker i  00 

Benjamin  Rogers,  jun i  00 

Henry  Lewis i  00 

Daniel  Gardner i  00 

Patrick  Kelley i  00 

Richard  Smith I  00 

Joseph  A.  Haley 1  00 

Robert  B.  Brown i  00 

N.  B.  Lewis i  00 

D.  B.  Brown i  00 

Benjamin  Crosby i  00 

Benjamin  Ellenwood     ....  i  00 

Daniel  C.  Kelley i  00 

Joseph  Challen i  00 

John  Cann i  00 

Small  contributions '3  92 

Baptist  Church  collection  ...  41  38 

Presbyterian  Church  collection  .  28  50 

Trinity  Church  collection  ...  52  27 


Total $1,280  57 


which,  with  sundry  donations  in  the  country  districts,  made  up  the  ;^28o 


sterling,  remitted  to  Lord  Derby. 


THE    INLAND    NAVIGATION    COMPANY. 

181 1. — The  Inland  Navigation  Company  was  incorporated  by  a 
special  Act  of  the  Legislature  in  181 1. 

The  purpose  of  the  company  may  be  gathered  from  the  preamble  to 
the  Act,  which  says,  "  Whereas  the  opening  a  communication  by  means 
of  locks  between  the  head  of  Cape  Fourchu  Harbor  and  Lake  George 


362 


MARINE  IXSURANCE   COMPANIES. 


through  the  several  intervening  lakes  would  be  of  great  service  to  the 
neighboring  settlers  ^nd  to  the  Province  in  general,  as  well  by  facilitating 
the  carriage  and  transportation  of  wood,  lumber,  and  other  heavy  arti- 
cles in  boats  or  by  rafts  from  the  •  interior  of  the  country  to  the  place  of 
shipment,  as  by  carrying  the  produce  of  the  sea-coast  to  the  inland 
settlers,  and  whereas,"  etc. 

This  seems  to  have  been  a  reasonable  project  when  it  is  remembered 
that  it  was  nearly  twenty  years  afterward  that  railroads  were  first  con- 
structed for  purposes  of  general  transportation  in  America  or  Europe. 
The  locks  at  Miltou  were  substantially  completed,  but  no  work  of  impor- 
tance was  done  at  Hebron  or  beyond  it.  Some  thirty  vessels  were  built 
upon  the  shores  of  the  lakes,  and  carried  through  to  the  harbor.  One 
vessel,  found  too  large  to  go  through  the  locks,  was  taken  out  at  William 
Robertson's  landing,  and  transported  over  the  "  Devil's-half-acre  "  to  the 
nearest  beach  below. 

The  stock  of  the  company  consisted  of  loo  shares,  and  the  capital 
was  limited  to  ;:^5,ooo.  The  following  are  the  names  of  the  stock- 
holders :  — 


Allen,  Nathaniel. 
Bond,  James. 
Bond,  Joseph  N. 
Butler,  Eleazer. 
Byrne,  Thomas. 
Cann,  Hugh. 
Crichton,  William. 
Crosby,  Ansel. 
'     asby,  Joshua, 
rosby,  Lemuel. 
Crosby,  Theophilus. 
Cuff,  Thomas. 
Dane,  Thomas. 
Fletcher,  Richard. 
Flint,  David. 
Huntington,  Miner. 


Jenkins,  James. 
Jenkins,  John. 
Killam,  Eliakim. 
Killam,  John,  sen. 
Killam,  John,  jun. 
Landers,  Anthony. 
Landers,  David. 
Landers,  Jabez. 
Landers,  Thorndyke. 
Marshall,  Samuel. 
Patch,  John. 
Patch,  Xehemiah. 
Patten,  Richard. 
Perry,  Cyrus. 
Perry,  Thomas. 
Phillips  John  T, 


Pitman,  lienjamin. 
Porter,  Nehemiah,  sen. 
Porter,  Nehemiah,  jun. 
Pyke,  John  W. 
Raymond,  John. 
Saunders,  Henry. 
Saunders,  Nathaniel. 
Sav.iders,  William. 
Scott,  Benjamin. 
Strickland,  Christopher. 
Strickland,  Jonathan. 
Tedford,  Jacob. 
Tooker,  Joseph. 
Trask,  John,  jun. 
Tremain,  Jonathan. 
Wilson,  Thomas. 


MARINE    n73URANCE    COMPANIES. 

i8og.  —  The  first  Marine  Insurance  Company  of  Yarmouth  was 
established  in  1809.  The  stock  consisted  of  75  shares  held  by  50 
shareholders  in  the  proportions  expressed  by  the  figures  before  their 
names. 


YARMOUTH  MARINE. 


363 


I. 

Bain,  Alexander,  jun. 

I. 

Hilton,  Henry. 

Poole,  Samuel  S. 

I. 

Baker,  Jonathan. 

3- 

Huston,  Robert. 

Prout,  John. 

2_ 

Baker,  Horace. 

1 

Jenkins,  James. 

Raymond,  John. 

I. 

Baker,  Nathan. 

I. 

Kelley,  Israel. 

Robbins,  Joseph. 

I. 

Beal,  Othnie!. 

I. 

Ktlley,  Jacob. 

Robbins,  Joseph,  jun. 

1 

Brown,  William. 

2. 

Kelley,  Robert. 

Rose,  Stephen. 

I. 

Churchill,  Ezra. 

'^  ^ 

Kelley,  Samuel. 

Saunders,  William. 

I. 

Clements,  Elkanah. 

I. 

Killam,  Jacob. 

Scott,  Benjamin. 

2. 

Clements,  Silas. 

2. 

Killam,  John,  jun. 

Shaw,  Zebina. 

I. 

Crosby,  Edward. 

0 

Landers,  Anthony. 

Shipley,  James. 

I. 

Crosby,  Lemuel. 

2. 

Lewis,  Waitstill. 

Smith,  Job. 

I. 

Crowell,  Thomas  W. 

s- 

Marshall,  Samuel. 

Strickland,  Christopher. 

2. 

Durkee,  Amasa. 

I. 

Patch,  Nehemiah. 

Tedford,  Jacob. 

I. 

Ellis,  Samuel. 

I. 

Perry,  Elisha. 

Tooker,  Joseph. 

2. 

Flint,  David. 

2. 

Perry,  Levi. 

Trask,  John,  jun. 

I. 

Harris,  William. 

2, 

Perry,  Thomas. 

Wilson,  Thomas. 

I. 

Hatfield,  Job. 

2. 

Poole,  Samuel. 

The  company  met  at  Job  Smith's  tavern,  on  July  i,  1809,  Samuel 
Marshall  chairman.  Joseph  Tooker,  John  Killam,  jun.,  Samuel  Mar- 
shall, Job  Hatfield,  Elkanah  Clements,  Samuel  Poole,  and  Robert  Hus- 
ton, were  chosen  directors.  ^Tiner  Huntington  was  appointed  broker, 
and  Samuel  Poole  surveyor. 

The  war  of  181 2  appears  to  have  terminated  the  existence  of  th'i 
company. 

YARMOUTH    MARINE    INSURANCE   ASSOCIATION. 

1837.  —  This  company  was  established  in  1837.  There  were  origi- 
nally So  shares  held  by  60  shareholders  in  the  following  proportions  :  — 


1.  Allen,  George. 

2.  Baker,  James. 

1.  Barnard,  Thomas. 

2.  Bingay,  John. 

2.  Bolton,  Thomas. 
2.  Bond,  George  W. 
2.  Bond,  Joseph  1' 

1.  Brown,  George  >^ . 

2.  Brown,  Stayley- 

1.  Butler,  Robert  D. 
I.  Cann,  John. 

1.  Churchill,  V/illiam. 

2.  Clements,  Reuben. 
I.  Cook,  Caleb. 

I.  Cook,  John. 


I.  Crosby,  Freeman. 
I.  Crosby,  Thomas. 
I.  Dane,  James  B. 

1.  Dennis,  Ambrose. 

2.  Durkee,  John. 
I.  Farish,  H.  G. 
I.  Flint,  Dsvid. 

I.  Flint,  Thomas. 
I.  Goudey,  George. 
I.  Guest,  Robert. 
I.  Haley,  Ebenezer. 

1.  Harris.  William. 

2.  Jenkins,  James. 

3.  Kelley,  Robert. 

2.  Killam,  Benjamin. 


3.  Killam,  John. 
2.  Killam,  Samuel. 
2.  Killam,  Th<imas. 
I.  Kinney,  Stephen  V. 
I.  Lewis,  Benjamin. 
I.  Lewis,  C.  and  W. 
I.  Lonergan,  E.  M. 
I.  Lovitt,  Israel. 
I.  Lo. itt,  John  W. 

1.  MacNutt,  James. 

2.  Moody,  E.  W.  B. 
I.  Moody,  Jane. 

1.  Moody,  John. 

2.  Moody,  W.  H. 

I.  Murray,  James,  sen. 


3^4 


YAIiMOiriH  MARINE. 


I.  Murray,  Jrihn. 

I.  Kcdrling,  F.  W. 

I.  ki'  liaii,  Klcazcr, 

I.  kobliinn,  Jf»se|)l). 


2,  Robert,  licnjariiin. 

I.  koj^CfH,  JflHCpll. 

I.  Kuii,  Saniiiel. 

I.  kydcr,  John. 


I.   kobcrtft'in, William,   r.  Stolt,  Amos  M. 


2.  Scott,  l,l>ciic/cr. 
r.  Tooker,  Jrrticph,  jun. 
I    Utlfy.  Nathati. 
I.   Wc-iton,  l-conard. 
I.  Willett,  Thoiriiui. 


The  sharchoMers  met  on  Marrh  K,  ,ifloi)tefl  a  •  cfxle  of  by-laws, 
elected  seven  directors, —  kol)crt  Kellcy,  f",.  W.  15.  Moody,  Thomas 
Killam,  Staylcy  I'.rown,  John  .Moody,  Oeorge  .Allen,  anrl  Khene/.cr  S^ott, — 
and  a  broker,  lieiijamin  Barnard.  The  dirc<  tors  chose  Xu\nix\.  Kclley 
for  their  president. 

'Hie  arnoimt  to  be  taken  on  any  one  bottom  was  limitefl  l(<  Xio""» 
and  the  risks  were  confined  to  pn)perty  or  interests  owned  in  the  County 
of  Yarmouth. 

In  1S40  the  number  of  shares  was  increased  to  100;  in  1852  to  150; 
-.id  in  1858  to  200  shares,  held  as  follows :  — 


fOIJR    SHARKS. 

Killam,  Thomas. 
I,ovitt,  John  W. 

THKKK   SHARKS. 

Allen,  George. 
IJolton,  Thonjas. 
Hrown,  Gerjrgc  S. 
lirown,  ficorge  W. 
Ooiiflcy,  Aaron. 
Killam,  ejeorgc. 
Moofly,  K.  W,  B. 
kycrson,  John  K. 
TowiiHctjci,  W.  M. 

TWO   SHAKES. 

Uond.  Joseph  I'. 
Ilond,  Norman  J. 
Brown,  Charles  K. 
IJrown,  kohcrt. 
iSurrill,  William,  sen. 
Churchill,  William. 
Clements,  kt'ubcn. 
Crosby,  Nchcmiah. 
Dane,  Thomafi. 
Diidman,  W.  K. 
Diirkec,  Amasa. 
EDenwood,  lien  jam  in. 


F'arish,  (/.  J, 
Farinh,  Janics  C. 
Flint,  John. 
{Joudcy,  O.  J, 
Goudcy,  n.  T. 
Guest,  kobcrt. 
Ilatfidd,  J.  V.  ,V. 
Ilorlon,  fJennis. 
Moofly,  W.  I(.,scn. 
Moses,  N.'ithan. 
Murray,  James, 
kaymond,  Ira. 
Robbins,  Abel  C 
kobljins,  Chandler. 
Kobliins,  I.emiiel. 
kogcrs,  Hcnjamin,  jun. 
Kf)^',crs,  Jf>scph. 
kyerson,  (ieorgc, 
kycrgon,  .S.  M. 
Sanderson,  c;ill)crt. 
Shaw,  Joseph. 
•Stoncman,  Joseph,  sen. 
Utiey,  Nathan,  jun. 

ONK  SHARP.. 

Allen,  Gilbert. 
Allen,  Lewis. 
Allen,  Thomas. 
Haker,  I,.  E. 


Hrown,  Ilcnj.imin, 
I'rown,  Samuel. 
iJrown,  Staylcy. 
Hrown,  Thf>m;is  I). 
Iturrill,  Joseph. 
Cann,  John. 

Churchill,  Nathaniel,  sen. 
Churthill,  Nathaniel,  jun. 
Clements,  N.  K. 
Cook,  I);!vid. 
Cook,  John. 
Crawley,  Jrihn,  sen. 
Crawley,  John,  jun. 
Crawley,  W.  k. 
Oockcr,  l)anie|, 
*  rocker,  kowlanfl  1 1. 
Crosby,  I  »ennis. 
Crosby,  kichard  T. 
f.irosby,  Wallace. 
Currier,  William. 
I).ine,  Thomas  II. 
iJurken,  John. 
Fait,  Joseph. 
Fleet,  Hcnj.trnin  I). 
Flint,  SaniMcl,  sen. 
Gardner,  Enos, 
Gardner,  Nathaniel. 
Gcddcs,  Th'imas  <). 
Go  wen,  iJavid. 


YAKMoUl II   MAh'liXK. 


365 


Maley,  (Comfort. 
Italry.  Jolin  H. 
Haley,  Josf|)h  O. 
Haley,  William. 
llalfieUI,  I-.l.  I.. 
Ilaldcld,  VV.  J, 
Halfiflfl,  William,  jiiri. 
Mernc'iri,  J'llm. 
Ililt'iii,  John. 
Hilt'in,  'I'honia'*. 
Motiicr,  A.  W. 
Ilorton,  Charles  K. 
Il'jrloii,  Isra<-1. 
HiicHti^,  Kdwarfl. 
MucHtiN,  William  V,. 
Hunter,  H'»l)crt. 
Jenkins,  VV.  H. 
Kclley,  Kflgar  K. 
Kellcy,  Israel. 
Kclley,  John  D. 
Kellcy,  .Silas  C. 


Kinney,  Jarnet  H. 
I.awHon,  Alrxanflci. 
Lewis,  Nathan. 
I,ewls,  Sheldon. 
I/CwIh,  'Ihonia't  M. 
I^cwiH,  William. 
I.oviti,  Aiulrew. 
I.oviit,  Joseph  1'. 
MarManiiH,  Hugh. 
Moody,  James  H. 

Moofly,  Jr)lin  W. 

Moody,  W.  H.,  jiin. 
Moiilton,  ficor^c  K. 
Moidlon,  John  '  . 
Murphy,  licnjarnin. 
Miirjiliy,  John. 
Owen,  Charles  j!. 
I'orier,  Horace  I'.. 
Porter,  l,f'(>n. 
Rcddiui^,  ficoigc  H. 
K'llihihs,  Ansel. 


koMiins,  A»a. 
koMiins,  Fra. 
koM>inM,  William  S. 
kol>erfHon,  William. 
ko^cfH,  I'.enjaniin,  sen. 
koj{cr'-    ■■■'illiam. 

Scott,  ,\i.ir)S   Ft. 
.Sims,  I<ol)ert. 
Smith,  Ccorge  l<. 
Smith,  Jol). 
Stoncman,  Joseph    Ft. 
'looker,  ('liarlcs. 
'F'ookcr,  Ceotge  W. 
Tooker,  Jtjseph. 
'I'ooker,  Thomas  li. 
L'tley,  Xalhan,  sen. 
Wch,tcr,  F.  A. 
Weston,  F.eonard, 
Weston,  N'afhan. 
N'oung,  John. 


1.S40. 

Robert   Kellcy. 
!•;.  W.  I!.  Moody. 
I'lliene/er  Scott. 
•Staylcy  Ilrown. 
John  Moodv. 
CeorKe  Allen. 
Thomas  Killam. 
John  I'innay. 
lienjamin  F<ogcrs. 

1850. 

K.  W.  V,.  Mor,dy. 
Thomas  Killam. 
Henjamin  koj^cru. 


DIRECTORS. 

Joseph  l!.  Ilond. 
keiihen  '  lenients. 
Ainasa  l>iirkee. 
Joseph  Shaw. 

K.  W.  I!.  Moody. 
Fienjainin  koj^crs. 
Joseph  Shaw. 
John  W.  I/>vilt. 
William  II.  Moody,  sen. 
George  Killam. 
Al>€l  <  .  Kol)l)ins. 

1870. 


William  II.  Moody,  !ien. 
.Nathan  I'ttcy. 
John  W.  Moo(|y. 
I  »ennis  FForifJJi. 
l.oraii  I'.,  liaker. 
S.  M.  kyerson. 

iSHo. 

John  W.  Mofjdy. 
lyoran  V..  iiaker. 
A.  F.  Stoneman. 
John  Mui|)hy. 
Frank  Killam. 
Ocorpe  FI.  f fucsl. 


I'.enjaniin  Kogers. 
liriiktr  (1837-1840;,  lienjamin  I'.arnard. 
"       (1846^  t874),  JamcH  .Murray. 
"       (1874-1883),  Stephen  li.  Murray. 

In  1S47  the  company  rftiirncl  to  tlic  (jri,i.;iii;il  fiuinl>cr  of  seven 
directors,  at  which  it  ruiitinued  until  1H77,  when  it  was  rethiced  to  six. 
S(jnu;  of  the  directors  h.id  k>ng  lortT>s  of  service. 

K.  W.  IJ.  Mo«Kly,  25  years,  1H37-1862,  excepting  1854.     Mr.  Moody  <lied  1863. 
benjamin  Kogcrs, 32  year*,  183H-1872,  excepting  1857,  1858,  1859.     ,Mi.  Rogers 
died  1884. 


3^/-) 


ACADIAN. 


Tlioina*  Killam,  22  years,  1H37-1H57  and  r862.     Mr.  Killam  died  186S. 
Kciil^n    Clements,  J)  yearn,   1H43-1H66,  excepting    iSrx).     Mr.  Clements  dic<l 


186X. 


William    H.   Mooriy,  sen.,   17    ycarH,    1S57-1.S72    and    184'j.     Mr.    Moody    died 

i»7.5- 

John  W.  Moody,  22  years,  1862-1S83  inclunivc. 
I.oran  l'„  Hakcr,  17  years,  1867-18X3  inclusive. 
Capt.  kol)ert  Kellcy  died  184.4. 
<'apt.  Joseph  Shaw  died    iH7r. 

The  business  of  this  company  was  brought  to  rt  riosc,  in   1883,  with 
a  net  profit  of  ^206,171. 


THE    ACADIAN    INSURANCE:    COMPANY. 

1858. —  I'he  Acadian  Insiiranrx-  (.'ompany  was  established  in  Mardi, 
1858.  '("tie  stock  consisted  f)f  150  shares,  and  tlie  business  throughout 
was  managed  by  a  board  of  seven  directors.  'I'he  shareholders  in  i86f) 
were,  — 


ioi;k  sharks. 

lirown,  Cforgc  .S. 
I)urkec,  Arnasa. 
Townvicnd,  VV.  H. 

Illkl  K   MtAKKS. 

(ioiidcy,  Aaron. 
I.ovitt,  Andrew. 
I,ovitt,  John  \V. 
Moody,  W.  Jf.,  Hcn. 
Kohbinn,  A  J)cl  C. 
Kycrson,  John  K. 
Kyerson,  S    M. 
Young,  John. 

TWO  SHARES. 

Allen,  Ccorge. 
Allen,  Thomas,  jun. 
liakcr,  I.oran  K. 
liond,  Joseph  I!, 
lirown,  Ci^orge  W. 
Urown,  Robc.t. 
Carlisle,  I.ydia. 
Cronhy,  Dennis. 
Dudrnan,  W.  K. 
Ellenwood,  iJcnjamin. 


Parish,  C  J. 
Farish,  James  C. 
Flint,  John. 
I  torton,  l)(!niiis. 
Hunter,  Kobcrt. 
Killam,  (icorgc. 
Killam,  'I  hoinas. 
Moody,  v..  W.  H. 
Raymond,  Ira. 
I<ol»frtsoii,  William. 
Rogers,  William. 
Kycrson,  George. 
.Stonciiiaii,  Joseph  15. 
Townsend,  W.  15. 

ONK   SflAKK. 

Dain,  Samuel  S, 
llaxter,  John. 
Ueular,  Jf)hn. 
Holtnii,  Thomas. 
Urown,  Charles  E. 
Urown,  Jrisrph  J. 
IJrown,  Samuel, 
lirown,  Th<;mas  I). 
Hurrill,  Henry. 
Hurrill,  Joseph. 
Hurrill,  William,  sen. 


Cann,  Hugjj. 
(Churchill,   Theodore. 
Churchill,  William. 
Cl<-rnents,   Rculxrn. 
Cook,  Eno!.. 
<'rosby.  Freeman. 
Cfoshy,  Neticmiah. 
I)ane,  TIioiiia.s  I'. 
Durkcc,  (ieorge  C. 
Fleet,  r.'iijarnin  D. 
Flint,  Samuel,  sen. 
Gardner,  Ivnos. 
(lardner,  Nathaniel. 
Gcddcs,  Thomas  O. 
Goudcy,  II.  'I". 
( iiicst,  Robert, 
liamrnotirl,  .Nelson. 
Matheld,  J.  V.  N. 
Ili'ioii,  ISenjaiiiin. 
I  Iutc:liiiison,  J.  T. 
Killam,  llenjamiji,  j.in. 
Lewis,  Nathan. 
Lewis,  Thomas  M. 
MatManiis,  Hugh. 
Moody,  John  VV. 
Moses,  Nathan. 
Murphy,  iJenjamin. 


ACADIAN. 


3^'7 


Murphy,  John, 
Murray,  James,  jun. 
Murray,  Jolm. 
Owen,  Charlcd  \\. 
I'inkticy,  Oillicrt. 
kcdiliiig,  (icorne  II. 
Hirhardft,  I'nvid. 
KoliliiiiM,  AriHcl. 
I<')l)l)iii'*,  Ira. 
KobbiiiH,  I/rtiiiicl. 


iKfe. 

f  Jcorc.c  S.  Itrowii. 
Willi.im  Roger**. 
A. iron  fJiiiidcy. 
'IhomaH   K  illam,  nen. 
Atr);iHa  Oiirkec. 
\V.  II.  Townscnd. 
William  KotjcrtHiiti. 

1S65. 

(ieorgc  S.  Brown. 
William   Rogers. 
Aaron  fJfjudcy. 
William  Robertson. 


R<»bbiim,  William  .S. 
Rogers,  Itinj.imiri. 
Rowley,  J.  W.  I.'. 
Ryctfion,  Loin. 
S.indcrMon,  (iillicrt. 
.Servant,  Zrbulon. 
Sceley,  JoHcph. 
Shaw,   Joseph. 
Stoncmaii,  A.  F. 

DIRECTORS. 

Charlcfi  Tookcr. 
.Vatlian  Mosch. 
lienjamin  Murphy. 

1870. 

George  S.  Ilrown. 
William  Rrjgeri*. 
Aar')ii  Goiidcy. 
'  harlcs  'I'ooker. 
Nathan  Moses, 
r.ciijainin  Murphy. 
A.  I''.  Stoncman. 

1875. 

Cieorgc  S.  lirown. 


Stri<:kland,  Robert. 
Sullivan,  iJennis. 
Tookir,  (  harles. 
Tooker,  George  W. 
Tooker,  John. 
Uticy,  NalJian. 
While,  Atjdrcw  G'. 
Wyrnan,  f  alvin. 
Wyman,  James  W. 


Aaioti  (Joudcy. 
(,'harles  'looker. 
.N'alhan  Moses, 
lienjamin  .Murphy, 
/cbina  Goiidcy. 
Thomas  M.  Lewis. 

iSSo. 

Aaion  Gondcy. 
Nathan  .Moses. 
Henj.iiniTi  Miirpliy. 
/,el)iii.i  Gourlcy. 
William  r.urrill,  jun 
J.iincH  I''.  Si  oil. 
John  (J.  Anderson. 


Ilroker  (iH5H-fH7r,),  Thomas  V.  I!,  liingay. 
"      (1.S76-1HH1),  George  I'.ingay. 

G(!or;.^f  S.  I'.rown,  t'j  years,  i.S5'i-iH7')  inclusive. 

William  Rogers,  13  years,  1H5H-1870  inclusive.     Mr.  Rogers  died  1875. 
Aaron   Goudcy,   21    years,   1858-1879   in'lusivc,  excepting    1859.     Mr.  Gondcy 
died  1883. 

(JharlcB  Tooker,  15  years,  18C1-1875  inclusive.     .Mr.  Tfjoljcr  died  1876. 
Nathan  Moses,  21  yearn,  1861-1881  incluHive.     Mr.  Mosch  died  1887, 
Benjamin  Murphy,  19  years,  1862- r88o  inclusive. 
/,(,-bina  Goiidey,  10  years,  1S71  -iHSo  inclusive.     Mr.  fJoudcy  died  1887. 


'Ilie  Ac.Klian  Insurance  (,'otn|).iny  dosed  their  business  in  «88i  willi 
a  net  profit  of  $107,061. 


sos 


CO.\tMERCIAL. 


THE    COMMERCIAL    INSURANCE    COMPANY. 

i86i. — 'Ihc  Coiiunercial  Insurance  Comijaiiy  was  established  in 
March,  1861,  with  150  shares  and  a  board  of  seven  directors.  The 
following  is  a  list  of  the  original  shareholders  :  — 


SIX    SHARKS. 

Lovitt,  Andrew. 

KIVI.    SHARKS. 

lirown,  C'.eorge  S. 
(Joudcy,  A.iron. 
Lovitf,  John  W. 
Robbins,  Abel  C. 

FOUR    SHARKS. 

I)udinan,  W.  K. 

THREK   SHARES. 

ISaker,  l.orati  K. 
Kcllcy,  D.iiiicl  C. 
J.cvvis,  'I'hiini.'is  ,M. 
Moses,  Nathan. 
Ryerson,  John  K. 
Shaw,  Joscpli. 
Stoneman,  A.  F. 
t'tley,  .\athan. 
Voung,  John. 

TW<J    SHAKES. 

I'.rown,  Charles  E. 
Hrown,  kobcft,  sen. 
(!ann,  Hugh. 
Dane,  Thomas  15. 
I)urkec,  .\niasa. 
Parish,  (i.  J. 
Flint,  John. 


1865. 

Abel  C.  Robl)ins. 
John  W.  Lovitt. 
Andrew  Lovitt. 
lienjamin  Killam,  jun. 
Rol)(.-rt  Guest. 
W.  K.  lJudrnan. 
Lyinan  Cann. 


Oridlcy,  W.  H. 
Morton,  nennix. 
Hunter,  Robert. 
Killam,  I'.enjaniin,  jun. 
Kill.'ini,  Thomas,  sen. 
Lovitt,  George  II. 
Lovitt,  John,  jim. 
Lovitt,  JoNcpli  1!. 
Lovitt,  William  I). 
Moody,  VV.  H.,  jun. 
Raymond,  Ira. 
Robcrts<jn,  William. 
Rogers,  lienjatnin. 
Rogers,  William. 
Ryerson,  George. 
Ryerson,  S.  M. 
Stoneman,  Josc|)h,  sen. 
Stonem.in,  Joseph  H. 
Townscnd,  W,  11. 

ONE   SHARE. 

Allen,  Thomas,  jun. 
Urown,  Joseph  J. 
Hrown.  Samuel, 
f  ain,  James. 
Cann,  1-yman,  3d. 
Churchill,  William. 
Crocker,  R.  IL 
Crosby,  iJennis. 
Crosby,  Freeman  S. 
Currier,  Wiliiani. 


DIRECTORS. 

1870. 

Abel  C.  Robbins. 
John  W.  I  (vitt. 
Andrew  Lovitt. 
W.  K.  Dudman. 
I.yman  (,'ann. 
Jonathan  Iforton. 
Joseph  R.  Kinney. 


I»iirkee,  George  G. 
(jardiicr,  F.nos. 
Gardner,  Freeman, 
(iuest,  Robert. 
Guest,  Thomas. 
Hilton,  Rciijamin. 
Horton,  Charles  E. 
Horton,  Jonathan. 
Horton,  .Smith. 
Killam,  George. 
Ladd,  liyron  !'. 
I^ewia,  Henry. 
Ix-wis,  Nathan. 
Lewis,  Sheldon, 
l/ovitt,  James  J. 
MatMuilcn,  Joseph. 
Moody,  Jame.H  1^. 
Moody,  W.  IL,  sen. 
Murphy,  lienj.imin. 
Murray,  James,  jun. 
Perry,  Edward  S. 
Porter,  Horace  1!. 
Porter,  .\orinan  S. 
Richan,  Eleazer. 
.Sterritt,  James  A. 
Tooker,  <  harles. 
Tooker,  George  W. 
Tooker,  (Jcorgc  W.  15. 
Townsend,  W.  15. 
Trask,  Asa  H. 
Wcddltton,  William. 


1875- 
Abel  C.  Robbing. 
Andrew  Lovitt. 
W.  K.  Dudman. 
Lym.in  ("aim. 
Jonathan  Horton. 
Nathaniel  Churchill. 
Thomas  M.  I^wis. 


ATLAATIC. 


3^'9 


1880. 


Joseph  n.  'ann.  Joseph  H.  Canii. 

Nathan  It.  I^cwis.  Nathan  H.  Lewis. 

Abel  C.  Robhin.1.  „  William  I),  Lovitt. 

W.  K.  Diidman.  ''*^5- 

I.yman  Canii.  Abel  C.  Rnbbins. 

l!iracl  [y.  Ifurrill.  I.yman  Cann. 

lhol;cr  (1861-1863),  Alexander  S.  Murray. 
(1865-1869),  Waitstill  I'atch. 
(1869-1873),  James  J.  Lovitt. 
"       ('''<73-'886),  George  G.  Sanderson. 

Aljel  C.  Robbins,  25  years,  1861-1885  inclusive. 

John  W.  Lovitt,  13  years,  i86i-t873  inclusive.     Mr.  J.  W.  Lovitt  viicd  in  r874. 
Andrew  f-ovilt,  \-]  years,  1861-1877  inclusive.     Mr.  A.  Lovitt  died  in  1883. 
William  K.  I.'iidman,  21  years,  1X61-1881  inclusive.     .Mr.  Dudman  died  in  1883. 
Lyman  ("ann,  21  years,  1865   1S85  inclusive. 

Toward  the  end  of  18X5  the  Commercial  Insurance  C'ompany 
decided  to  close  tlieir  business.  An  account  for  the  twenty  years 
ending  Dec.  31,  rK.So,  shows  a  net  profit  of  i>^*)\,^)y),  •'!  result  not 
materially  changed  by  the  operations  of  the  succeeding  years. 


1865. 


THP:    ATLANTIC    INSURANCE    COMPANY. 
—  '['he  Atlantic  Insurance  Company  was  established  Feb.  t8, 


1865,  with   150  shares  and  a  board  of  seven  directors.     The  following 
were  the  original  shareholders  :  — 


Allen,  Thoma.s,  jim. 
liakcr,  Loran  E. 
Hlcthen,  Nathan  VV. 
iJond,  Joseph  I'. 
Brown,  Charles  K. 
Urown,  George  S. 
iJrown,  Robert,  sen. 
Brown,  Samuel. 
Burrill,  William, 
liurrill,  William,  jun. 
Cann,  Hugh. 
Cann,  William  A. 
f^ann,  Lyman. 
Clements,  N.  K. 
Corning,  Howman. 
Deniii.s,  P'reeman. 
1  )oane,  George  B. 
Dudman,  VV.  K. 
Durkce,  Amasa. 
Durkce,  George  G. 


Farish,  G.  J. 
Parish,  James  C. 
Gardner,  Knos. 
(joiidey,  Aaron. 
Gridlcy,  W.  11. 
Guest,  Robert. 
Guest,  Thomas. 
Hatfield,  J.  V.  N. 
Killam,  lienjamin,  jun. 
Killam,  .Samuel,  sen. 
Killam,  Thomas,  sen. 
Lrtvitt,  George  II. 
Lovitt,  James  J. 
Lovitt,  John  W. 
Moody,  W.  II.,  sen. 
Moses,  Nathan. 
Murphy,  Ilenj.imin. 
Murray,  James,  jun. 
Perry,  Kdward  S. 
Perry,  Thomxs. 


Porter,  Horace  B. 
Richards,  David. 
Richards,  Henry  K. 
Robbins,  Abel  C. 
Rogers,  Benjamin. 
Rogers,  William. 
Ryerson,  George. 
Rycrson,  Jf)hn  K. 
Ryerson,  .S.  M. 
.Shaw,  Joseph. 
Shaw,  Joscj.h,  jun. 
Tooker,  Charles. 
Tookcr,  George  W. 
Town8(-nd,  W.  li. 
Townsend,  W.  II. 
Utley,  Nathan. 
Weddl'ton,  William. 
Voung,  John, 


370 


PACIFfC. 


1865. 

George  B.  Doane. 
John  K.  Rycrson. 
Bowman  Corning. 
Hugh  Cann. 
Samuel  Hrown. 
N.  K.  Clements. 
John  Young. 

1870. 
George  B.  Doane. 


DIRECTORS. 

John  K.  Ryerson. 
ISowman  Corning. 
Hugh  Cann. 
.Samuel  Hrown. 
George  H.  Lovitt. 
John  H.  Killam. 

>S7S- 
George  11.  Doane. 
John  K.  Ryerson. 
Bowman  ('orning. 
Hugh  Cann. 
Broker  (1865-1881),  John  Kil'am. 


George  H.  l,ovitt. 
John  H.  Killam. 
Benjamin  Killam. 

1880. 

George  B.  Doane. 
John  K.  Ryerson. 
Bowman  Corning. 
Hugh  Cann. 
George  IT.  Lovitt. 
John  H.  Killam. 
Benjamin  Hilton. 


The  Atlantic  Insurance  Company  closed  their  business  at  the  end  of 
the  sixteenth  year,  February,  1881,  with  a  net  profit  of  5117,376. 


THE    PACIFIC    INSURANCE    COMPANY. 

1870. — The  Pacific  Insurance  Company  was  established  Feb.  19, 
1870,  with  200  shares  and  a  board  of  s^ven  directors.  The  following 
were  the  original  shareholders  :  — 


SIX   SHARES. 

Doane,  George  B. 

FIVE  SHARES. 

fiaker,  Loran  E. 
Goudey,  Aaron. 
Killam,  Benjamin. 
Ryerson,  John  K. 
Ryerson,  S.  M. 

FOUR    SH.\RES. 

Dennis,  Freeman. 
Dudman,  \V.  K. 
Parish,  G.  J. 
Parish,  James  C. 
Moody,  W.  H.,  sen. 

THREE   SHARES. 

Blethen,  N.  W. 
Clements,  N.  K. 
Flint,  John. 
Horton,  Dennis. 


Killam,  Thomas,  jun. 
Lewis,  Nathan  B. 
Lewis,  Thomas  M. 
Lovitt,  William  D. 
Moses,  Nathan. 
Robbins,  A.  C. 
Stoncman,  A.  F. 
Townsend,  \V.  H. 
Utley,  Nathan. 

TWO    SHARES. 

Allen,  Gilbert. 
Allen,  James  G. 
Brown,  Charles  E. 
Crosby,  Dennis. 
Crosby,  George. 
Crosby,  John  R. 
Crosby,  William. 
Currier,  William. 
Goudey,  Zebina. 
Hatfield,  James  A. 
Hatfield,  J.  Lyon. 
Hatfield,  S.  J. 


Hilton,  Benjamin. 
Horton,  Charles  F,. 
Horton,  Jonathan. 
Killam,  Frank. 
Killam,  John. 
Killam,  John  H. 
Killam,  Samuel. 
Lewis,  Sheldon. 
Lovitt,  John,  jun. 
Moody,  John  W. 
Moody,  Thomas  C. 
Moody,  W.  H.,  jun. 
Murray,  James. 
I'erry,  Edward  S. 
Rogers,  William. 
Scott,  James  F. 
Young,  John. 

ONE  SHARE. 

All'.n,  Thomas. 
Brown,  George  S. 
Brown,  Joseph  J. 
Brown,  Samuel. 


ORIENTAL. 


371 


liurrill,  James. 
Hurrill,  William,  juii. 
Cain,  William. 
Cann,  Hugh. 
Cann,  Joseph  H. 
Cann,  Lyman. 
Cann,  William  A. 
Churchill,  Xathaniel. 
Cook,  Francis  G. 
Cook,  William  H. 
CorninK,  John  R. 
Crocker,  k.  H. 
Crosby,  Amos. 
Crosby,  Josiah. 
Davis,  James  M. 
Dodds,  Charles. 


Durkee,  Prince  W. 
Gardner,  Freeman. 
Guest,  Thomas. 
Hatticld,  Abram  M. 
Hatfield,  Forman. 
Hatfield,  W.  J. 
Horton,  Israel. 
Horton,  Smith. 
Jolly,  Thomas  R. 
Kelley,  Thomas  E. 
Kinney,  Josei)h  R. 
I-ewis,  ll>  iiry. 
Lewis,  James. 
Lewis,  Nathan. 
Lovitt,  Andrew. 
Lovitt,  George  H. 


Lovitt,  James  J. 
Lovitt,  John  W. 
MacGill,  William. 
Millar,  D.ilhoiisie. 
Murjihy,  Benjamin. 
Murphy,  John. 
Perry,  Thomas. 
Porter,  George  H. 
Richan,  Kleazer. 
Richards,  H.  K. 
Rogers,  Benjamin. 
Ryersoi),  George. 
Sanderson,  George  G. 
Scott,  Ebenezer. 
Smith,  George  R. 
Trefry,  George  K. 


The  directors  were  Thomas  Killam,  jun.,  William  I ).  Lovitt,  Freeman 
Dennis,  William  H.  Moody,  jim.,  John  Young,  John  Lovitt,  jun.,  and 
Nathan  15.  Lewis.  John  Young  retired  in  1875,  '^"''  William  A,  Cann 
was  elected  to  the  vacancy.  There  were  no  other  changes  in  the  direct- 
ory from  1870  to  1880  inclusive,  and  William  A.  Chase  was  broker. 
The  company  closed  their  business  at  the  end  of  the  eleventh  year  with 
a  profit  of  $61,906,  or  $309.53  per  share. 


THE    ORIENTAL    INSURANCE    COMPANY. 

1874.  —  The  Oriental  Insurance  Company  was  established  on  Jan.  i, 
1874,  with  300  shares  and  a  board  of  seven  directors.  Unlike  the  five 
other  companies,  which  had  no  paid-up  capital,  the  Oriental  began 
business  with  the  equivalent  of  $30,000  capital,  to  provide  promptly  for 
any  liabilities  that  might  accrue  in  excess  of  premiums  received.  The 
following  were  the  original  shareholders  :  — 


FIVE  SHARES. 

Baker,  Loran  E. 
Lovitt,  John  W. 

KOUR   SHARES. 

Blethen,  N.  W. 
Brown,  Charles  E. 
Davis,  James  M. 
Dudman,  W.  K. 
P^arisli,  James  C. 
Guest,  George  H. 


Guest,  Thomas. 
Law,  William. 
Lewis,  Henry. 
Lewis,  Thomas  M. 
Murphy,  John. 
Robbins,  A.  C. 
Rogers,  William. 
Stoneman,  A.  F. 

THREE   SHARES. 

Cann,  William  A. 
Corning,  John  R. 


Doane,  George  B. 
Ellenwood,  Benjamin. 
Goudey,  Aaron. 
Goudey,  Zebina. 
Haley,  William. 
Hatfield,  A.  M. 
Huntington,  Charles. 
Killam,  lienjauiin. 
Kihngy,  Joseph  R. 
Lewis,  N.  B. 
Lo  itt,  James  L 
Rogers,  Benjamin. 


372 


OK  I E  NT  A  L. 


Kyerson,  S.  M. 
'looker,  N.  J.  It. 
Willctt,  I,.  M. 

TWO  SHARKS. 

Anderson,  John  C. 
liingay,  Jacob  V.  B. 
Cain,  James. 
Cain,  William. 
Cann,  Hugh. 
Cann,  Joseph  H. 
Charteris,  K.  A. 
Churchill,  Nathaniel. 
Crosby,  George. 
Crosliy,  Joseph,  sen. 
Currier,  William. 
Daley,  J.  H. 
Dennis,  Freeman. 
Doty,  (jcrjrge  K. 
Eakins,  R.  S.,  jun. 
Evans,  Joseph  E. 
Karish,  i'l.  J. 
Flint,  Thomas  ]{. 
Hatfield,  George  A. 
Hatfield,  James  A. 
liatfic'  I,  John  V.  N. 
Hatfield,  .Samuel  J. 
Hatfield,  WiHiam  J. 
Hibbard,  John. 
Hibbard,  William. 
Killam,  John. 
Kinney,  I'earl  D. 
Ladd,  liyron  I'. 
Lewis,  Cieorge  M. 
Lewis,  .Sheldon. 
Lewis,  William  W. 
Levitt,  ficorge  H. 
Lovitt,  John,  jun. 
Moody,  John  W. 
Moody,  Thomas  C. 
Mooc'/,  W.  H. 
Moses,  Nathan. 
I'crry,  Thomas. 
Porter,  George  H. 
Rogers,  V>.  K. 
Rowley,  J.  W .  H. 


Ryerson,  John  K. 
•Sanderson,  Gill)ert. 
Schurman,  A.  H. 
Scott,  Klienezcr. 
Scovll,  Reuben. 
Spinney,  Kdgar  K. 
Tooker,  (ieorge  W.  I!. 
Trefry,  George  K. 
Utley,  Nathan. 
Webster,  J.  L.  R. 
Young,  John. 

ONK   SJIARE. 

Allen,  Amos  W. 
Allen,  Charles. 
Allen,  Kdward. 
Allen,  Gilbert. 
Allen,  James  G. 
Cain,  Ste|)hen. 
Caskey,  William. 
Crosby,  Ambrose. 
Crosby,  Amos. 
Crosby,  George  G. 
Crosby,  Harris  H. 
Crosby,  Richard  R. 
Crosby,  William. 
Dane,  Thomas  li. 
Davison,  Hlair. 
Davison,  Oscar. 
Dennis,  James. 
Dodds,  (!harles. 
Dudman,  (jeorgc  li. 
Eakins,  Arthur  W. 
Ellenwood,  Benjamin. 
Gardner,  Freeman. 
Geddes,  Thomas  O. 
Goudcy,  Joseph. 
ILdey,  Alvin. 
Haley,  John  H. 
Haley,  Josejih  O. 
Harding,  Smith. 
Harris,  J.  H. 
Hatfield,  Forman. 
Hatfield,  George  K. 
Hatfield,  Job. 
Hatfield,  Norman  li. 


Hines,  Benjamin. 
Hines,  Byron. 
Homer,  A.  C. 
Homer,  W.  B. 
Hood,  .Alexander  J. 
Hood,  (ieorge  A. 
Hurlburt,  Joseph. 
Jolly,  Thomas  R. 
Kellcy,  Daniel  C. 
Killam,  John  H. 
Kinney,  J.imcs  B. 
Landers,  Jacob. 
Lavers,  (ieor^c  E. 
Law,  liowman  B. 
LawsoM,  James. 
Lennox,  John. 
Lewis,  Josiah  B. 
Lewis,  .Vathan. 
Lovitt,  Edward. 
Lovitt,  Joseph  B. 
MacGill,  Charles  L. 
MacGill,  Oliver. 
MacGill,  William. 
Mildon,  Frederick. 
Moody,  James  B. 
Moses,  Frank. 
Mott,  John  P. 
Murphy,  lienjamin. 
Murphy,  Jtrcmiah. 
Parker,  Kdward. 
Parr,  H.  A. 
Pelton,  S.  H. 
I'erry,  Edward  S. 
Porter,  HoraceJB. 
Richards,  David. 
Robbins,  Ansel. 
Rose,  Robert  K. 
.Sanderson,  George  G. 
Scott,  James  F. 
Smith,  George. R. 
Steele,  Israel. 
Taylor,  (ieorge  S. 
Viets,  E.  M. 
Williams,  J'".dward  S. 
Wilson,  Frank  H. 
Wilson,  Israel  K. 


nosrox  maiuxe. 


373 


DIRECTORS. 

James  J.  Lovitt. 

Joseph  H.  Lovitt. 

1874. 

Abram  M.  Hatfield. 

Jacob  V.  H.  Uingay. 

William  Law. 
Jani-t  J.  I.ovitt. 

Henry  Lewis. 
Robert  Kllcnwood. 

1 88  J. 

James  M.  Davis. 

Joseph  li.  I»vitt. 

James  J.  Lf)vitt. 

Abram  M.  Hatfield. 

Jacob  V.  H.  Uingay. 

Henry  Lewis. 

John  K.  <  Orning. 
Henry  I.ewis. 

1880. 

Joseph  H.  Lovitt. 
Jacob  V.  IS.  Uingay. 

Robert  Ellenwood. 

William  Uw. 
James  J.  Lovitt. 

Thomas  Ferry. 

1877. 

Henry  Lewis. 

William  Law. 

Broker  ( i.S74-i,SS4),  Job  Hatfield, 

William  Law  retired  from  the  directory,  in  1881,  to  accept  a  Yarmouth 
agency  of  the  Uoston  Marine  Insurance  Coinpany. 

At  a  special  meeting  of  shareholders,  in  October,  1X83,  it  was  de- 
cided to  close  the  business  of  the  Oriental  Company  at  the  end  of  the 
tenth  year,  which  was  done  accordingly,  resulting  in  a  net  profit  on  the 
ten  years'  business  of  $49,880,  or  5166.26  per  share. 


THE    BOSTON    MARINE    INSURANCE    COMPANY. 

The  lioston  Marine  Insurance  Company  of  1 7  State  Street,  established 
an  agency  at  Yarmouth  in  1882,  with  William  Law  &  Co.  as  managers  ; 
and,  following  the  liberal  methods  and  i>rompt  payment  of  claims  which 
characterize  the  parent  company,  the  agency  at  once  met  the  well- 
deserved  po[)ularity  and  patronage  which  it  has  since  enjoyed.  The 
business  of  the  Yarmouth  agency  extend  throughout  the  Province,  and 
is  steadily  increasing ;  and  the  elegant  and  commodious  building,  which, 
at  a  cost  of  over  ;J!30,ooo,  the  company  have  erected  at  the  corner  of 
Main  and  Cliff  .Streets,  is  at  once  an  ornament  to  the  town,  an  apprecia- 
tion of  the  enterprise  of  the  Yarmouth  people,  and  a  liberal  expression 
of  the  company's  confidence  in  the  stability  and  permanence  of  their 
Yarmouth  agency. 

BANKS. 

1839.  —  The  Yarmouth  Agency  of  the  Bank  of  Nova  Scotia  was 
established  in  February,  1839,  under  the  joint  management  of  James 
Bond  and  Stayley  Brown.     Upon  Mr.  Brown's  retirement  in  1842,  Dr. 


374 


BANKS. 


Bond  remained  sole  manager  until  his  death,  in  1854,  when  his  son^ 
Norman  J.  Bond,  succeeded.  He  resigned  in  1858,  when  James  Mur- 
ray was  appointed  manager.  Mr.  Murray  conducted  the  Agency  until 
April,  1 88 1,  after  which  George  VV.  Daniel  held  the  position  for  a  year, 
and  in  May,  1882,  was  succeeded  by  the  present  incumbent,  J.  H. 
Lombard. 

THE  BANK   OF   YARMOUTH. 

1865. — The  Bank  of  Yarmouth  began  business  in  January,  1865. 
Capital,  $400,000. 

DIRECTORS. 


1865. 

W.  H.  Townsend,  President. 
Thomas  Killam. 
John  W.  Lovitt. 
Loraii  E.  Baker. 
Charles  E.  Brown. 

1866. 
John  W.  Lovitt,  President. 


Thomas  Killam. 
Loran  E.  Baker. 
Charles  E.  Brown. 
Abel  C.  Robbins. 

1S69. 

J.  W.  Lovitt,  President. 
Loran  E.  Baker. 
Charles  E.  Brown. 


Abel  C.  Robbins. 
Johr.  \V.  Moody. 

1875. 

L.  E.  Baker,  President. 

C.  E.  Brown,  Vice-President. 

Tohn  W.  Moody. 

Hugh  Cann. 

John  Lovitt. 


The  Board  remains  as  constituted  in  1875  : 


J.  W.  H.  Rowley,  Cashier 
Charles  Huntington,   " 
Thomas  W.  Johns,      " 
Bowman  B.  I  aw,  Teller  . 
William  E.  Perry.     " 


1865-1872. 
1872-1S75. 
1875-1886. 
.  .  1873. 
.     .     1875. 


ll.G.  Fxr\sh,jd  Accountant    .     .  1S73. 

F.  S.  Dunham,  Clerk 1874- 

W.  S.  Moody,     "        1874. 

W.  H.  Dodds,     "        18S2. 

Ousely  Rowley,  "        1S85. 


THE   EXCHANGE   BANK   OF   YARMOUTH. 

1869.  —  The  Exchange  Bank  of  Yarmouth  was  established  in  1869. 
Capital,  $400,000.  Paid-up  capital,  $350,000.  The  capital  of  this 
bank  has  been  reduced  to  $280,000. 


1S69. 

W.  H.  Townsend,  President. 

Benjamin  Killam.      1       

Joseph  R.  Kinney. 
Aaron  Goudey. 


DIRECTORS. 

George  B.  Doane.  Benjamin  Killam. 

A.  F.  Stoneman.  Aaron  Goudey. 

John  H.  Killam.  George  B.  Doane. 

_  _  o  A.  F.  Stoneman. 

'^74-  John  jj.  Killam. 

A.  C.  Robbins,  President.     William  D.  Lovitt. 


CALIFORNIA    EXPEDITIONS. 


375 


1879. 

A.  C.  Robbing,  President. 
Aaron  Goiidey. 
George  B.  Doane. 
A.  F.  Stonoman.  A 


John  H.  Killam. 
William  D.  Levitt. 
Lyman  Cann. 

1881. 


J.  H.  Killam,  Vice-President. 
William  D.  Lovitt. 
Lyman  Cann. 
Nathan  B.  Lewis. 


C.  Robbins,  President. 
Cashier  (from  1869),  Alexander  S.  Murray. 
Teller,  Thomas  V.  B.  Bingay,  jun. 


In  1880  the  number  of  directors  was  reduced  to  five,  and  the  board 
remains  as  constituted  in  1881. 

CALIFORNIA    EXPEDITIONS. 

1849.  —  Early  in  1849  the  California  gold-fever  reached  Yarmouth. 

In  the  latter  part  of  the  summer,  a  joint-stock  company  was  formed, 
who  bought  the  brigantine  Mary  Jane.  With  a  full  cargo,  consisting 
chiefly  of  house-building  materials,  the  brig  sailed  for  San  Francisco  on 
Nov.  22  with  the  following  persons  on  board,  all  stockholders  except  the 
cook,  and  arrived  there  all  well  on  May  25,  1850.  Fitz  W.  Redding, 
George  Stairs  Brown,  Adam  R.  Noble,  and  George  S.  Brown,  were  the 
other  stockholders  in  the  enterprise. 


James  Baker,  Master. 
William  Cook,  Mite. 
Ebenezer  Scott,  sen. 
Ebenezer  Haley. 
Thomas  O'Brien,  sen. 
Silas  Baker. 


John  Young. 
Benjamin  B.  Redding. 
Robert  Van  Norden. 
Freeman  Dennis. 
Benjamin  Killam,  jun. 
Charles  J.  Fox. 


William  S.  Whitten. 
George  W.  Brown. 
Waitstill  Baker. 
George  A.  Baker. 
Charles  Hilton. 
Robert  Hilton. 


William  H.  White,  Cook  and  Steward. 

On  Dec.  18,  1849,  the  brigantine  Zone  sailed  from  Yarmouth  for 
San  Francisco,  loaded  chiefly  with  building  materials  and  patent  gear 
for  a  saw-mill. 


STOCKHOLDERS. 

E.  W.  B.  Moody,  32  shares. 

George  W.  Bond,  12 

Norma  1  J.  Bond,  12       " 

John  W.  Moody,  6 

Dennis  Horton,  2       " 

64  shares. 


SHIP  S   COMPANY. 

George  W.  Bond,  Master. 
Henry  l^lilton,  Mate. 
Alfred  Van  Xorden. 
Levi  Wyman,  sen. 
Malachi  Haley. 
Jacob  Tooker, 
Norman  J.  Bingay. 
Charles  W.  Moody. 


3/6 


COMMERCIAL    WHARF  COMPANY. 


1850.  —  In  November,  1850,  the  schooner  Eagle  sailed  for  San 
Francisco  with  the  following  passengers  and  crew.  The  Eagle  passed 
through  the  Straits  of  Magellan. 


Calvin  Valpey,  Master. 
Joseph  H.  Cann. 
Samuel  Ellenwood. 
Jonathan  Moulton,  sen. 
Ezekiel  Moulton. 


Zebulon  Servant. 
Henry  Greggs  Williams. 
Robert  Williamson. 
James  Starr. 
Joseph  Muncey. 


Israel  Pitman. 
John  Churchill. 
Albert  Bath. 
Enos  Knowles. 
Augustus  White. 


1852. — On  Dec.  13,  1852,  the  brigantine  Brilliant,  owned  by  her 
master,  sailed  from  Yarmouth  for  Melbourne,  Australia. 


Thomas  V.  B.  Bingay,  Master. 
James  Moody,  Mate. 
George  S.  Fletcher,  Sailing-Master. 
Edwin  Wetmore,  Cook  and  Stvivard. 
William  Perry,  Assistant  Cook. 

CREW. 

George  A.  Wetmore. 
Jacob  Wetmore. 
Henry  Allen. 
William  Halstead. 
C. John  Bond. 
Richard  Fletcher. 


PASSENGERS. 

Mrs.  T.  V.  B.  Bingay. 
Elizabeth  Moody. 
Thomas  Bingay, 
Charles  Bingay. 
J.  W.  Bingay. 
George  Bingay. 
John  B., Bingay. 

Roberts. 

Mrs.  George  S.  Fletcher. 
Sarah  Fletcher. 
Laleah  Fletcher. 
Stephen  Fletcher. 
Ranald  Fletcher. 
Charlotte  Fletcher. 
Margaret  Fletcher. 


THE    COMMERCIAL   WHARF    COMPANY. 

1848.  —  The  Commercial  Wharf  Company  was  organized  in   1848, 

and  incorporated  March,  1850.     Capital,  ;^5,ooo,  with  ;j^2S  per  share 

paid   up.     The   stock   consisted   of    fifty   shares    owned    in    1850   as 

follows  :  — 

Durkee,  Prince. 
Goudey,  Thomas,  sen. 
Horton,  Dennis. 
Hunter,  Robert. 
Moody,  W.  H.,  sen. 
Moulton,  D.  D. 
Sanderson,  Gilbert. 


FOUR   SHARES. 

Ellenwood,  Benjamin. 

THREE   SHARES. 


Moody,  E.  W.  B. 
Utley,  Jacob,  jun. 


TWO    SHARES. 


Brown,  George  S. 
Crocker,  Rowland  H. 


ONE  SHARE. 

Bond,  Joseph  B.   '~ 
Clements,  Reuben. 


Forster,  James. 
Gardner,  Nathaniel. 
Goudey,  Aaron. 
Guest,  Robert. 
Heckman,  Henry. 
Horton,  Israel. 
Kelley,  Silas  C. 
Lewis,  Benjamin. 
Lewis,  Nathan. 
Lewis,  Sheldon. 
Perry,  John. 


ELZCi  MC  TELEGRAPH. 


377 


Redding,  Fitz  W. 
Smith,  John. 
Stoneman,  Joseph. 


Tooker,  Charles. 
Tooker,  Joseph,  jun. 
Utley,  Nathan. 

DIRECTORS. 


Webster,  F.  A. 
Weston,  Leonard. 
Weston,  Nathan. 


1850. 
E.  W.  B.  Moody,  President. 
Reuben  Clements. 
William  H.  Moody,  sen. 
Jacob  Utley,  jun. 
Benjamin  EUenwood. 

E.  W.  B.  Moody,  President. 
Reuben  Clements. 
Joseph  Stoneman. 
Benjamin  Rogers. 
Charles  Tooker. 


l86o. 
E.  W.  B.  Moody,  President. 
Reuben  Clements. 
Benjamin  Rogers. 
Charles  Tooker. 
Benjamin  EUenwood. 

1865. 
Aaron  Goudey,  President. 
Benjamin  Rogers. 
Charles  Tooker. 
Joseph  Stoneman. 
Israel  Horton. 


Secretary  and  Treasurer  (1848-1866),  W.  H.  Moody,  sen. 

In  1866  the  property  was  sold  to  Aaron  Goudey  and  Augustus  F. 
Stoneman. 

THE    MOODY,   BROWN,  &  CO.    COPARTNERSHIP. 

1852.  —  The  Moody,  Brown,  &  Co.  copartnership  was  formed  in 
N:  ember,  1852,  primarily  for  furnishing  outfits  for  the  fisheries,  with  the 
following  stockholders :  — 


Brown,  Robert,  sen. 
Butler,  Robert  D. 
Cook,  David. 
Crosby,  Isaiah,  jun. 
Crosby,  Nehemiah. 
EUenwood,  Benjamin. 
Goudey,  Aaron. 


Goudey,  George  J. 
Hemeon,  John. 
Holmes,  Samuel. 
Knowles,  Charles. 
Moody,  E.  Ny.  B. 
Robbins,  Ansel,  sen. 
Robbins,  Lemuel. 


Sanderson,  Gilbert. 
Scott,  Amos  II. 
Utley,  Nathan. 
Weston,  Leonard. 
Weston,  Walter  C. 
Wyman,  Lewis  L. 


This  company  leased  Commercial  Whatf,  and  built  the  inner  blocks 
of  warehouses  and  stores  afterward  occupied  by  Aaron  Goudey  &  Co. 


THE    ELECTRIC    TELEGRAPH. 

1852.  — The  Electric  Telegraph  Office  was  first  opened  in  Yarmouth 
on  June  8,  1852,  in  an  apartment  of  "The  Yarmouth  Herald"  estab- 
lishment in  "  Queen's  Row."  Alexander  Lawson  was  manager  from 
that  date  until  his  resignation  in  January,  [1883.  Sophia  Snow  suc- 
ceeded;  and,  in  October,  1884,  the  management  devolved  upon  Harriet 
Gunn,  assisted  more^recently  by  Beatrice  Elmsley. 


37^  STEAMSHJPS. 

STEAM    COMMUNICATION. 

1842.  — To  James  Whitney  of  St.  John,  N.B.,  Yarmouth  was  first 
indebted  for  regular  steam  communication  with  other  ports.  From  1842 
to  1845  his  small  steamers  Herald  and  Saxe-Gotha  plied  between  St. 
John,  Yarmouth,  Halifax,  and  intermediate  ports;  and  in  1845  Mr. 
Whitney  essayed  a  broader  venture  with  his  steamship  Xorih  America, 
which  made  a  few  trips  between  H.  lifax  and  Boston,  calling  at 
Yarmouth  each  way.  For  a  time  Capi.  Olivei  Haley  was  pilot  on 
Mr.  Whitney's  steamers. 

The  writer  remembers  once  standing  1  rward  near  Capt.  Haley,  who 
was  peering  through  the  fog  for  the  next  land-fall  after  leaving  Barring- 
ton,  and  at  length  discovered,  close  under  the  starboard  bow,  the  frown- 
ing face  of  the  "  Old  Woman,"  from  which  a  new  departure  was  taken 
for  Ellenwood's  Passage.  To  a  novice,  a  berth  in  the  fog  between  the 
"  Old  Woman  "  and  the  "  Old  Man  "  seemed  dangerous  quarters. 

Mr.  Whitney's  steamboat  enterprises,  like  others  that  have  suc- 
ceeded his,  were  a  great  public  convenience,  yet  not  pecuniarily 
remunerative  to  the  proprietor.  It  has  required  a  heavy  instalment  of 
public  spirit  to  bring  up  the  credit  side  of  the  account. 

STEAMSHIP   "EASTERN    STATE." 

1855. — The  Yarmouth  Steam-Navigation  Company,  organized 
early  in  this  year,  purchased  at  Philadelphia  for  twenty-five  thousand 
dollars,  about  one-half  her  original  cost,  the  steamship  Eastern  Siefe, 
three  hundred  and  eighty  tons  register,  built  in  185 1.  In  May,  1855, 
under  the  command  of  Capt.  Bowman  Corning,  she  was  placed  on  the 
route  between  Yarmouth  and  Boston,  and  continued  there  during  that 
season  and  a  part  of  1856,  making  weekly  trips.  Under  the  command 
of  Capt.  George  Killam,  she  was  then  placed  on  the  route  between 
Halifax  and  Boston,  making  ten-day  trips,  and  calling  at  Yarmouth  each 
way.  She  continued  on  this  route  till  tow\rd  the  end  of  1859,  when 
the  company  sold  the  steamer  to  Ryerson,  ^{oses,  &  Co.,  who,  soon  after 
the  beginning  of  the  Southern  rebellion,  sold  her  to  the  United-States 
Government  for  a  transport.  While  owned  at  Yarmouth,  the  Eastern 
State  was  commanded  successively  by  Capts;.  Bowman  Corning,  George 


EASTERN  STA  TE. 


379 


Killam,  Benjamin  Killam,  Amos  Crosby,  and  Tlieodore  Churchill.  The 
stock  of  the  Yarmouth  Steam- Navigation  Company  consisted  of  64 
shares,  originally  held  as  follows.  Par  value,  $440  per  share,  which 
covered  the  cost  of  the  Eastern  State  on  arrival  at  Yarmouth  with  cargo 
of  coal  brought  from  Philadelphia  :  — 


9- 

Thomas  Killam. 

2. 

Allen  &  Brown. 

Joseph  Shaw. 

4- 

John  W.  Lovitt. 

2. 

Aaro'i  Goudey. 

James  Murray,  jun. 

4- 

Thomas  Allen,  sen. 

2. 

Bowman  Corning. 

A.  C.  Robbins. 

4- 

Stayley  Brown. 

Andvew  Lovitt. 

Lyman  Cann,  sen. 

4- 

Samuel  Killam. 

Thomas  Dane. 

William  Robertson, 

4- 

W.  H.  Townsend. 

W.  K.  Dudman. 

John  Young. 

3- 

Nathan  Moses. 

George  S.  Brown. 

Thomas  Barnard. 

3- 

George  Killam. 

A'.'.  H.  Jenkins. 

N.  J.  Bond. 

3- 

E.  W.  r>.  Moody. 

C.  &  G.  'V.  Tooker. 

S.  M.  Ryerson. 

3. 

John  K.  Rye  1  son. 

Puestis  &  Moultoa. 

Gilbert  Sanderson. 

The  first  directors  were  Thomas  Killam,  John  ^Y,  Lovitt,  W.  H. 
Townsend,  Nathan  Moses,  and  Samuel  Killam.  In  1857  a  petition  for 
a  subsidy  was  favorably  entertained  by  the  Nova-Scotia  Legislature  ;  but 
at  the  request  of  the  Yarmouth  memberr,  three  of  whom  were  share- 
holders in  the  Eastern  State,  the  appropriation  was  very  properly 
diverted  to  the  establishment  of  a  fog-bell  at  the  lighthouse.  Ten  or 
twelve  years  later,  when  the  Canadian  Government  was  about  to  substi- 
tute a  fog-whistle,  some  volunteers  from  the  town  took  the  liberty  of 
relieving  the  Government  of  the  expense  of  removing  the  bell,  by 
bringing  it  from  Cape  Fourchu  to  Fire- Engine  Station  No.  3,  where  it 
still  remains. 

STEAMSHIP   "  DOMINION,"    ETC. 

For  nearly  fifty  years  our  merchants  and  the  travelling  public  have 
recognized  the  necessity  for  a  regular  and  frequent  packet  service 
between  Yarmouth  and  Boston. 

It  is  said  that  the  schooner  Freetown,  Capt.  Samuel  Stanwood,  sen., 
performed  the  first  regular  senice  between  the  two  ports.  Custom- 
House  regulations  were  not  so  strictly  enforced  in  Capt.  Stanwood's  day 
as  in  more  recent  times,  for  in  the  thirties  it  was  no  uncommon  occur- 
rence to  diminish  the  labors  of  the  customs  officers  by  landing  portions 
of  inward  cargo  before  reporting  at  the  Custom  House.  It  seemed  one 
part  of  the  mission  of  the  Freetown  to  demonstrate  that  her  name  fairly 


38o  DOMINION. 

described  our  port,  and  that/r<r<f  trade,  both  in  theory  and  practice,  was 
popular  with  our  importers  generally.  In  fine,  the  doctrine  seemed  in 
those  days  to  be  gaining  ground  that  commerce,  as  all  nature  teaches, 
should  be  free  as  the  air  we  breathe  ;  that  Custom  Houses  and  all  such 
restrictions  upon  the  freedom  of  exchange  should  be  banished  as  relics 
of  a  barbarous  age  ;  and  that,  as  governments  are  maintained  chiefly  for 
the  protection  of  property,  the  revenues  required  for  all  honest  purposes 
of  government  should  be  raised  by  direct  taxation  upon  the  owners  of 
property  in  proportion  to  the  value  of  their  respective  holdings  or 
possessions. 

While  it  would  take  too  much  space  to  enumerate  the  many  enter- 
prising ship-owners  and  ship-masters  who  at  different  periods  contributed 
to  the  improvement  of  the  packet  service  up  to  the  year  1855  when  the 
Eastern  State  took  possession  of  the  route,  mention  must  be  made  of 
Capt.  Theodore  Churchill,  who,  from  1840  to  1856,  in  the  schooners 
Mary  Ann  and  Oregon,  and  the  brigantine  Constitution,  built  expressly 
for  that  route,  kept  up  a  regular  communication  with  Boston  ;  and  who 
later  commanded  the  Eastern  State  and  the  schooners  Lydia  and  Forest 
Oak,  making  altogether  about  twenty-five  years  of  constant  service 
between  Yarmouth  and  Boston,  performed  with  such  safety  to  persons 
and  property  committed  to  his  care  as  entitle  him  to  be  ever  held  in 
grateful  recollection. 

Nor  is  it  possible  to  pass  over  Capt.  James  M.  Davis,  who  rose  by 
successive  steps  from  the  little  Boston  packet  Loyal,  of  1S61  to  the 
command  of  the  steamship  Dominion  ;  and  who,  equal  to  every  emer- 
gency, was  placed  in  charge  of  the  steamer  Alpha,  when,  in  1884,  her 
ownf  1-,  Samuel  Killam,  decided  to  establish  an  opposition  lin,;  upon  the 
Boston  route,  resulting,  as  might  have  been  expected,  in  an  early 
consolidation  of  the  two  lines. 

And  of  Capt.  Samuel  F.  Stanwood,  now  of  the  Alpha,  what  may  be 
said  ?  Only  this,  —  that  a  Capt.  Stanwood  in  whose  veins  flows  some  of 
the  best  blood  of  Yarmouth's  early  settlers,  —  of  the  Bains  and  Browns 
and  Perrys  and  Wymans,  —  inherits  all  the  qualities  which  make  up  the 
courageous,  skilful,  and  energetic  ship-master. 

As  before  intimated,  the  investment  in  the  Eastern  State  did  not 
prove  directly  remunerative  to  her  shareholders.     Yet  it  was  not  possible 


DOMIXION.  38 1 

for  Yarmouth,  after  enjoying  for  six  years  the  advantages  of  steamship 
communication  with  Boston,  to  be  long  content  with  sailing-packets 
alone.  Accordingly,  in  1865,  Capt.  Nehemiah  K.  Clements  organized 
the  Yarmouth  and  Boston  Steamship  Company,  and  purchased  in  New 
York  for  $65,000  the  steamship  I.inda,  now  better  known  as  the 
Dominion  ;  and  from  that  time  until  'lis  death  in  1880,  Capt.  Clements 
labored  with  energy  and  perseverance  beyond  all  praise  to  solve  the 
problem  of  successful  steam-navigation  between  Yarmouth  and  Boston. 

In  1869  the  Fishwick  line  of  steamers  was  established  between 
Yarmouth  and  Halifax  and  the  intermediate  ports. 

The  Dominion  having  become  temporarily  disabled,  Capt.  Clements 
purchased,  in  the  spring  of  1872,  a  controlling  interest  in  the  steamer 
Emperor  to  run  between  Yarmouth  and  Portland.  That  venture  proved 
disastrous  ;  for  on  May  26,  1872,  the  Emperor  ran  into  a  fog-bank  while 
on  her  way  to  Portland,  and  was  totally  wrecked  upon  a  ledge  near 
Matinicus,  off  the  inhospitable  coast  of  Maine.  The  passengers  and 
crew,  about  a  hundred  and  twenty  in  number,  passed  safely  through  a 
rough  sea  to  a  landing  upon  Matinicus  Rock. 

After  thorough  renovation  and  repair,  the  Dominion,  in  1873, — 
Capt.  Clements  having  meanwhile  become  sole  owner,  —  resumed  her 
place  upon  the  Boston  route,  wi.ere,  under  different  commande:s  and 
with  some  changes  of  ownership,  she  has  since  remained,  niak'r.jj  weekly 
trips  between  Yarmouth  and  Boston,  and  Yarmouth  and  St.  John. 

JL,atterly,  the  Dominion  has  been  greatly  improved,  both  in  appear- 
ance and  in  speed  ;  and  now  the  vessels  of  the  Yarmouth  steams'nip  line, 
comprising  the  Dominion,  Capt.  Robert  R.  Blauvelt ;  the  Alpha,  Capt. 
Samuel  F.  Stanwood,  running  between  Yarmouth,  Loston,  and  St.  John ; 
and  the  City  of  St.  yohn,  Capt.  Forbes^  in  the  place  of  the  Fishwick 
line  on  the  Halifax  route,  and  all  under  the  present  management  of 
Loran  E.  Baker,  —  are  making  their  trips  with  a  regularity  heretofore 
unequalled. 

Moreover,  it  is  now  announced  that  in  the  spring  of  1887,  a  steel 
steamship,  to  carry  four  thousand  barrels,  and  accommodate  three 
hundred  passengers,  now  building  on  the  Clyde,  will  be  placed  upon 
the  Boston  route  with  a  promise  of  making  the  passage  in  seventeen 
hours ;    and    then,   with   a   more   extensive   hotel   accommodation   in 


3S: 


MARINE  RAILWAY. 


Yarmouth,  a  completed  railway  between  Yarmouth  and  Annapolis,  .i 
renewal  of  the  Reciprocity  Treaty  of  1855  with  the  United  States,  and 
with  a  severance  of  the  union  of  Nova  Scotia  with  Canada,  the  hopes 
and  expectations  of  the  founders  of  the  Yarmouth  and  Boston  steam- 
ship lines  may  be  fully  realized.' 

THE    YARMOUTH    GAS-LIGHT    COMPANY. 

1863. — The  Yarmouth  Gas-Light  Company  was   organized   May, 
1863  ;  capital,  $36,000.     The  streets  were  first  lighted  by  gas  in  1S71. 


DIRECTORS. 


1S63. 

Samuel  Killam,  President. 
John  W.  I.ovitt. 
Nathan  Moses. 
George  Killam. 
George  S.  Brown. 
Horace  Barnes. 
Thomas  D.  Bixby. 


1S73. 

Samuel  Killam,  President, 

John  W.  Lovitt. 

Nathan  Moses. 

Hugh  Cann. 

John  W.  Moody. 

Loran  E.  Baker. 

John  Young. 

Secretary  and  Treasurer  (1863-1S72),  J.  \V.  H.  Rowley 
Secretary  and  Treasurer  {1S72-1886),  Robert  S.  Eakins, 


1883. 
Samuel  Killam,  President. 
Nathan  Moses. 
Hugh  Cann. 
Abel  C.  Robbins. 
A.  F.  Stoneman. 
Thomas  Killam  3d. 
Bowman  Corning. 


THE    YARMOUTH    STEAM-TUG   COMPANY. 

i86g. —  The  Yarmouth  Steam -Tug   Company  was   organized,  and 
had  built,  by  Burrill,  Johnson,  &  Co.,  the  tug  George  W.  Johnson. 

President,  Thomas  Killam  3d. 

Secretary  and  Treasurer,  Joseph  R.  Kinney. 


THE    YARMOUTH    MARINE    RAILWAY    COMPANY. 

1870.  —  The  Yarmouth  Marine  Railway  Company  was  incorporated; 
capital,  $15,000.  The  railway  was  built  in  this  year,  and  first  operated 
on  Oct.  I. 

DIRECTORS. 


1S70. 
Nathan  Moses,  President. 
Hugh  E.  Cann. 
James  B.  Kinney. 
George  B.  Doane. 
Frank  Killam. 


1880, 

L.  E.  Baker,  Ptesident. 
Nathan  Moses. 
Bowman  Corning. 
Aaron  Goudey. 
Samuel  Killam  3d. 


1885. 

L.  E.  Baker,  President. 
Bowman  Corning. 
James  W.  Wyman. 
Hugh  Cann. 
Hugh  E.  Cann.  ^ 


I  A 


Sippendix 


Ua. 


yOINT-STOCK  COMPANIES.  383 

THE    WESTERN    COUNTIES    RAILWAY    COMPANY. 

1870,  —  In  the  winter  of  1869  the  first  surveys  were  made  for  a 
railroad  between  Yarmouth  and  Annapolis  by  CoUingwood  Schreiber, 
C.E. ;  and  in  April,  1870,  the  Western  Counties  Railway  was  incorporated. 

To  supplement  a  local  subscription  to  the  stock  of  the  company  for 
about  $100,000,  the  Nova-Scotia  Legislature,  in  1872,  voted  a  subsidy 
of  $30,000  a  year  for  20  years,  and  150,000  acres  of  crown  lands. 
The  cash  subsidy  was  subsequently  increased  to  $8,000  per  mile  for  the 
90  miles  between  Yarmouth  and  Annapolis.  New  surveys  were  made  in 
1873;  and  in  July  of  that  year  the  Township  of  Yarmouth  voted  a 
subscription  to  the  stock  of  the  company  for  $100,000,  upon  which  the 
work  of  construction  began  in  September  following.  Various  political 
complications  having  retarded  the  progress  of  the  work,  it  was  not  until 
Sept.  29,  1879,  ^"f^  ^f'^""  ^"  additional  provincial  grant  of  ,1^5 0,000 
sterling,  that  the  road  was  opened  to  traffic  to  Digby ;  and  the  same 
influences  have  hitherto  been  the  chief  factor  in  obstructing  the 
completion  of  the  line  to  Annapolis. 

DIRECTORS. 

1S71.  1875.  18S5. 

Loran  E.  Baker,  President.  George  B.  Doane,  President.  Loran  E.  Baker,  President. 

John  Young.  Byron  P.  Ladd.  Hugh  Cann. 

Byron  P.  Ladd.  Frank  Killam.  William  D.  Lovitt. 

Frank  Killam.  Samuel  M.  Kyerson.  Jacob  V.  B.  Bingay. 

George  B.  Doane.  Hugh  Cann.  Frank  Killam. 

George  S.  Brown.  Nathan  W.  Blethen.  Abel  C.  Robbins. 

Samuel  M.  Ryerson.  William  H.  Moody.  Joseph  R.  Kinney. 

William  H.  Moody  held  his  position  on  the  Board  as  Township  Director 
from  August,  1873,  to  January,  1884,  when  he  resigned,  and  Joseph  R. 
Kinney  was  appointed  in  his  stead. 

THE  YARMOUTH  WATER  COMPANY, 

1879.  —  The  Yarmouth  Water  Company  was  incorporated  April  17, 
1879.  Capital,  $200,000.  The  pipes  were  laid  during  1881 ;  and  water 
from  Lake  George,  ten  miles  distant,  was  introduced  toward  the  end  of 
that  year.  _ 


384  JOINT-STOCK  COMPANIES. 


DIRECTORS. 

1 886. 

Hugh  Cann,  Prtsident. 

John  Lovitt. 

L.  E.  Baker. 

William  D.  Lovitt. 

Joseph  R.  Kinney. 
Secretary  and  Treasurer,  George  Bingay. 
Superintendent,  George  H.  Robertson. 


THE   YARMOUTH    BUILDING   SOCIETY. 

1880.  —  The  Yarmouth  Building  Society  was  incorporated  April  10, 
1880.  It  has  now  about  550  members,  and  assets  for  upwards  of 
$100,000. 

DIRECTORS. 

1 886. 

John  C.  Anderson. 
James  C.  Farish. 
Nathan  Moses. 
Robert  S.  Eakins. 
Thomas  B.  Flint. 
Secretary  and  Treasurer,  Barnard  E.  Rogers. 

THE   MUTUAL    RELIEF   SOCIETY   OF    NOVA    SCOTIA. 

1881.  —  The  Mutual  Relief  Society  of  Nova  Scotia  was  organized  at 
Yarmouth  in  November,  1881.  It  was  announced  as  the  first  life-insur- 
ance company  ever  established  in  the  Province  on  a  perfectly  equitable 
basis,  and  with  principles  to  commend  themselves  to  the  people  of  the 
maritime  provinces.  The  following  was  the  Board  of  Trustees  as 
originally  constituted  :  — 

Abel  C.  Robbins,  President.  George  W.  Johnson. 

Jacob  V.  B.  Bingay,  Vice-President.  Edgar  K.  Spinney. 

''William  V.  Brown,  Secretary.  Joseph  R.  Kinney,  M.P.P. 

Thomas  B.  Crosby,  Teas-irer.  -  '  Arthur  W.  Eakins. 

J.  Wentworth  Bingay,  Q.C.,  5<'//V»Vt>r.        Joseph  R.  Wyman. 

William  Law. 

•;.  Rev.  George  E.  Day,  M.D.,  1  .... 

T  r^   T?    •  1-   -Kt  T\  I  Medical  Examiners. 

James  C.  Fansh,  M.D., 


\JOINT-STOCK  COMPANIES.  385 


THE    YARMOUTH    WOOLLEN-MILL   COMPANY. 

1882.  — The   Yarmouth   Woollen-Mill   Company  was   incorporated 
March  10,  1882. 

SOLr,   STOCKHOLDERS. 

Loran  E.  Baker,  President. 
Hugh  Cann,  Vice-President. 
William  D.  Lovitt. 
Jacob  V.  B.  Bingay. 
John  R.  Corning 

THE    YARMOUTH    TELEPHONE    COMPANY. 

1882.  —  The  Yarmouth  Telephone  Company  was  established  June  i, 
1882. 

DIRECTORS. 

1882-1886. 
Anselme  O.  Pothier,  President. 
Thomas  Killam. 
Secretary  and  Treasurer,  J.  Murray  Lawson. 

THE    MAITLAND   TELEPHONE    COMPANY. 

1882.  —The  Maitland  Telephone  Company  was  established  in  1882, 
and  incorporated  in  1S86. 

DIRECTORS. 

J.  H.  Harris,  President. 
Joseph  Goudey. 
Secretary  and  Treasurer,  W.  S.  Porter. 

THE   YARMOUTH    DUCK    AND    YARN    COMPANY. 
18S3. — The  Yarmouth  Duck  and  Yam  Company  was  incorporated 
in  1883,     CJapital,  ti^ofioo. 

DIRECTORS. 

i884-r886. 
William  D.  Lovitt,  President. 
Samuel  Killam,  sen.,  Vice-President. 
A.  C.  Robbins. 
Frank  Killam. 

Bowman  Corning.  ,  ,    .    ^ 

Thomas  E.  Kelley. 

Hugh  Cann.  

-^  —  Secretary  and  Treasurer,  T\ioma.sK\\\3iVa. 


386  CONCLUSION. 

THE     CO-OPERATIVE      DEPOSIT     AND     LOAN     SOCIETY     OF 

YARMOUTH. 

1885. — The  Co-operative  Deposit  and  Loan  Society  of  Yarmouth 
was  organized  in  November,  1885. 

DIRECTORS. 

John  W.  Moody,  President. 
Bowman  Corning,  Vice-President. 
Jacob  V.  B.  Bingay. 
Thomas  Killam. 
Edgar  K.  Spinney. 
Secretary  and  Treasurer,  Stephen  B.  Murray. 

These  notes  may  be  now  brought  to  a  close.  They  have  far  ex- 
ceeded the  limits  originally  assigned  for  them ;  and,  whatever  may  be 
said  of  some  of  the  earlier  ones,  the  later  chapters  have  seemed  to  the 
author  to  contain  no  records  which  might  have  been  as  well  left  out.  In 
the  course  of  his  work,  the  author  has  come  into  possession  of  many 
very  interesting  family  records  -  of  the  early  settlers  of  Yarmouth  Town- 
ship, which  deserve  to  be  continued  to  the  present  day,  and  given  a  per- 
manent form.  It  has  not,  however,  been  found  practicable  to  add  them 
to  these  pages,  owing  to  the  time  still  required  for  their  careful  comple- 
tion, and  the  verj'  considerable  volume  they  will  have  attained  when 
ready  for  publication ;  and  if,  in  the  author's  hands,  they  never  reach 
that  stage,  his  manuscript,  when  placed  in  the  Yarmouth  Archives,  will 
be  valuable  for  reference,  and  his  reward  will  have  been  found  in  the 
gratification  the  researches  have  afforded  hiin. 

■  Appendices  V,  W. 


APPENDICES. 


APPENDICES. 


APPENDIX  A. 

(See  page  26.) 
JOHN    AND    SEBASTIAN    CABOT. 

\Frotn  Hatton  and  Harvey's  History  of  Newfoundland,  republished  at  Boston  in  rSSj.] 

"John  Cabot  was  born  of  Italian  parents.  Venice  was  probably 
his  native  city.  There  are  those,  however,  who  claim  this  honor  for 
Bristol.  At  all  events,  he  lived  there  for  many  years,  and  his  son 
Sebastian  was  bom  and  lived  in  that  ancient  port. 

"  Early  in  the  month  of  May,  1497,  the  Cabots  took  their  departure 
from  Bristol  in  the  Matthew.  But  of  the  voyage  of  Cabot,  we  know 
almost  nothing.  No  diary  was  kept  on  board  the  Matthew.  The  rec- 
ords of  the  enterprise  which  have  come  down  to  us  were  written  long 
afterwards,  and  are  of  the  most  meagre  and  unsatisfactory  description. 

"The  24th  June,  1497,  is  given  as  the  date  of  making  Newfound- 
land ;  and  the  landing-place  is  supposed  to  have  been  Bona  Vista,  near 
the  North  Cape  of  Trinity  Bay.  Another  account  is,  that  the  land  seen 
by  Cabot  was  a  part  of  the  Labrador  coast,  and  that  the  '  island  oppo- 
site to  it,'  mentioned  in  an  inscription  on  an  old  map,  was  that  part  of 
Newfoundland  near  the  northern  end  of  the  Straits  of  Belleisle.  Hap- 
pily, however,  for  the  students  of  American  history,  all  doubts  on  the 
subject  have  been  removed  by  the  discovery  a  few  years  since  of  a  map 
made  by,  or  under  the  direction  of,  Sebastian  Cabot,  and  bearing  the 
date  of  1544  (  !  )• 

"On  Feb.  3,  1498,  the  king  granted  a  new  patent  to  John  Cabot, 
authorizing  him  to  sail  with  six  ships,  etc.  John  Cabot  did  not  go  on 
the  second  expedition,  which  was  intrusted  to  Sebastian,  then  but 
twenty-three  years  of  age      According  to  Peter  Martyr,  on  the  second 


390  APPENDIX  A.  T 

voyage  he  sailed  along  the  coast  of  Labrador  to  the  latitude  of  sixty  de- 
grees north,  when,  deterred  by  ice  and  cold,  he  turned  his  course  to  the 
west,  and  coasted  south  to  the  thirty-eighth  degree,  whence  he  returned 
to  England. 

"On  their  return  from  the  first  voyage,  the  king  presented  John 
Cabot  with  a  gratuity  of  ten  pounds.  In  order  that  posterity  might  not 
forget  his  liberality,  he  made  an  entry  of  it  in  the  privy  purse  accounts 
in  the  following  brief  words  :  — 

"'Aug.  TO,  1497.  To  Hym  that  found  the  new  Isle,  ^10.'  The 
most  careful  researches  in  the  English  archives  have  failed  to  bring  to 
light  any  other  official  notice  of  the  discovery. 

"  There  is  no  record  of  John  Cabot  after  this  period.  It  is  probable 
he  did  not  long  survive  his  first  famous  voyage.  Sebastian  is  said  to 
have  died  in  his  eightieth  year  in  London." 

The  Maine  Historical  Society's  collection  says  of  Sebastian  Cabot, 
"  No  details  of  his  voyage  were  published  by  the  navigauor  himself,  and 
after  his  death  his  original  maps  and  papers  disappeared  in  a  mysterious 
manner.  Some  particulars  of  these  voyages  are  given  by  Peter  Martyr, 
the  celebrated  Italian,  who  derived  his  information  from  Cabot  himself 
while  a  guest  at  his  house." 

[From  Pinkerion's  Voyages,  published  at  London,  iSoS,] 

"  John  Cabot  made  a  voyage  to  Newfoundland  in  1494.  In  1496 
Henry  VII.  granted  him  a  charter  for  a  second  voyage,  but  he  died 
without  accomplishing  it. 

"  Sebastian  Cabot  says  he  made  his  voyage  in  1496,  but  he  must  be 
mistaken  ,  for  he  says  it  was  after  h's  father's  death,  and  his  father  was 
living  in  February,  1497,  so  that  it  was  in  the  summer  of  1497  he  made 
his  voyage.     He  kept  no  record  of  his  voyage. 

"  Sebastian  Cabot  is  claimed  by  the  English  to  have  been  born  in 
Bristol ;  but  the  Italians  say  positively  that  he  was  bom  in  Venice,  which, 
to  speak  impartially,  I  believe  is  the  truth,  for  he  says  that,  when  his 
father  was  invited  to  England,  he  brought  him  over  with  him,  although 
he  was  very  young."  .  .^    r:       ^..   -  1-7"  " 


APPENDIX  Aa. 

{See  page  28.) 

CORRESPONDENCE    OF   REV.  JOHN    ROY    CAMPBELL   AND 
PROFESSOR    CAMERON. 

The  following  is  a  copy,  verbatim  et  literatim,  of  the  correspondence 
referred  to  in  the  opening  of  Chapter  II. :  — 

Dorchester,  N.B.,  Jany  30th,  1886. 
To  THE  Editor  of 

THE  Yarmouth  Herald: 
Sir:  — 

In  the  issue  of  the  27th,  which  has  just  reached  me,  I  observe  that  you  make 
an  acknowledgement  to  the  Halifax  Herald  of  a  lette-  of  Mr.  Cameron,  copied 
therefrom. 

I  am  not  disposed  to  be  too  particular  on  the  doctrine  of  acknowledgements, 
especially  as  I  now  live  at  a  distance,  and  I  do  not  feel  myself  to  be  seriously 
affected  one  way  or  the  other ;  but  I  would  like  to  say  that  all  the  leading  facts 
bearing  on  the  D'Entremont  family,  as  re-stated  with  both  spirit  and  ability  by  Mr. 
Cameron,  were  collected  by  my  late  lamented  friend,  G.  J.  Parish,  and  myself,  as  the 
result  of  many  long  journeys  taken  for  the  express  purpose  of  gathering  information 
on  that,  as  well  as  on  all  other  subjects  in  my  History  of  the  County. 

And,  I  may  say  that,  although  it  is  now  ten  years  since  that  History  was  pub- 
lished, it  is  a  source  of  great  satisfaction  to  me,  that  no  fact,  as  therein  stated,  has 
ever  yet  been  successfully  questioned,  and  I  am. 

Yours  obediently, 

J.    ROY    CAMPBELL. 

To  THE  Editor  of  the  Yarmouth  Herald, 

Sir :  — 

In  your  last  issue  the  Revd,  J.  Roy  Campbell  has  a  letter  in  which  he  seems  to 
impute  some  sort  of  unrighteousness  to  me.  Mr.  C.  has  made  some  strange  mis- 
take.    I  have  written  him  about  it,  and  hope  he  will  correct  the  mistake  himself, 

and  so  save  me  the  trouble.  J  ,''~ 

Yours  truly  .^  _^.-     -— 

'  A.CAMERON. 

Yarmouth 

Feby  8th,  1886. 


392  APPENDIX  Aa. 

To  THE  Editor  of  the  Yarmouth  Herald, 

Sir:  — 

In  my  note  of  the  issue  of  the  3d  I  was  under  the  impression  that  Mr.  Cameron 
was  indebted  to  Yarmouth  History  for  facts; 

Mr.  Cameron  has  written  to  me  that  he  is  in  no  way  so  indebted  ; 
I  now  write  to  say,  that  I  regret  having  unintentionally  done  Mr.  Cameron  any 
injustice  in  writing  under  that  impression. 

And  I  am 

Yours  obediently 

J.   ROY   CAMPBELL. 

Mr.  Editor:  — 

The  above  was  enclosed  in  a  letter  which  I  received  from  Mr.  Campbell.  To 
prevent  possible  misapprehension  I  may  say,  that  the  "  facts  "  in  the  above  must 
be  understood  as  equivalent  to  the  phrase  "all  the  leading  facts  bearing  on  the 
D'Entremont  family  "  in  Mr.  Campbell's  first  letter  in  your  issue  of  3d  inst. 

These  facts  were  the  only  facts  in  question. 

A.   CAMERON. 
Yarmouth 

Feby  16th,  1886. 


APPENDIX   B. 

{See  page  31.) 
SIR   WILLIAM    PHIPPS. 

\From  the  Annals  of  Sa/em.] 

"  WiLLLAM  Phipps,  the  founder  of  the  noble  family  of  Mulgrave  or 
Normandy  of  Mulgrave  Castle,  near  Whitby,  was  a  man  remarkable  for 
his  energy  and  perseverance.  His  father  was  a  gunsmith,  a  robust 
Englishman,  settled  at  Woolwich  in  Maine.  He  was  born  in  1651,  one 
of  a  family  of  26  children,  of  v  horn  2 1  were  sons,  whose  only  fortune 
lay  in  their  stout  hearts  and  strong  arms.  He  was  knighted  for  his 
success  in  recovering  plate,  pearls,  and  jewels  valued  at  ;^30o,ooo  ster- 
ling, from  a  Spanish  ship  sunk  in  the  West  Indies,  the  King's  portion 
being  ^j^i 0,000.  He  was  made  High  Sheriff  of  New  England,  and  was 
also  Governor  of  Massachusetts.     He  died  in  London  in  1695." 

A  representative  of  this  family,  in  the  person  of  Lord  Mulgrave, 
visited  Yarmouth  when  Governor  of  Nova  Scotia,  nearly  thirty  years 
ago.  The  same  gentleman,  as  the  Earl  of  Normandy,  has  been  now 
for  many  ytars  governor  of  Australian  colonies. 

The  American  ancestor  of  the  Archer  families  of  Yarmouth  was 
John,  of  the  British  Navy,  who,  at  the  close  of  the  Revolutionary  war, 
settled  in  Cherryfield,  Me.,  married  there  a  Miss  Tupper,  and  had  eigh- 
teen sons  and  four  daughters.  Joseph  Tupper  Archer  of  Yarmouth 
was  their  sixth  son ;  and  the  eldest  was  William  Gates  Archer,  who 
settled  in  Liverpool,  N.S.,  and  married  there  a  Miss  Mulhall.  Two  of 
their  children  were  Henry  Archer  of  Salmon  River,  and  Elizabeth,  wife 
of  Joseph  BuUerwell,  of  the  same  place. 

On  p.  154  there  is  a  reference  to  Fehx  Deveau  of  Cape  Cove,  Clare, 


394  DEVEAU. 

the  owner,  and  to  his  son  Felix,  the  master,  of  the  fast-sailing  topsail 
schooner  Mt;^y  yane.  "The  Moniteur  Acadian"  of  July  13,  1888, 
quoting  from  a  correspondent  of  "  The  Yarmouth  Times,"  says,  — 

Felix  Deveau  and  his  wife  both  died,  aged  88  years.    They  had  14  children  :  — 

I.  Charles,  died,  aged  82  years. 

2. 


Twin-daughters,  died,  aged  84  years. 

3-  J 

4.  Madame  Veronique  Boiidreau,  still  living,  aged  85. 

5.  George  L.,  still  living,  aged  83. 

6.  Jean  L.,  still  living,  aged  81. 

7.  Timothee,  still  living,  aged  79. 

8.  Luc,  still  living,  aged  78. 

9.  Jacques,  still  living,  aged  76. 

10.  Felix,  still  living,  aged  74. 

11.  Twin-sister  of  Felix,  died  young. 

12.  Madame  Ver.jrante  Surette,  of  Eel  B'ook,  still  living,  aged  73. 

13.  Madame  Marguerite  Surette,  of  Eel  Brook,  still  living,  aged  72. 

14.  Constant,  still  living,  aged  70. 

George  L.,  the  second  son,  has  the  appearance  of  a  man  of  from 
fifty  to  fifty-five  years.  He  often  walks  to  and  from  the  church  at 
Salmon  River,  six  miles  distant  from  his  home.  Last  spring  he  caught 
more  than  once  seventy-five  codfish  in  a  day,  and  he  said  that  he  would 
have  been  glad  if  the  fish  had  taken  the  hook  at  the  rate  of  three  hun- 
dred a  day.  Last  winter  he  hauled  six  hundred  and  fifty  loads  of  sea- 
weed, and  spread  it  upon  his  fields  ;  and  in  the  spring,  with  the  assist- 
ance of  his  two  sons,  he  planted  thirty  bushels  of  potatoes. 

Anselme  Frontain,  of  the  same  neighborhood,  is  in  his  eighty-sixth 
year  (89th  ?) .  He  also  walks  to  and  from  the  church  on  Sunday,  and 
he  says  that  h*.  could  easily  walk  twenty-five  miles  a  day.  Last  winter 
he  cut  his  own  firewood,  and  he  can  do  a  day's  work  that  a  man  of 
thirty  years  would  not  be  ashamed  of. 


APPENDIX   C. 

(See  page  36.) 

BRIGANTINE    "BALTIMORE." 

\From  HaliburtotCs  History  of  Nova  Scotia.] 

"  At  the  investigation  held  at  Annapolis,  it  was  satisfactorily  proved 
by  Mr.  D'Entremont,  with  whom  Mrs.  Buckler  had  taken  refuge,  that 
neither  the  French  nor  the  Indians  had  oeen  concerned  in  it." 

[J^rom  Freeman's  History  of  Cape  Cod.] 

On  Aug.  6,  1620,  the  Mayflower  sailed  from  Plymouth,  England, 
bound  for  the  Hudson  River  with  a  hundred  and  one  emigrants,  of 
whom  twenty  were  females,  accompanying  their  husbands,  and  forty- 
two  children  and  servants.  On  the  nth  of  November  the  Mayflower 
entered  Cape-Cod  Harbor. 

On  Nov.  15,  Capt.  Miles  Standish,  with  a  company  of  sixteen,  set 
out,  armed  "with  musket,  sword,  and  corselet,"  on  a  foraging  expedition. 
They  found  some  Indian  mounds,  which  they  dug  into,  and  carried  off 
a  ship's  kettle  they  found  there,  and  as  much  corn  as  they  could  carry. 
They  also  amused  themselves  in  digging  into  the  old  Indian  graves,  and 
carried  off  "  sundry  of  the  prettiest  things."  They  discovered  some 
Indian  houses  lately  occupied,  and  furnished  with  a  great  variety  of 
useti;l  articles.  "Some  of  the  best  things  we  took  away  with  us,  but 
left  the  houspf  standing  as  they  were."     All  this  within  the  first  month  ! 

Mr.  Freeman  remarks,  "  On  the  morality  of  these  transactions,  the 
Author  does  not  feel  that  he  is  called  upon  to  pronounce.  But  the  prof- 
anation of  the  graves,  to  say  nothing  of  the  taking  of  the  kettle,  corn, 
beans,  etc.,  was  unfortunate." 

"In  the  year  1630,  Richard  Garrett  and  others,  from  Boston,  were 
shipwrecked  on  Cape  Cod,  and  some  died  from  hardship  and  exposure. 


396  APPENDIX  6. 

The  Indians  buried  the  dead  with  great  propriety,  to  save  the  bodies 
from  being  eaten  by  beasts,  although  the  ground  was  deeply  frozen, 
requiring  great  labor  in  digging  the  graves.  The  survivors,  by  most 
assiduous  attentions  on  .the  part  of  the  Indians,  were  literally  nursed 
back  to  life,  so  nearly  perished  were  they ;  and  when  recovered,  and 
endued  with  sufficient  str.agth,  the  Indians  kindly  conducted  them 
some  fifty  miles  through  the  woods  to  Plymouth.  Such  was  the  friendly 
and  humane  feeling  that  then  prevailed  among  barbarians^ 


APPENDIX   D. 

(See /age  4^.) 

SETTLEMENT    OF     LANDS    AND    A    RECORD    OF     ACADIAN 
FAMILIES   OF   EEL    BROOK. 

Prf-vious  to  the  return  of  the  Acadians  fr  in  New  England  in  1 766, 
some  of  their  former  possessions  at  Pubnico  had  been  occupied  tempo- 
rarily by  the  English.  As  early  as  November,  1 761,  John  Frost,  from 
Kittery,  Me.,  and  others,  had  settled  at  Argyle,  where  a  few  years  later 
they  received  grants  of  lands ;  but  before  that  the  whole  southern  por- 
tion of  the  lands  between  the  Tusket  and  Abuptic  Rivers  had  been 
granted. 

In  1 763,  or  earlier,  had  been  granted  to  Gov.  Montague  Wilmot  the 
tract,  about  5,000  acie*,  lying  between  what  is  now  Tusket  Village  and 
the  sea,  and  including  Surette's  and  Wilson's  Islands.  The  title  to  these 
lands  appears  to  have  reverted  to  the  government;  for  in  June,  i8gi, 
they  were  again  granted  to  Joseph  Moul.'Mson  and  twenty-seven  other 
Acadians,  and  a  plan  of  division  was  executed  the  same  year  by  Joshua 
Frost,  surveyor. 

Adjoining  the  Wilmot  grant  on  the  east,  came  a  grant  \3assed  in 
October,  1 763,  to  the  Rev.  John  Breynton,  Rector  of  St.  Paul's  Church, 
Halifax,  and  Chaplain  to  the  House  of  Assembly,  of  the  lands,  3,838 
acres,  extending  easterly  to  the  Eel  Brook ;  and  next  came  one  of 
Ranald  MacKinnon's  grants,  extending  from  the  Eel  Brook  to  the 
Abuptic  River,  and  stated  at  1,000  acres. 

To  the  northward  of  the  Breynton  land,  and  extending  westerly  from 
Eel  Lake,  was  a  lot  granted  to  the  Rev.  William  Doyle  of  Halifax,  and 
which  he  advertised  in  "The  Nova-Scotia  Gazette  "  of  Jan.  19,  1773,  in 
fonn  following :  — 


398  EEL  BROOK. 

"  To  be  let  in  Parcels  or  altogether  :  — 

"  About  500  acres  of  entirely  cleared  land  (having  been  an  old  In- 
dian Settlement)  the  Estate  of  the  Rev.  William  Doyle  of  Halifax,  situ- 
ate in  the  Township  of  Argyle,  between  Harrington  and  Yarmouth,  at  the 
West  end  of  the  Peninsula  of  Nova  Scotia,  and  just  opposite  to  Boston, 
within  a  quarter  of  a  mile  of  the  tide  from  which  it  is  separated  by  1  )r. 
Breynton's  land  on  the  South  and  by  the  late  Mr.  Pierpont's  on  the 
West.  It  is  bounded  on  the  East  by  Eel  Lake,  nine  miles  long  and  one 
broad,  on  the  banks  of  which  is  a  great  plenty  of  hard  and  other  wood. 
On  the  North  lie  ungranted  lands.  The  rent  to  be  nothing,  the  first  year, 
and  but  a  penny  an  acre  the  second  year,  and  to  rise  gradually  to  two 
shillings  which  it  is  never  to  exceed ;  and  for  laboring  people  the  rent 
will  be  taken  out  in  work." 

This  land  seems  also  to  have  reverted  to  the  government,  for  in  1 79 1 
it  was  again  granted  to  Jean  Bounjue  and  others. 

In  1773  Dr.  Breynton  leased  for  999  years  to  Pierre  Burette,  Pieijie 
LeBlanc,  Pierre  Meuse,  and  Louis  Meuse,  1,193  acres,  which  included 
the  lands  from  the  Eel  Brook  and  Eel  Lake  westerly  to  the  marsh,  the 
peninsula  from  where  the  church  now  stands  to  Roco  Point,  and  other 
lands. 

On  Aug.  16,  1775,  Ranald  MacKinnon  leased  for  eight  Spanish  dol- 
lars yearly,  and  by  deed  executed  April  7,  1795,  for  the  sum  of  one 
hundred  pounds  he  sold,  to  Dominique  Pothier,  Jean  Bourque,  Paul 
SuRE'iTE,  Pierre  Surette,  and  Joseph  Babin,  236  acres  of  land,  "  begin- 
ning at  Goose  Bay  at  the  '  carrying-place,'  so  called,  thence  running  east- 
erly to  the  Lake,  thence  Northerly  by  Eel  Lake  to  the  Eel  Brook,  thence 
Westerly  by  the  Eel  Brook  to  Goose  Bay,  thence  Southerly  by  Goose  Bay 
to  the  first-mentioned  bounds."  The  "carrying-place  "  was  at  the  foot 
of  Eel  Lake :  and  in  the  district  described  in  this  deed  from  Ranald 
MacKinnon,  there  are  now  30  houses  occupied  by  Acadian  families ; 
namely,  1 7  Surette,  5  Pothier,  5  Babin,  and  3  D'Entremont. 

The  following  is  some  account  of  the  families  of  the  men  who  pur- 
chased these  lands  in  the  Eel-Brook  district  from  Dr.  Breynton  and 
Ranald  MacKinnon  as  well  as  of  some  collateral  branches  of  other 
families. 


APPENDIX  D.  399 

PiKRRE  SuRETiE  ist,  OS  herein  designated,  was  the  ancestor  of  all  of 
the  name  in  Yarmouth  County.  Long  before  the  expulsion  of  1755,  he 
was  prominent  among  the  Acadians  of  the  northern  shores.  As  chief 
and  governor,  not  by  appointment  of  any  government,  but  by  the  choice 
and  consent  of  the  people,  he  presided  over  150  Acadian  families  at  the 
settlement  of  Pigiguit,  some  15  miles  from  Grand  Pr^,  the  site  of  the 
present  town  of  Wintlsor.  What  wi:5  sent  from  France  for  this  Acadian 
settlement  passed  for  distribution  through  the  hands  of  Pierre  Surette. 
His  name  appears  in  the  census  of  Port  Royal  of  i  714  ;  and  in  1730  he 
signed  the  Oath  of  Allegiance  (not  the  "long  oath")  with  226  others, 
all  males,  and  comprising  72  different  family  names. 

Pierre  Surette  ist,  m.  Cathkrine  Breau. 

I.  Philomene  Bois-Jolis. 


Issue:   Pierre  2d,  m.  I      .,    .    ,  ,     .,    , 

(  2.  Mane  Duon,  d.  Abel. 

Paul,  m.  Madeleine  Amirault,  d.  Joseph  2d. 

Olivier,  m.  Marie  Madeleine  l^ois-Jolis. 

( I.  Osithe  Pellerin,      ) 
Amand,    m. !  |  settled  at  Chezetcook,  Halifax  Co. 

(  2.  Claire    Bois-Jolis, ) 

Joseph,  tn.  Marguerite  Pellerin. 

Anne,  m.  Dominique  Pothier  ist. 

Marie  Rose,  m.  Jean  Bourque  ist. 

Madeleine,  m.  Joseph  Babin  ist. 

Olivier  Surette  built  the  house  at  Eel  Brook  afterward  occupied  by 
Pierre  2d.  Olivier  and  his  wife  died  early,  and  left  an  only  daughter, 
Madeleine,  who  was  brought  up  by  her  aunt,  Madeleine  Babin.  She 
married  Pierre  Robicheau  of  Meteghan,  brother  of  Armand ;  and  they 
had  four  sons,  Isaac,  Michel,  Marcel,  and  Paul ;  and  three  daughters, 
Perp^tue,  Ursule,  and  Marguerite. 

I.  Philom6ne  Bois-Jolis. 


Pierre  Surette  2d,  s.  Pierre  ist,  m.    ,      ,,  ,      , 

( 2.  Marie  Duon,  d.  Abel 

(  I.  Marguerite  Amirault  of  Clare. 
Issue,  1765:  Pierre  3d  (Pierre  Riche),  m.   )       „         , 

(  2.  Colombe  Frontain,  d.  Alexandre. 

'Athanase,  m.  Louise  D'Entremont,  d.  Joseph  ist. 

Frederic,  m.  Anne  Meuse,  d.  Pierre  ist. 

Augustin,  m.  Frangoise  Pothier,  d.  Amand. 

Paul  2d,  m.  Marie  Pothier,  d.  Jean  Baptiste. 

Gabriel,  m.  Marguerite  Babin,  d.  Joseph  (Carino).     No  issue. 

—  Raphael,  m.£lisabeth  Babin,  d.  Joseph  (Carino). 


Pierre  Suretfe  3d,  s.  Pierre  2d,  m.  s 


400  SURETTE. 

Pierre  Surette,  contimud. 

Joseph  2d,  m.  Scholastique  Amirault  of  Clare. 

Anne,  m.  Martin  Le  Blanc  of  Belliveau's  Cove. 

Marcel,  not  married. 

Joseph  Surette,  s.  Pierre  ist,'m.  Marguerite  Pellerin. 

Issue  :   Jean  Louis,  m.  Rosalie  Amirault,  d.  Jacques  ist. 

Charles  Borrome,  m.  Marie  Babin  (see  note  end  chap.  x.). 

Frederic,  m.  Sophique  Babin,  d.  Victor. 

Marguerite,  m.  Joseph  Amirault  3d,  s.  Ange  of  Pii   aico. 

Paul  Surette,  s.  Pierre  ist,  m.  Madeleine  Amirault,  d.  Joseph  2d. 

Issue :    Paul  Franjois,  m.  Julie  D'Entremont,  d.  Cyrille. 

Marguerite,  m.  Pierre  Doucette  of  Clare. 

Marie,  m.  Cyriaque  Amirault,  s.  Ange  o£  Pubnico. 

Anne,  ni.  Simon  Amirault,  s.  Ange  of  ^''-ibnico. 

Scholastique,  m.  Charles  Amirault,  s.  Ange  of  Pubnico. 

Theotiste,  not  married.     Housekeeper  of  Abbe  Goudot. 

Madeleine,  not  married. 

Marguerite  Amirault  of  Clare. 

Colombe  Frontain,  d.  Alexandre. 

Issue :    Pierre  4th  (ship-builder),  m.  Marceline  Babin,  d.  Hippolyte. 

Simon,  m.  Marie  Boudreau,  d.  Joseph. 

Cyriaque,  m  Marie  Monique  Doucette  of  Sissibou. 

(  I.  Julie  Babin,  d.  Hippolyte. 
Andre,  m.    \ 

(  2.  Marguerite  Doucette,  w.  Germam. 

Rem!,  m.  Anne  Doucette,  d.  Paul. 

Genevieve,  m.  Philippe  D'Entremont,  s.  Benoni. 

Marthe,  m.  George  Amirault,  s.  Joseph  3d. 

Euphroisine,  m.  Eusebe  Surette,  s.  Frederic  of  Surette's  Island. 

Helene,  m.  Remi  Babin,  s.  Hippolyte. 

Marguerite,  m.  Paulin  Bourque,  s.  Joseph  ist. 
Athanase  Surette,  s.  Pierre  2d,  m.  Louise  D'Entremont,  d.  Joseph  ist. 
Issue  :  Philippe  Andre,  deaf  and  dumb,  not  married. 

Jean  Francois,  deaf  and  dumb,  not  married,  educated  by  Abbe  Sigogne. 

Julie,  m.  Jean  Bourque,  s.  Basile. 

Perpetue,  deaf  and  dumb,  not  married. 

Augustin,  m.  Jeanne  Franij-oise  Bourque,  d.  Francois.  ' 

Luc,  deaf  and  dumb,  not  married.  ,  .r  ;,   ,* 

Marie,  deaf  and  dumb,  not  married.  ,  _  . 

- Cyrille,  m.  Catherine  Melanjon  of  Clare. 

Louis  Athanase,  m.  Frances  Jane  Shattuck,  d.  Hon.  Daniel  of  Concord, 
Mass. 

Pierre  sth,  m.  Rosalie  Pothier,  d.  Sylvain  of  Eel  Brook. 


APPENDIX  D.  401 

Athanase  Surktte,  continued. 

Celeste,  m.  Clement  Mande  Melan^on  of  Clare. 

Genevieve,  m.  Jean  V.  Le  Blanc  of  Clare.  — " 

Paul  FRANgois  SuRKr/-.,  s.  Paul  ist,  m.  Julie  D'Entremont,  d.  Cyrille. 
Issue  :  Maiie,  m.  Tulien  Duon,  s.  Augustin. 

Franij'ois,  m.  Anastasie  Surette,  d.  Paul  2d. 

Michel,  m.  Marie  Jeanne  Amirault,  d.  Marc  1st. 

Sylvain,  not  married. 

Joseph  Octave,  m.  Vitaline  Robicheau  of  Meteghan. 

Crepin,  m.  Marguerite  Surette,  d.  Raphael. 

Leon,  m.  Elisabeth  Doucette,  d.  Joseph  of  Clare. 

Zacharie,  m.  Helfene  .Surette,  d.  Augustin  of  Pubnico. 

Elisabeth,  m.  Franc^ois  Silvestre  Bourque,  s.  Fran9ois. 

Ambroise  Gervais,  m.  Marie  Gertrude  Surette,  d.  Raphael. 

Anselme,  m.  Julie  Surette,  d.  Prospere  of  Surette's  Island. 

Charles,  ;n.  Marie  Charlotte  Pothier,  d.  Remi. 
Frederic  Surette,  s.  Pierre  2d,  m.  Anne  Meusf,  d.  Pierre  ist. 
Issue  :  Marie  Anne,  m.  Vincent  Cothereau,  s.  Jean  ist. 

Germain,  m.  Venerante  Deveau,  d.  Felix  of  Cape  Cove. 

Francois,  m.  Marguerite  Deveau,  d.  Felix  of  Cape  Cove. 

Francoise,  m.  Jacques  Deveau,  s.  Felix  of  Cape  C(jve. 

Marguerite,  m.  Archange  Doucette,  s.  Michel  of  Chebec. 

Marc,  not  married. 

Sylvain,  m.  Rosalie  Doucette,  d.  Joseph  of  Clare. 
Augustin  Surette,  s.  Pierre  2d,  m  Francoise  Poi-hier,  d.  Amand. 
Issue :   Jean  B.,  m.  Henriette  Amirault,  d.  Frederic 

Archange,  m.  Rosalie  Duon,  d   Paul     • 

Marguerite,  m  Jean  D'Entremont,  s.  Hilaire. 

Ursule,  m.  Gabriel  Duon,  s.  Paul. 

Helene,  m.  Zacharie  Surette,  s.  Paul  Francois. 
»  Symphorien,  m.  Rosalie  Duon,  d.  Jean. 

Pierre  D.,  m.  Marie  Anne  Babin,  d.  Gervais,  a  Charles  Amand. 

Zoee,  m.  Pierre  Duon,  s.  Cyprien. 
Paul  Surette  2d,  s.  Pierre  2d,  m.  Marie  Potiuer.  d.  Jean  Baptiste. 
Issue :    Fran9ois,  m.  Sophique  Amirault,  d.  Marc. 

Anastasie,  m.  Franfois  Surette,  s.  Paul  Francois.        '     r.  ' "'  ',      -  ''•' 

Anne  Catherine,  m.  Francois  Babin,  s.  Joseph  2d. 

Marie,  m.  Gabriel  Babin,  s.  Joseph  2d. 

Jean  Baptiste,  m.  Francoise  Surette,  d.  Prospere  of  Island. 

Julien,  m.  Ursule  Surette,  d.  Prospere  of  Island.  .    . . 

Elisabeth,  m.  Gervais  Babin,  s.  Michel  (a  Carino). 


402  SURETTE. 

Raphael  Surette,  s.  Pierre  2d,  m.  Elisabeth  Bahi.n,  d.  Joseph  (Carino). 
Issue:    Marguerite,  m.  Crepin  Surette,  s.  Paul  Fran9ois. 

Judithe,  m.  Joseph  Richard,  s.  Charles. 

Marie  Gertrude,  m.  Ambroise  Gervais  Surette,  s.  Paul  Fran9ois. 

Sylvain,  m.  Marie  Babin,  d.  Remi,  a  Hippolyte. 

Michel,  m.  Esther  Pothier,  d.  Remi. 

Catherine,  m.  Charles  Pothier,  s.  Sylvain,  a  Jean  B. 

Elisabeth,  m.  Felix  Saulnier. 
Joseph  Surette,  s.  Pierre  2d,  m.  Scholastique  Amirault  of  Clare. 
Issue:    Prospere,  m.  Genevieve  Babin,  d.  Jean  (Carino). 

Joseph,  m.  Elisabeth  Babin,  d.  Joseph  (Carino). 

Mande,  m.  Catherine  Babin,  d.  Joseph  (Carino). 

Etienne,  died  unmarried,  aged  twenty-two. 

Madeleine,  m.  Simon  D'Entremont,  s.  Charles  Celestin. 
'  I.  Antoine  Richard  2d,  s.  Antoine. 


Jeanne,  m. 

2.  Jean  B.  De  Villiers,  s.  Jacques. 

Julienne,  m.  Olivier  Babin,  s.  Michel. 

Jean  Louis  Surette,  s.  Joseph  ist,  m.  Rosalie  Amirault,  d.  Jacques  ist. 

Issue  1792  :'  Joseph,  m.  Marie  Bourque,  d.  Joseph  ist. 

Cyrille,  m.  Marguerite  Babin,  d.  Charles  Amand. 

Jean,  m.  Schola.-tique  Bourque,  d.  Basi'e  ist. 

Pierre,  m.  Marthe  Pothier,  d.  P'?i-e  isl. 

Paul,  m.  Marguerite  Boudreau,  d.  Joseph. 

Prospere,  m.  Catherine  Boudreau,  d.  Dominique. 

Marie,  m.  Benjamin  Bourque,  s.  Joseph  ist. 

Thecle,  m.  Jean  Belliveau,  s.  Joseph. 

Charles  Borrom^  Surette,  s.  Joseph  ist,  m.  Marie  Babin,  d  Michel  ist. 

Issue    iSoi  :  Jean,  m.  Marie  Saulnier,  d.  Joseph  of  Clare. 

Hippolyte,  m.  Marie  Comeau,  d.  Jean  of  Clare.       ■     ■ 

Michel,  m.  Veronique  Boudreau,  d.  Michel  ist. 

Frederic,  m.  Felicite  Saulnier,  d.  Jean  B.  of  Clare. 

Marie,  m.  Celestin  Saulnier,  s.  Pierre. 

Marguerite,  not  married.  .   '•  -       - 

Adelaide. 

Frederic  Surette,  s.  Joseph  ist,  m.  Sophique  Babin,  d.  Victor. 

Issue  :  Joseph,  m.  Madeleine  Saulnier,  d.  Jean  of  Clare.       ,  f   '  ■    > 

Eusebe,  m.  Euphroisine  Surette,  d.  Pierre  3d.  V-.    - 

Prospere,  m.  Monique  Saulnier,  d.  Jean  of  Clare. 

~  Marceline,  m.  Jean  Saulnier,  s.  Pierre  of  Clare. 

Marie,  m.  Pierre  Saulnier,  s.  Pierre  of  Clare. 

'  Still  living. 


APPENDIX  D.  403 

EUSERE  SURETTE,  s.  Frederic,  m.  Euphroisine  SuRErrE,  d.  Pierre  3. 
I.  Marie  Surette,  d.  Cyrille  of  Chebec. 


Issue :    Placide,    m. 

,  2.  Nathalie  I5ourque,  d.  Benjamin. 

George,  not  married. 

Frederic,  m.  Nathalie  Surette,  d.  Joseph,  a  Frederic. 

Cyriaque,  m.  Dorothee  Surette,  d.  Cyrille  of  Chebec. 

Pierre,  m.  Julienne  Moulaison,  d    Marc. 

Marguerite,  in.  Marc  V.  Surette,  s.  Hippolyte. 

Sophique,  m.  Athanase  D'Entremont,  s.  Joseph. 

Joseph  Surette,  s.  Jean  Louis,  m.  Marie  Bour<jue,  d.  Joseph  ist. 

Issue  :   Genevieve,  m.  Felix  Houdreau,  s.  Amable.        ^ , 

Veronique,  m.  Hilaire  Pothier,  s.  Anselme. 

Marc,  m.  Marie  Boudreau,  d.  Felix,  by  first  wife. 

Benjamin,  m.  Margaret  Mulcahy  of  r'are. 

Madeleine,  Elisabeth,  not  married. 

Damas,  died  unmarried. 

Cyrille  Surette,  s.  Jean  Louis,  m.  Marguerite  Babin,  d.  Charles  Amand. 

Issue  :   Louis,  m.  Leonice  Surette,  d.  Michel  of  the  Island. 

I.  Marie  Jeanne  Pothier,  d.  Anselme. 


Anselme,   m.    , 

2.  Felicite  Comeau,  w. 

Fran9oise,  m.  Mathurin  Pothier,  s.  Anselme. 

Genevieve,  m.  Placide  Pothier,  s.  Anselme. 

Augustine,  m.  Cyriaque  Pothier,  s.  Anselme. 

Charles  Amand,  m.  Madeleine  Pothier,  d.  Anselme. 

Sylvain,  m.  Madeleine  Boudreau,  d.  Jean  B. 

Mathurin,  m.  Marie  Surette,  d.  Joseph  of  the  Island. 

Marie,  m.  Placide  Surette,  s.  Eusebe. 

Alexis,  m.  Monique  Surette,  d.  Joseph  of  the  Island. 

Dorothee,  m.  Cyriaque  Surette,  s.  Eusebe 

Jean  Surette,  s.  Jean  Louis,  m.  Scholastique  Bourque,  d.  Basile. 

Issue:   Clement,  not  married.  -        -' 

(  I.  Celenie  Pothier,  d.  Alexandre  of  Eel  Brook. 
Casimir,  m.  -j  2.  Marthe  Amirault,  d.  Philippe  of  Pubnico. 

V.  3.  Marie  Burrage,  w. 
Ambroise,  not  married. 

Gregoire,  m.  Marie  Saulnier,  d.  Ange  of  Clare.  .   .• 

Michel,  m.  Madeleine  Saulnier,  d.  Ange  of  Clare. 
Fran9ois,  died  young.  .;. 

Gertrude,  m.  Cyriaque  Amirault,  s.  Hilaire  of  Tusket  Hill.; 
Elisabeth,  Rosalie,  Catherine,  not  married. 


404  SURETTE. 

Pierre  Surette,  s.  Jean  Louis,  m.  Marthe  Pothier,  d.  Pierre  ist. 

Issue :   Pierre,  m.  Rosalie  Le  Blanc,  d.  Frederic. 

( I.  Adelaide  Pothier,  d.  Anselme. 
Felix,  m.    j 

(  2.  Mane  Doucette,  d.  Ignace. 

R^mi,  m.  Madeleine  Boudreau,  d.  Joseph. 

I.  Jean  Le  Blanc,  s.  Benjamin. 


Nathalie,   m. 

2.  Jean  B.  Pothier.  s.  Seraphin. 

Madeleine,  m.  Anselme  Le  Blanc,  s.  Simon. 

Marie,  m.  Marc  Pothier,  s.  Sylvain,  a  Amand. 

Anne,  m.  Henri  Pothier,  s.  Sylvain,  a  Amand. 

Monique,  m.  Remi  Pothier,  s.  Sylvain,  a  Amand. 

Jacques,  drowned. 

Fran<;ois,  m.  Elisabeth  Bray  of  Halifax. 

Marguerite,  m.  Antoine  Richard  2d,  s.  Antoine. 
Paul  Surette,  s.  Jean  Louis,  m.  Marguerite  Boudreau,  d.  Joseph. 
Issue  :   Jovitc,  died  unmarried. 

Monique,  m.  Alexis  Surette,  s.  Joseph  of  the  Island. 

Leonice,  m.  George  Pothier,  s.  Seraphin. 
Prosp&re  Surette,  s.  Jean  Louis,  m.  Catherine  Boudreau,  d.  Dominique. 
Issue:   Michel  Vinceslas,  m.  Josephine  Colin,  d.  Marcel. 

Joseph  D  ,  m.  Rosalie  Boudreau,  d.  Joseph  2d. 

Luc,  m.  Marie  Colin,  d.  Marcel. 

Rosalie,  m.  Timothee  Le  Blanc,  s.  Simon. 

Pelagie,  m.  Joseph  Sulpice  Boudreau,  s.  Joseph  2d. 

Mande,  m.  Marie  Comeau  of  Clare. 

Doctrove,  m.  Euphemie  Cothereau,  d.  Jerome. 

I  T    Charlotte  Pothier,  d.  Fran(,-ois,  a  Sylvain. 
(  2.  Leonice  Cothereau,  d.  Adrien. 

Charlotte,  m.  Severin  Boudreau,  s.  Sylvain. 

Fran^oise,  m.  Placide  Boudreau,  s.  Sylvain. 

Marine,  m  Gabriel  Comeau  of  Clare.  :    * 

'i.  Madeleine  Pothier,  d.  Jean,  a  Amand. 

2.  Marie  Anne  Theriault  of  Clare. 

3.  Monique  Le  Blanc,  d.  Simon. 
.4.  Madeleine  Melan9on  of  Clare.       .:>>;■■ 

Jean  Surette,  s.  Charles  Borrome,  m.  Marie  Saulnier,  d.  Joseph  of  Clare. 
Issue  :    Luc,  m.  Anne  Marguerite  Amirault,  d.  George. 

Catherine,  m.  Ambroise  Surette,  s.  Prospere.  '  •'.  .    .    ;  i".  ■ 

'_:^  _i  Levi,  died  unmarried  March  6,  1886.  .■::..  . .  1  ■  ..'■:■ 

Anne  Susanne,  m.  Louis  Pothier,  s.  Charles  Amand.    T'^Sifii-i-''." 
Marc,  m.  Angelique  Surette,  d.  Anselme  of  Chebec 
Elisabeth,  Alexandre,  not  married.,  — ^— ^   .— .^     ., 


Guillaume,  m.  - 


APPENDIX  D.  405 

HippoLYTE  SuRETTE,  s.  Charles  Borrome,  m.  Marie  Comeau,  d.  Jean  of  Clare. 
Issue  :   Jean  B.,  m.  Rosalie  Surette,  d.  Prospere. 
Joseph,  m.  Elisabeth  Babin,  d.  Jean. 
Marc  v.,  m.  Marguerite  Surette,  d.  Eusebe. 
Remi,  m.  Celenie  Surette,  d.  Placide. 
Elisabeth,  m.  Sylvain  Le  Blanc,  s.  Benjamin.  • 

Veronique,  m.  Michel  Bourque,  s.  Benjamin. 
Michel  Surette,  s.  Charles  Borrome,  m.  Veronique  Boudreau,  d.  Michel. 
Issue :   Charles,  m.  Deliette  Le  Blanc. 

Leonice,  m.  Louis  Surette,  s.  Cyrille  of  Chebec. 
Frederic  Surette,  s.  Charles  Borrome,  m.  Felicity  Saulnier,  d.  Jean  B.  of 
Clare. 
Issue :    Hilaire,  m.  Julienne  Amirault,  d.  Frederic. 
Joseph  Surette,  s.  Frederic  ist,  m.  Madeleine  Saulnier  of  Clare. 
Issue :   Marie,  m.  Mathurin  Surette,  s.  Cyrille  of  Chebec. 
Monique,  mr  Alexis  Surette,  s.  Cyrille  of  Chebec. 
Nathalie,  m.  Frederic  Surette,  s.  Eusebe. 
Alexis,  m.  Monique  Surette,  d.  Paul  of  Chebec. 
PROSPfeRE  Surette,  s.  Frederic  ist,  m.  Monique  Saulnier  of  Clare. 
Issue :    Mathilde,  m.  George  D'Entremont,  s.  Joseph  Elie. 
Julie,  m.  Anselme  Surette,  s.  Paul  Fran9ois. 
Ursale,  m.  Julien  Surette,  s.  Paul  2d,  of  Eel  Brook. 
Franc^oise,  m.  Jean  B.  Surette,  s.  Paul  2d,  of  Eel  Brook. 
Rosalie,  m.  Jean  B.  Surette,  s.  Hippolyte. 
Sophique,  not  married. 

Ambroise,  m.  Catherine  Surette,  d.  Jean  of  the  Island. 
Dominique  Pothier  ist,  m.  Anne  Surette,  d.  Pierre  ist. 
Issue :  Pierre,  m.  Marie  D'F     remont,  d.  Joseph  ist. 

Jean  Baptiste,  m.  Esther  D'Entremont,  d.  Joseph  ist. 
Sylvain,  m.  Elisabeth  Le  Blanc,  d.  Pierre  of  Church  Point. 
Amand,  m.  Marguerite  D'Entremont,  d.  Joseph  ist. 
Anastasie,  m.  Cyrille  D'Entremont,  s.  Joseph  ist. 
Marguerite,  m.  Michel  Boudreau  ist  of  Tusket  Wedge. 
Anne,  m.  Benoni  D'Entremont,  s.  Jacques  2d. 
Pierre  Pothier,  s.  Dominique,  m.  Marie  D'Entremont,  d.  Joseph  ist. 
Issue  :  Cyrille,  m.  Rosalie  Bourtjue,  d.  Joseph  ist. 

Ambroise,  m.  Monique  Theriault  of  Meteghan. 

I.  Marie  Thibeaudeau  of  Church  Point.       "' 


Alexandre,  m. , 

.  2.  Anastasie  Amirault,  d.  Cyriaque. 

Leon,  m.  Rosalie  Thibeaudeau  of  Church  Point. 

Henriette,  m.  Etienne  Melancon  of  Meteghan. 

Marthe,  m.  Pierre  Surette,  s.  Jt  in  Louis  of  Tusket  Wedge. 


406  POTHIER. 

Pierre  Pothier,  continued. 

Eulalie,  m.  Joseph  M.  Amirault,  s.  Joseph  3d  of  Pubnico. 

Pauline,  m.  Germain  Gaudet  of  Belliveaii's  Cove. 

Anne,  m.  David  Duon,  s.  Augustin. 
Jean  Baptiste  Pothier,  s.  Dominique,  m.  Esther  D'Entremont,  d.  Joseph  ist. 
Issue:  Joseph  Josue,  m.  Rosalie  MelanijOn  of  Church  Point. 

Sylvain,  m.  Marie  Melani^on  of  Church  Point. 

Remi,  m.  Gert  ude  Babin,  d.  Charles  Amand. 

Francois,  not  married. 

Marie,  m.  Paul  Surette  2cl,  s.  Pierre  2d. 

Anastasie,  m.  Marc  Amirault  2d,  s.  Simon. 
Sylvain  Pothier.  s.  Dominique,  m.  Elisabeth  Le  Blanc,  d.  Pierre  ist  of  Clare. 
Issue  :  Anne,  m.  Ililaire  D'Entremont,  s.  Paul. 

Mathurin,  not  married. 

Perpetue,  m.  Charles  Amirault,  s.  Ange. 

Marie  Susanne,  m.  Jean  Amirault,  s.  Ange. 

Isaac,  not  married. 

Monique,  m.  Fran9ois  Bourque,  s.  Jean  ist. 

Seraphin,  m.  Monique  Duon,  d.  Augustin. 

Nicolas,  m.  Scholastique  Amirault,  d.  Jacques  2d. 

Sylvain,  m.  Marie  Amirault,  d.  Jacques  2d. 
Seraphine  Theriault  of  Clare. 


Pierre,  m.  \ 

.  2.  Pelagie  Babin,  d.  Charles. 

Dominique,  m.  Madeleine  Babin,  d.  Charles. 

Catherine,  not  married. 
Amand  Pothier,  s.  Dominique,  m.  Marguerite  D'Entremont,  d.  Joseph  ist. 
Issue:  Genevieve,  m.  Amable  Babin,  s.  Joseph  ist. 

Anselme,  m.  Madeleine  Duon,  d.  Augustin. 

Sylvain,  m.  Ursule  Le  Blanc,  d.  Joseph  ist. 

Marguerite,  m.  Joseph  Babin  2d,  s.  Joseph  ist. 

Theotiste,  m.  Luc  Babin,  s.  Joseph  ist. 

Fran9oise,  m.  Augustin  Surette,  s.  Pierre  2d. 

Charles  Amand,  m.  Genevifeve  Babin,  d.  Charles.  •      . 

Euphroisine,  m.  Benjamin  Le  Blanc,  s.  Joseph  ist. 

Jean  B.,  m.  Marie  Anne  D'Entremont,  d.  Jacques  3d. 

Cyrille,  m.  Euphroisine  Babin,  d.  Charles. 

Joseph,  m.  Veronique  Amirault,  d.  Joseph  3d. 
Cyrille  Pothier,  s.  Pierre  ist,  m.  Rosalie  Bourque,  d.  Joseph  ist. 

Issue:  Rosalie,  m.  Jean  B.  D'Entremont,  s.  Joseph  Vincent.  -  » 

I.  Joseph  Le  Blanc  3d,  s.  of  Joseph  2d  of  Pubnico.        ^   _ 


Marie,  m. 

'2.  Andre  D'Entremont,  s.  Hilaire. 

Gertrude,  m.  Louis  Le  Blanc,  s.  Joseph  2d  of  Pubnico. 

Pierre,  m.  Anne  Amirault,  d.  Gabriel. 


Seraphie,   m.    ] 


APPENDIX  D.  407 

Cyrille  Pothier,  continued. 

Felix,  m   Marie  Anne  Mallet  of  Clare. 

Ludger,  died  young. 
Ambroise  Pothier,  s.  Pierre  ist,  m.  Monique  Theriaui.t  of  Meteghan. 
Issue:  Mathilde,  m.  Avit  Dugas  of  Clare. 

Lezin  V.,  m.  Elisabeth  Pothier,  d.  Joseph  Josue. 

Adelaide,  m.  Sylvain  Robicheau  of  Clare. 

Placide,  died  unmarried,  aged  22. 

Marie  Anne,  a  sister  ot  charity.    (Soeur  Rosalie.) 

Monique  A.,  m.  Octave  Gravel  of  Quebec. 

1.  George  Bowles  of  Hoston. 

2.  Abraham  Wainwright  of  Manchester,  Eng. 

Agnes  Eleonore,  m.  William  Meehan  of  Boston. 

„  .  ( I.  Marie  Thibeaudeau  of  Clare. 

Alexandre  Pothier,  s.  Pierre  ist,  m.\ 

(  2.  Anastasie  Amirault,  d.  Cyriaque. 

Issue  :  Vitaline  Therese,  m.  Joseph  Bourque,  s.  Pierre. 

Gertrude,  m.  Cyriaque  D'Entremont,  s.  Benjamin. 

Jovite,  removed. 

Celenie,  m.  Casimir  Surette,  s.  Jean  of  Chebec. 

Matthias,  Pierre,  Joseph,  Jean  B.,  died  unmarried. 

Elisabeth,  Fran5oise,  Marie,  Madeleine,  died  unmarried. 
L4oN  Pothie".,  s.  Pierre  ist,  m.  Rosalie  Thibeaudeau  of  Clare. 
Issue :  Jean  H.,  m.  Marie  Anne  Surette,  d.  Augustin,  a  Athanase. 

Louis,  m.  Emilie  Bourgeois,  d.  Raphael. 

Avit,  m.  Julia  Gallagher. 

Marie,  m.  Pierre  Pothier,  s.  Remi. 

David,  m.  Josephine  Boudreau,  d.  Dominique  D. 

Sophique,  m.  Louis  Buurque,  s.  Toussaint. 

Simon,  m.  Judithe  Doucette,  d.  Jacques  2d. 

Urbain,  m.  Elisabeth  Babin,  d.  Thaddee. 

Sylvain,  m.  Frangoise  Bourque,  d.  Jean. 

Augustin,  m.  Rose  Emma  Pothier,  d.  Lezin. 

Ambroise,  m.  Rose  Rabin,  d.  Jean  2d. 

Fran9oise,  died  aged  13  years. 

Joseph  Octave,  died  aged  2  years. 

Jacques,  not  married. 

Joseph  Piefre,  not  married.  , 

Henri  Damien,  not  married.  * 

Marie  Madeleine,  died  in  infancy.        ,       .     '  - 
Joseph  Josufi  Pothier,  s.  Jean  B.,  m.  Rosalie  Melancon  of  Clare. 
Issue :  Anne,  m.  Pierre  S.  D'Entremont,  s.  Simon. 

Elisabeth,  m.  Lezin  Pothier,  s.  Ambroise. 


408  POTH/ER. 

Joseph  Josu6  Pothier,  continued. 

Alexandre,  in.  Rosalie  Robicheau  of  Clare. 

Jean  B.  J.,  m.  Elizabeth  Maclver,  d.  Hugh  ist. 

Marie  Anne,  m.  Andre  Le  Blanc,  s.  Joseph. 

Marguerite,  not  married. 

Simon,  m.  Elisabeth  Surette,  d.  Simon. 

Theodore,  m.  Madeleine  Bourque,  d.  Ambroise. 

Josue,  m.  Rosalie  Bourque,  d.  Jean. 

Madeleine,  m.  Casimir  Bourque,  s.  Jean. 

Genevieve,  Rosalie,  Leoiiice,  died  young 
Sylvain  Pothier,  s.  Jean  B.,  m.  Marie  Melan(;on  of  Clare. 
Issue  :  Rosalie,  m.  Pierre  Surette,  s.  Athanase. 

Elisabeth,  m.  Louis  R.  Amirault,  s.  Louis. 

Catherine,  m.  Martin  Amirault,  s.  Marc. 

Charles,  m.  Catherine  Surette,  d.  Raphael. 

Mande,  m.  Louise  Bourque,  d.  Jean. 

Marguerite,  m.  David  Le  Blanc,  s.  Joseph  2d  of  Pubnico. 

Joseph,  m.  Elisabeth  Boudreau  of  Meteghan. 

Jean  B.,  died  unmarried,  aged  30  years. 

Susanne,  not  married. 
R6mi  Pothier,  s.  Jean  B.,  m.  Gertrude  Bahi.n,  d.  Charles  Aniand. 
Issue  :  Pierre,  m.  Marie  I'othier,  d.  Leon. 

Marie  Charlotte,  m.  Charles  Surette,  s.  Paul  Fran9ois. 

Esther,  m.  Michel  Surette,  s.  Raphael. 

Louis,  m. Babin,  d.  Fram^ois. 

Seraphin  Pothier,  s.  Sylvain  ist,  m.  Monique  Duon,  d.  Augustin. 
Issue  :  Julienne,  m.  Simon  D'Entremont,  s.  Joseph  Vincent. 

Pierre,  m.  Adele  D'Entremont,  d.  Severin. 

Francois,  m.  Dorothee  Le  Blanc,  d.  Anselme. 

Nathalie,  m.  Frani^ois  D'Entremont,  s.  Maximin. 

George,  m.  Leonice  Surette,  d.  Paul  of  Chebec. 
I.  Leonice  Le  Blanc,  d.  Anselme. 
!  2.  Nathalie  Le  Blanc,  w.  Jean,  a  Benjamin. 

Elisabeth,  m.  Augustin  Le  Blanc,  s.  Joseph,  a  Anselme. 

Esaie,  Marguerite,  not  married. 
Nicolas  Pothier,  s.  Sylvain  ist,  m.  Scholastique  Amirault,  d.  Jacques  2d. 
Issue  :  Hilaire,  m.  Augustine  Pothier,  d.  Jean  B.  of  Chebec. 

Jacques,  m.  Marie  Le  Blanc,  d.  Frederic.        ,    .  •      ..     ' 

Madeleine,  m.  Pierre  Le  Blanc,  s.  Frederic. 
--    -     -       Cesar,  m.  Marie  Deveau,  d.  Gabriel. 

Pierre,  m.  Virginie  Pothier,  d.  Jean  B.  of  Chebec. 
'— ^—       Sylvain.  m.  Anastasie  Pothier,  d.  Cyrille  of  Chebec. 


Jean  B.,  m.  | 


APPENDIX  D.  409 

Nicolas  Pothier,  lontiuued. 

Augustin,  m.  Marie  Anne  Pothier,  d.  Jean  B.  of  Chebec. 

Elisabeth,  m.  Jean  Le  Blanc,  s.  Benjamin  of  Chebec. 

Genevieve,  died  unmarried. 

( I.  Seraphine  Theriault  of  Clare. 
Pierre  Pothier,  s.  Svlvain  ist,  m.  \ 

Kz.  Pelagie  Bakin,  d.  Charles. 

Issue  :  Marine,  m.  Jacques  Boudreau,  s.  Jean  B. 

Adesse,  m.  Onesiphore  Boudreau,  s.  Jean  B. 

Marie,  m.  Fulgence  Pothier,  s.  Svlvain,  a  Amand. 

Calixte,  m.  Catherine  Pothier,  d.  Cyrille  of  Chebec. 

(  I.  Sylvie  Le  Blanc,  d.  Joseph,  a  Anselme. 
Theodore,    m.  ] 

(  2.  Mane  D'Entremont,  d.  Etienne. 

Dominique  Pothier,  s.  Sylvain  ist,  m.  Madeleine  Babin,  d.  Charles. 

I.  Emilie  Boudreau,  d.  Jean  B. 


Issue:    Severin,   m. ,      ,  .,  .  ,  ,  ,_,     .„ 

2.  Bibienne  Surette,  d.  Anselme,  a  Cyrille. 

Bonaventure,  m.  Julienne  Pothier,  d.  Jean  B.  of  Chebec. 

Michel  D.,  m.  Angeliquc  Le  Blanc,  d.  Jean  B.,  a  Anselme. 

Michel,  m.  Marie  D'Entremont,  d.  Jean. 

Levi,  m.  Fran9oise  D'Entremont. 

Philomene,  m.  Jean  U.  Boudreau,  s.  Charles  M. 

Julie,  died  unmarried. 
Sylvain  Pothier,  s.  Sylvain  ist,  m.  Marie  Amirault,  d.  Jacques  2d. 
Issue  :  Moise,  not  married. 

Joseph  L.,  m.  Victoire  Le  Blanc,  d.  Maximin,  a  Benjamin. 

Marin,  m.  Ursule  Boudreau,  d.  Charles  M. 

Martin,  m.  Emilienne  Le  Blanc,  d.  Cyriaque,  a  Anselme. 

Mande,  m.  Ursule  Pothier,  d.  Mathurin,  a  Anselme. 

Celestin,  not  married. 

Jean,  not  married. 

Angelique,  not  married. 

Leonice,  m.  Pierre  P.  Doucette,  s.  Archange  of  Chebec. 
Anselme  Pothier,  s.  Amand,  m.  Madeleine  Duon,  d.  Augustin, 
Issue  :  Mathurin,  m.  Fran(^oise  Surette,  d.  Cyrille  of  Chebec. 

Simon  Romain,  m.  Madeleine  Le  Blanc,  d.  Anselme  of  Chebec. 

Placide,  m.  Genevieve  Surette,  d.  Cyrille  of  Chebec. 

Hilaire,  m.  Veronique  Surette,  d.  Joseph  of  Chebec. 

Cyriaque,  m.  Augustine  Surette,  d.  Cyrille  of  Chebec. 

Rosalie,  m.  Joseph  Le  Blanc,  s.  Anselme  of  Chebec. 

Fran^oise,  m.  Joseph  Le  Blanc,  s.  Frederic  of  Chebec. 

Marie  Jeanne,  m.  Anselme  Surette,  s.  Cyrille  of  Chebec, 

Adelaide,  m.  Feli.\  Surette,  s.  Pierre  of  Chebec. 

Madeleine,  m.  Charles  Amand  Surette,  s.  Cyrille  of  Chebec. 


4IO  POTHIER. 

Sylvain  Pothier,  s.  Amand,  m.  Ursule  Le  Blanc,  d.  Joseph  ist. 

(  I.   Honorine  Houdreau,  d.  Jean  \'>. 
Issue  :  Franyois,  m.  { 

(  2.  Julienne  Kobicheau,  d.  IMerrc  2d. 

Marc,  m.  Marie  Surette,  d.  F'ierre  of  Chebec. 

Fulgence,  m.  Marie  Futhier,  d.  Pierre  of  Chebec. 

Henri,  m.  Anne  Surette,  d.  Pierre  of  Chebec. 

Renii,  ni.  Monicjue  Surette,  d.  Pierre  of  Chebec. 

Marguerite,  ni.  Anseinie  Houdreau,  s.  Dominique. 

Elisabeth,  m.  Michel  Boudreau,  9.  Domini(|ue. 

Rosalie,  m.  Charles  M.  Boudreau,  s.  Jean  B. 
Charles  Amand  I'othikr,  s.  Amand,  m.  (liiiNKVifevE  Babin,  d.  Charles. 
Issue  :  Charlotte,  m.  Renii  Le  Blanc,  s.  Anselme. 

Hazacle,  m.  Anselme  Lc  Hlanc,  s.  -Simon. 

Madeleine,  m.  Joseph  Meuse,  s.  George,  a  Benjamin. 

Julienne,  m.  Josue  Le  Blanc,  s.  Francois,  a  Joseph. 

Louis,  m.  Anne  S.  Surette,  d.  Jean  of  Surette's  Island. 
Jean  B.  Pothikr,  s.  Amand,  m.  Marie  .^nne  D'Entremont,  d.  Jacques  3d. 
Issue :  Thelesphore,  m.  Anne  Le  Blanc,  d.  Frederic. 

Stephanie,  m.  Cyriaque  Le  Blanc,  s.  Anselme. 

Agnes,  m.  Zacharie  Le  Blanc,  s.  Simon. 

Virginie,  m.  Pierre  Pothier,  s.  Nicolas. 

Madeleine,  m.  Guillaume  Surette,  s.  Prospere  of  Pinkney's  Point. 

Augustine,  m.  Ililaire  Pothier,  s.  Nicolas. 

Marie  Anne,  m.  Augustin  Pothier,  s.  Nicolas. 

Julienne,  m.  Bonaventure  Pothier,  s.  Dominique. 

Philomene,  m.  Romain  Le  Blanc,  s.  Joseph,  a  Anselme. 
Cyrille  Pothier,  s.  Amand,  m.  Euphroisine  Bakin,  d.  Charles. 
Issue  :  Amand  A.,  m.  Elisabeth  Boudreau,  d.  Lucien. 

Jeremie  H.,  m.  Eulalie  Le  Blanc,  d.  Simon. 

r ""•■*'-■ 

Andre,  m.  Charlotte  Dugas,  d.  Benjamin  of  Clare. 
Delphine,  m.  Andre  Le  Blanc,  s.  Frederic. 
Vitaline,  m.  Joseph  Richard,  s.  Charles. 
Catherine,  m.  Calixte  Pothier,  s.  Pierre. 
Anastasie,  m.  Sylvain  Pothier,  s.  Nicolas.  -    - 

Joseph  Pothier,  s.  Amand,  m.  Veronique  Amirault,  d.  Joseph  3d. 
Issue:  Gertrude,  m.  Michel  Doucette,  s.  Sylvain  ist  of  Chebec. 
Paul,  m.  Marguerite  Pothier,  d.  Mathurin,  a  Anselme. 
I.  Emilie  Pothier,  d.  Fran9ois,  a  Sylvain. 


Anselme  0.,m.  \  2.  Elisabeth  Le  Blanc,  d.  Marc. 
.3.  Elisabeth  Le  Blanc,  d.  Mande. 


Urbain,  m.  •,  ,,,-,• 

.  2.  Marie  Anne  Boudreau,  d.  telix. 


APPENDIX  D.  411 

Joseph  Pothier,  continued. 

Pierre  Arcade,  m.  Marguerite  Le  Blanc,  d.  Pierre  of  Eel  Brook. 

Elie,  not  married. 

Sophie,  Marin,  died  unmarried. 
Jean  Bourque  ist,  m.  Marie  Rose  Surette,  d.  Pierre  ist. 
Issue :  Joseph,  m.  Veronique  Amirault,  d.  Ange  of  Pubnico. 

Basile,  m.  Elisabeth  lielliveau,  d.  Isidore  of  Pubnico. 

Fran(,ois,  m.  Monique  Pothier,  d.  .Sylvain  ist. 

Pierre,  m.  Marie  Amirault,  d.  Joseph  of  Clare. 

Rosalie,  m.  Armand  Kubichcau,  s.  Prudent  of  Meteghan. 

Madeleine,  m.  Frederic  Theriault,  s.  Hilarion  of  Belli veau's  Cove. 

Scholasti()ue,  not  married,  housekeeper  for  Abb^  Sigogne. 

Marguerite,  not  married,  founded  first  convent  in  Clare. 

Angelique,  m.  Jacepies  D'Entreniont,  s.  Paul. 

Charlotte,  not  married,  died  at  convent,  Clare. 

Marie  Osithe,  m.  Joseph  Belliveau,  s.  Charles  J.  of  Pubnico. 

Jean  Haptiste,  not  married. 
Joseph  Bourque,  s.  Jean  ist,  m.  Veronique  Amirault,  d.  Ange. 

Issue  :  Louis  Q.  (uSoo),  m.  Rosalie  Comeau,  d.  Major  Francois  of  Clare. 
I.  Marie  .Surette,  d.  Jean  Louis. 


Benjamin,  m.   , 

2.  Monique  Pothier,  w.  Ambroise. 


Franyois  2d,  m.   j 


1.  Rosalie  D'Entremont,  d.  Charles  Celestin. 

2.  Anne  Esther  Habin,  d.  Joseph  2d. 
Toussaint,  m.  Sylvie  Amirault,  d.  Gabriel  of  Meteghan. 
Paulin,  m.  Marguerite  Surette,  d.  Pierre  3d,  no  issue. 
Rosalie,  m.  Cyrille  Pothier,  s.  Pierre  ist. 

Marie,  m.  Joseph  Sirette,  s.  Jean  Louis. 
,  Genevieve  Agathe,  m.  Cyrille  Babin,  s.  Amable. 

Simon,  drowned  in  early  manhood. 
FRANgois  Bourque,  s.  Jean  ist,  m.  Monique  Pothier,  d.  Sylvain  ist. 
Issue :  Sylvain,  m.  Madeleine  Le  Blanc  of  Clare,  settled  there. 

Francois  Silvestre,  m.  Elisabeth  Surette,  d.  Paul  Francois. 

Basile,  m.  Catherine  Surette,  d.  .Simon. 

Jeanne  Fran^oise,  m.  Augustin  Surette,  s.  Athanase. 

Madeleine,  m.  Thaddee  Babin,  S.  Amable. 

Colombe,  m.  Pierre  Severin  Comeau  of  Sissibou.  — 

Leonice,  m.  Felix  ]5abin,  s.  Amable.  •  -  ■ 

Gertrude,  m.  Jean  Babin,  s.  Jean,  a  Charles  Amand. 

Maximin,  died  in  boyhood. 
Basile  Bourque,  s.  Jean  ist,  m.  Elisabeth  Belliveau,  d.  Isidore. 
Issue  :  Jean  2d,  m.  Julie  Surette,  d.  AthanaSt. 

Ambroise,  m.  Marguerite  \jt  Blanc,  d.  Anselme  of  Church  Point. 

Scholastique,  m  Jean  Surette,  s.  Jean  Louis. 


412  BOURQUE. 

Pierre  I1ouri.>i;k,  s.  Jean  ist,  m.  Marik  AMiRAtar  of  Clare. 

Issue  :  Joseph,  m.  Vitalim    I'heri-se  Pothier,  d.  Alexandre. 

Pierre,  lost  at  Hea,  unmarried. 

Charlotte,  m.  Frani^ois  Amirault,  s.  Marc  1st  of  I'ubnico 

Marie  Klisahcth,  m.  Raymond  Comeati  of  Meteghan. 

Dorothee,  ni.  ililaire  Hclliveau  of  Clare. 

Catherine,  m.  Charles  llabin,  s.  C  harles  Amand. 

Blondine,  not  married. 

Rosalie,  m.  Kemi  Hahin,  s.  Amable. 

Genevieve,  m.  Uriel  J.  Habin,  s.  Joseph  2d. 

Louis,  died  in  boyhood. 

_  (  I.  Marik  Surette,  d.  Jean  Louis. 

Benjamin  IJourque,  s.  Joseph,  m.  I 

(  2.  MoNH^UK  Pothier,  w.  Ambruise. 

Issue :  Nathalie,  m.  PKicide  Surette,  s.  Eusebe. 

Marc,  m.  Madeleine  Saulnier  of  Clare. 

Felix,  m.  Monique  Saulnier  of  Clare. 

Simon,  m.  Catherine  Saulnier  of  Clare. 

(lahriel,  m.  Ursule  Saulnier  of  Clare. 

Michel,  m.  Veronitiue  Surette,  d.  Hippolyte. 

Francois,  m.  Edithe  Saulnier  of  Clare. 

Elisal>eth,  m.  Simon  .Saulnier  of  Clare. 

I  I.  Rosalie  D'Entrkmont,  d.  Chailes  Celestin. 
Francois  BouRQiiE, S.Joseph, m.  I 

(  2.  Anne  EsTufeR  Habin.  d.  Joseph  2d. 

Issue:  Mande,  m.  Julienne  l!abin,  d.  Jean,  a  Charles  A. 

Anselme,  m.  Dorothee  D'Entremont,  d.  Anselme. 

Cyriaque,  not  married. 

Marie  Anne,  ni.  Walter  Scott  of  Plymouth,  Argyle. 

Elisabeth,  m.  Mathurin  Surette,  s.  Augustin. 

Sophique,  m.  I'ierre  Belliveau,  s.  Jean  of  I'ubnico. 

Madeleine,  m.  Denis  Amirault,  s.  Louis. 

Franc^oise,  m.  I>eon  Duon,  s.  David. 
By  2d  wife  :  — 

Uriel,  m.  Adfele  Bourque,  d.  Marc 

Octave,  not  married.  . 

Monique,  m.  Elie  Duon,  s.  Phir     >e.  ,     .  .        ; 

Fannie,  m.  Louis  Bourque,  8.  Michel.        ..    '    -       ' 

Rosalie,  not  married.  :,  '   ,-    '      -    -c    .'■/,:     i 

ToussAiNT  liouRQUE,  s.  Joseph,  m.  Silvie  Amirault,  d.  Gabriel  of  Meteghan. 
Issue  :  Louis,  ni.  Sophique  Pothier,  d.  Leon. 

Marie,  m.  Marc  V.  D'Entremont,  s.  Severin. 

Henri. 

Leonice,  m.  Basile  Comeau,  s.  Raymond. 


APPENDIX  1).  413 

TOUSSAINT   HoURQUE,   COHtinueJ. 

Acleline,  m.  Thcophile  Kabin,  >.  Felix. 
I"'rani,()isc,  m.  Nicolas  Surette,  s.  Jean  It.  of  Pubnico. 
Tiicodore. 
Louis  Q.  Houkquk,  s.  Joseph,  m.,  1S34,  Kusalib  Comkau,  d.  Major  Franyoii  of 
Clare. 
Issue:  Jean,  m.  Rose  l^  Illanc,  d.  Augustin  of  Little  Brook,  Clare. 
Marguerite,  111.  Hilaire  Comcau  of  Metcghan. 
Marie,  not  married. 

Catiierine,  m.  Armand  Comeau  of  Meteghan. 
I'hilippe,  lost  at  sea,  1879. 
Elisal)eth,  ni.  Tln-ophile  Comeau  of  Metejjhan. 
Jean  Bourquk  id,  s.  Itasile,  m.  Jiti.ik  Surkitk,  d.  Athana.se. 
Issue:  Casimir,  m.  Madeleine  I'othier,  d.  Joseph  Josuc. 
I.  Josue  Pothier,  9.  Joseph  Josue. 


Kosali'-,    m. , 

2.  Sylvain  J.  Gallant  of  Prince  pAiward's  Island. 

Anne  Louise,  m.  Mandt-  Pothier,  s.  Sylvain  of  F.?1  Krook. 

Elisabeth,  m.  Mii;hel  Boudrcau,  s.  Dominifjue. 

Ma  ie  .\iine,  m.  .^everin  Melani,()n  of  Meteghan. 

MarguTite,  m.  Jeaa  Pierre  Robicheau  of  Meteghan. 

Marie  Genevieve,  in    Alexandre  P.  Landry,  M.D. 

Fran(,'oi-S  "ot  married. 

Louis  T.,  m.  FranCjOi.se  Habin,  d.  Thaddec. 

Fran(,'oi8e,  m.  Sylvain  Pothier,  s.  L^on. 
AvBROisE  BouRQUE,  s.  Basile,  m.  Marcuerite  Le  Blanc,  d.  Anselme  of  Clare. 
Issue  :  Madeleine,  m.  Theodore  Pothier,  s.  Joseph  Josue. 

Hilaire,  m   Marie  Pothier,  d.  .Sylvain  of  Eel   Brook. 

(ienevieve,  m.  Francois  Surette,  s.  Augustin. 

Rosalie,  m.  Jovite  Babin,  s.  Jean. 

Anselme,  m.  Elisabeth  Surette,  d.  Capt.  Pierre. 

Jean,  m.  Marie  Le  Blanc,  d.  Pierre  of  Pubnico. 

Marie,  m.  Avit  Amirault,  s.  Cyriaque. 

Ambroise,  m.  Elisabeth  Surette,  w.  Louis,  a  Francois. 

Julie. 
Joseph  Bourque,  s.  Pierre,  m.  Vitaline  Tn^RfesE  Pothier,  d.  Alexandre. 
Issue:  Marie,  m.  Augustin  Comeau  of  Clare. ,..   , 

Elisabeth.  ^  ;  ;^v  >  ir-.^^:i  -  v  :  .:.r,     ,      ' 

.       Joseph.         ..^.;\,o  ...•;,*.,•;;.:  i;;..  :;.-■.  -i 

Louis.  f,  . 

Guillaume.  ,;:-.— .»->-^--'- 

/^  Marguerite,  a  sister  of  charity. 

Rosalie. 
Fran^oise. 


414  BOURQUE.—ROBICHEAU. 

FRANgois  S.  BouRQUE,  s.  Fran9ois  ist,  m.  Elisabeth  Surette,  d.  Paul  Franjois. 

( I.  Louis  Surette,  s.  Francois,  a  Julien. 
Issue :    Elisabeth,   m.  j 

(  2.  Ambroise  Bourque,  s.  Ambroise. 

Sylvain. 

Julie. 

Marie,  m.  Pierre  J.  Amirault,  s.  Simon,  a  Simon. 
Basile  Bourque,  s.  rran9ois  ist,  m.  Catherine  Surette,  d.  Simon. 
Issue :  Marie. 

Fran9ois,  m.  Eunice  MacGill  of  Boston. 

Irene. 

Henri. 

Joseph. 

Genevieve,  m.  Laurent  D'Entremont,  s.  Francois. 

Fran9oise. 

Adele. 

Emilie,  m.  Antoine  D'Entremont,  s.  Ansehne. 

Edithe. 
Armand  Robicheau,  s  Prudent,  m.  Rosalie  Bourque,  d.  Jean  ist. 
Issue  :  Basile,  died  young. 

Benjamin,  m.  Anathalie  Theriault. 

Frederic  A.,  m.  Marguerite  Melan9on. 

Nicolas,  not  married. 

Fran9ois,  m.  Monique  Melan9on. 

Adelaide,  m.  Celestin  Comeau. 

Celestin  A.,  m.  Genevieve  Melan9on. 

Basile  A.,  m.  Charlotte  Theriault. 

I.  Charlotte  Belliveau. 


Mathurin,  m. 

.  2.  Monique  Comeau. 


Frederic  A.  Robicheau  represented  Clare  in  the  House  of  Assembly 
from  1836  to  1840,  when  he  sold  his  property  at  Meteghan,  and  settled 
on  the  beautiful  shores  of  Lake  Went  worth,  fifteen  miles  from  the  sea, 
where  he  had  obtained  a  grant  of  fourteen  hundred  acres  of  land. 

Mathurin  Robicheau  represented  Clare  from  1855  to  1867,  and  was 
then  placed  in  charge  of  the  Light  Station  at  Cape  Ste.  Marie,  —  a  sta- 
tion best  filled  by  those  who,  like  Mathurin,  have  once  been  ship-masters. 
Their  grandfather.  Prudent  Robicheau,  married  Anne  Dugas  at  Annapo- 
lis Royal  in  1 734.  For  thirty  years  Prudent  Robicheau  was  prominent 
among  the  Acadians  at  Annapolis,  and  the  annals  of  the  time  show 
that  he  enjoyed  the  confidence  of  Governors  Armstrong  and  Mascarene. 


APPENDIX  D.  415 

Joseph  Babtn  ist,  m.  Madeleine  Surette,  d.  Pierre  ist. 

Issue:  Joseph  2d  (Nagoe),  tn.  Marguerite  Pothier,  d.  Amand. 

Amable,  m.  Genevieve  Pothier,  d.  Amand. 

Charles  Amand,  m.  Marguerite  Kelliveau,  d.  Charles  J. 

(  I.  Theotiste  Pothier,  d.  Amand. 
Luc,  m.  ) 

(  2.   Marguerite  Melancj-on,  d.  Amand. 

Marguerite,  m.  Patrice  Thibeaudeau  of  Clare. 
Perpetue,  m.  Joseph  Comeau  of  flare. 
Anastasie,  m.  Alexis  Houdreau  of  Clare. 

Pelagie,  m.  Dominique  Boadreau,  s.  Michel  of  Tusket  Wedge. 
Joseph  Babin  2d,  s.  Joseph  ist,  tn.  Marguerite  Pothier,  d.  Amand. 
Issue :  Alexandre,  m.  Marguerite  Mallet. 

Francois,  m.  Anne  Catherine  Surette,  d.  Paul  2d. 
Gabriel,  m.  Marie  Surette,  d.  Paul  2d. 
Uriel  J.,  m.  Genevieve  Bourque,  d.  Pierre. 
Jean  Baptiste,  m.  Helene  Gaslin  of  Massachusetts. 
Elisabeth,  m.  Simon  Babin,  s.  Charles. 
Melanie,  m.  Jovite  Mallet. 

Anne  Esther,  m.  Fran9ois  Bourque,  s.  Joseph  ist. 
Genevieve,  m.  Olivier  Doucette  of  Clare. 
Hel^ne,  m.  Etienne  Comeau. 
Amable  Babin,  s.  Joseph  ist,  m.  G^neviAve  Pothier,  d.  Amand. 
I.  Genevieve  Agathe  Bourque,  d.  Joseph  ist. 
\  2.  .Sophique  Melan9on,  w.  Cyrille  of  Sissibou. 
Thaddee,  m.  Madeleine  Bourque,  d.  Fran9ois  ist. 
Remi,  m.  Rosalie  Bourque,  d.  Pierre. 
Marguerite,  m.  Charles  Thibeaudeau  of  Clare. 
Felix,  m.  Leonice  Bourque,  d.  Francois  ist. 
Charles    Amand    Babin,    s.    Joseph     ist,    m.    Marguerite     Belliveau,    d. 
Charles  J. 
Issue:  Jean,  m.  Anne  Thibeaudeau  of  Clare. 

Gervais,  m.  Elisabeth  Thibeaudeau  of  Clare. 

Charles,  m.  Catherine  Bourque,  d.  Pierre. 

Anselme,  not  married. 

Marie,  m.  Marcel  Robicheau. 

Marguerite,  m.  Cyrille  Surette,  s.  Jean  Louis  of  Tusket  Wedge. 

Elisabeth,  m.  Frederic  Melan^on  of  Clare.' 

Gertrude,  m.  Remi  Pothier,  s.  Jean  Baptiste. 

Franij-oise,  m.  Jean  B.  D'Entremont,  s-  Cyrille.         _ 

Madeleine,  m.  Pierre  D'Entremont,  s.  Cyrille. 


Issue  :  Cyrille,  m.  \ 


4l6  BABIN. 

Luc  BABIN,  s.  Joseph  ist.  m.  j  '•  Th^otiste  Pothier.  d.  Amand. 

'  2.  Marguerite  Melancon,  d.  Atrand. 
Issue :  Clement 
Leon. 
Marie. 

Rosalie. 

Anne. 


Among  the  early  Acadians  of  Argyle  were  also  Victor  and  Michel 
Babin,  whose  relationship  with  Joseph  ist  we  cannot  definitely  establish. 
Some  authorities  say  the  three  were  brothers  ;  others,  that  Michel  and 
Joseph  were  brothers,  and  Victor  their  cousin,  more  or  less  remote ; 
while  others  say  Joseph  and  Victor  were  brothers,  and  Michel  their 
cousin.  The  Babins  were  among  the  earliest  settlers  of  Acadia,  their 
names  appearing  in  the  first  census  of  1671  ;  and  they,  with  the  ancestors 
of  the  Boudreaus,  Bourgeois,  Bourques,  Comeaus,  Corporons,  Cothe- 
reaus,  Doucettes,  Gaudets,  Landrys,  LeBlancs,  Melangons,  Richards, 
Robicheaus,  Theriaults,  and  Thibeaudeaus  of  Yarmouth  County,  are 
believed  to  have  belonged  to  that  respectable  class  of  colonists  brought 
to  Acadia  about  1632  by  the  Seigneurs  de  R.4zillv  and  D'Aulnay  for 
the  permanent  settlement  of  the  country. 

Victor  Babin,  m.  Marguerite  Piot. 

Issue  :  Charles,  m.  Ludivine  Amirault,  d.  Jacques  ist. 
Hippolyte,  m.  Veronique  Meuse,  d.  Pierre  ist. 
Sophique,  m.  Frederic  Surette,  a.  Joseph  ist. 
Charles  Babin,  s.  Victor,  m.  Ludivine  Amirault,  d.  Jacques  ist. 
Issue:  Genevieve,  m.  Charles  Amand  Pothier,  s.  Amand. 
Euphroisine,  m.  Cyrille  Pothier,  s.  Amand. 
Pelagie,  m.  Pierre  Pothier,  s.  Sylvain  ist. 
Madeleine,  m.  Dominique  Pothier,  s.  Sylvain  ist. 
Gabriel,  m.  Fran^oise  D'Entremont,  d.  Charles  Celestin. 
Simon,  m.  Elisabeth  Babin,  d.  Joseph  2d. 
Hippolyte  Babin,  s.  Victor,  m.  Veronique  Meuse,  d.  Pierre  ist. 
Issue :  Marceline,  m.  Pierre  Surette  4th,  s.  Pierre  3d. 
Marie,  m.  Frederick  Burke. 
'^^    Julie,  m.  Andre  Surette,  s.  Pierre  3d.  ,  1 ^  _    

ii.  H^lene  Surette,  d.  Pierre  3d. 
2.  Charlotte  Le  Blanc,  d.  Joseph  Joppd  of  Clare. 
3.  Marguerite  Babin,  d.  Jean  (a  Carino). 


APPENDIX  D.  417 

HiPPOLYTE  Bab  IN,  continued. 

Euphemie,  m.  Ambroise  Trahan  of  Clare. 

Marguerite,  in.  Pierre  Meuse,  s.  Firmain. 

Urbain,  m.  Marguerite  Richard,  d.  Charles. 

Catherine,  m.  Francois  Doucette,  s.  Francois. 

Fran^oise,  m.  Jean  B.  Le  Blanc,  s.  Bernard. 
Joseph  Babin  (Carino),  s.  Michel,  m.  Elisabeth  Le  ISlanc,  d.  Pierre  ist_of  Eel 
Brook. 

SI.  Madeleine  Robicheau. 
2.  Scholastique  Comeau. 
Joseph,  m.  Osithe  Trahan. 
Marguerite,  m.  Gabriel  Surette,  s.  Pierre  2A. 
Elisabeth,  m.  Raphael  .Surette,  s.  Pierre  2d. 
I.  Victoire  Robicheau. 


Michel,  m. 

'2.  Euphroisine  Melan<;on,  w.  Charles. 

Marie,  m.  Patrick  Russell. 

Pierre,  m.  Gertrude  Martin,  d.  Cyprien. 

Pierre  Le  Blanc  ist  of  Eel  Brook,  m.  Marguerite  Amirault,  d.  Joseph  2d. 

Issue  :  Pierre. 

Honore,  m.  J^dithe  Meuse,  d.  Joseph  2d. 

(  I.  Anne  Doucette,  d.  Charles  ist. 
Joseph,  m. !  . 

(  2.  Rosalie  Meuse,  d.  Jean  Pierre. 

Elisabeth,  m.  Joseph  Babin,  s.  Michel  ist.  - 

Charles  (1755-1S27),  m.  Marie  Meuse,  sister  of  JPaul. 

Marie,  m.  Paul  Meuse. 

Honore  Le  Blanc,  s.  Pierre  ist,  m,  Judithe  Meuse,  d.  Joseph  2d. 

Issue :  Scholastique,  m.  Martin  Dulin,  s.  Louis. 

Seraphie,  m.  Jacques  De  Villiers. 

Madeleine,  m.  Germain  Meuse,  s.  Louis  2d. 

Julie,  m.  Eude  Dulin,  s.  Louis. 

Marguerite,  m.  Luc  Meuse,  s.  Louis  ist. 

Pierre,  m.  Scholastique  Meuse,  d.  Firmain. 

Antoine,  m.  Marguerite  Frontain,'[d.  Augustin. 

Jean,  m.  Madeleine  Doucette,  d.  David. 

Marie,  m.  Louis  Le  Fevre  ist. 

Osithe,  m.  Esaie  Meuse,  s.  Firmain. 

(  I.  Anne  Doucette,  d.  Charles  isf. 
Toseph  Le  Blanc,  s.  Pierre  ist,  m- !      ^ 
^  (2.  Rosalie  Meusf,  d.  Jean  Piern. 

Issue  :  Basile,  m.  Ludivine  Robicheau. 

Beniamin,  m.  Ilenriette  Ilebert,  d.  Joseph  2d. 

Fran9ois,  m.  Elisabeth  Doucette,  d.  Francois.     .  

I.  Henriette  Doucette,  d.  Fran9ois. 
Remi,  m.  J  ,        .   . 

Trahan,  w.  Dominique. 


41 8  LE  BLANC. 

Joseph  Le  Blanc,  couthmed. 

Marguerite,  m.  Christophe  Hubert,  s.  Joseph  2d. 

Simon,  m.  Catherine  Meuse,  d.  Frederic. 

Marie,  m.  Jean  Le  Blanc,  s.  Jean,  a  Amand. 

Julie,  m.  Chrysostome  Doucelte,  s.  Francois. 

Elisabeth,  m.  Joseph  Clermont,  s.  Francois. 

Rosalie,  m.  Louis  Doucette,  s.  Fran9ois. 

Ursule,  m.  Rigobert  Meuse,  s.  Dominique. 

Leonice,  m.  Benjamin  Meuse,  s.  Anselme. 

Therese,  m.  Jean  Meuse,  s.  Frederic. 
Charles  Le  Blanc,  s.  Pierre  ist,  m.  Marie  Meuse,  1748-1847. 
Issue :  Benoni,  m.  Susanne  Doucette,  d.  Charles  ist. 

Bernard  (1802),  m.  Marguerite  Doucette,  d.  Michel  ist. 

Jean,  m.  Lucie  Doucette,  d.  Michel  ist. 

Marie,  m.  Joseph  Moulaison  2d,  s.  Joseph. 

Anne,  m.  Jacques  Doucette,  s.  Michel  ist. 

Veronique,  m.  Paul  Doucette,  s.  Charles  1st. 

Marguerite,  m.  Edouard  Doucette,  s.  Michel  ist. 

Madeleine,  not  married. 
Jean  Le  Blanc,  s.  Charles  ist,  m.  Lucie  Doucette,  d.  Michel  ist. 
Issue  :  David,  m.  Marceline  Le  Blanc,  d.  Jean  ist  of  Amirault's  Hill. 

Joseph  Mathurin,  m.  Esther  Meuse,  d.  Louis  2d. 

Seraphin,  m.  Catherine  Meuse,  d.  Louis  2d. 

Jean  Adrien,  m.  Catherine  Meuse,  d.  Gregoire. 
I.  Catherine  Le  Blanc,  d.  Fran9ois. 


Pierre,  m. 

'  2.  Fran9oise  Doucette,  d.  Antoine  of  Clare. 

Monique,  m.  Andre  Doucette,  s.  Timothee. 

Henriette,  m.  Francois  Meuse,  s.  Florent. 

Madeleine,  m.  Louis  Le  Fevre  2d,  s.  Louis. 

Patrice,  drowned  in  his  third  year. 

Anne,  m.  Charles  Meuse,  s.  Dominique,  a  Benjamin. 

Benoni  Le  Blanc,  s.  Charles,  m.  Scsanne  Doucette,  d.  Charles  ist. 

Issue  :  Barnabe,  m.  Perpetue  Le  Blanc,  d.  Jean  of  Amirault's  Hill. 

Firmain,  m.  Madeleine  Robicheau  of  Clare. 

Ursule,  m.  Cyrille  Doucette,  s.  Joseph. 

Perpetue,  m.  Augustin  Clermont,  s.  Fran9ois. 
Bernard  Le  Blanc,  s.  Charles,  ni.  Marguerite  Doucette,  d.  Michel. 

Issue :  Rosalie,  m.  Chrysostome  Meuse,  s.  Gregoire. 
-  Marie  Antoinette,  m.  Maximin  Le  Fevre,  s.  Louis. 

1.  Fran9oise  Babin,  d.  Hippolyte. 

2.  Judithe  Le  Blanc,  d.  Pierre,  a  Honore. 
Jean  Baptiste,  m.  -; 

3.  Marie  Domathilde  Frontain,  d.  Anselme  of  Cape 

Ste.  Marie. 


A  P>  END IX  D.  419 

Bernard  Le  Blanc,  continued. 

Fran9ois,  m.  Rosalie  Dulin,  d.  Martin. 
Pierre,  m.  Elisabeth  Meuse,  d.  Archange. 
Charles,  m.  Rosalie  Le  Fevre,  d.  Louis. 
Marie,  m.  Severin  Doucette,  s.  Athanase. 
Michel,  not  married. 
Marguerite,  died  in  infancy. 

r  I.  1850,  Francoise  Babin,  d.  Hippolyte. 
I  2.  1859,  JuDiTHE  Le  Blanc,  d.  Pierre,  a  Ho- 
Jean  B.  Le  Blanc,  s.  Bernard,  m.  \  nore. 

;.  1S61,  Marie  Domathilde  Frontain,  d. 
Anselme. 
Issue  of  Jean  B.  and  Francoise  :  — 

Elisabeth,  m.  Martin  Surette,  s.  Placide  of  Surette's  Island. 
Marguerite,  m.  Mande  Surette,  s.  Fran9ois. 
Frangoise,  m.  Francois  Doucette,  s.  Germain. 
Rosalie,  m.  Charles  Huntress  of  Wakefield,  Mass. 
Marie,  died  in  infancy. 
Issue  of  Jean  P>.  and  Marie  Domathilde :  — 
Joseph  Henri,  died  in  infancy. 
Joseph  Henri. 
Jean  L. 
Pierre. 
Marc. 

Adele,  m.  Thomas  Abbott  of  Stoneham,  Mass. 
Louis. 
Marie. 

Jean  Baptiste  Le  Bl.\nc,  eldest  son  of  Bernard  and  Marguerite 
Le  Blanc  of  Eel  Lake,  was  born  there  Aug.  21,  1825.  More  fortunate 
than  many  Acadian  youths  of  his  day,  he  had  the  privilege  of  attending 
the  village  schools  taught  by  Pierre  Amirault,  Charles  Theriault,  Hippo- 
lyte Babin,  and  Louis  A.  Surette.  At  the  age  of  fifteen  he  went  to  live 
with  the  Abb6  Goudot,  with  whom  he  remained  for  about  eight  years ; 
and,  under  the  good  abba's  guidance  and  instruction,  he  became  himself 
qualified  for  a  school-teacher,  —  a  position  he  filled  for  about  eight  years 
at  different  periods  between  1848  and  1863  ;  namely,  two  years  each  at 
Eel  Brook  and  Abram's  River,  one  year  at  Eel  Lake,  and  three  years  at 
the  Forks.  ,    •-;    ■  .  ,.     ;       .^-.-    ^/.^—__^ ;__:.;__— 

In  1 85 1   Mr.  Le  Blanc  engaged  in  business  at  Eel  Brook,  and  built 


4*3  JEAN  B.  LE  BLANC. 

some  vessels  there  upon  the  eastern  bank  of  Abram's  River.  In  1853 
he  was  concerned  in  the  contract  for  the  brig  Gold-hunter  of  295  tons, 
built  for  Gilbert  Sanderson  and  others.  In  1856,  under  a  contract  with 
Joseph  B.  Stoneman  and  Thomas  B.  Dane,  he  built  the  Annie  Laurie  of 
258  tons.  In  1858  he  built,  on  his  own  account,  the  brig  Eugenie  of 
370  tons,  which  vessel  was  purchased  by  Louis  A.  Surette,  rigged  into 
a  bark,  and,  with  the  name  changed  to  the  Thomas  Whitney,  was 
placed  upon  Glidden  &  Williams's  regular  line  of  packet-ships  between 
Boston  and  London. 

In  1859  Mr.  Le  Blanc  was  appointed  a  justice  of  the  peace  for 
Yarmouth  County ;  and  with  evident  satisfaction  he  recalls  an  occasion 
when  in  argument  he  was  able  to  lead  older  heads  upon  the  bench  to 
a  just  concluiion,  which  otherwise,  though  with  the  best  intentions,  they 
might  have  failed  to  reach. 

In  1845  the  Abb^  Goudot  purchased  a  neat  cottage  with  twenty  acres 
of  land  attached  opposite  the  Eel  Brook  presbytere,  to  which  he  removed 
shortly  before  he  gave  up  the  charge  of  the  Parish  of  Ste.  Anne ;  and 
when,  in  1859,  he  finally  left  Eel  Brook,  in  remembrance  of  the  kind 
treatment  received  from  Jean  B.  and  Frangoise  Le  Blanc,  who  had 
lived  with  him  since  their  marriage  in  1850,  the  abbe  executed 
a  will,  bequeathing  to  them  and  their  children  his  property  at  Eel 
Brook. 

In  1880  Mr.  Le  Blanc  removed  with  his  family  to  Wakefield,  Mass., 
and  thence  two  years  later  to  Stoneham,  where  they  now  reside  ;  but 
while  on  a  visit  to  Eel  Brook  in  1886,  Mr.  Le  Blanc  intimated  to  bis 
friends  there  his  intention  of  returning  in  1888  (D.  V.)  to  his  old 
homestead. 

It  is  perhaps  needless  to  add  that  the  writer  has  found  no  one  whose 
personal  knowledge  of  the  Acadian  families  of  Argyle  generally  is  more 
correct  or  extensive  than  that  of  Jean  B.  Le  Blanc. 

Amand  Le  Blanc  ist,  between  whom  and  the  Le  Blancs  of  Eel 
Brook  and  Tusket  Wedge  no  relationship  can  be  here  established,  was 
one  of  the  early  settlers  of  the  district  on  the  eastern  side  of  the  Tusket 
River,  below  what  is  now  Tusket  village.  He  was  appointed  surveyor 
of  highways  in  1792,  and  in  1801  he  participated  in  the  distribution  of 
the  lands  originally  granted  to  Gov.  Montague  Wilmot. 


APPENDIX  D.  421 

Amand  Le  Blanc  ist  m.  Isabelle  Meuse,  d.  Dominique  1st. 

( I.  Helene  Doucette,  d.  Jean  2d  of  Chebec. 
Issue  :  Chrysostome,  m.  j 

( 2.  Fran9oise  Hebert,  d.  Charles  ist. 

Jean,  m.  Nannette  Meuse,  d.  Joseph  2d. 

Genevieve,  m.  Francois  Doucette,  s.  Joseph  isi. 

I.  HitLfeNE  Doucette,  d.  Jean  2d. 


Chrysostome  Le  Blanc,  s.  Amand,  m. ; 

2.  Francoise  HEBfeRT,  d.  Charles  ist. 

Issue :  Chrysostome,  m.  Mathilde  Meuse,  d.  Fran9ois. 

L^on,  m.  Marie  Susanne  Meuse,  d.  Fran9ois. 

Marc,  m.  Madeleine  Landry,  d.  Frederic. 

Henriette,  m.  Jacques  Amirault,  s.  Jacques  2d. 

Seraphie,  m.  Marc  Amirault,  s.  Jacques  2d. 

Adele,  m.  Maximin  Meuse,  s.  Fran9ois. 

Jean  Le  Blanc,  s.  Amand,  m.  Nannette  Meuse,  d.  Joseph  2d. 

I.  Dominique  Meuse,  s.  Benjamin. 


Issue :   Isabelle,  m. 

(  2.  Emmanuel  Meuse. 

Marguerite,  m.  Augustin  Doucette,  s.  Joseph  ist. 

Anne,  m.  Hilaire  Amirault,  s.  Jacques  2d. 

Marie,  m.  Magloire  Richard,  s.  Antoine  ist. 

Amand,  m.  Charlotte  Boucher,  d.  Jean  ist. 

Jean  G.,  m.  Marie  Le  Blanc,  d.  Joseph  ist  of  Eel  Brook. 

Marceline,  m.  David  Le  Blanc,  s.  Jean,  a  Charles. 

Madeleine,  m.  Thomas  Cothereau,  s.  Jean  ist. 

Perpetue,  m.  Barnabe  Le  Blanc,  s.  Benoni. 
Joseph  Moulaison  ist  of  Amirault's  Hill,  m.  Marie  Comeau. 
Issue]:  Joseph  2d,  m.  Marie  Le  Blanc,  d.  Charles  ist 

Guillaume,  removed  to  Magdalen  Islands. 

Michel,  m.  Monique  Meuse,  d.  Pierre,  no  issue. 

Anne,  m.  Frederic  Meuse,  s.  Louis  ist. 

Marguerite,  m.  Isaac  Meuse,  s.  Paul. 

Genevieve,  m.  Jean  Baptiste  Meuse  ist  of  "the  Forks." 

Brigide,  m.  Basile  Bertrand,  s.  Jean. 

Josephte,  m.  Paul  Bertrand,  s.  Jean. 
Joseph  Moulaison  2d,  s.  Joseph,  m.  Marie  Le  Blanc,  d.  Charles  ist. 
Issue  :  Anibroise,  m.  Marguerite  Thibault  of  Clare. 

Matthias,  m.  Henriette  Thibault  of  Clare. 

Marc,  m.  Marie  Thibault  of  Clare. 

Damas,  m.  Celeste  Meuse,  d.  Luc. 

(i.  Rosalie  Thibault  of  Clare.      

Cyrille,  m. }  .  ,   ^         . 

(2.  Rosalie  Meuse,  d.  Gregoire. 

Madeleine,  m.  Simon  Meuse,  s.  Louis  2d. 

Genevieve,  m.  Frederic  Meuse,  s.  Louis  2d. 


422  .VO  ULAISON.  —  DOUCE  TTE. 

Joseph  Moulaison,  continued. 

Catherine,  m.  Archange  Meuse,  s.  Firmaiu. 
Marguerite,  m.  Calixte  Meuse,  s.  Firmain. 
Marie  Therese,  m.  Geo»-'^;e  Meuse,  s.  Benjamin. 

The  name  of  Doucette  has  been  long  distinguished  in  Acadian 
history,  men  of  that  name  having  been  often  found  holding  important 
positions.  There  appear  to  have  been  two,  or  perhaps  three,  branches 
of  the  family  in  Argyle ;  though  it  may  be  that  Jean,  the  head  of  one 
family,  never  lived  in  the  county. 

Jean  Doucette  ist,  m. 

Issue :  Michel  ist,  m.  Marie  Meuse,  d.  Dominique  1st. 

Jean  2d,  m.  Padene  Amirault,  d.  Joseph  2d,  settled  at'Chebec. 

.    Nannette,  m.  Benjamin  Meuse  1st  of  Meuse's  Point. 

Michel  Doucette  ist,  s.  Jean  ist,  m.  Marie  Meuse,  d.  Dominique  ist. 

Issue  :  David,  m.  Isabella  Meuse,  d.  Pierre,  removed  to  Ste.  Croix. 

Michel,  m.  Marguerite  Frontain,  d.  Victor,  settled  at  Salmon  River. 

Joseph,  m.  Angelique  Meuse,  d.  Paul. 

( I.  Anne  Le  Blanc,  d.  Charles  ist. 
Jacques,  m.  {  , 

(  2.  Theotiste  Meuse,  d.  Nicolas. 

ii.  Marguerite  Le  Blanc,  d.  Charles  1st. 
2.  Monique  Doucette,  d.  Sylvain^ist  of  Chebec. 
Anne,  m.  Jean  Boucher  ist. 
Rosalie,  m.  Jean  B.  Thibault  of  Clare. 
Elisabeth,  m.  Augustin  Frontain,  s.  Victor. 
Marie,  m.  Jean  Hebert,  s.  Joseph  ist. 
Genevieve,  m.  Firmain  Meuse,  s.  Louis  ist. 
Lucie,  m.  Jean  Le  Blanc,  s.  Charles  ist. 
Marguerite  (1795').  •"•  Bernard  Le  Blanc,  s.  Charles  ist. 
Henriette,  not  married. 

I.  Anne  Le  Blanc,  d.  Charles  ist. 
Theotiste  Meuse,  d.  Nicolas. 
Issue  :  Jean  Marin,  m.  Madeleine  Doucette,  d.  Timothee. 
Athanase,  m.  Madeleine  Meuse,  d.  Nicolas. 
Michel,  died  unmarried. 
Remi,  m.  Perpetue  Meuse,  d.  Nicolas. 
Jicques,  m.  Anne  Meuse,  d.  Dominique,  a  Paul. 
Monice,  m.  Archange  Meuse,  s.  Anselme,  a  Benjamin. 
Cyrille,  m.  Vitaline  Meuse,  d.  Basile, 
Cieme;it,  m.  Rosalie  Duiin,  d.  Martin. 

'  Still  living. 


Jacques  Doucette,  s.  Michel  ist,  m.    \ 


APPENDIX  D.  423 


Jacques  Doucette,  continued. 

Marguerite,  m.  Vital  Meuse,  s.  Basile. 

Anne,  m.  Thelesphore  Meuse,  s.  Basile. 

Henriette,  m.  Cyrille  Meuse,  s.  Cyrille,  a  Anselme. 

Marie,  m.  Joseph  Hebert,  s.  Jean. 

By  2d  wife  :  — 

( I.  Marie  Hebert,  d.  Joseph  "jd. 
Levi.m.        ^  .      ^         .      ,  ^,  1  .  , 

(  2.  Fran90ise  Frontain,  d.  Gabriel. 

Michel,  married  and  settled  in  Clare. 

Gervais,  m.  Sylvie  Meuse,  d.  Fran(;ois,  a  Francois. 

Catherine,  m.  Alexis  Doucette,  s.  Joseph  Mathurin. 

Dosite,  m.  Sophique  Doucette,  d.  Joseph  Mathurin. 

Madeleine,  m.  Josue  Hebert,  s.  Joseph  3d. 

Elisabeth,  m.  Louis  Hebert,  s.  Clement. 

Rosalie,  m.  Marc  Le  Blanc,  s.  Benjamin,  a  Joseph. 

Jacques  Doucette  had  nine  other  children  who  died  young. 

Joseph  Doucette,  s.  Michel  ist,  m.  Angelique  Meuse,  d.  Paul. 

Issue  :  Michel  Patrice,  m.  Nannette  Meuse,  d.  Fran9ois,  a  Jean  P. 

Joseph  Mathurin,  m.  Julie  Bertrand,  d.  Basile. 

Jean  Baptiste,  m.  Julienne  Meuse,  d.  Basile. 

Franfoise,  m.  Pierre  A.  Doucette,  s.  Charles  2d. 

(I.  Elisabeth  Meuse,  d.  Frederic  2d. 
Robert,  m.    { 

(  2.  Rosalie  Meuse,  d.  Fran9ois,  a  Fran5ois. 

Rosalie,  m.  Cyrille  Baptiste  Meuse,  s.  Jean  Baptiste  1st. 

Marie,  m.  Zacharie  Meuse,  s.  Maximin. 

Frangois  David,  m.  Honorine  Doucette,  d.  Augustin. 

Sophique,  m.  Mande  Doucette,  s.  Charles  2d. 

Elisabeth,  m.  SyWaio  T.Teuse,  s.  Frederic  ist. 

ScholastiquL,  m.  Charles  Charrette,  a  schoolmaster. 

Julienne,  ni.  Simon  Dulin,  s.  Martin. 

( I.  Marguerite  Le  Blanc,  d.  Charles  ist. 
Edouard  Doucette,  s.  Michel  ist,  m.  J 

(  2.  MoNiQUE  DucETTE,  d.  Sylvain  of  Chebec. 

Issue  :  R^mi,  m.  Rosalie  Meuse,  d.  Louis  2d. 

Henriette,  m.  Jacques  Meuse,  s.  Nicolas. 

Anselme,  m.  Marie  Dulin,  d.  Martin. 

Leonice,  m.  Fran9ois  Dulin,  s.  Eude. 

\  I.  Fran9ois  Le  Fevre,  s.  Louis. 


Marguerite,  m.  r      •      j 

2.  Joseph  Meuse,  s.  Louis  2d. 

Jean,  m.  Fran9oise  Dulin,  d.  Martin. 

Patrice,  died  young. 

Charles  Doucette  ist  of  Tusket  Hill,  m.  F^licit^  Meuse. 

Issue :  Paul,  m.  Veronique  Le  Blanc,  d.  Charles  ist. 


424  DOUCETTE. 

Charles  Doucette,  continued. 

Charles  2d,  m.  Anne  Meuse,  d.  Louis  ist. 

Th^otiste,  m.  Louis  Meuse  2f'.  s.  Louis  ist. 

(  I.  Benoni  Le  Blanc,  s.  Charles  ist. 
Susanne,  ni.  \ 

( 2.  Francois  Castin. 

Anastasie,  m.  Nicolas  Meuse,  s.  Paul. 

Anne,  m.  Joseph  Le  Blanc,  s.  Pierre  ist  of  Eel  Brook. 

Marie,  m.  Abraham  Corporon,  s.  Eustache. 

Osithe,  m.  Eleazar  Robicheau,  s.  Pierre  ist  of  Chebec. 

Marguerite,  m.  Honort  Robicheau,  s.  Pierre  ist  of  Chebec. 

Ursule,  m.  Etienne  Bertrand,  s.  Jean. 

Paul  Doucette,  s.  Charles  ist,  m.  Veroni<>ue  Le  Blanc,  d.  Charles  ist. 

Issue  :  Germain,  m.  Marguerite  De  Viiiiers,  d.  Jacques. 

Simon  I?.,  m.  Scholastic  ne  Meuse,  d.  Jean  B.  (Gar9on). 

Charles  Casimir,  m.  Jeanne  Le  Blanc,  d.  Pierre,  a  Honore. 

Pierre,  died  unmarried. 

Gabriel,  m.  Elisabeth  Meuse,  d.  Esaie. 

Fran(,ois,  m.  Madeleine  Meuse,  d.  Germain. 

Anne,  m.  Remi  Burette,  s.  Pierre  3d. 

Fran9oise,  m.  Jacques  Doucette,  s.  Louis. 

Marie,  m.  Remi  Le  Fevre,  s.  Louis. 

Charles  Doucette  2d,  s.  Charles,  m.  Anne  Meuse,  d.  Pierre  ist. 
Issue :  Simon,  m.  Seraphie  Dulin,  d.  Martin. 

Pierre  A.,  m.  Franyoise  Doucette,  d.  Joseph,  a  Michel. 

David,  m.  Cecile  Meuse,  d.  Anselme,  a  Paul. 

Louis  Thomas,  m.  Veronique  Dulin. 

Marie,  m.  Joseph  M.  Meuse,  s.  Anselme,  a  Paul. 

Scholastique,  m.  Cyrille  Meuse,  s.  Anselme,  a  Paul. 

Catherine,  m.  Maurice  Frontain,  s.  Gabriel. 

Mande,  m.  Sophique  Doucette,  d.  Joseph,  a  Michel. 
Jean^Doucette  2d  of  Chebec,  s.  Jean,  m.  Pad^ne  Amirault,  d.  Josephj2d. 
I.  Genevieve  Boudreau,  d.  Michel. 


Issue :  Pierrcf  m. 

2.  Jeannette  Meuse,  d.  Benjamin  ist. 

Michel,  m.  Marie  Robicheau,  d.  Pierre  ist  of  Chebec. 

Sylvain,  m.  Rosalie  Cothereau,  d.  Jean  ist. 

Cecile,  m.  Antoine  Richard  ist  of  Chebec. 

Helene,  m.  Chrysostome  Le  Blanc,  s.  Amand  ist. 

Veronique,  m.  Anselme  Doucette  of  Cape  Ste.  Marie. 

I.  G^NEViivE  Boudreau,  d.  Michel  ist. 

'  2.  Jeannette  Meuse,  d.  Benjamin  ist. 

Issue  :  Cyrille,  m. Parfit,  d.  Thomas. 

Celestin,  m.  Henriette  Cothereau,  d.  Jean  ist.        "^'  "!' T'~^**  ^ — -' 


Pierre  Doucette,  s.  Jean  2d,  m.  \ 


APPENDIX  D.  425 


Pierre  Dol'cette,  toiitinufif. 

Ignace,  m.  Elisabeth  COthereaii,  d.  Jean  ist. 

I.  Catherine  Robicheau,  d.  Honor^. 


Ange,  m. 

(  2.  Mathilda  Cothereau,  d.  Pierre. 

Pierre,  m.  Marie  Robicheau,  d.  Honore. 

Epiphane,  m.  Marie  Meuse,  d.  Dominique,  a  Paul. 

Cesar,  m.  Genevieve  Meuse,  d.  Luc. 

Catherine,  m.  Thomas  Cothereau,  s.  Jean  ist. 

Julie,  m.  Denis  Meuse,  s.  Benjamin  ist. 

Petronille,  m.  Zacharie  Le  Blanc,  s.  Basile. 

I.  Vincent  Cothereau  2d,  s.  Vincent. 


Caroline,  m. 

.  2.  Hilaire  Richard,  s.  Magloire. 

MicHEL_DoucETTE,  s.  Jean  2d,  m.  Marie  Robicheau,  d.  Pierre  ist. 

Issue  :  Ambroise,  m.  Madeleine  Comeau,  d.  Ephraini. 

Archange,  m.  Marguerite  Surette,  d.  Frederic,  a  Pierre  2d. 

Fran(,oise,  m.  Jerome  Cothereau,  s.  Jean  ist. 

Marguerite,  married  in  Clare. 

Sylvain  Doucette  1st,  s.  Jean  2d,  m.  Rosalie  Cothereau,  d.  Jean  ist. 

Issue :  Jean  R.,  m.  Scholastique  Meuse,  d.  Joseph  3d. 

I.  .Stephanie  Richard,  d.  Charles. 


Franfois,  m. 

2.  Julienne  Moulaison,  d.  Matthias. 

Michel,  m.  Gertrude  Pothier,  d.  Joseph,  a  Amand. 

Jerome,  m.  Philomene  Richard,  d.  Charles. 

Sylvain,  m.  Genevieve  Amirault,  d.  Hilaire. 

Marie,  m.  David  Clermont,  s.  Fran(,'ois. 

Monique,  m.  Edouard  Doucette,  s.  Michel  ist. 

Elisabeth,  m.  Cyriaque  Thibault,  s.  Jean  B.  of  Clare- 
Rosalie,  ni.  Eusebe  Thibault,  s.  Jean  B.  of  Clare. 

Marguerite,  not  married. 

Seraphie,  not  married. 

Mathilde,  m.  Francois  Sylvain  De  Villiers,  s.  Jacques. 

Genevieve,  m.  Honor^  De  Villiers,  s.  Jacques. 
Joseph  Doucette  ist  of  Tusket  Hill,  m.  Ludivine  Meuse,  d.  Dominique  1st. 
Issue:  Fran9ois,  m.  Genevieve  Le  Blanc,  d.  Amand  ist. 

Augustin,  m.  Marguerite  Le  Blanc,  d.  Jean,  a  Amand. 

Joseph,  m.  Nathalie  Meuse,  d.  ' 

Timothee,  m.  Gertrude  Meuse,  d.  Benjamin. 

Osithe,  m.  Joseph  Hebert  2d,  s.  Joseph. 

Ludivine,  m.  Fran(;ois  Clermont,  s.  Paul  of  Wilson's  Island. 
Francois  Doucette,  s.  Joseph  ist,  m.  Genevieve  Le  Blanc,  d.  Amand. 

Issue  :  Andre,  m.  Anne  Melanfon.  '._  :  - ' '  — 
Louis,  m.  Rosalie  Le  Blanc,  d.  Joseph  ist  of  Eel  Brook.       * 


436  FRO  NT  A  IN. 

FRAN901S  DoUCETTK,  continued. 

_  .  r  I.  Catherine  Habin,  d.  Flippolyte. 

Francois,  m.  { 

(2.  Marie  Saulnier,  w.  [nie  Cothereau,  d.  Charles). 

Chrysoatome,  m.  Julie  Le  Blanc,  d.  Joseph  ist  of  Eel  Brook. 

Elisabeth,  m.  Francois  Le  Blanc,  s.  Joseph  1st  of  Eel  Brook. 

Henriette,  m.  Remi  Le  Blanc,  s.  Joseph  1st  of  Eel  Brook. 

Simon,  m.  Mary  Blaney,  d.  William. 
AuGUSTiN  DoucETTE,  s.  Joseph  ist,  m.  Marguerite  Le  Blanc,  d.  Jean. 
Issue :  Solon,  m.  Madeleine  Meuse,  d.  Benjamin  2d. 

Olivier,  m.  Euphroisine  Meuse,  d.  Isaac. 

Guillaume,  m.  Ludivine  Le  Blanc,  d.  Baiile. 

Marie,  ni.  Frederic  Landry. 

Catherine,  m.  Mande  Meuse,  s.  Frederic  ist. 

Agnes  Franyoise,  m.  Pierre  Marin  Meuse,  s.  Luc. 

Honorine,  m.  rrani;ois  D.  Doucette,  s.  Joseph,  a  Michel. 

Anne,  m.  Remi  Le  Blanc,  s.  Francois,  a  Joseph  ist. 
Joseph  Doucette,  s.  Joseph  ist,  m.  Nathalie  Meuse. 
Issue  :  Cyrille,  m.  Ursule  Le  Blanc,  d.  Benoni. 

Anne,  not  married. 

Marceline,  not  married. 

Seraphie,  m.  Antoine  Doucette  of  Cape  Ste.  Marie. 

Julie,  m.  Louis  Cyprien  Dulin,  s.  Louis  ist. 
Alexandre  Frontain,  m. 

\  I.  Marguerite  Corporon,  d.  Eustache. 


Issue :  Victor,  m.  , 

2.  Marguerite  Meuse,  d.  Joseph  2d. 

Olivier,  settled  in  Clare. 

Colombe,  m.  Pierre  Burette  3d,  s.  Pierre  2d. 

Pauline,  m.  Louis  Dulin  ist. 

Venerante,  m.  Gregoire  Meuse,  s.  Benjamin  ist. 

,  m.  Antoine  Comeau  of  Clare. 

Olivier  Frontain,  s.  Alexandre,  m. 

Issue :  Joseph. 

Jeanf 

Hilaire  of  Morris's  Island. 

Anselme,  m.  Marie  Doucette,  d.  Dominique. 

I.  Marguerite  Corporon,  d.  Eustache. 


Victor  Frontain,  s.  Alexandre,  m.  ,      ,,  ,,  ,  ^        ,.   , 

2.  Marguerite  Meuse,  d.  Joseph32d 

Issue  :  Augustin,  m.  Elisabeth  Doucette,  d.  Michel  ist. 
Marguerite,  m.  Michel  Doucette,  s.  Michel  ist. 
Victor,  supposed  lost  at  sea.  .  :_i_:. 

By  2d  wife  :  — 

Pierre  (1810),  m.  Marie  Elisabeth  Corporon,  d.  Simon. 
Charlotte,  m.  Augustin  Hebert,  s.  Joseph. 
Victor,  died  unmarried,  aged  20. 


APPEXDIX  D.  427 

AuousTiN  Frontain,  s.  Victor,  m.  Elisabeth  DoucrrrE,  d.  Michel  ist. 
Issue:  Gabriel,  m.  Fran(,oise  Meuse,  d.  Paul. 

Marc,  m.  Elisabeth  Meuse,  d.  Jean  liaptiste  ist 

Simon,  lost  at  sea,  unmarried. 

Marguerite,  m.  Antoine  Le  Hlanc,  s.  Honor^. 

Sara,  m.  Joseph  Hurlburt,  s.  Israel  1st. 

Marie  Anne,  ni.  Cyrille  Dulin,  s.  Martin. 
I'lERRE  Frontain,  s.  Victor,  m.  Marie  Elisabeth  Corporon,  d.  Simon. 
Issue:  Jean  (1836),  left  home  in  i860,  served  in  United-States  ship  Minnesota 
during  war,  not  heard  from  lately. 

Cyrille,  m.  Judique  Meuse,  d.  Clement. 

Marie,  m.  Patrice  Doucette,  s.  Michel  Patrice. 

Marguerite,  m.  Jean  S.  Doucette,  s.  Jean,  a  Jacques  ist. 

Simon,  m.  Fran^oise  Doucette,  d.  Athanase,  a  Jacques  ist. 

Julie,  m.  Dominique  Doucette,  s.  Jean,  a  Jacques  ist. 

Genevieve  Vitaline,  m.  Lester  Benoit  of  St.  Jacques,  Quebec. 

Remi,  m.  Annie  McLeary  of  Wakefield,  Mass. 

Mathilde,  died  in  childhood. 
Joseph  H^BfeRT  ist,  m.  Clementine  Meuse,  w.  Dominique  ist. 
Issue  :  Joseph  2d,  m.  Osithe  Doucette,  d.  Joseph  ist. 

Osithe,  m.  Francois  Meuse,  s.  Jean  Pierre. 

Jean,  m.  Marie  Doucette,  d.  Michel  ist. 

Venerante,  m.  Joseph  Meuse  3d,  s.  Joseph  2d. 

Angelique,  m.  Benjamin  Meuse  2d,  s.  Jean  Pierre. 

Charles. 
Joseph  Heb^rt  2d,  s.  Joseph,  m.  Osithe  Doucette,  d.  Joseph  ist. 
Issue  :  Augustin,  m.  Charlotte  Frontain,  d.  Victor. 

Joseph  3d,  m.  Brigide  Meuse,  d.  Anselme,  a  Paul. 

Charles,  m.  Marie  Anne  Le  Blanc. 

Marie,  m.  Guillaume  Deveau  (2d  wife). 

Henriette,  m.  Benjamin  Le  Blanc,  s.  Joseph  ist  of  Eel  Brook. 

Christophe,  m.  Marguerite  Le  Blanc,  d.  Joseph  1st  of  Eel  Brook. 

Angelique,  m.  Cyrille  Amirault,  s.  Jacques  2d. 

Elisabeth,  not  married. 
Jean  Bertrand,  m.  Anastasie  Clermoxt,  d.  Paul  ist 

1.  Madeleine  Corporon,  d.  Abraham. 

2.  Rosalie  Dulin,  d.  Louis  ist. 
Paul,  m.  Josephte  Moulaison,  d.  Joseph  ist. 
Etienne,  m.  Ursule  Doucette,  d.  Charles  ist. 
Basile,  m.  Brigide  Moulaison,  d.  Joseph  ist. 
Victoire,  m.  Samuel  Robbins. 
Adelaide,  m.  Joseph  Robicheau  of  Clare.      '  "  "^  " 


Issue  :  Benjamin,  m.    J 


428  CL  ERMOA'  T.  —  D  ULIN.  —  BOUCHER. 

Jean  Bertrand,  continued. 

Anastasie,  m.  Amand  Le  Blanc  of  Clare. 

Anne,  m.  Jean  Blaise  Meuse,  s.  Dominique,  a  Benjamin. 

Cecile,  m.  Jean  Marie  Blanchard. 

Madeleine,  not  married. 
Paul  Clermont,  m. 

Issue  :  Fran9ois,  m.  Ludivine  Doucette,  d.  Joseph  ist. 

Paul  2d,  removed. 

Anastasie,  m.  Jean  Bertrand. 

Ludivine,  m.  Olivier  Robicheau  of  Clare. 
Francois  Clermont,  s.  Paul  isi,  m.  Ludivine  Doucette,  d.  Joseph  ist. 
Issue  :  David,  m.  Marie  Doucette,  d.  Sylvain  ist. 

Joseph,  m.  Elisabeth  Le  Blanc,  d.  Joseph  of  Eel  Brook. 

Augustin,  m.  Perpetue  Le  Blanc,  d.  Benoni. 

Marguerite,  m.  Jean  David  Meuse,  s.  Jean  2d. 

Angelique,  ra.  Michel  Meuse,  s.  Jean  2d. 

Nathalie  Rachel,  ni.  Joseph  Deveau  of  Clare. 

Marie,  m.  Charles  Theriault  of  Clare. 

Veronique,  m.  Joseph  Hebert,  s.  Jean. 

Rosalie,  not  married. 
Louis  Dulin  ist,  m.  Pauline  Frontain,  d.  Alexandre. 
Issue  :  Martin,  m.  Scholastique  Le  Blanc,  d.  Honore. 

Eude,  m.  Julie  Le  Blanc,  d.  Honore. 

j  I.  Julie  Doucette,  d.  Joseph. 

.  2.  Vitaline  Meuse,  d.  Cyrille,  a  Anselme. 

Francoise,  m.  Basile  Meuse,  s.  Benjamin  ist. 

Elisabeth,  m.  Florent  Meuse,  s.  Dominique,  a  Paul. 

Rosalie,  m.  Benjamin  Bertrand,  s.  Jean. 

Marie,  m.  Guillaume  Deveau. 
Jean  Boucher  ist,  m.  Anne  Doucette,  d.  Michel  ist. 
Issue:  Jean  B.,  m.  Sophique  Meuse,  d.  Jean  2d. 

Simon,  m.  Marguerite  Meuse,  d.  Luc. 

Anselme,  m.  Marie  Meuse,  d.  Luc. 

Gabriel,  lost  with  brigantine  Jeiuess  on  Pubnico  Point  in  1844. 

Marie  Anne,  m.  Jean  B.  Meuse  (Gar(;on),  s.  Joseph  3d. 

Madeleine,  m.  Fran9ois  Meuse,  s.  Dominique,  a  Benjamin. 

Leonice,  m.  Zacharie  Meuse,  s.  Anselme,  a  Benjamin. 

Charlotte,  m.  Amand  Le  Blanc,  s.  Jean,  a  Amand. 

Marie,  m.  Eusebe  Meuse,  s.  Jean  2d. 
Louis  Le  Fevre  ist,  m.  Marie  Le  Blanc,  d.  Honore. 
Issue  :  Louis  2d,  m.  Madeleine  Le  Blanc,  d.  Jean,  a  Charles. 

Remi,  m.  Marie  Doucette,  d.  Paul. 


Louis  Cyprien,  m. 


APPENDIX  D.  429 

Louis  Le  FfevRE,  continued. 

Maximin,  m.  Marie  Antoinette  Le  Blanc,  d.  Bernard. 

Rosalie,  m.  Charles  Le  Blanc,  s.  Bernard. 

Madeleine,  ni.  Alexandre  Meuse,  s.  Firtnain. 

Francois,  tn.  Marguerite  Doucette,  d.  Edouard. 

Amable,  m.  Marie  Meuse,  d.  Florent. 

Toussaint,  m.  Julienne  Meuse,  d.  Frederic  2d. 

Elisabeth,  m.  Patrice  Frontain,  s.  Gabri'"!. 
SvLVESTRF.  Jacquard,  m.  Marie  Meuse,  d.  Paul. 
Issue:  Jovite,  m.  Genevieve  Meuse,  d.  Jean  Baptiste  is;. 

Seraphin,  ni.  Madeleine  Meuse,  d.  Luc. 

Elisabeth,  m.  Gervais  De  Villiers,  s.  Jacques. 

Joseph,  ni.  Marine  Clermont,  d.  David. 

Benjamin,  m.  Margaret  Fitzgerald,  d.  John. 

Mande,  m.  llenriette  Boucher,  d.  Jean  B. 

Leon,  m.  Helen  Fitzgerald,  d.  John. 

Paul,  m.  Catherine  De  Villiers,  d.  Jean  B. 

Julienne,  m.  Michael  Fitzgerald,  s.  John. 

Philomene,  m.  Felix  Boucher,  s.  Jean  B. 

Marine,  m.  Damien  Meuse,  s.  Jean  David. 

The  genealogy  of  some  of  the  old  Acadian  famihes  of  Argyle  is  not 
now  easily  adjusted,  and  especially  that  c?f  the  Meuse  '  family,  which 
appears  to  have  several  branches  in  the  county,  although  they  are  prob- 
ably nearly  related  ;  and,  according  to  the  traditions  of  the  family,  they 
unite  in  their  veins  the  best  of  the  blood  royal  of  America  with  that  of 
certain  kings  of  France,  with  which  governors  and  barons,  and  the  sons 
of  governors  and  barons,  have  been  proud  to  become  allied. 

After  the  return  from  e.xile  in  1 766  or  thereabouts,  we  find  Pierre 
and  Louis  Meuse  parties  to  the  purchase  in  1773  of  a  part  of  the  Eel 
Brook  district  from  the  Rev.  John  Breynton,  and  we  have  a  fair  record 
of  their  families. 

Paul  Meuse  and  his  sister  Marie,  who  married  Charles  Le  Blanc 
I  St,  were  among  those  taken  to  New  England  in  1 755,  and  they  returned 
from  Salem  to  Argyle  about  1765. 

About  a  thousand  of  the  Acadians  were  taken  to  Massachusetts  in 

1755,  and  distributed  and  redistributed  among  the  various  towns.     In 

1756,  there  were  thirty-two  at  Salem,  and  among  them  Francois  Meuse 

'  Pronounced  .!//«<.(•. 


430  ME  USE. 

and  family,  —  eight  all  together.  Twelve  more  were  sent  from  other 
towns  to  Salem  in  1 760 ;  among  these  was  John  Meuse,  with  his  wife 
and  children.  When  about  to  return  to  Nova  Scotia  in  1 766,  there  were 
a  hundred  and  forty-one  Acadians  gathered  at  Salem  for  that  purpose. 

In  1 760,  there  were  at  Framingham,  Mass.,  John  White  (Le  Blanc) 
and  his  wife  Clear  (Claire)  and  their  children,  Peter,  Molle,  Sable, 
Joseph,  Margaret,  Keziah,  Maudlin,  and  Peton,  following  the  orthography 
of  the  town-clerk  of  Framingham.  Maudlin  means  Madeleine,  and 
Peton  stands  for  Petite-Anne.  At  Concord,  Mass.,  were  Charles  Trahant 
and  his  wife  Tithorn  (another  spelling  of  Petite-Anne) ,  and  also  Glode 
White  (Claude  Le  Blanc),  with  his  wife  and  children,  Mary,  Charles, 
Margaret,  Magdalen,  Joseph,  John,  Peter,  Anne,  Rose,  and  Simeon. 

Benjamin  Meuse  ist,  formerly  of  Meuse's  Point  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Tusket  River,  whose  sister  Marie  married  Michel  Doucette  ist,  was 
half-brother  to  the  late  Isidore  Doucette  of  Passe-de-Pr«^  and  Dominique 
Doucette  of  Cape  Ste.  Marie  ;  and  his  mother,  having  been  left  a  second 
time  a  widow,  married  Joseph  Hubert  ist. 

John  Pierre  Meuse,  formerly  of  Jeffery's  Point,  and  Jean  Baptiste 
Meuse  ist,  the  pioneer  of  the  settlement  at  "The  Forks,"  are  now 
represented  by  numerous  descendants  from  the  mouth  of  the  Tusket 
River  and  Goose  Bay  to  the  remotest  settlements  at  "  The  Forks  ;  "  and 
some  of  them  are  to  be  found  establishing  good  records  elsewhere  in 
Nova  Scotia  as  well  as  in  Massachusetts  towns  where  they  have  gone 
during  the  last  twenty  years. 

There  is  at  Halifax  an  old  record  of  some  Acadian  families  of  Argyle 
in  1 7  7 1 ,  which  gives  an  account,  copied  below,  of  the  family  of  Joseph 
Mius  and  Marie  Prejean  ;  and  their  son  Joseph  was  probably  he,  a 
record  of  whos(      mily  immediately  follows. 

Joseph  Mius,  married  Marik  Prejean. 
Issue  :  Louis,  Joseph,  Anne. 

Joseph  Meuse  2d,  m. 

Issue  :  Marguerite,  m.  Victor  Frontain,  s.  Alexandre. 

Marie  Anne,  m.  Abraham  Corporon  2d,  s.  Abraham. 
Judithe,  m.  Honore  Le  Blanc,  s.  Pierre  ist  of  Eel  Brook. 
Nannette,  m.  Jean  Le  Blanc,  s.  Amand. 
Seraphie,  m.  Anselme  Meuse,  s.  Benjamin  ist. 
Joseph  3d,  m.  Venerante  Hebert,  d.  Joseph  ist. 


APPENDIX  D.  431 

Joseph  Meuse  3d,  s.  Joseph  2d,  m.  Venerante  Hubert,  d.  Joseph  ist. 
Issue :  Jean  Baptiste  (Gar^on),  m.  Marie  Anne  Boucher,  d.  Jean. 

Scholastique,  m.  Jean  R.  Doucette,  s.  Sylvain  ist. 

Joseph,  died  unnnarried. 

Gertrude,  m.  Remi  Meuse,  s.  Jean  Baptiste  ist. 
Pierre  Meuse  ist  of  Roco  Point,  m.  Cecile  Amirault,  d.  Joseph  2d. 
Issue :  Cecile. 

Joseph. 

Veronique,  m.  Hippolyte  Babin,  s.  Victor. 

Anne,  m.  Frederic  Surette,  s.  Pierre  2d. 

Isabelle,  m.  David  Doucette,  s.  Michel  ist. 

Monique,  m.  Michel  Moulaison,  s.  Joseph  ist. 

Marie,  Mathurin,  Athanase,  Pierre  (blind),  not  married. 
Louis  Meuse  ist  of  Roco  Point,  m.  Josephine  Meuse  (Rosette). 
Issue :  Luc,  m.  Marguerite  Le  Blanc,  d.  Honore. 

Frederic,  m.  Anne  Moulaison,  d.  Joseph  ist. 

Firmain,  m.  Genevieve  Doucette,  d.  Michel  1st. 

Louis  2d,  m.  Theotiste  Doucette,  d.  Charles  ist. 

Anne,  m.  Charles  Doucette  2d,  s.  Charles. 

Celeste,  m.  Louis  De  Bouillon. 
Luc  Meuse,  s.  Louis  ist,  m.  Marguerite  Le  Blanc,  d.  Honore. 
Issue  :  Marguerite,  m.  Simon  Boucher,  s.  Jean  ist. 

Marie,  ni.  Anselme  Boucher,  s.  Jean  ist. 

Leonice,  m.  Archange  Meuse,  s.  David. 

Elisabeth,  m.  Pierre  M.  Meuse,  Captain  of  Roco  Point. 

Celeste,  m.  Damas  Moulaison,  s.  Joseph  2d. 

Genevieve,  m.  Cesar  Doucette,  s.  Pierre  of  Chebec. 

Edouard,  m.  Nannon  Doucette,  d.  Antoine  of  Salmon  River. 

Pierre  Marin,  m.  Agnes  Fran^oise  Doucette,  d.  Augustin. 

Remi,  m.  Mary  Hurlburt,  d.  Joseph. 

Alexandre,  m.  Marceline  Thibault  of  Clare. 

Sylvain,  m.  Genevieve  Babin,  d.  Gabriel. 

Urbain,  not  married. 

Madeleine,  m.  Seraphin  Jacquard,  s.  Sylvestre. 
Frederic  Meuse,  s.  Louis  ist,  m.  Anne  Moulaison,  d.  Joseph  ist. 
Issue :  '"atherine,  m.  Simon  Le  Blanc,  s.  Joseph  ist  of  Eel  Brook. 

Mande,  m.  Catherine  Doucette,  d.  Augustin. 

Sylvain,  m.  Elisabeth  Doucette,  d.  Joseph,  a  Michel. 

Jean,  m.  Therese  Le  Blanc,  d.  Joseph  ist  of  Eel  Brook. 

Marguerite,  m.  Remi  Meuse,  s.  Anselme,  a  Benjamin. 


432  ME  USE. 

FiRMAiN  Meuse,  s.  Louis  1st,  m.  GENEVifevE  DoucETTE,  cl.  Michel  1st. 

Issue  :  Scholastique,  m.  Pierre  I-e  Wane,  s.  Honore. 

Archange,  m.  Marguerite  Moulaison,  d.  Joseph  2d. 

c^v  t»    ~    (I-  Genevieve  Meuse,  d.  Jean  2d. 
Calixte,  m.   )  -" 

(  2.  Catherine  Moulaison,  d.  Joseph  2d. 

Pierre,  m.  Marguerite  Babin,  d.  Hippolyte. 

Ilenriette,  m.  Jean  B.  Meuse,  s.  Anselme,  a  Benjamin. 

Marguer;       .11.  Joseph  Deveau  of  Salmon  River. 

Esaie,  m.  Osithe  Le  Blanc,  d.  Honore. 

Marc,  m.  Elisabeth  Dulin,  d.  Eude. 

Alexandre,  m.  Madeleine  Le  Fevre,  d.  Louis  ist. 

Louis  Meuse  2d,  s.  Louis,  m.  Th^otiste  Doucette,  d.  Charles  ist. 

Issue  :  Frederic  2d,  m.  Genevieve  Moulaison,  d.  Joseph  2d. 

Germain,  m.  Madeleine  Le  Blanc,  d.  Honore. 

(  I.  Remi  Doucette,  s.  Edouard  ist. 
Rosalie,  m.  \ 

(  2.  Marc  Amirault,  s.  Jacques  2d. 

Esther,  m.  Joseph  M.  Le  Blanc,  s.  Jean,  a  Charles. 

Catherine,  m.  Seraphin  Le  Blanc,  s.  J  an,  a  Charles. 

Simon,  m.  Madeleine  Moulaison,  d.  Joseph  2d. 

Francois,  m.  Rosalie  Fitzgerald,  d.  John. 

Joseph,  m.  Marguerite  Le  Fevre,  w.  Francois. 

Remi,  m.  Vitaline  Le  Blanc,  d.  Jean,  a  Honore. 

Paul  Meuse  ist,  m.  Marie  Le  Blanc,  d.  Pierre  ist  of  Eel  Brook. 

I.  Anastasie  Doucette,  d.  Charles  ist. 


Issue:  Nicolas,  m.   ,  ,^     „ 

(  2.  Hurlburt. 

Angelique,  m.  Joseph  Doucette,  s.  Michel  ist. 

Veronique,  m.  Thomas  Melan^on. 

Isaac,  m.  Marguerite  Moulaison,  d.  Joseph  ist. 

Marguerite,  m.  Seraphin  Meuse,  s.  Francois. 

Anselme,  m.  Margueri  te  Meuse,  d.  Jean  Pierre. 

SI.  Gabriel  Frontain,  s.  Augustin. 
2.  Jean  Marie  Blanchard. 
Dominique,  m.  Nannon  Meuse,  d.  Jean  Pierre. 
Marie,  m.  Sylvestre  Jacquard. 
Hippolyte,  died  unmarried. 

Joseph  "  Bruno,"  died  unmarried. 

( I.  Anastasie  Doucette,  d.  Charles  ist. 
Nicolas  Meuse,  s.  Paul,  m.  ' 

( 2.  Hurlburt. 

\  I.  Jacques  Doucette,  s.  Michel  ist. 


Issue:  Theotiste.m.  , 

.  2.  Maximm  Meuse,  s.  Francois. 

Jacques,  m.  Henriette  Doucette,  d.  Edouard. 

Cyriaque,  m.  Judithe  Meuse,  d.  Dominique,  a  Benjamin. 

Perpetue,  m.  Remi  Doucette,  s.  Jacques  1st. 

Madeleine,  m.  Athanase  Doucette,  s.  Jacques  ist. 


APPENDIX  D.  433 

Anselme  Meuse,  s.  Paul,  m.  Marguerite  Meuse,  d.  Jean  Pierre. 
Issue  :  Joseph  Marin,  m.  Marie  Doucette,  d.  Charles  2d. 

Cyrille,  m.  Scholastique  Doucette,  d.  Charles  2d. 

Cecile,  m.  David  Doucette,  s.  Charles  2d. 

Brigide,  m.  Joseph  Hebert  3d,  s.  Joseph  2d. 

Fran9ois. 

Dominique  Meuse,  s.  Paul,  m.  NANNO>f  Meuse,  d.  Jean  Pierre. 

(I.  Maurice  Meuse,  s.  Gregoire. 
Issue  :  Mane,  m.   J 

(2.  Epiphane  Doucette,  s.  Pierre  ist  of  Chebec. 

Florent,  in.  Elisabeth  Dulin,  d.  Louis  ist. 

Anne,  m.  Jacques  Doucette,  s.  Jacques  ist. 

Marguerite,  m.  Mathurin  Corporon,  s.  Simon. 

Stillman,  m.  Catherine  Corporon,  d.  Simon. 

Leonice,  not  married. 
Dominique  Meuse  ist,  m.  Clementine  Doucette,  w.  Magloire. 
Issue  :  Benjamin  ist,  m.  Nannette  Doucette,  d.  Jean  ist. 

Isabelle,  m.  Amand  Le  Blanc  ist  of  Tusket  Hill. 

Marie,  m.  Michel  Doucette  ist,  s.  Jean  ist. 

Ludivine,  m.  Joseph  Doucette  ist  of  Tusket  Hill. 
Benjamin  Meuse  ist,  s.  Dominique  ist,  m.  Xannette  Doucette,  d.  Jean  ist. 
Issue  :  Anselme,  m.  Seraphie  Meuse,  d.  Joseph  2d. 

Dominique,  m.  Isabelle  Le  Blanc,  d.  Jean,  a  Amand. 

Gregoire,  m.  Venerante  Frontain,  d.  Alexandre. 

Basile,  m.  Fran^oise  Dulin,  d.  Louis  ist. 

I.  Marie  Thercse  Moulaison,  d.  Joseph  2d. 
I  2.  Marie  Anne  Corporon,  d.  Abraham. 

Denis,  m.  Julie  Doucette,  d.  Pierre  ist  of  Chebec. 

Jeannette,  m.  Pierre  Doucette,  s.  Jean  2d  of  Chebec. 

Marceline,  m.  Joseph  Boudreau,  s.  Michel  ist. 

Gertrude,  m.  Timothee  Doucette,  s.  Joseph  ist. 

Anselme  Meuse,  s.  Benjamin,  m.  Seraphie  Meuse,  d.  Joseph  2d. 

( I.  Elisabeth  Corporon,  d.  Abraham. 
Issue  :  Gabriel,  m.    { 

( 2.  Mary  Colhns. 

Jean  B.,  m.  Henriette  Meuse,  d.  Firmain. 

Adrien,  m.  Anne  Doucette,  d.  Michel,  a  Michel. 

Benjamin,  m.  Leonice  Le  Blanc,  d.  Joseph  ist  of  Eel  Brook. 

Remi,  m.  Marguerite  Meuse,  d.  Frederic  ist. 

Archange,  m.  Monice  Doucette,  d.  Jacques  ist. 

Zacharie,  m.  Leonice  Boucher,  d.  Jean  ist. 

Dominique  Meuse,  s.  Benjamin,  m.  Isabelle  Le  Blanc,  d.  Jean,  a  Amand. 

Issue  :  Charles,  m.  Anne  Le  Blanc,  d.  Jean,  a  Charles  ist. 

Etienne,  lost  at  sea,  unmarried. 


George,  m.    | 


434  ME  USE. 

DoMiMiQUE  Meuse,  continued. 

Rigobert,  m.  Ursule  Le  Iilanc,  d.  Joseph  ist  of  Eel  Brook. 

Jean  Blaise,  m.  Anne  Bertrand,  d.  Jean. 

Fran^-ois,  m.  Madeleine  Boucher,  d.  Jean  ist. 

Judithe,  m.  Cyriaque  Meuse,  s.  Nicolas. 

Fran9oise,  m.  Frangois  Meuse,  s.  Michel. 

Daughter,  not  married. 
Gregoire  Meuse,  s.  Benjamin,  m.  Venerante  Frontain,  d.  Alexandre. 
Issue :  Chrysostome,  m.  Rosalie  Le  Blanc,  d.  Bernard. 

Catherine,  m.  Jean  Adrien  Le  Blanc,  s.  Jean,  a  Charles. 

Alexandre,  m.  Nanon  Trahan,  d.  Bernard  of  Clare. 

Alexis,  m.  Vitaline  De  Villiers,  d.  Jacques. 

Maurice,  m.  Marie  Meuse,  d.  Dominique,  a  Paul. 

Rosalie,  m.  Cyrille  Moulaison,  s.  Joseph  2d. 
Basile  Meuse,  s.  Benjamin,  m.  FRAN901SE  Dulin,  d.  Louis  ist. 
Issue  :  Robert,  m.  Julienne  Meuse,  d.  -A^change,  a  Benjamin  2d. 

Vital,  m.  Marguerite  Doucette,  d.  Jacques  ist. 

Thelesphore,  m.  Anne  Doucette,  d.  Jacques  ist. 

Vitaline,  m.  Cyrille  Doucette,  s.  Jacques  ist. 

Julienne,  m.  Jean  Baptiste  Doucette,  s.  Joseph,  a  Michel. 

Rosalie,  m.  Marcel  Colin,  s.  Marcel. 

Catherine,  m.  Ambroise  Doucette,  s.  Athanase. 

Helene,  m.  Felix  Le  Visconte. 

1.  Marie  Th^rese  Moulaison,  d.  Joseph  2d. 

2.  ^f^RIE  Anne  Corpopon,  d.  Abraham. 
Issue  :  Marc,  m.  Rosalie  Meuse,  d.  .ndre,  a  Gregoire. 

Joseph,  m.  Madeleine  Pothier,  d.  Charles  Amand. 

Gervais,  m.  Leonice  Meuse,  d.  Marc,  a  Firmain. 

Elisabeth,  not  married. 

Marie,  m.  Cesar  Babin,  s.  Simon. 

Marguerite,  m.  Leon  Le  Fevre,  s.  Maximin. 

Francoise,  m.  Francois  Doucette,  s.  Olivier. 
Denis  Meuse,  s.  Benjamin,  m.  Julie  Doucette,  d.  Pierre  ist  of  Chebec. 
Issue :  Dominique,  m. 

Gregoire,  m.  Elisabeth  Moulaison,  d.  Cyril 

Sylvain,  m.  Julienne  Moulaison,  d.  Cyrille.  ' 

Patrice,  m. Meuse,  d.  Simon. 

Jean  Pierre  Meuse  of  Jefifery's  Point,  m. 
Issue  :  David,  removed  to  Salmon  River. 

Benjamin,  m.  Angelique  Hebert,  d.  Joseph  ist. 

Jean  2d,  m.  Marguerite  Robicheau,  d.  Pierre  1       f  Chebec. 

Franyois,  m.  Osithe  Hebert,  d.  Joseph  ist. 


George  Meuse,  a.  Benjamin,  m.  I 


Issue  :  Seraphin,  m.  j 


APPENDIX  D.  435 

Jean  Pierre  Meuse,  continued. 

Marguerite,  m.  Anselme  Meuse,  s.  Paul. 

Rosalie,  m.  Joseph  Le  Blanc,  s.  Pierre  ist  of  Eel  Brook. 

Nannon,  m.  Dominique  Meuse,  s.  Paul. 

Benjamin  Meuse,  s.  Jean  Pierre,  m.  Angelique  II^BfeRT,  d.  Joseph  ist. 

Issue:  Madeleine,  m.  Solon  Doucette,  s.  Augustin. 

Joseph,  a  bachelor. 

Jean  Marie. 

Jean  Meuse  2d,  s.  Jean  Pierre,  m.  Marguerite  Robicheau,  d.  Pierre  ist. 

Issue  :  Eusebe,  m.  Marie  Boucher,  d.  Jean  ist. 

Jean  David,  m.  Marguerite  Clermont,  d.  Fran9ois. 

Michel,  m.  Angelique  Clermont,  d.  Francois.  '^ 

Sophique,  m.  Jean  B.  Boucher,  s.  Jean  ist. 

Genevieve,  m.  Calixte  Meuse,  s.  Firmain. 

Celeste,  not  married. 

Francois  Meuse,  s.  Jean  Pierre,  m.  Osithe  HfiBfeRT,  d.  Joseph  ist. 

\  I.  Marguerite  Meuse,  d.  Paul. 

\z.  Perpetue  Meuse,  d.  Jean  Baptiste  ist. 

Clement,  m.  Marie  Meuse,  d.  Jean  Baptiste  ist. 

,,     .    .  (  I.  Adele  Le  Blanc,  d.  Chrvsostome  ist. 

Maxmun,  ni.    )  ' 

I  2.  Theotiste  Doucette,  w.  Jacques  ist. 

Marie  Susanne,  m.  Leon  Le  Blanc,  s.  Chrvsostome  ist. 

Mathilde,  m.  Chrysostome  Le  Blanc  2d,  s.  Chrysostome. 

Nannette,  m.  Michel  Patrice  Doucette,  s.  Joseph  ist. 

Jean  Baptiste  Meuse  ist  of  "  the  Forks,"  m.  G^NEVifevE  Moulaison,  d.  Joseph  ist. 

Issue  :  Remi,  m.  Gertrude  Meuse,  d.  Joseph  3d. 

Louis,  m.  Mary  \Verkin.s,  d.  David. 

Cyrille  Baptiste,  m.  Rosalie  Doucette,  d.  Joseph  ist. 

Elisabeth,  m.  Marc  Frontain,  s.  Augustin. 

Jeanne,  m.  Jovite  Jacquard,  s.  Sylvestre. 

Seraphie,  m.  Julien  Meuse,  s.  Seraphin. 

Monicjue,  m.  Francois  Meuse,  s.  Seraphin. 

Perpetue,  m.  Seraphin  Meuse,  s.  Fran9ois. 

Marie,  m.  Clement  Meuse,  s.  Francois. 

Cyrille  B.  Meuse,  s.  Jean  Baptiste  ist,  m.  Rosalie  Doucette,  d.  Joseph  ist. 

Issue  :  Mathilde,  m.  Timothee  Doucette,  s.  Jean,  a  Jacques  ist. 

Sylvie,  m.  Jean  Meuse,  s.  Archange,  a  Anselme. 

I  I.  Madeleine  Meuse,  d.  Archange,  a  Anselme. 

Jean,  m.  ■<  2.  Cyprienne  Doucette,  d.  Louis. 

V  3.  Le  Blanc,  w.  Pierre,  a  Basile. 

( I.  Domathilde  Doucette,  d.  Cvrille. 
Leon,  m.  )  '  x        t^ 

(  2.  Rosalie  Meuse,  w.  Julien,  a  Capt.  Jean  B. 


436  MEUSE. 

Joseph,  m.  Marie  Le  Blanc  of  Clare. 
Sylvain,  m.  Josephine  Doucette,  d.  Ambroise. 
Casimir,  m.  Domathilde  Doucette,  d.  Alexandre. 
Jacques,  m.  Louisa  Currier  of  Reading,  Mass. 
«  Franc^ois  Xavier,  m,  Sylvie  Le  Blanc,  d.  Fran5ois,  ajBernard. 

Theophile,  m.  Fran9oise  Meuse,  d.  Vital. 
Felix,  Cyrille,  Nannette,  not  married. 
Genevieve,  Louis,  Marc,  and  Marie,  died  young. 


APPENDIX  E. 

(See  page  62.) 
[From  the  Annals  of  Salem. ^ 

1782,  March.  —  "A  vessel  from  Yarmouth,  Nova  Scotia,  bringing 
home  fourteen  Americans  had  been  taken  off  our  harbour.  The  people 
here  desire  that  she  may  be  returned." 

1782,  May  27.  —  "Gentlemen  of  Salem  and  Beverly  petition  the 
Legislature  that  the  people  of  Yarmouth,  Nova  Scotia,  may  not  be 
plundered  by  our  privateers,  because  the  greater  part  of  them  moved 
thither  from  this  quarter  a  few  years  ago  and  have  been  very  kind  to  our 
men  who  have  be  1  thrown  among  them  by  the  events  of  War.  But  a 
majority  of  the  town  have  different  views  and  wish  their  representatives 
to  oppose  any  bill  to  this  effect.  Still,  the  General  Court  prohibited 
hostilities  against  Yarmouth.  Seth  Barnes  of  that  town  stated  previously 
to  the  petition  that  one  of  our  privateers  had  taken  a  large  sum  from 
him." 

1806.  — "  This  was  a  year  of  great  trade  for  Salem.  We  had  73 
Ships,  II  Barques,  and  48  Brigs  in  foreign  commerce.  Of  these 
William  Gray  owned  about  one  quarter." 

1809.  —  "  Our  foreign  trade  is  very  much  vexed  and  injured  by  the 
European  belligerents.     Most  of  the  voyages  performed  are  unprofitable." 

181 2.  —  "Mrs.  Elizabeth  Bell,  of  Nova  Scotia,  a  passenger  on  board 
of  the  Schooner  Anne,  taken  by  the  Dolphin  '  begs  leave  to  acknowl- 
edge, with  much  gratitude,  the  gentlemanly  and  humane  treatment  of 
the  Captain  and  prize  master  of  the  Dolphin,  in  returning  to  her  $900 
together  with  her  personal  effects.'  " 

1813,  February.  —  "The  prizes  to  our  armed  vessels  were  87. 
The  total  for  those  sold  was  $474,234,  captured  within  seven  months. 
It  was  computed  that  the  English  had  taken  a  greater  sum  from  our 


438  FROM  ANNALS  OF  SALEM. 

merchants.     Sixty-five  more  prizes  arrived  before  the  close  of  the  war. 
Many  others  were  burnt.     A  few  were  given  up  as  cartels,  to  prisoners." 
X815,   March. — "Our  tonnage   has   been  greatly  reduced  by  the 
war.     Only  57  vessels  are  now  registered  as  belonging  to  this  town, 
little  more  than  one  quarter  of  what  was  owned  here  ten  years  before." 


APPENDIX   F. 

(See  page  69.) 

Mr.  Campbell  has  not  correctly  copied  the  inscription 'upon  the 
monument  to  Herbert  Huntington  in  the  Mountain  Cemetery.  The 
er^oi  Mr.  Campbell  may  deem  imn^.tierial,  but  he  who  wrote  the  epitaph 
would  not  have  so  considered  it. 

This  is  the  inscription  :  — 

HERBERT   HUNTINGTON 

REPRESENTED    HIS    NATIVE   COUNTY 

YARMOUTH, 

AS      MEMBER   OF   THE    HOUSE    OF   ASSEMBLY 

FOR    20   YEARS, 

WITH   SIGNAL    ZEAL,    ABILITY,    AND    DISINTERESTEDNESS  ; 

SERVING    PART    OF    THAT    PERIOD    AS 

MEMBER   OF    THE   EXECUTIVE   COUNCIL 

OF    NOVA    SCOTIA, 

AND    FINANCIAL    SECRETARY. 

THE   LEGISLATURE 

OF   A    GR.\TEFUL    COUNTRY,    BY    UNANIMOUS    VOTE, 

RAISED   THIS    MONUMENT 

TO   HIS    MEMORY. 

---'  .       '     BORN  1800.   DIED  1851.  . 


APPENDIX  G. 

(See  page  75.) 

ABSTRACT   OF    THE   TRADE    OF    YARMOUTH    FOR    THE 

YEAR    1834. 

ENTRIES. 


No.  of 
Vessels. 

Tonnage. 

Value  in  Sterling. 

Duty 
Collected. 

From  Great  Britain 

"      New   Brunswick,  Canada,  and 

Newfoundland      .... 

From  West  Indies 

"      United  States 

I 

71 
52 

58 

183 

3-242 
4,315 
3.415 

II.I55 
6,008 

;^200 

7.814  '5  5 
11,916    s  0 

6.735  19  0 

;^I3  II   2 
337     5  0 
446    4  0 

Total  foreign 

From  Nova-Scotia  ports 

182 
136 

;^26,666  19  s 
15,100  0    0 

;^797    0  2 

Total  inwards 

3.8 

17.163 

;^4i,766  19  5 

- 

CLEARANCES. 


No.  of 
Vessels. 

t 

Tonnage. 

Value  in  Sterling. 

To  Great  Britain 

"   New     Brunswick,    Canada,     and 

Newfoundland 

"    West  Indies 

"   United  States 

"   Brazil 

2 

93 
54 
24 

I 

283 

4,065 

4,426 

1,498 

126 

;^476     0  0 

77,478    7  0 

1,763    13   2 
232     0  0 

"   Nova-Scotia  ports 

With  fishing-passes 

174 

157 

39 

10,398 
7.532 
1,292 

;^20,950     0  2 
10,293    10  0 

2,000    0  0 

Total  outwards 

370 

19,222 

;^33.243  10  2 

APPENDIX  G.  441 

THE   EXPORTS    AND    IMPORTS    OF    NOVA    SCOTIA. 

The  following  are  the  statistics  of  the  imports  and  exports  of  the 
various  ports  of  the  province  for  the  fiscal  year  :  — 

EXPORTS. 

^^'^-  1885.  1884. 

^'"''"'" $171,474  $179,710 

^""^'P""' 167,994  237.378 

Antigonish 71,000  74.525 

Arichat 64,380  50.645 

^^ddeck 84,259  89.926 

Barrington 122,642  154.344 

Bridge-own ,3,274  16,115 

Cornwallis 46,109  90,422 

^'8by ,37,,34  ,43,657 

Guysborough 115,-78  196,689 

"'^•'f*'' 4.927,634  4.886,264 

Liverpool 102,358  125,757 

Lockeport 374.780  449.769 

Londonderry 7,776  13,786 

Lunenburg 654,060  813,340 

Margaretville ,5,018  20,978 

North  Sydney 151,251  142,694 

Parrsborough 220,689  274,555 

^'<^'°" 94.567  109,707 

Port  Hawkesbury 233,150  236,868 

Po""'""*"! 5.359  2,795 

PortMedway 72,771  69,604 

Shelburne 40,667  41,964 

Sydney 145,869  205,725 

Truro 4,85,  2,304 

Weymouth 93,677  103,010 

Windsor 116,820  158,228 

Yarmouth 627,779  708,597 


IMPORTS. 


$8,882,620   $9,599,356 


P°".  ,885.  ,88^. 

Amherst $84,500  $90,814 

Annapolis 76,, 60  1 13.218 

Antigonish.     .              57,499  62,858 

Arichat 29,889  36,321 

Baddeck 6,181  6,030 


442 


COMMERCE. 


rORT. 

Barrington 

Bridgetown 

Cornwallis 

r>igby •.    .    .    . 

Guysborough 

Halifax 6,154,107 

Liverpool 

Lockeport 

Londonderry 

Lunenburg 

Margaretville 

North  Sydney 

Parrsborough 

Pictou 

Port  Hawkesbury 

Port  Hood 

Port  Medway 

Shelburne 

Sydney  

Truro 

Weymouth 

Windsor 

Yarmouth 

$8,483,589    $9,653,104 

1886.     Exports,  58,071,513.     Imports,  57,840,244.     Duties,  $1,663,087. 
Yarmouth  imports,  1886,  $494,466.     1887,  $438,980. 
Duties  paid  at  Yarmouth,  1885,  $81,530.     18S6,  $81,088. 

Exports  from  Yarmouth  for  the  year  ending  Dec.  31,  compiled  from 

Swedish  consul's  reports  :  — 

1885.  1886. 

To  United  States,       $276,425.    $254,868 

39.274 
36,861 

"1.737 

30,968 

4.240 

2,000, 

3.250 
4,600, 


1885. 

1884. 

47.537 

48,048 

13.331 

13.985 

65,177 

108,222 

37,192 

52,080 

17.419 

21,238 

6,154,107 

6,932,253 

53.704 

70,853 

103.379 

99,609 

28,752 

38,856 

134.921 

152,402 

8,646 

12,063 

64,256 

93.H6 

34,449 

84,798 

284,624 

278,845 

86,459 

41,150 

898 

2,030 

7,330 

24,087 

21,468 

28,369 

29.751 

45.577 

235.767 

253.359 

70,841 

62,755 

jr4,i90 

198,720 

515,162 

6St,452 

Sp.  West  Indies, 

38,150 

Fr.  West  Indies, 

66,955. 

Br.  West  Indies, 

113.949- 

Great  Britain, 

14,079. 

St.  Pierre, 

21,867. 

Newfoundland, 

760. 

Argentine  Republic,      760. 

Norway, 

760. 

$532,185.   $487,807 


1 886. 

due 

ts  of  the  mines, 

$6,122. 

(t 

K 

fisheries. 

35f.46o. 

it 

(1 

forests, 

66,275. 

it 

U 

animals,  etc., 

19,454. 

t( 

(( 

agriculture. 

30,629. 

tt 

ti 

manufactures 

,  13.867- 

$487,807. 


APPENDIX  G.  •  443 

{From  the  Halifax  Herald,  New-Year  Supplement.^ 

The  amount  <  n  deposit  at  the  government  savings  banks  in  Nova 
Scotia  on  the  ist  of  November,  1885,  including  the  new  post-office 
savings  banks  at  Dartmouth  and  elsewhere,  was  $8,000,000.  The  state- 
ment published  in  the  last  New- Year's  "  Herald  "  gave  the  deposits  on 
the  15  th  of  December  of  the  three  previous  years,  as  follows  :  — 

On  deposit  December,  1SS2 $5,282,000 

On  deposit  December,  1SS3 6,045,000 

On  deposit  December,  1884 6,752,000 

On  deposit  December,  18S5 8,000,000 

Increase  1885  over  1884 1,248,000 

Increase  1S85  over  1882 2,718,000 

The  following  is  a  memorandum  of  deposits  in  the  Nova-Scotia 
offices  on  the  ist  of  November,  1885  :  — 

Amherst $181,098 

Antigonish 135,219 

Annapolis 244,644 

Arichat i^iog^ 

Acadia  mines 47,080 

^^ddecl< 5^^70^ 

Bridgewater ^4,247 

Barrington 112,454 

I^'gby 132,801 

Guysborough gi^^g^ 

"^•'fa-^ 3,258,861 

*^e"tville 283,527 

Liverpool 188,352 

Lingan 10,361 

Lunenburg 177,956 

Maitland So^,,^ 

New  Glasgow .    .  324,040 

Parrsborough g^gog 

Port  Hood iio,!7r 

P'«°" 217,432 

Shelburne 67  ^^22 

Sydney 282,325 

Sydney  mines $43,031 


444  SAVIA'GS  BANKS. 

Sherbrooke $48i4S' 

Truro 3SI.32S 

Wallace S3.I77 

Windsor 479.790 

Weymouth ■ 92.284 

Yarmouth 600,673 


APPENDIX   H. 

{See  page  8i.) 
"A    LOST    CHAPTER    IN    ACADIAN    HISTORY." 

The  above  is  the  title  of  a  book  published  at  New  York  in  1884. 
The  author,  Philip  H.  Smith,  tells  this  story  of  the  first  winter's  experi- 
ence at  Chebogue,  which,  as  it  varies  from  Haliburton,  grows  more 
terrible  with  age. 

"In  1 76 1  a  few  families  from  Massachusetts  were  attracted  by  the 
rich  alluvial  of  Chebogue  marsh  and   the  valuable   fisheries  adjacent. 
The  greater  part  of  them  settled  at  the  head  of  the  marsh,  on  the  site 
of  a  French  village,  and  in  most  instances  they  erected  their  houses  on 
the  cellars  which  had  been  dug  by  their  predecessors.     Having  carried 
them  to  a  state  of  completion,  affording  a  tolerable  shelter,  the  new 
settlers  essayed  the  serious  task  of  passing  their  first  winter  in  the  dreary 
and  lonely  spot  of  which  they  had  taken  possession.     They  had  brought 
with  them  two  horses,  six  oxen,  and  a  number  of  c  ows  and  calves.     The 
horses  they  immediately  sent  back  as  useless  encui.  ibrances.     Over  half 
the  cattip  died  of  hunger  and  exposure,  and  the  rest  were  killed  for 
food.     The  winter  was  terrible  in  its  severity.     Snow  lay  on  the  ground 
for  four  months  at  the  depth  of  four  feet.     An  accident  having  befallen 
the  vessel  on  which  they  were  totally  dependent  for  supplies,  they  were 
reduced  to  the  most  pitiable  condition  for  want  of  provisions.     For  a 
long  time  they  were  without  potatoes,  bread,  or  any  substitute.     A  few 
actually  perished  for  want  of  suitable  nutriment.     Six  families,  terrified 
and    disheartened,    returned    home    by   the    first    opportunity.      The 
remainder,  being  joined  by  other  emigrants  from  the  fishing-towns  of 
New  England,  effected  a  permanent  settlement." 

It  is  perhaps  needless  to  say  that  this  is,  mostly,  simple  fiction ;  but 
Admiral  Knowles,  writing  to  the  Duke  of  Newcastle  from  Louisburg 


446  A   LOST  CHAPTER. 

in  January,  1747,  tellb  a  still  more  terrible  story  of  the  climate.  He 
says,  "  The  frosts  begin  to  cease  about  the  middle  of  May,  which  are 
succeeded  by  fogs.  These  last  to  the  end  of  July,  with  the  inter- 
mission, perhaps,  of  one  or  two  fair  days  in  a  fortnight." 

He  says  many  of  the  troops  were  frozen  to  death.  "  The  sentries, 
though  relieved  every  half-hour,  frequently  lose  their  toes  and  fingers. 
Some  have  lost  their  limbs  by  mortification  in  a  few  hours.  There  is 
no  such  thing  as  using  any  kind  of  exercise  to  keep  themselves  warm, 
the  snow  in  many  places  laying  ten,  twelve,  and  sixteen  feet  deep, 
and  when  it  ceases  snowing  the  whole  island  is  covered  with  a  sheet 
of  ice.  Nothing  is  more  common  than  for  one  guard  to  dig  the 
other  out  of  the  guard-room  before  they  can  relieve  them,  and  so  by 
the  rest  of  the  officers  and  soldiers  out  of  their  several  quarters,  the 
drift  snow  sometimes  covering  the  houses  entirely.  There  is  not 
a  single  person  yet  come  to  settle  and  fish  here.  Our  miseries  and 
distresses,  occasioned  by  the  severity  of  the  weather,  I  really  want 
words  to  describe.  Nature  seems  never  to  have  designed  this  a  place 
of  residence  for  man,  for  with  the  poet  we  may  justly  say,  — 

'  Here  elements  have  lost  their  uses, 
Air  ripens  not,  nor  earth  produces.' " 

Says  Murdoch,  "In  reading  this  (hisi  correspondence,  we  feel  as 
if  we  had  got  to  the  fountain-head  of  all  the  dismal  misrepresentations 
of  Nova  Scotia  and  Cape  Breton,  that  were  so  reiterated  and  believed 
in  during  the  latter  part  of  the  eighteenth  century  and  the  first  part 
of  the  nineteenth,  when  our  year  was  said  to  consist  of  nine  months  of 
winter  and  three  months  of  fog.  It  is  surprising  to  read  a  picture 
of  climate  so  opposite  to  that  given  by  the  French  governors  and 
adventurers  at  an  earlier  date." 


APPENDIX   I. 

(See  page  98.) 

THE   INDIAN    NAMES    OF    ACADIA. 

By  Richard  Huntington,  late  of  "The  Yarmouth  Tribune,"  ob.  1883. 

The  memory  of  the  Red  Man, 

How  can  it  pass  away, 
While  tb  "'  --xmes  of  music  linger 

On  ea        .      ..it  and  stream  and  bay; 
While  Musqaodoboit's  waters 

Roll  sparkling  to  the  main ; 
While  falls  the  laughing  sunbeam 

On  Chegoggin's  fields  of  grain ; 

While  floats  our  country's  banner 

O'er  Chebucto's  glorious  wave. 
And  the  frowning  cliffs  of  Scatarie 

The  trampling  surges  brave  ; 
While  breezy  Aspotogon 

Lifts  high  its  summit  blue, 
And  sparkles  on  its  winding  way, 

The  gentle  Sissibou ; 

While  Escanoni's  fountains 

Pour  down  their  crystal  tide; 
While  Ingonish's  mountains 

Lift  high  their  forms  of  pride  ; 
Or  while  on  Mal)Ou's  river 

The  boatmaa  plies  his  oar, 
Or  the  billows  burst  in  thunder 

On  Chicaben's  rock-girt  shore  ? 


448  INDIAN  NAMES  OF  ACADIA. 

The  memory  of  the  Red  Man, 

It  lingers  like  a  spell 
On  many  a  storm-swept  headland, 

On  many  a  leafy  dell ; 
Where  Tusket's  thousand  islets 

Like  emeralds  stud  the  deep ; 
Where  Blomidon,  a  sentry  grim, 

His  endless  watch  doth  keep. 

It  dwells  round  Catalone's  blue  lake, 

'Mid  leafy  forests  hid,  — 
Round  fair  Descouse  and  the  rushing  tides 

Of  the  turbid  Pisiquid  ; 
And  it  lends,  Chebogue,  a  touching  grace 

To  thy  softly  flowing  river, 
As  we  sadly  think  of  the  gentle  race 

That  has  passed  away  forever. 


APPENDIX  J. 

{See  fa^c  113.) 

WILLIAM    AND    EDWARD    HILTON. 

[From  Maine  Historical  Society's  Collectionl\ 

"  David  Thompson,  Edward  and  William  Hilton  and  others,  com- 
menced a  settlement  on  the  west  side  of  the  Piscataqua  River,  the 
beginning  of  the  present  town  of  Portsmouth,  in  1623." 

William  Hilton,  the  writer  of  the  following  letter,  probably  came  over 
in  tlie  ship  Fortune,  which  left  England  the  last  of  August,  162 1,  and 
arrived  at  Plymouth  in  November. 

New  Plymouth,  November,  1621. 
Loving  Cousin,  —  At  our  arrival  at  New  Plymouth  in  New  England  we 
found  all  our  friends  and  planters  in  good  health,  though  they  were  left  weak  and 
sick  with  very  small  means  ;  the  Indians  round  about  us  are  peaceable  and  friendly ; 
the  country  very  pleasant  and  temperate,  yielding  naturally  of  itself  great  stores  of 
fruits,  as  vines  of  divers  sorts,  in  great  abundance.  There  are  likewise  walnuts, 
chestnuts,  small  nuts  and  plums,  with  much  variety  of  flowers,  roots,  and  herbs,  no 
less  pleasant  than  wholesome  and  profitable.  No  place  hath  more  gooseberries  and 
strawberries,  nor  better.  .  imber  of  all  sorts  you  have  in  England  doth  cover  the 
land  that  affords  beasts  of  divers  sorts  and  great  flocks  of  turkeys,  quails,  pigeons, 
and  partridges  ;  many  great  lakes  abounding  in  fish,  fowl,  beavers,  and  otters.  The 
sea  affords  us  great  plenty  of  all  excellent  kinds  of  sea  fish,  as  the  rivers  and  isles 
doth  variety  of  wild  fowl  of  most  useful  sorts.  Mines  we  find  to  cur  thinking,  but 
neither  the  goodness  nor  quality  we  know.  Better  grain  cannot  be  than  the  Indian 
corn  if  we  will  plant  it  on  as  good  ground  as  man  need  desire.  We  are  all  free- 
holders, the  rent  day  doth  not  trouble  us ;  and  all  these  good  blessings  we  have  of 
which  and  what  we  list  in  their  seasons  for  taking.  Our  company  are  for  most  part 
very  religious,  honest  people ;  the  word  of  God  sincerely  taught  us  every  Sabbath ; 
so  that  I  know  not  any  thing  a  contented  mind  can  here  want.  I  desire  your  friendly 
care  to  send  my  wife  and  children  to  me  where  I  wish  all  the  friends  I  have  in 

England.    And  so  I  rest, 

Your  loving  kinsman, 

WILLIAM  HILTON. 


APPENDIX   K. 

(See  page  120.) 

SOME  ACCOUNT  OF  THE  LA  TOUR  FAMILY  AND  OF 
PHILIPPE  MIUS  D'ENTREMONT,  AND  A  RECORD  OF 
SOME  ACADIAN  FAMILIES  OF  PUBNICO  AND  TUSKET 
WEDGE, 

Since  the  main  body  of  this  book  was  completed,  some  particulars 
have  been  gathered  of  the  D'Entremont  family,  which  are  here  repro- 
duced. Tlieir  genealogical  record,  so  far  as  it  is  connected  with 
Acadian  history,  begins  with  — 

Claude  Turgis  de  St.  Etienne,  Sieur  de  La  Tour,  often  men- 
tioned in  Chapter  VIII.,  who  by  his  first  marriage  had  one  son,  Charles 
Amador,  born  in  1596.  While  at  London  in  1629,  Claude  de  La  Tour 
married  Henrietta  Marl4,  said  to  have  been  a  relative  of  Sir  William 
Alexander,  and  one  of  the  maids  of  honor  to  the  English  queen. 
Claude  de  La  Tour  died  in  1651. 

Charles  Amador  de  La  Tour  was  twice  married,  first  in  1625,  and 
by  this  marriage  he  had  several  children.  The  eldest,  Jeanne,  born  in 
1626,  married  Sieur  D'Arpentigny  de  Martignon.  He  married  next, 
Feb.  24,  1653,  Jeanne  de  Motin,  Madame  D'Aulnay;  and  by  this 
marriage  he  had  issue  :  — 

1654.     Marie,  m.  Alexandre  Le  Borgne,  Seigneur  de  Port  Royal  in  1686. 

( I.  Abraham  Mii's  D'Entremont,  s.  Philippe. 
i6i;'i-    Marguerite,  m.  5 
^^  ^  ^2.  In  1705,7.  F.  Villate. 

1661.    Jacques,  m.  Marie  Melanyon. 

1664.  Anne,  m.  Jacques  Mius  D'Entremont,  s.  Philippe. 

1665.  Charles  2d;  was  at  Annapolis  in  1726,  and  in  1732  he  went  to  Cape 

Breton.     His  sister,  widow  Anne  D'Entremont,  died  while  on  a  visit 
there  in  1741. 


APPENDIX  K.  451 

Alexandre  Le  Borgne,  s.  Emmanuel,  m.  Marie  La  Tour,  d.  Charles. 
Issue :    1675.    Emmanuel. 

1677.    Marie,  m.  Louis  Girouard. 

1679.    Alexandre   2d,   m.   Anastasie   de    St.   Castin,   d.   Baron    de    St. 

Castin. 
1681.    Jeanne. 

Anne,  m.  Jean  de  Fond. 

And  two  others,  names  not  ascertained. 

Alexandre  Le  Borgne  de  Belleisle  2d  was  living  at  St.  John  in  1754. 
It  seems  probable  that  one  of  the  daughters  of  Alexandre  Le  Borgne  ist 
married  Alexandre  Robicheau,  and  that  their  daughter  was  the  Frangoise 
Belleisle  Robicheau  whose  correspondence  with  Gov.  Mascarene  appears 
in  the  annals  of  the  time. 

Jacques  de  La  Tour,  s.  Charles,  m.  Marie  Melancon. 

( I.  Lieut.  Edmund  Bradstreet,  had  son  John  B.,  b.  17x4. 
Issue  :  Agathe,  m.    5 

(  2.  Ensign  James  Campbell. 

Anne  Marie,  m.  Jean  B.  Porlier,  had  a  son  Claude  Cyprien,  b.  1726. 

Jeanne,  rr.  Jacques  Pontiff,  surgeon. 

And  one  son  (Lucien  .'). 

In  1 703  a  decree  passed  at  Versailles  granting  to  the  five  children  of 
Charles  de  La  Tour  "  Le  Vieux  Logis  "  at  Cape  Sable,  with  a  territory 
six  leagues  square,  and  the  islands  in  front ;  also  Port  La  Tour  with  four 
leagues  on  each  side,  and  six  leagues  in  depth,  to  be  divided  equally 
between  them.  The  same  decree  granted  the  Seigneurie  of  Port  Royal, 
five  leagues  on  the  river,  and  two  leagues  deep  on  each  side  of  it,  and 
the  Seigneurie  of  M'  les,  six  leagues  square,  to  be  divided  into  seven  equal 
parts  ;  one  share  to  each  of  the  five  children  of  Charles  de  La  Tour,  and 
the  other  two  shares  to  the  seven  children  of  Madame  Marie,  widow  of 
Alexandre  Le  Borgne  de  Belleisle. 

Philippe  Mius  D'Entremont,  ecuyer,  m.  Madeleine  Elie. 
Issue  :    1650.     Marie,  m.  Pierre  Melancon.    They  had  9  children. 

1658.  Abraham  Mius,  m.  Marguerite  de  La  Tour,  d.  Charles  Amador. 

1659.  Jacques  Mius,  m.  Anne  de  La  Tour,  d.  Charles  Amador. 
1662.     Philippe  Mius,  wife  not  known,  had  a  son  Joseph. 
1670.     Madeleine,  was  at  Port  Royal  in  1686 ;  no  other  record. 


452  D'ENTREMONT. 

Major  Philippe  Mius  D'Entremont  came  to  Acadia  in  1651,  and  was 
associated  with  Gov^.  Charles  de  La  Tour  in  his  enterprise  at  Port  Royal, 
where,  in  1653,  he  was  appointed  to  the  command  in  the  absence  of  the 
governor.  He  founded  the  colony  at  Pubnico,  and  in  167 1  he  was 
living  there  with  his  wife  and  five  children  under  the  title  of  Barov  de 
PoBONcoup.  He  figures  in  the  census  of  167 1  as  the  owner  of  20 
head  of  horned  cattle,  25  sheep,  and  6  acres  of  cultivated  land. 

In  1686  he,  with  his  two  youngest  children,  was  living  at  Port  Royal, 
and  in  the  census  of  that  year  his  age  is  stated  at  77.  But  Sieur  des 
Goutins,  Judge  and  King's  Secretary  in  Acadia,  writing  to  the  ministers 
under  date  of  Dec.  23,  1707,  says,  "Sieur  Philippe  D'Entremont,  a 
native  of  Normandy,  died  seven  years  ago  at  the  age  of  99  years  and 
some  months.  For  18  years,  and  until  old  age  rendered  him  incapable, 
he  was  '  Procureur  du  Roi '  "  (King's  Attorney). 

Pierre  Melan^on  {dit  La  Verdure),  who  married  Marie  D'Entre- 
mont, was  one  of  the  parties  to  the  marriage  contract  of  Charles  Amador 
de  La  Tour  and  Madame  D'Aulnay,  and  was  appointed  guardian  to 
D'Aulnay's  minor  children.  He  was  captain  commandant  at  Port  Royal 
at  its  surrender  to  Oliver  Cromwell's  general,  Robert  Sedgewick,  in  1654  ; 
and  by  one  of  the  articles  of  capitulation  it  was  agreed  that  the  property 
of  D'Aulnay's  children  should  be  left  in  charge  of  La  Verdure  for  their 
benefit. 

Abraham  Mius  D'Entremont,  s.  Philippe,  m.  Marguerite  de  La  Tour,  d. 
Charles  Amador. 
Issue:  1681.     Marguerite. 
1683.     Charles. 
1685.     Philippe. 

1687.     Madeleine,  m.,  1707,  J.  F.  Channiteau. 
1690.     Marie  Josephte,  m.,  17 17,  Pene  Landry. 
1697.    Anne,  died  in  1704. 
And  one  other  child. 

Abraham  Mius  D'Entremont  died  in  1703.  The  records  of  his 
sons'  families  have  not  been  distinctly  traced. 

In  J  ae,  1725,  Ensign  James  Campbell,  Jacques  and  Charles 
D'Entremont,  petitioned  Lieut. -Gov.  Mascarene  at  Annapolis  Royal, 
claiming  rights  to  properties  there  under  the  will  of  Marie  D'Aulnay, 


APPENDIX  K.  453 

and  producing  the  will  and  other  papers.  Some  fifteen  years  later, 
Madame  Agathe  Campbell,  then  living  in  Kilkenny,  Ireland,  having 
secured  the  shares  of  some  others  of  the  heirs,  sold  to  the  English 
crown,  for  about  three  thousand  guineas,  her  rights  to  the  properties 
in  Nova  Scotia. 

On  the  28th  March,  1732,  Gov.  Armstrong  gave  a  writtea  permission 
to  Joseph  and  Pierre  Surette,  Joseph  Babin,  and  two  others,  to  visit 
the  lands  at  Musquash  Harbor  on  the  north  shore  of  the  Bay  of  Fundy, 
with  instructions  to  report  to  him  thereon. 

Charles  D'Entremont,  under  instructions  from  the  Government, 
assisted  in  the  investigation  relating  to  the  derelict  brigantine  Baltimore; 
and  in  May,  T736,  he  conducted  tliat  vessel  from  Chebogue  Harbor  to 
Annapolis  Royal. 

On  27th  June,  1745,  Jean  Theriault  and  Jean  Potier,  deputies, 
appeared  before  Gov.  Mascarene  and  the  Council  at  Annapolis,  and 
presented  a  memorial  from  some  Acadians  at  Chicnecto. 

Jacques  Mius  D'Entremont,  s.  Philippe,  m.  Anne  de  La  Touu,  d.  Charles 
Amador. 
Issue  :  Marie,  m.,  1705,  Capt.  Fran9ois  Dupont  Duvivier. 
Anne,  m.,  1707,  Enseigne  Antoine  De  Saillan. 

Philippe  3d,  m.,  1707,  Therese  de  St.  Castin,  d.  Baron  de  St.  Castin. 
Jeanne,  m.,  1709,  Lieut.  Louis  Dupont  Duchambon. 
Charles,  m.,  17 12,  Marguerite  Landry, 
Joseph,  m.,  1717,  Cecile  Boudrot. 
Jacques  2d,  m.,  1723,  Marguerite  Amirault. 
And  two  others,  names  not  recorded,  the  youngest  born  in  1697. 

The  Baron  de  St.  Castin,  distinguished  in  early  Acadian  history,  and 
Enseigne  De  Saillan,  were  wounded  in  repulsing  the  attack  on  Port 
Royal  on  Aug.  31,  1707  ;  and  on  Sept.  8,  De  Saillan  died  of  his  wounds. 

It  was  the  son  of  Franqois  and  Marie  Duvivier  who  commanded 
the  forces  which  went  from  Louisburg  to  an  attack  on  Annapolis  Royal 
in  1 744,  marching  from  Chicnecto  via  Grand  Pr6.  Duvivier  demanded 
from  Gov.  Mascarene  the  surrender  of  the  fort.  After  an  exchange  of 
messages,  in  which  both  commanders  exhibited  diplomatic  skill, 
Duvivier,  convinced  that  the  governor  was  by  no  means  inclined  to 
surrender,  returned  with  his  forces  to  Louisburg. 


454  D'EA'/RKAtOM: 

Louis  Dupont  Duchambon  was  commandant  at  Louisburg  when 
surrendered  to  the  forces  from  Boston  under  Pepperell  in  June,  1 745  ; 
and  M.  Duchambon  de  Vergor,  son  of  I-ouis  and  Jeanne,  was  appointed 
to  the  command  of  Fort  Heausejour,  Chicnecto,  which  yielded  to  the 
forces  from  Ik)Ston  under  Col.  Monckton  in  June,  1755. 

Phiuitk  3d  and  Th^rk.se  (her  mother  was  Melchidk  Pidikwamiscou, 
the  daughter  of  the  Abnaki  chief,  Madockawando)  are  said  to  have 
left  a  numerous  progeny  who  do  not  bear  the  family-name,  but  of  them 
little  can  here  with  certainty  be  said. 

Charles  and  MARCUERrrE  D'Extremont  (Landry)  had  two  sons, 
Pierre  and  Charles,  and  one  or  two  daughters.  The  latter  Charles  had, 
so  far  as  is  known,  two  sons,  Charles  and  Laurent. 

Joseph  and  Cecii.e  D'Entremont  (Houdrot)  had  two  sons,  Joseph  2d 
and  Simon ;  daughters,  if  any,  unknown.  Joseph  2d  had  four  sons, 
Etienne,  Augustin,  Corneille,  and  Philippe.  Simon  had  a  son,  Firmain. 
It  is  said  that  these  branches  of  the  family  of  Jacques  Mius  D'Entre- 
mont went  to  France  after  the  events  of  1755. 

It  would  seem  that  the  Acadians  living  on  the  south-western  shores 
of  Nova  Scotia  were  not  removed  in  1755.  They  were  scattered  over 
various  localities ;  and  like  some  others  from  the  northern  shores,  who 
retreated  to  places  on  the  Gulf  coast,  a  good  many  eventually  succeeded 
in  eludi'^c;  the  vigilance  of  their  persecutors  from  Massachusetts. 

According  to  the  account  of  Henri  Leond^e  D'Entremont  of  Pub- 
nico  (the  son  of  Nicolas,  the  son  of  Sylvain,  the  son  of  Cyrille,  the  son 
of  Joseph,  the  eldest  son  of  Jacques  2d),  his  great-great-great-great- 
grandfather, Jacques  D'Entremont  2d,  was  removed  with  his  family  to 
Boston  in  1756,  where  he  died  in  1759,  and  was  buried  at  Roxbury. 

In  September,  1758,  Joseph  Landry  and  Charles  D'Entremont, 
"  two  of  the  principal  men  of  Cape  Sable,"  and  representing  about  forty 
families,  one  hundred  and  fifty  persoiir,  residing  there,  petitioned  the 
governor  of  Massachusetts  that  they  might  remain  on  the  lands  they 
then  occupied,  or  be  received  into  New  England,  wliich  request  was 
communicated  to  Gen.  Amherst  and  Gov.  Lawrence,  with  the  declaration 
that  Massachusetts  was  unwilling  to  receive  them. 

In  the  spring  of  1759,  Gov.  Lawrence  despatched  vessels  to  Cape 
Sable,  which  took  on  board  one  hundred  and  fifty-two  persons,  m.en, 


APPENDIX  K.  455 

women,  and  children,  and  carried  them  to  Halifax,  landing  them  on 
Governor's  Island.  In  November,  1759,  they  were  placed  on  board  of 
his  Majesty's  ship  Sutherland,  and  carried  to  England.  What  disposi- 
tion was  then  made  of  them,  does  not  appear ;  but  no  doubt  they  passed 
over  into  France. 

On  Nov.  18,  1759,  PiKRRK  SuRETTE,  Ji-:an  Bourque,  and  Michel 
BouRQUE,  deputies  from  about  seven  hunilred  Acadians  residing  at 
Miramichi,  Richibucto,  and  Buctouche,  arrived  at  Fort  Cuml)erland, 
Chicnecto,  asking  for  a  supply  of  provisions  for  the  winter.  In  1 760 
another  delegation  from  the  same  people  arri.cd  at  Fort  Cumberland,  and 
concluded  a  treaty  with  Col.  Fry,  commandant  there,  agreeing  to  become 
subjects  of  Great  Britain  on  condition  that  they  should  be  permitted  to 
retain  their  property,  and  thenceforth  receive  humane  treatment.  This 
treaty  was  signed  by  M.  M.  Manache  (missionaire),  Abraham  Dugast, 
Fran(,ois  Arsenault,  Michlx  Bourque,  Paul  Le  Blam:,  Pierre  GAUrRor, 
and  Pierre  Surette. 

The  conflict  between  France  and  England  was  terminated  by  a  treaty 
of  peace,  signed  at  Paris,  Feb.  10,  1763. 

In  June,  1 764,  Lord  Halifax,  Secretary  for  the  Colonies,  addressing 
Lieut.-Gov.  Montague  Wilmot  of  Nova  Scotia,  said,  "  His  Majesty 
considers  the  French  Acadians  in  the  same  light  with  the  rest  of  his 
Roman-Catholic  subjects  in  America.  If  they  shall  be  willing  to  take 
the  oath  of  allegiance,  and  to  become  good  subjects  and  useful  inhabit- 
ants, it  will  be  your  care  to  settle  them  in  such  parts  of  your  government 
as  may  be  agreeable  to  themselves,  and  at  the  same  time  consistent  with 
the  public  peace  and  security." 

In  December,  1 764,  about  six  hundred  Acadians,  chiefly  from  places 
in  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  procured  vessels  at  their  own  expense,  and 
proceeded  for  the  French  West  Indies.  Gov.  Wilmot,  reporting  this 
exodus  to  the  Home  Government,  said,  "  Their  settlement  in  the 
West  Indies  removes  them  far  from  us ;  and  as  that  climate  is  mortal  to 
the  natives  of  the  Northern  countries,  the  French  will  not  be  likely  to 
gain  any  considerable  advantage  from  them." 

Gov.  Wilmot  died  in  May,  1 766  ;  and  in  August,  Michael  Francklin 
was  appointed  to  succeed  him.  Gov.  Francklin  had  been  a  Halifax 
merchant  and  a  member  of  the  Executive  Council :  and  his  wife  was 


456  THE  ACADIANS. 

a  granddaughter  of  Peter  Faneuil  of  lioston,  a  wealthy  and  liberal- 
minded  merchant  of  that  town,  whose  name  is  honored  in  Faneuil  Hall, 
the  "  Cradle  of  Liberty." 

With  Gov.  Francklin's  administration  came  a  measure  of  jus- 
tice to  the  Acadians.  His  representations  to  the  Home  Government 
had  led  to  a  change  of  policy ;  and  accordingly  we  find  nun  \\\  June, 
1768,  writing  to  Isaac  Deschamps,  M.P.P.  for  Windsor,  and  afterwud 
chief  justice  of  Nova  Scotia,  "  I  have  it  in  command  from  His  Ma- 
jesty to  give  them  [the  Acadians]  the  fullest  assurance  of  his  Royal 
favour  and  protect'on.  .  .  .  They  will  be  treated  at  all  times  with  the 
same  degree  of  indulgence  and  protection  as  His  Majesty's  other  sub- 
jects. And  to  this  you  may  also  add  that  the  Government  has  not  the 
least  desire  either  to  molest  or  disturb  them  on  account  of  their  religion." 

To  Col.  Denson  of  Falmouth,  Gov.  Francklin  wrote  on  July  4, 
1 768,  "  I  am,  therefore,  to  desire  that  you  do  exempt  them  [the 
Acadians]  from  mustering  or  training,  until  you  have  orders  to  the  con- 
trary from  the  Governor  or  Commander-m-Chief  for  the  time  being ; 
and  I  am  further  to  signify  to  you  that  it  is  the  King's  intentions  and  I 
do  expect,  that  they  be  treated  by  the  Officials  of  Gov  joent  with  all 
possible  mildness  and  tenderness  upon  every  occasion,  10  the  end  that 
they  may  not  have  the  least  cause  to  repent  of  their  having  submitted  in 
so  ample  a  manner  to  His  Majesty's  Government."  And  so  it  seems 
that  the  Acadians  had  found  a  kind  and  gentle  and  influential  friend  in 
Lady  Franckijn, 

The  instructions  granting  permission  to  the  Acadians  to  settle  again 
in  Nova  Scotia,  were  received  at  Halifax  in  September,  1 764  ;  and  when 
the  tidings  reached  them  in  Massachusetts,  some  of  the  former  residents 
of  Argyle  ♦urned  toward  their  old  homes.  "Dans  I'ann^e  1766  (^crit 
Benoni  D'Entremont)  nous  avons  laisse  la  Nouvelle-Angleterre  pour  aller 
nous  rtitablir  au  Cap  Sable. 

In  i860  the  historian  Rameau  visited  Argyle,  and  an  account  of  his 
"  Voyage  en  Acadie  "  was  published  at  the  time  at  Paris  in  the  "  Econo- 
miste  Franq:ais."  He  wrote  that  nine  Acadian  families  came  from 
Boston  to  Pubnico  in  1766  ;  namely,  three  D'Entremont,  one  Mius,  two 
lielliveau,  two  Amirault,  and  one  Duon.  These  were  Joseph,  Paul,  and 
Benoni  D'Entremont,  Pierre  and  Louis  Mius,  Charlf_s  J.  and  Isidore 
Bellivlau,  Jacques  and  Ange  Amirault,  and  Abel  Duon. 


APPENDIX  K.  457 

In  October,  1767  (says  Murdoch),  eighteen  Acadian  families  at 
Cape  Sable  (Pubnico)  applied  to  the  government  for  lands.  P'our  years 
afterward  lands  were  surveyed  and  granted  to  them;  and  in  June, 
1784,  further  grants  were  ordered  to  Henoni  D'P^ntremont,  Pierre 
Meuse,  and  others,  of  lands  in  Argyle. 

Jacquks  D'Eni  rkmont  2d,  s.  Jacques,  m.  Maruukrite  Amirault,  ob.  179G. 
Issue  :  Joseph,  ni.  Aj^nes  ISelliveau. 
Paul,  m.  Isabelle  Kelliveaii. 
Hcnoni  (1745),  m.  Anne  I'othier,  d.  Dominitiue. 
Anne,  m.  Abel  Duon. 
One  other  daughter,  not  married.- 
Joseph  D'Kntrkmont,  s.  Jacques  2d,  m.  Agnes  Heli.iveau. 
Issue:  Cyrille,  m.  Anastasie  Pothier,  d.  Dominique. 
Marguerite,  m.  Amand  Pothier,  s.  Dominique. 
Marie,  m.  Pierre  Pothier,  s.  Dominique. 
Venerante,  m.  Jacques  Amirault  2d,  s.  Jacques  ist. 
Charles  Celestin,  m.  Marie  lioudrcau,  d.  .Michel. 
Joseph  blie,  m.  Celeste  Amirault,  d.  Joseoh  3d. 
Esther,  m.  Jean  Jiaptiste  Pothier,  s.  Dominique. 
Louise,  m.  Athanase  Surette,  .s.  I'ierre  2d. 
Genevieve,  m.  Jose|)h  IJoudreau,  s.  Michel. 
Paul  D'Entremont,  s.  Jacques  2d,  m.  Isabelle  Belliveau. 
Issue:  Jacques  3d,  m.  Angelique  Hourque,  d.  Jean  ist. 
Hilaire,  m.  Anne  Pothier,  d.  Sylvain  ist. 
Etienne,  m.  Rosalie  Le  Blanc,  d.  Joseph  ist. 
Joseph  Levi,  m.  Marie   Le  Blanc,  d.  Joseph   1st.    Their  twelve  children 

all  (lied  young. 
Benjamin,  m.  Marguerite  Le  Blanc,  d.  Joseph'ist. 
Gabriel,  not  married. 
Benoni  D'Entremont,  s.  Jacques  2d,  m.  Annk  Pothikr,  d.  Dominique. 
Issue:  1784.     Joseph  Josue,  m.  Nathalie  Le  Blanc,  d.  Joseph  ist. 

I.  Eli/.abeth  Larkin,  d.  John. 


1788.     Simon,  m.  ^„.    ,     ,   ^,      .     , 

2.  Elisabeth  Theriault. 

(  I.  Marie  Amirault,  d.  Cyriaque. 
I/OO.     Philippe,  m.  5  ,       .,       „  ,    „. 

(2.  Genevieve  Surette,  d.  Pierre  3d. 

'799-  J«:a"»  n».  Jeanne  Le  Blanc,  d.  Joseph  ist. 

1801.  Joseph  Vincent,  m.  Madeleine  Amirault,  d.  .Simon. 

1805.  .Marc,  not  married. 

1786.  .Marguerite,  m.  Louis  Amirault,  s.  Ange. 

1793.  Marie,  m.  Joseph  Le  Blanc  2d,  s.  Joseph  ist. 

1796.  Anne,  m.  Frederic  Le  Blanc,  s.  Joseph  ist. 


458  D'ENTREMONT. 

Cyrille  D'Entremont,  s.  Joseph,  m.  Anastasie  Pothier,  d.  Dominique. 

Issue  :  Anne,  m.  Anselme  Le  Blanc,  s  Joseph  ist. 

Julie,  m.  Paul  Fran(;ois  Surette,  s.  Paul  ist. 

Sylvain  ist  (1795-18S1),  m.  Elisabeth  Amirault,  d.  Joseph  3d. 

Pierre,  m.  Madeleine  Babin,  d.  Charles  Amand. 

Remi,  m.  Leonice  Belliveau  of  Clare. 

Anselme,  m.  Genevieve  Duon,  d.  Augustin. 

Joseph  Cyrille,  m.  Marguerite  D'Entremont,  d.  Benjamin. 

Jean  B.,  m.  Fran(,oise  Babin,  d.  Charles  Amand. 

(1.  Charles  Duon,  s.  Augustin. 
Marguerite,  m.     J 

I  2.  Etienne  V.  D'Entremont,  s.  Etienne. 

Madeleine,  m.  Joseph  R.  D'Entremont,  s.  Etienne. 

And  one  other  daughter,  not  married. 

Charles  Celestin  D'Entremont,  s.  Joseph,  m.  Marie  Boudreau,  d.  Michel. 

Issue :  Dominique,  m.  Anne  Catherine  D'Entremont,  d.  Hilaire. 

Severin   m.  Rosalie  Amirault,  d.  Marc  ist. 

I.  Mathilde  Belliveau,  d.  Charles. 


Timothee,  m. 

2.  Susan  Moulton. 

Simon,  m.  Madeleine  Surette,  d.  Joseph  2d. 

Charles,  m.  Julia  Burns. 

Louis,  m.  Marie  Jeanne  D'Entremont,  d.  Benjamin. 

( I.  Madeleine  D'En*  amont,  d.  Benjamin. 

Guillaume,  m.  •       a     •      ,.   j   c- 

(  2.  Frangoise  Amirault,  d.  Simon. 

« 

Marguerite,  m.  Etienne  Duon,  s.  Augustin. 
Anne  H.,  m.  Frederic  Amirault,  s.  Joseph  3d. 
Frarcoise,  m.  Gabriel  Babin,  s.  Charles. 
Rosaije,  m.  Fran<,'ois  Bourque,  s.  Joseph. 
Cecile,  m.  Anselme  D'Entremont,  s.  Benjamin. 
Joseph  Elie  D'Entremont,  s.  Joseph,  m.  Celeste  Amirault,  d.  Joseph  3^^ 
Issue  :  Athanase,  m.  Sophique  Surette,  d.  Eusebe,  of  Surette's  Island. 
I.  Anselme  D'Entremont,  s.  Hilaire. 


Marie,  m. 

.  2.  Raphael  Bourgeois. 

George,  m.  Mathilde  Surette,  d.  Prospere,  of  Surette's  Island. 

Gertrude,  m.  Francj-ois  D'Entremont,  s.  of  Joseph  Josue. 

Genevieve,  m.  Philippe  Duon,  s.  Augustin. 

Patrice,  m.  Philomene  D'Entremont,  d.  Anselme. 

Veronique,  m.  Pierre  S.  D'Entremont,  s.  Simon. 

Alexandre,  not  married. 

Luc,  not  married. 

Jacques  D'Entremont  3d,  s.  Paul,  m.  Angelique  Bourque,  d.  Jean  ist. 

Issue  :  .Scholastique,  m.  Louis  Amirault,  s.  Cyriaque. 

Ma.ximin,  m.  Catherine  Amirault,  d.  Simon. 


APPENDIX  K.  459 

Jacques  D'Entremont,  continued. 

Francois,  m.  Scholastique  Amirault,  d.  Simon. 

Madeleine,  m.  Esaie  Belliveau  of  Gilbert's  Cove. 

Marie  Anne,  m.  Jean  15.  Pothier,  s.  Amand. 

Angelique  Foi  (1807,  Sept.  27),  m.  Ambroise  Amirault,  s.  Louis. 
HiLAiRE  D'Entremijnt,  s.  Paul,  m.  Anne  rorniER,  d.  Sylvain  ist. 
Issue  :  Anne  Catherine,  m.  Donli^^ique  D'Entremont,  s.  Charles  Celestin. 

Elisabeth,  m.  Cyrille  Duon,  s.  Paul. 

Anselme,  m.  Marie  D'Entremont,  d.  Josejjh  Elie. 

Sylvain  2d,  m.  Marguerite  Le  Blanc  of  Clare. 

Pierre,  m.  Catherine  Duon,  d.  Augustin. 

Jean,  m.  Marguerite  Surette,  d.  Augustin  ist. 

( I.  Ursule  D'Entremont,  d.  Sylvain  ist. 
Andre,  m.  j  . 

(  2.  Mane  LeBlanc  {uie  Pothier),  \v.  Joseph. 

Jacques,  m.  Marie  Babin,  d.  Jean. 

Marguerite,  m.  Cyriaque  Amirault,  s.  Marc. 

And  two  other  dau^  hters,  not  married. 

Etienne  D'Entremont,  s.  Paul,  m.  Rosalie  LeBlanc,  d.  Joseph  ist. 

Issue  :  Paul  2d,  m.  P'ranCj'oise  Amirault,  <\.  Charles. 

Joseph  R.,  m.  Madeleine  D'Entremont,  d.  Cyrille  ist. 

(  I.  Elisabeth  Amirault,  d.  Jean. 
Eticnne  V.,  m.  \ 

{  2.  Marguerite  D'Entremont,  d.  Cyrille  1st. 

Martin,  m.  Rosalie  D'Entremont,  d.  Joseph  Vincent. 

Thecle,  ni.  Cyprien  Duon,  s.  Paul. 

Madeleine,  m.  Joseph  J.  Amirault,  s.  Louis  ist. 

Euphroisine,  m.  Ange  A.  Amirault,  s.  Jean. 

Jeanne,  m.  Toussaint  Amirault,  s.  Jean. 

Jeremie,  not  married. 
Benjamin  D'Entremont,  s.  Paul,  m.  Marguerite  LeBlanc,  d.  Joseph  ist. 
Issue :  Marie  Jeanne,  m.  Louis  D'Entremont,  s.  Charles  Celestin. 

Marguerite,  m.  Joseph  C.  D'Entremont,  s.  Cyrille  ist- 

Madeleine,  m.  Guillaume  D'Entremont,  s.  Charles  Celestin. 

Anselme,  m.  Cecile  D'Entremont,  d.  Charles  Celestin. 

Cyriaque,  m.  Gertrude  Pothier,  d.  Alexandre. 

Joseph  F.,  m.  Elisabeth  Duon,  d.  Etienne. 

M^ximin,  m.  Fran9oise  D'Entremont,  d.  Fran<,-ois. 
Joseph  Josu6  D'Entremont,  s.  Benoni,  m.  Nathalie  Le  Blanc,  d.  Joseph  ist. 
Issue  :  Fran(;ois,  m.  Gertrude  D'Entremont,  d.  Joseph  Elie. 

Rosalie,  m.  Sylvain  Amirault,  s.  Jean. 

Philippe,  m.  Julie  D'Entremont,  d.  Sylvain  ist. 

Louis  B.,  m.  Victoire  D'Entremont,  d.  Sylvain  ist. 

( I.  Rosalie  Duon,  d.  Etienne. 
Marc,  m.    { 

(  2.  Colombe  Duon,  d.  Cyprien. 


46o  D  'ENTREMONT. 

JoSEi'H  Josu£  D'Entremont,  continued. 

Alexandre,  m.  Veronique  D'Entremont,  d.  Paul. 

Petronille,  m.  Louis  B.  Amirault,  s.  Louis  2d. 

And  two  other  sons,  not  married. 

„  ,^,^  „  (I-  Elizabeth  Larkin,  d.  John. 

Simon  D'Entremont,  s.  Benom,  m.  { 

( 2.  Elisabeth  Theriaolt. 

Issue  :  Marie  Anne,  m.  Paul  Amirault,  s.  Cyriaque. 

_      . ,        (I.  Monique  Amirault,  d.  Charles. 
David,  m. ! 

(  2.  Catharine  Murphy. 

„.         ^         ( I-  Anne  Pothier,  d.  Joseph  Josue. 
Pierre  S.,  m.  j  j       r    j 

(  2.  Veronique  D'Entremont,  d.  Joseph  Elie. 

Marguerite,  m.  Mathurin  Amirault,  s.  Jean. 

Elisabeth,  m.  Paul  Amirault,  s.  Charles. 

Rosalie,  m.  Mande  Le  Blanc,  s.  Benjamin. 

And  three  other  daughters,  not  married. 
By  2d  wife  :  — 

Louis  M.,  m.  Jeanne  D'Entremont,  d.  Joseph. 

Virginie,  m.  Toussaint  Amirault,  s.  Joseph  Josue. 

Marie  Jeanne,  m.  Alexis  Amirault,  s.  Frederic. 

Isabelle  Anne,  m.  Nicolas  Amirault,  s.  Philippe. 

Damas,  not  married. 

Nathal'3,  not  married. 

Catherine,  not  married. 

Charles,  not  married. 

Joseph,  not  married. 

,   I.  Marie      Rosalie      Amirault,     d. 
Philippe  D'Entremont,  s.  Benoni,  m.  \  Cyriaque. 

(_  2.  GENEVifevE  Surette,  d.  Pierre  3d. 
Issue :  Anne  Marguerite,  m.  Paul  F.  Amirault,  s.  Simon. 

Julie,  m.  Dominique  Duon,  s.  Etienne. 

Louis,  m.  Fran9oise  B-;lliveau,  d.  Jean. 

Marie  Jeanne,  m.  John  Carroll. 

Remi,  m.  Madeleine  Surette,  d.  Jean  B. 

Madeleine,  m.  Xavier  Babin,  s.  Jean,  ?  Charles  Amand. 

Pierre,  not  married. 

Cyriaque  L.,  not  married. 

Mathurin,  not  married. 

Elisabeth,  Rosalie,  and  two  others,  not  married. 
Jean  D'Entremont,  s.  Benoni,  m.  Jeanne  Le  Blanc,  d.  Joseph  ist. 
Issue :  Marguerite,  m.  Simon  Le  Blanc,  s.  Frederic. 

Charlotte,  m.  Dominique  Q.  Amirault,  s.  Jean. 

Catherine,  m.  Andre  Amirault,  s.  Louis  i^t. 


APPENDIX  K.  461 

Jean'D'Entremont,  continued. 

Marie,  m.  Michel  D.  Pothier,  s.  Dominique. 

Fran9oise,  m.  Augustin  Duon,  s.  Mathurin. 

Joseph  L.,  m.  Juliette  D'Entremont,  d.  Pierre,  a  Hilaire. 

Josue  E.,  m.  Marie  D'Entremont,  d.  Jean,  a  Hilaire. 

Hilaire,  Andre,  David,  and  two  others,  not  married. 

Joseph  Vincent  D'Entremont,  s.  Benoni,  m.  Madeleine  Amirault,  d.  Simon. 

( I.  Marie  Anne  Amirault,  d.  Louis  2d. 
Issue  :  Simon,  m. ' 

(  2.  Julienne  Pothier,  d.  Seraphin. 

( I.  Marie  Bibienne  D'Entremont,  d.  Sylvain  1st. 
Ambroise,  m.    ! 

(  2.  Marine  Amirault,  d.  Ange  A. 

[\.  Juliette  Amirault,  d.  Louis  2d. 
Esai'e,  m.  -J 

L2.  Perpetue  D'Entremont,  d.  Paul. 

Rosalie,  m.  Martin  D'Entremont,  s.  Etienne. 

Jean  B.,  ni.  Rosalie  Pothier,  d.Cyrille  of  Eel  Lake. 

Cyriaque,  m.  Ursule  D'Entremont,  d.  Jean,  a  Hilaire. 

Anne,  Vitaline,  Paul,  Marc,  Jeanne,  and  one  other,  not  married. 

Sylvain  D'Entremont  ist,  s.  Cyrille,  m.  Elisabeth  Amirault,  d.  Joseph  3d. 
Issue  :  Julie,  m.  Philippe  D'Entremont,  s.  Joseph  Josue. 

Victoire,  m.  Louis  B.  D'Entremont,  s.  Joseph  Josue. 
Ursule,  m.  Andre  D'Entremont,  s.  Hilaire. 
Marie  Bibienne,  m.  Ambroise  D'Entremont,  s.  Joseph  Vincent. 
Nicolas  (1835,  Aug.  2),  m.  Anne  Vitaline  Amirault,  d.  Ambroise. 
f  I.  Nathalie  Duon,  d.  Mathurin. 
'  ^  2.  Madeleine  D'Entremont,  d.  Guillaume. 
Nicolas   D'Entremont,  s.    Sylvain    ist,   m.    Anne    Vitaline    Amirault,   d. 
Ambroise. 
Issue  :   1S60.    Aug.  25.   Nicolas  Alfred. 

1862.    Oct.  22.    Henri  Leondee,  m.  Marie  Rose  D'Entremoi.t,  d.  Athanase. 
1864.    Dec.  8.      Marie  Elisabeth. 

Agnes  Louise  Alice. 
Guillaume  Edmond. 
Jacques  Gilbert. 
Francois  Ephraim. 
Lucie  Anne. 
Estelle  Marie  Therese. 

The  parents  of  the  following,  comprising  the  Bellivf-au  family  that 
came  to  Pubnico  1766-1767,  have  not  been  definitely  ascertained  :  — 

Charles  Joseph,  m.  Marguerite  Bastarache. 
Isidore,  m.  Ursule  Amirault,  d.  Jacques  ist. 
Michel,  not  married. 


462  BELLIVEAL. 

Agnes,  m.  Joseph  D'Entremont,  s.  Jacques  2d. 

Isabelle,  m.  Paul  D'Entremont,  s.  Jacques  2d. 

Nathalie,  m.  Ange  Aniirault,  s  Jacciues  ist. 
Charles  Joseph  Belliveau,  m.  Marguerite  Bastarache. 
Issue  :  Marie,  m.  John  Larkin. 

Joseph,  m.  Marie  Osithe  Bourc[ue,  d.  Jean  ist. 

Marguerite,  tn.  Charles  Amand  Babin,  s.  Joseph  ist. 

Claire,  died  young. 
Isidore  Belliveau,  m.  Ursule  Amirault,  d.  Jacques  ist. 
Issue  :  Charles  Ballou,  m.  Sherah  Robbins,  d.  James  2d. 

Marguerite,  m.  Joseph  Le  Blanc  2d,  s.  Joseph  ist. 

Elisabeth,  m.  Basile  Bourcjue,  s.  Jean  ist. 

Pierre,  not  married. 
Joseph  Belliveau.  s.  Charles  J.,  m.  Marie  Osithe  Bourque,  d.  Jean  ist. 
Issue :  Jean,  m.  Thecle  Surette,  d.  Jean  Louis. 

Joseph,  not  married. 

Charles,  not  married. 

Pierre,  m.  Juliette  .A.mirault,  d.  Cyriaque. 

Basile,  m.  Marie  Anne  Amirault,  d.  Louis  ist. 

Celestin,  not  married. 

Marie  Helene,  not  married. 
Jean  Belliveau,  s.  Joseph,  m.  Thecle  Surette,  d.  Jean  Louis. 
Issue  :  Basile,  m.  Monique  Belliveau,  w.  Louis  Remi. 

Helene,  m.  Jean  Amirault,  s.  Louis. 

Marguerite  Rosalie,  m.  Anselme  Amirault,  s.  Jean. 

Margerie,  not  married. 

Framboise,  m.  Louis  D'Entremont,  s.  Philippe. 

Susanne,  not  married. 

Jean,  m.  Elise  Boudreau. 

Pierre,  m.  Sophique  Bourque,  d.  Francois,  a  Joseph. 

Michel,  m.  .Sophique  Surette,  d.  Prospere,  a  Joseph,  of  Eel  Brook. 

Louis,  not  married. 

Madeleine,  m.  George  N.  Eaton. 
Pierre  Belliveau,  s.  Joseph,  m.  Juliette  Amirault,  d.  Cyriaque. 
Issue:  Zacharie,  m.  Ursule  Boudreau,  d.  Feli.x. 

Cyriaque,  m.  Rosalie  Amirault,  d.  Francois. 
Basile  Belliveau,  s.  Joseph,  m.  Marie  Anne  Amirault,  d.  Louis. 
Issue  :  Anne  Mathilde,  m.  Mande  Comeau. 

Louis  Remi,  m.  Monique  Amirault,  d.  Fran9ois. 

Sylvain,  m.  Clara  Dorman. 

Joseph  Leon,  m.  Elisabeth  Rose  D'Entremont,  d.  Pierre  S. 

Catherine,  Isaac,  Marie,  Marguerite,  Monique,  Marc  Esaie,  Alexandre 
Svlvain,  not  married. 


APPENDIX  K.  463 

Charles  Ballou  Belliveau,  s.  Isidore,  m.  Sherah  Robbins,  d.  James  2d. 

Issue :  Mathildc,  m.  Timothee  D'Entremont,  s.  Charles  Celestin. 

T  . ,  ,         ( '•  I-etitia  Robbins,  d.  Samuel. 

Isidore  2d,  m.  J 

( 2.  Phoebe  Goodwin. 

Margerie,  m.  Jeremiah  Larkin. 

T„.^„       Tj  J      ^,     ,  ( '•  Letitia  Robbins,  d.  Samuel. 

Isidore  Belliveau  2d,  s.  Charles,  m.  | 

( 2.  Phcebe  Goodwin. 
Issue  :  Marie  Alice,  m.  Isaiah  Kenney. 

Israel,  m.  in  Lockeport. 

Jacques,  m.  Sarah  Nickerson. 

George,  Anne,  Benjamin,  Helene,  not  married. 
Abel  Duon,  m.  Anne  D'Entremont,  d.  Jacques  2d. 
Issue  :  Augustin,  m.  Nathalie  Amirault,  d.  Ange. 

Paul,  m.  Victoire  Boudreau,  d.  Michel. 

Marie,  m.  Pierre  Surette  2d,  s.  Pierre  ist. 

Cecile,  not  married. 

Ursule. 

Jacques. 

Euphroisine. 

Monique,  m.  Amable  Boudreau,  s.  Michel. 

Augustin  Duon,  s.  Abel,  m.  Nathalie  Amirault,  d.  Ange. 

Issue:    1796.     Madeleine,  m.  Anselme  Pothier,  s.  Amand. 

1797.     Etienne,  m.  Marguerite  D'Entremont,  d.  Charles  Celestin. 

1800.    Jean,  m.  Elisabeth  Boudreau,  d.  Joseph. 

1802.     Charles,  m.  Marguerite  D'Entremont,  d.  Cyrille  ist.    No  issue. 

1S03.     Monique,  m.  Seraphin  Pothier,  s.  Sylvain  ist. 

1805.    Catherine,  m.  Pierre  D'Entremont,  s.  Hilaire. 

1807.     Mathurin,  m.  Rosalie  Boudreau,  d.  Joseph. 

1809,    Julien,  m.  Marie  Surette,  d.  Paul  Francois. 

1S14.     David,  m.  Anne  Pothier,  d.  Pierre  ist. 

1817.     Philippe,  m.  Genevieve  D'Entremont,  d.  Joseph  Elie. 

1812.    Genevieve,  m.  Anselme  D'Entremont,  s.  Cyrille  ist. 
Paul  Duon,  s.  Abel,  m.  Victoire  Boudreau,  d.  Michel. 
Issue  :   Marie,  m.  Marc  Saulnier. 

Celeste,  m.  Ange  Saulnier. 

Rosalie,  m.  Archange  Surette,  s.  Augustin. 

Joseph,  m.  Perpetue  Amirault,  d.  Charles. 

Cyprien,  m.  Thecle  D'Entremont,  d.  Etienne. 

Cyrille,  m.  Elisabeth  D'Entremont,  d.  Hilaire. 

Gabriel,  m.  Ursule  Surette,  d.  Augustin.     No  issue. 

Marc,  Simon,  Margueriie.  and  Madeleine,  not  married. 


464  DUON. 

EriENNK  Di'oN,  s.  Augiistin,  m.  Marguerite  D'Kntremont,  d.  Charles  Celestin 
Issue  :    Elisabeth,  m.  Joseph  V.  D'Entremont,  s.  Benjamin. 

Rosalie,  m.  Marc  D'Entremont,  s.  Joseph  Josue. 

Dominique,  m.  Julie  D'Entremont,  d.  Philippe. 

Scholastique,  m.  Charles  V.  Amirault,  s.  Joseph. 

Madeleine,  m.  Cesar  Habin,  s.  Simon. 

Pierre,  m.  Josephine  D'Entremont,  d.  Joseph  Cyrille. 

Fran9ois,  m.  Marine  Doucette,  d.  Ange,  of  Chebec. 

Geneviivc,  m.  lienjamin  Hourque,  s.  Marc. 

Etienne,  Charles  Jovite,  not  married. 

Franc^oise,  Gertrude,  Marie  Anne,  not  married. 
Jean  Duon,  s.  Augustin,  m.  Elisabeth  Boudreau,  d.  Joseph. 
Issue  :   Madeleine,  m.  Pierre  Le  Blanc,  s.  Anselme. 

Rosalie,  m.  Symphorien  Syrette,  s.  Augustin  1st. 

Marin,  m.  Melanic  Surette,  d.  Jean  B. 

Jacques,  m.  Philomene  D'Entremont,  d.  Jean,  a  Milaire. 
Charlotte  Duon,  d.  Cyprien. 


Simon,  m. 

2.  Adcle  D'Entremont,  d.  Philippe,  a  Josue. 

Francois,  m.  Marie  Anne  D'Entremont,  d.  Andre. 

Genevieve,  I'elagie,  not  married. 

Henri,  died  young. 

Mathurin  Duon,  s.  Augustin,  m.  Rosalie  Boudrp:au,  d.  Joseph. 

I.  Fran(;oise  Duon,  d.  Cyrille. 

'  2.  Framboise  D'Entremont,  d.  Jean. 

Nathalie,  m.  Michel  D'Entremont,  s.  Sylvain. 

I.  Angelique  D'Entremont,  d.  Joseph  Cyrille. 


Issue  :    Augustin,  m.    J 


Ambroise,  m.    ,  ,        „,,,  ,   ^     ,     , 

2.  Perpetue  D  Entreniont,  d.  Paul  2d. 

Sylvain,  m.  Marie  D'Kntremont,  d.  Anselme,  a  Benjamin. 

Anselme,  m.  Marie  Jeanne  Amirault,  d.  Mathurin. 

Catherine,  m.  Romain  D'Entremont,  s.  Dominique. 

Bibienne,  m.  Leon  D'Entremont,  s.  Dominique. 

Monique,  m.  Rami  D'Entremont,  s.  Dominique. 

Julie,  m.  Urbain  D'Entremont,  s.  Joseph  Cyrille. 

JOLiKN  Duon,  s.  Augu.stin,  m.  Marie  Sureite,  d.  Paul  Francois. 

Issue  :    Francois,  m.  Modeste  Amirault,  d.  F'rederic. 

Michel,  m.  Victoire  Duon,  d.  Joseph. 

Symphorien,  m.  .Seraphie  D'Entremont,  d.  Dominique. 

Zacharie,  m.  Esther  Amirault,  d.  Frederic. 

Charles,  m.  Catherine  D'Entremont,  d.  Dominique. 

Nicolas,  m.  Emilie  D'Entremont,  d.  Maximin. 

I.  Dominique  D'Entremont,  s.  Joseph. 


Angelique,  m-  ,.,...     ,,,  t,     •      • 

(  2.  Maximm  Le  Blanc,  s.  Benjamin. 

Anastasie,  not  married. 

Germain,  died  young. 


ai'I'i:m)ix  k.  4^5 

David  Duon,  s.  Augusiin,  m.  Anni.  I'oihiek,  d.  I'icrrc  ist. 

(I.  Monicjue  D'Entrcmont,  d.  Joseph  Cyrillc. 
Issue  :   I.eon,  ni.    { 

(  2.  FraiKjOise  Itourquc,  d.  Franvois. 

Cyriaquc,  m.  Catherine  Comeau,  d.  I'ierre  of  Clare. 

Marguerite,  m.  Isaac  O'Enfrcmont,  s.  Franv'ois. 

l)oniathilde,  in.  Juiien  D'Entrcmont,  s.  Domini<|ue. 

Virginie,  m.  Apollonaire  D'Entrcmont,  s.  Fran(,ois. 

Susanne,  Marie  Anne,  not  married. 
V\\\\.\v\v.  Duo.v,  8.  .\ugiistin,  m.  Gl^.NEVifevE  D'Entrkmont,  d.  Joseph'Elie. 
Issue  :    Elit,  m.  Moni((iie  Bourfjue,  d.  I''ran(,oi.s. 

Symphorien,  m.  .Marie  Doucette,  (I.  Ange  of  Chebec. 

Agapis,  m.  Catherine  D'Entrcmont,  d.  Joseph  Cyrillc. 

komain,  m.  Elise  D'Entrcmont,  d.  Marin. 

Marie,  m.  Cyprien  Amirault,  s.  Simon,  a  Simon. 

V'eroninue,  m.  Ferdinand  Amirault,  s.  Louis. 

Denis,  Joseph,  Christine,  not  married. 
JosEi'H  Dues,  s.  Paul,  m.  PEKPliTUK  Amirault,  d.  Charles. 
Issue  :    Eustache,  m.  Fran(;()ise  Surette,  d.  Jean  V>. 

Voiontin,  m.  Marguerite  Surette,  d.  Zacharie. 

J().seph,  m.  Eugenie  D'Entrcmont,  d.  George. 

Moni(|ue,  m.  Kemi  D'Entrcmont,  s.  Pierre,  a  flilaire. 

Victoire,  m.  Michel  Duon,  s.  Juiien. 

Modeste,  m.  Clement  D'Entrcmont,  s.  Jean,  a  Ililaire. 

Scholastii|ue,  not  married. 
CvfRiEN  Duon,  s.  Paul.  m.  TiiifxLK  J)'Entremont,  d.  Etienne. 
Issue  :   Colombc,  m.  Marc  D'Entrcmont,  s.  Joseph  Josue. 

Charlotte,  m.  Simon  Duon,  s.  Jean. 

Louis,  m.  Adelaide  D'Entrcmont,  d.  Joseph  Cyrillc. 

Paul,  m.  Marguerite  lioudreau,  d.  Lucicn. 

Pierre,  m.  Zo<5e  Surette,  d.  Augiistin. 

Zacharie,  ni.  Adeline  Pothier,  d.  Fran',ois,  a  Seraphin. 

Marie,  not  married. 
CvRti.i.E  DroN,  s.  Paul,  m.  Elisabeth  D'Entremont,  d.  Hilaire. 
Issue :    FrauijOisc,  m.  Augustin  Duon,  s.  Mathurin. 

Jactjues,  died  unmarried. 

Other  children  died  young. 
Jacques  .Amirault  ist,  m.  Jeanne  Laure. 
Issue  :  Angc,  m.  Nathalie  Helliveau. 

Jacques  2d,  m.  Venerantc  D'Entremont,  d.  Joseph  ist. 

Hasilc,  settled  at  Sissibou. 

Isidore,  m.  Marie  Le  Blanc,  d.  Pierr"  ist  of  Clare. 

Ursule,  m.  Isidore  Belliveau. 


466  A.}// RAUL/: 

Jacquks  Amirault  ist,  continued. 

Anastasie,  m.  Jean  Doucette  of  Sissibou. 

I.udivine,  m.  Charles  l'>abin,  s.  Victor. 

Rosalie,  in.  Jean  Louis  Surette,  s.  Joseph  1st. 

Genevieve,  m.  Ansclme  Le  Blanc,  s.  Pierre  ist  of  Clare. 

Marie,  ni.  Joseph  I.e  lilanc  ist,  s.  ricrrc  of  Clare. 
Ange  Amirai:lt,  s.  Jacques  ist,  m.  Nathalik  Helliveau. 
Issue  :  Joseph  3d,  m.  Marguerite  Surette,  d.  Joseph  ist. 

Cyriaque,  ni.  Marie  .Surette,  d.  Paul  1st. 

Jean,  m.  Marie  Susanne  Pothier,  d.  Sylvain  ist. 

Simon,  m.  Anne  M.  Surette,  d.  Paul  ist. 

1  I.  Pcrpetue  Pothier,  d.  Sylvain  ist. 
Charles,  ni.   ; 

I  2.  Scholastique  Surette,  d.  Paul  tst. 

I.ouis,  m.  Marguerite  D'Entremont,  d.  Benoni. 

Marc,  m.  Marguerite  Le  Blanc,  d.  Joseph  2d. 

Nathalie,  m.  Augustin  Duon,  s.  Abel. 

Veronique,  m.  Joseph  Bourque,  s.  Jean  ist. 

Susanne,  m.  Simon  Sauinier. 
JosEi'ii  Amirallt  3d,  s.  Ange,  m.  Marguerite  Sureitk,  d.  Joseph  ist. 
Issue  :  Frederic,  m.  Anne  H.  D'Entremont,  d.  Charles  Celestin. 

Celeste,  m.  Joseph  E.  D'Entremont,  s.  Joseph  ist. 

Elisabeth,  m.  Sylvain  D'Entremont,  s.  Cyriile. 

Joseph  M.,  m.  Eulalie  Pothier,  d.  Pierre  ist. 

George,  m.  Marthe  .Surette,  d.  Pierre  3d. 

Veronique,  m.  Joseph  Pothier,  s.  Amand. 

One  other  daughter,  not  married. 
CVRiA<jUE  Amirault,  s.  Ange,  m.  Marie  Surette,  d.  Paul  ist. 
Issue  :  Louis  2d,  m.  .Scholastique  D'Entremont,  d.  Jacques  3d. 

Rosalie,  m.  Philippe  D'Entremont,  s.  Benoni. 

Anastasie,  m.  Alexandre  Pothier,  s.  Pierre  ist. 

Paul,  m.  Marie  Anne  D'Entremont,  d.  Simon. 

Juliette,  rn.  Pierre  Belliveau,  s.  Joseph. 
Jean  Amirault,  s.  Ange,  m.  Marie  Susanne  Poihier,  d.  Sylvain  ist. 
Issue  :  Hilaire,  m.  Elisabeth  Le  Blanc,  d.  Joseph  2d. 

Elisabeth,  m.  Etierine  V.  D'Entremont,  s.  Etienne. 

Ange  A.,  m.  Euphroisine  D'Entremont,  d.  Etienne. 

Sylvain,  m.  Rosalie  D'Entremont,  d.  Joseph  Josue. 

Mathurin,  m.  Marguerite  D'Entremont,  d.  Simon. 

Toussaint,  m.  Jeanne  D'Entremont,  d.  Etienne. 

Anselme,  m.  Marguerite  Rosalie  Belliveau,  d.  Jean. 

Dominique  Q.,  m.  Charlotte  D'Entremont,  d.  Jean. 

Gertrude,  m.  Mathurin  Boudreau,  s.  Dominique. 

Charlotte  Marie,  m.  Jean  B.  Le  Blanc,  s.  Anselme. 

Jeanne,  died  unmarried. 


Charlks  Amirault,  s.  Ange,  ni.    | 


APPENDIX  K.  467 

Simdn  A.MiKAi'i.r,  s.  Ange,  m.  Anne  M.  Surktik,  d.  Paul  ist. 
Issue:  Marc  2d,  m.  Anastasie  I'othier,  d.  Jean  !>;iptiste  1st. 
Madeleine,  m.  Joseph  V.  D'Entremont,  s.  Henoni. 
(  atherine,  m.  Maximin  D'Entremont,  s.  Jacques  3d. 
Scholasticiue,  m.  Fran(,ois  J.  D'Entremont,  s.  Jaccjucs  3d. 
Fran(,oisc,  m.  Guillaiinie  D'Entremont,  s.  Charles  Celestin. 
Jeanne,  not  married. 
Pierre,  not  married. 

Simon  J.,  m.  Marie  Anne  Lc  Klanr,  d.  Joseph  2d. 
Paul  Frani.ois,  m.  Anne  Marguerite  D'Entremont,  d.  Philippe. 

I.  PF.Ri'^ruK  PoniiKR,  d.  Sylvain  ist. 

!  2.    SCHOLASTIQUE  SlRETTE,  d.  I'aul  ISt. 

Issue :  Kran(,oise,  m.  I'aul  D'Entremont,  s.  Etienne. 

Perpetue,  m.  Joseph  Duon,  s.  I'aul. 

Monique,  m.  George  David  D'Entremont,  s.  Simon. 

I'aul,  m.  Elisabeth  D'Entremont,  d.  Simon. 

Madeleine,  not  married. 
Louis  Amirauli,  s.  Ange,  m.  Marguerite  D'Entremo.nt,  d.  Benoni. 
Issue  :  Philippe,  m.  Marie  E.  D'Entremont,  d.  Etienne. 

Ambroise  (Sept.  2,  iSoS),  m.  Angelique  Foi  D'Entremont,  d.  Jacques  3d. 

Joseph  Josue,  m.  Madeleine  D'Entremont,  d.  Etienne. 

(  I.  Marguerite  Amirault,  d.  Marc  ist. 
Andre,  m. , 

(  2.  Catherine  D'Entremont,  d.  Jean. 

Marie  Anne,  m.  Hasile  lielliveau,  s.  Joseph. 

Rosalie,  m.  Marc  Le  ISlanc,  s.  Anselme. 

Marguerite,  m.  Etienne  Le  Blanc,  s.  Simon. 

( I.  Frain,oise  Le  Blanc,  d.  [oseph  zd  of  Pubnico. 
Louis  Remi,  m.   ; 

(  2.  Elisabeth  Pothier,  d.  Sylvain  of  Eel  Brook. 

Jean,  m.  Helene  Belliveau,  d.  Jean. 
Leon  v.,  m.  Marguerite  Amirault,  d.  Marc  2cl  (Capt.). 
Anne  Catherine,  not  married. 
Marc  Amirault,  s.  Ange,  m.  Marguerite  Le  1'>lanc,  d.  Joseph  2d. 
Issue  :  Marie  Jeanne,  m.  Michel  Surette,  s.  Paul  Francois. 

Rosalie,  m.  Severin  D'Entremont,  s.  Charles  Celestin. 
Francois,  m.  Charlotte  Bourque,  d.  Pierre. 
Cyriaque,  m.  Marguerite  D'Entremont,  d.  Hilaire. 
Martin,  m.  Catherine  Pothier,  d.  Sylvain,  a  Jean  B. 

f  I.  Fran9ois  Surette,  s.  Paul  2d. 
Sophique,  w\.\  2.  Cyrille  Melancon  of  Sissibon. 

[  3.  Cyrille  Babin,  s.  Amable. 
Marguerite,  m.  Andre  Amirault,  s.  Louis. 
Elisabeth,  not  married. 


468  AMIRAULT. 

Ambroise  Amirault,  s.  Louis,  m.  Angelique  Foi  D'En tremont,  d.  Jacques  3d. 

Issue  :  1836.  Oct.  19.  Annr  Vitaline,  m.  Nicolas  D'Entremont,  s.  Sylvain  ist. 

1838.  Jan.  15.  Agnes. 

1840.  Feb.  15.  Clement. 

1843.  June  15.  Avit  Israel,  died  young. 

1846.  Aug.  10.  Elisabeth  Therese. 

1848.  Dec.  27.  Augusta  A.,  m.  Marie  Susanne  Amirault,  d.  Dominique. 

1851.  June  23.  Liboire  Elie,  died  young. 

"  Amirault'.s  Hill,"  on  the  eastern  side  of  the  Tiisket  River,  about 
three  miles  below  the  village,  was  so  called  from  Jacques  Amirault 
2d,  son  of  Jacques  ist  of  Pubnico,  who  settled  there.  He  married 
Venerante  D'Entremont,  d.  Joseph  ist,  and  had  issue  :  — 

Pierre,  m.  Marie  Amirault,  d.  Gabriel  of  Meteghan. 
Hilaire,  m.  Anne  Le  Hlanc,  d.  Jean  of  Amirault's  Hill. 
Cyrille,  m.  Angelique  Hebert,  d.  Joseph  2d. 

I.  Seraphie  Le  Blanc,  d.  Chrysostome.    f 


Marc,  m. 

(  2.  Rosalie  Douceite,  w.  Remi,  a  Edouard. 

Romain,  not  married. 

Jacques  3d,  m.  Henriette  Le  Blanc,  d.  Chrysostome. 

Ursule,  m.  Jean  B.  Boudreau,  s.  Michel  ist. 

Scholastique,  m.  Nicolas  Pothier,  s.  Sylvain  ist. 

Marie,  m.  Sylvain  Pothier,  s.  Sylvain  ist. 

Genevieve,  m.  Felix  Boudreau,  s.  Amable. 

No  relationship  has  been  traced  between  the  Amirault  family  of 
Pubnico  and  Joseph  Amirault  who  came  from  Tours,  France,  and 
settled  at  Port  La  Tour.  He  had  a  son  Joseph  Amir-Wlt  2d,  and  four 
of  this  Joseph's  daughters  were,  — 

Cecile,  m.  Pierre  Meuse  ist  of  Roco  Point,  Eel  Brook. 
Marguerite,  m.  Pierre  Le  Blanc  ist  of  Roco  Point,  Eel  Brook. 
Madeleine,  m.  Paul  Surette,  s.  Pierre  2d  of  Eel  Brook. 
Padene,  m.  Jean  Doucette  2d  of  Tusket  Wedge. 

In  the  year  of  Acadian  expatriation  they  were  carried  to  Salem, 
Mass.,  and  in  1 769  they  returned  to  Argyle. 

Closely  connected  with  the  families  of  Pubnico  and  Eel  Brook  are 
many  of  the  Acadians  of  Tusket  Wedge.  Sylvain  and  Amand  Pothier, 
sons  of  Dominique  ist  of  Eel  Brook,  settled  there,  as  well  as  Michel 


APPENDIX  K.  469 

BouDRKAU  who  married  a  daughter  of  Dominique;  Jenn  L'^uis  Siirette, 
son  of  Joseph  ist,  and  Jean  Doucette  2d,  and  their  numerous  rlescendants, 
have  established  a  character  for  enterprise  and  ability  in  that  district 
and  beyond  it. 

The  name  Michel  Boudrot  is  a  familiar  one  to  readers  of  early 
Acadian  history.  In  1687,  Michel  Boudrot,  born  in  1601  (he  had  a 
son  Michel,  born  in  1660),  was  lieutenant-governor  of  Acadie,  and 
then  living  at  Port  Royal.  He  was  sometimes  styled  Judge,  which  was 
a  title  attached  to  the  head  of  the  civil  government  of  the  colony ;  and 
while  Michel  Boudrot  was  at  the  head  of  the  government,  Philip 
Mius  D'Enlreniont  was  procureur  dtt  roi ;  that  is,  attorney,  or  chief 
secretary,  for  the  king. 

References  may  be  here  made  to  some  other  Acadian  families  who 
had  representatives  in  the  colony  in  early  times.  Capt.  Paul  Berirand 
commanded  the  ship  Chafeaitfort  which  sailed  from  Rochelle  for 
Acadie,  in  March,  1654.  The  vessel  was  laden  with  merchandise 
shipped  by  Emmanuel  Le  Borgne,  on  account  of  Madame  I)'.\ulnay 
and  the  Duke  of  Vendome,  pursuant  to  an  agreement  made  between 
them  for  the  joint  proprietorship  of  rights  ''i  Acadie,  which  agreement 
was  confirmed  by  the  king  of  France,  by  a  decree  of  December,  1652. 

Jean  Boucher  was  a  party  to  one  of  the  grants  of  land  in  Acadie. 
passed  by  the  king  of  France  in  1680;  and  in  1707  Thomas  Le 
Fevre  had  a  royal  grant  of  lands,  two  leagues  in  front  and  three  leagues 
in  depth,  between  Point  Meriquet  and  River  St.  George. 

In  1727,  Gov.  Armstrong  appointed  Franqois  Richaru  high  con- 
stable for  .Annapolis  Royal  and  the  adjacent  territory ;  and  in  the  same 
year  Jean  Duon  was  appointed  clerk  to  the  justices  of  the  peace. 

A  prominent  man  in  the  districts  from  Port  Royal  to  Pigiguit  was 
Alexandfk  Bourg  (Bourque).  In  1720  he  was  chief  notary  there.  In 
1 730  he  was  appointed  procureur  du  roi  for  Grand  Pre  and  Pigiguit. 
and  authorized  to  receive  all  payments  and  quit-rents  due  to  the 
Government.  He  held  the  same  position  in  1 740  ;  and  he  was  still  at 
Mines,  "  an  aged  man,"  in  1745.  Antoink  Bourg,  aged  sixty-two,  in 
the  census  of  167 1,  appears  as  the  head  of  a  family,  the  oldest  aged 
twenty-seven  years.     His  wife  was  a  Landry. 

The  Le  Blancs  of  Tusket  Wedge  and  Pubnico  are  descended  from 


470  LE  BLANC. 

Pierre  Le  Bianc  ist  of  Church  Point,  Clare,  who  was  born  at  })';:es  m 
1711,  carried  to  Salem  in   1755  !  ^"^  about  1772  he  returned  with  his 

family  to  Clare,  where  he  died  in  1 799,  in  his  89th  year. 

\ 

Pierre  Le  Blanc  ist,  of  Churca  Point,  married  M arik  Madeleine^Babin,  and 
had  issue:  — 

Anselme,  m.  Genevieve  Amirault,  d.  Jacques  ist,  settled  at  Church  Point. 

Joseph,  m.  Marie  Amirault,  d.  Jacques  ist,  settled  at  Tusket  Wedge. 

Charles,  m.  Marie  Meian9on,  settled  at  Church  Point. 

Marie  (1746),  m.  Isidore  Amirault,  s.  Jacques  rst,  settled  at  Meteghan. 

Franfoise,  m.  Charles  Doucette,  settled  at  Church  Point. 

Marguerite,  m.  Joseph  Doucette,  settled  at  New  Edinburgh. 

Madeleine  (1753-1852),  m.  Charles  Marin  Belliveau,  settled  at  BelHveau's  Cove. 

Susanne,  m.  Joseph  Comeau,  settled  at  Saulnierville. 

Elisabeth,  m.  Sylvain  Pothier  ist,  s.  Dominique,  settled  at  Tusket  Wedge. 

Anne  (1767-1S42),  m.  Pierre  Comeau,  settled  at  Meteghan  River. 
Joseph   Le   Blanc  ist,  s.  Pierre  ist,  m.  Dec.  28,  1778,  Marie  Amirault,';  d- 

Jacques  ist. 

(I.  Marguerite  Belliveau,  d.  Isidore,  settled  at  Pubnico. 
Issue :   Joseph  2d,  m.  ]  ,   t,         . 

(  2.  Mane  D'Entremont,  d.  Benoni. 

Rosalie,  m.  Etienne  D'Entremont,  s.  Paul  ist,  settled  at  Pubnico. 

Marie,  m.  Joseph  Levi  D'Entremont,  s.  Paul  ist,  settled  at  Pubnico. 

Marguerite,  m.  Benjamin  D'Entremont,  s.  Paul  ist,  settled  at  Pubnico. 

Nathalie,  m.  Joseph  Josue  D'Entremont,  s.  Benoni,  settled  at  Pubnico. 

Anselme,  m.  Anne  D'Entremont,  d.  Cyrille,  settled  at  Tusket  Wedge. 

Frederic  (1790 '),  m.  Anne  D'Entremont,  d.  Benoni,  settled  at  Tusket  Wedge. 

Ursule,  m.  Sylvain  Pothier,  s.  Amand,  settled  at  Tusket  Wedge. 

Jeanne,  m.  Jean  D'Entremont,  s.  Benoni,  settled  at  Pubnico. 

Simon,  m.  Ursule  Boudreau,  d.  Amable,  settled  at  Tusket  Wedge. 

Benjamin,  m.  Euphroisine  Pothier,  d.  Amand,  settled  at  Tusket  Wedge.    - 

(i.  Marguerite  Belliveau,  d.  Isidore. 
Joseph  Le  Blanc  2d,  s.  Joseph  ist,  m.  I 

(  2.  Marie  D'Entremont,  d.  Benoni. 

Issue  :    Elisabeth,  m.  Ililaire  Amirault,  s.  Jean. 

Joseph  3d,  m.  Marie  Pothier,  d.  Cyrille  of  Eel  Lake. 

David,  m.  Marguerite  Pothier,  d.  Sylvain  of  Eel  Brook. 

Marie  Anne,  m.  Simon  J.  Amirault,  s.  Simon. 

Fran9oise,  m.  Louis  R.  Amirault,  s.  Louis. 

Louis,  m.  Gertrude  Pothier,  d.  Cyrille  of  Eel  Lake. 

Andre,  m.  Marie  Anne  Pothier,  d.  Joseph  Josue. 

Pierre,  m.  Marie  D'Entremont,  d.  Fran9ois,  a  Jacques. 

Philippe,  m.  Susanne  Amirault,  d.  George. 

Simon,  m.  Nathalie  Le  Blanc,  d.  Frederic.  -         ^ 

Marguerite,  m.  Marc  Amirault,  s.  Ange. 
-r—  1  Still  living.  -  -     - —  


APPEADIX  A.  .  471 

Anselme  Le  Hlanc,  s.  Joseph  ist,  m.  Anne  D'Entremont,  d.  Cyrilie. 
Issue:   Joseph,  m.  Rosalie  Fothier,  d.  Anselme. 
I.  Madeleine  Duon,  d.  Jean. 


Pierre,  m. ,      ^      ,.    ,^,_  ,   ,,     ,     , 

( 2.  Rosalie  D  Entremont,  d.  Paul  2d. 

Jean  B.,  m.  Charlotte  Marie  Amirault,  d.  Jean. 

Marc,  ni.  Rosalie  Amirault,  d.  Louis. 

Cyriaque,  m.  Stephanie  Pothier,  d.  Jean  B.  of  Chebec. 

Remi,  m.  Charlotte  Pothier,  d.  Charles  Amand. 

Madeleine,  m.  Romain  Pothier,  s.  Anselme. 

Marguerite,  m.  Luc  Boudreau,  s.  Dominique. 

Marie  Anne,  m.  Dominique  D.  Boudreau,  s.  Dominique. 

Dorothee,  m.  Fran9ois  Pothier,  s.  Seraphin. 

Leonice,  m.  Jean  B.  Pothier,  s.  Seraphin. 
Frederic  Le  Blanc,  s.  Joseph  ist,  m.  Anne  D'E.ntremont,  d.  Benoni. 
Issue :   Joseph,  m.  Fran^oise  Pothier,  d.  Anselme. 

Pierre,  m.  Madeleine  Pothier,  d.  Nicolas. 

Andre,  m.  Delphine  Pothier,  d.  Cyrilie  of  Chebec. 

Simon,  m.  Marguerite  D'Entremont,  d.  Jean. 

Jacques,  died  unmarried. 

Alexandre,  a  bachelor. 

Anselme,  died  unmarried. 

Marie,  m.  Jacques  Pothier,  s.  Nicholas. 

Marguerite,  died  unmarried. 

Rosalie,  m.  Pierre  Surette,  s.  Pierre  of  Chebec. 

Nathalie,  m.  Simon  Le  Blanc,  s.  Joseph  2d  of  Pubnico. 

Anne,  m.  Thelesphore  Pothier,  s.  Jean  B.  of  Chebec. 

Catherine,  m.  Matthieu  Cothereau,  s.  Jean  V. 

Madeleine,  not  married. 
There  were  21  children  in  this  family.     The  other  seven  died  young. 
Simon  Le  Blanc,  s.  Joseph  ist,  m.  Ursule  Boudreau,  d.  Amable. 
Issue  :   Etienne,  m.  Marguerite  Amirault,  d.  Louis. 

( I.  Madeleine  Surette,  d.  Pierre  of  Chebec. 

Anselme,  m. )       ,,        ,    ^    ,.        ,.-,,. 

( 2.  Hazaele  Pothier,  d.  Charles  Amand. 

Timothee,  m.  Rosalie  Surette,  d.  Prospere  of  Pinkney's  Point. 

Zacharie,  m.  Agnes  Pothier,  d.  Jean  B.  of  Chebec. 

Jean,  died  unmarried. 

Eulalie,  m.  Jeremie  H.  Pothier,  s.  Cyrilie  of  Chebec. 

,,     .  (I.  Comeau. 

Monique,  m.  J 

( 2.  Guillaume  Surette,  d.  Prospere  of  Pinkney's  Point. 

Benjamin  Le  Blanc,  s.  Joseph  ist,  m.  Euphroisine  Pothier,  d.  Amand. 

Issue  :    Sylvain,  m.  Elisabeth  Surette,  d.  Hippolyte  of  Surette's  Island. 

{ I.  Elisabeth  Pothier,  d.  Nicolas. 
Jean,  m.  ! 

(  2.  Nathalie  Surette,  d.  Pierre  of  Chebec.  ~ 


47-  BOUDREAU. 

Kknjamin  Le  Bl\nc,  continued. 

Marin,  m.  P'rancjoise  Boudreau,  d.  Doniiniciiie. 

(I.  Genevieve  Boudreau,  d.  Jean  H. 
Maximin,  m.  I 

(2.  Angelique  D  Entremont,  w.  Dominique  («(V  Duon). 

Mandt,  ni.  Rosalie  D'Entremont,  d.  Simon. 

Liboire,  m.  Elisabeth . 

Remi  V.,  m.  Elisabeth  ]!oudreau,  d.  Jean  B. 

Zacharie,  m.  Fran9oise  Pothier,  d.  Marc. 
Joseph  Le  Blanc,  s.  Frederic,  m.  Francoise  Pothier,  d.  Anselme. 
Issue  :   George,  died  unmarried,  aged  23. 

Francois  L.,  m.  Elisabeth  I'oth  er,  d.  Marc. 

Louis,  111.  Adelia  Agnes  Wanders,  d.  William  of   Boston. 

Frederic,  m.  Joanne  Burrage. 

Jacques  (1S63),  not  inar''-  '.     Hrlds  ship-master's  certificate. 

Melanie,  m.  Louis  Le  Blar  •,  s.  Joseph  3d  of  Pubnico. 

Madeleine,  111.  Edmond  Le  Blanc,  s.  Anselme,  a  Simon. 

Marguerite  Arite,  died,  aged  14. 

Michel  Boudreau  ist,  m.  Marguerite  Pothier,  d.  Dominique  ist. 

Issue  :    Amable,  m.  .Nfonique  Duon,  d.  Abel. 

I  I.  Genevieve  D'Entremont,  d.  Joseph  ist. 
Joseph,  m.  I 

(  2.  Marceline  Meiise,  d.  Benjamin. 

Dominique,  m.  Pelagie  Babin,  d.  Joseph  ist. 

Jean  B.,  m.  Ursule  Amirault,  d.  Jacques  2d. 

Charles,  m.  Veronique  Deveau,  d  Felix. 

Marie,  m.  Charles  Celestin  D'Entremont,  s.  Joseph  1st. 

Victoire,  m.  Paul  Duon,  s.  Abel. 

Veronique,  m.  Michel  Surette,  s.  Charles  Borrome  of  Surette's  Island. 

Genevieve,  m.  Pierre  Doucette,  s.  Jean  2d  of  Tusket  Wedge. 

Amaisle  Boudreau  (I'eveque),  s.  Michel,  m.  Monique  Duon,  d.  Abel. 

Issue:    Lucien,  m.  Mary  O'Niel  of  Barrington. 

I.  Genevieve  Amirault,  d.  Jacques  2d. 


Felix,  m. 

.2.  Genevieve  Surette,  d.  Joseph,  a  Jean  Louis. 

Joseph  2d,  m.  Rosalie  Richard,  d.  Antoine  i.si. 

Sylvain,  m.  Veronique  Richard,  d.  Antoine  1st. 

Marie,  m.  Antoine  Richard  2d,  s.  Antoine. 

Ursule,  m.  Simon  Le  Blanc,  s.  Joseph  ist. 

Madeleine,  m.  Matthias  Saulnier  of  Saulniervilie. 

I.  Charles  Melanij'oii  of  Clare. 


Euphroisine,  m. ,  ,     „     . 

(2.  Michel  Babm,  s.  Joseph  (Carino). 

(I.  Genevieve  D'Entremont,  d.  Joseph  ist 
Joseph  Boudreau,'  s.  Michel,  m.  J 

(2.  Marceline  Meuse,  d.  Benjamin. 

Issue:    Marie,  m.  Simon  Surette,  s.  Pierre  3d.    '    "■'"'      '      ^' 
_j^ .  '  Still  living  and  "  hearty  "  in  his  98th  year. 


.APPENDIX  K.  473 

Joseph  Bocdreau,  continued. 

Marguerite,  ni.  Paul  Surette,  s.  Jean  I.ouis. 
Elisabeth,  ni.  Jean  Duon,  s.  Augustin. 
Rosalie,  m.  Mathurin  Duon,  s.  Augustin. 
Monique,  m.  Mathurin  Comeau  of  Meteghiiii. 
By  2d  wife:  — 

Fabien,  ni.  Philomene  Tothereau,  d.  Jean  Fran(,ois. 
Marie  Anne,  ni.  Matthieu  Cothereau,  s.  Jean  Fran9ois. 
Madeleine,  m.  Retni  Surette,  s.  Pierre  of  Tusket  Wedge. 
Dominique  Boudreat,  s.  Michel,  m.  Pelagie  Pabin,  d.  Joseph  i:^:. 
Issue:  Mathurin,  m.  Gertrude  Amirault,  d.  Jean. 

Anselme,  ni.  Marguerite  Pothier,  d.  Sylvain,  a  .\mand. 
I.  Marguerite  Le  Blanc,  d.  Anselme. 


Marc,  m.  \ 


Luc,  m. 

Judithe  Le  Blanc  of  Salmon  River. 

Dominique  D.,  m.  Marie  Anne  Le  Blanc,  d.  Anselme. 

Catherine,  m.  Prc-pere  Surette,  s.  Jean  Louis. 

Fran9oise,  m   .Marin  Le  Blanc,  s.  iJenjamin. 

f  I.  Elisabeth  Poihier,  d.  Svlvain,  a  .\mand. 

Michel,  m.  >  2.  Elisabeth  Bourque,  d.  Jean  2d. 

1 3.  Venerante  Comeau  of  Meteghan. 

Jf.an  B.  Bocdreau,  s.  Michel,  m.  Ursui.e  Amirault,  d.  Jacques  2d. 

Issue :  Charles  M.,  m.  Rcsalie  Pothier,  d.  Sylvain,  a  Amand. 

(  I.  Vitaline  Mallet. 

.  2.  Nathalie  Cothereau,  d.  Adrien. 

Jacques,  m.  Marine  Pothier,  d.  Pierre  of  Tusket  Wedge. 

Onesiphore,  m.  Adesse  Pothier,  d.  Pierre  of  Tusket  Wedge. 

llonorine,  m.  Francois  Pothier,  s.  Sylvain,  a  Amand. 

Genevieve,  m.  Maximin  Le  Blanc,  s.  Benjamin. 

Catherine,  m.  Anselme  O.  Pothier,  s.  Cyrille. 

Elisabeth,  m.  Remi  V.  Le  Blanc,  s.  Benjamin. 

Madeleine,  m.  Sylvain  Surette,  s.  Cyrille  of  Chebec. 

Emilie,  m.  Severin  Pothier,  s.  Dominitjue  of  Chebec. 

Judithe,  m.  Alfred  C.  Nadeau  of  Magdalen  Islands. 

Charles  Boudreau,  s.  Michel,  m.  Veronique  Dkveau,  d.  Felix  of  Cape  Cove. 

Issue  :  Pierre  Luxime,  m.  Colombe  Mallet,  d.  Charles. 

I.  Joseph  Saulnier,  s.  Iliiaire. 


Genevieve,  m. 

( 2.  Volusien  Comeau,  s.  Marcelm. 

Elisabeth,  m.  Louis  Melan^on,  s.  Etienne. 

Cyrille,  m.  Madeleine  Comeau,  d.  Franijois. 

Timothee,  m.  Margaret  Tucker,  d.  Reuben  of  Gilbert's  Cove. 

Alexandre,  died  unmarried,  aged  24  years. 

Charlotte,  m.  Severin  Le  Blanc,  s.  Franyois. 


474  CORPORON. 


Charles  Boudreau,  continued. 

( I.  Prospere  Deveau,  s.  Gabriel. 
Rosalie,  m.  J 

(  2.  Etienne  Mallet,  s.  Jovite. 

Leon,  m.  Chantalle  Mallet,  d.  Joseph. 

Charles,  in.  Marie  Deveau,  d.  Alexandre. 


EUSTACHE  CORPORON,  PlERRE   RoiMCHEAU,  and    PlERRE    ReN.\R1>,  WOrC 

among  the  first  settlers  of  Chebec,  now  better  known  as  Tusket  Wedge. 
Je.\n  Cothereau,  Antoine  Richard,  and  Jacques  De  Villiers  who 
fought  under  Napoleon  Bonaparte,  were  later  accessions.  Jean 
Doucette,  brother  of  Michel  Doucette  ist,  was  also  one  of  the  first 
settlers  of  Chebec,  where  his  descendants  remain,  and  the  record  of 
his  family  will  be  found  enrolled  with  the  Doucettes  of  the  Eel-Brook 
District. 

Ejstache  Corporon  married  Angelique  Brigeaud. 
Issuo :  Joseph. 

Abraham,  m.  Marie  Doucette,  d.  Charles  ist. 

Marguerite,  m.  Victor  Frontain,  s.  Alexandre. 

Marie  Josephte. 
Abraham  Corporon,  s.  Eustache,  m.  Marie  DoucErrE,  d.  Charles  ist. 
Issue  :  Eustache,  Pierre,  died  unmarried. 

Simon,  m.  Marie  Legere. 

Abraham  2d,  m.  Marie  An.ie  Meuse,  d.  Joseph  2d. 

Alexis,  Esther,  Anne,  Phillice,  died  unmarried. 

Euphroi;ine,  married  in  Clare. 

Madeleine,  m.  Benjamin  Bertrand,  s.  Jean. 

Marie  Anne,  m.  George  Aleuse,  s.  Benjamin. 

Elisabeth,  m.  Gabriel  Meuse,  s.  Anselme,  a  Benja-nin. 
Simon  Corporon,  s.  Abraham  ist,  m.  Marie  Legere. 


fr.  Ba.thilde  Bertrand,  d.  Benjamin. 


Issue  :  Mathurin,  m.  ■{  2.  \'arguerite  Meuse,  d.  Dominique,  a  Paul. 
L3.  Frontain,  d.  Joseph. 

Marie  Elisabeth,  m.  Pierre  Frontain,  s.  Victor. 

C^rille,  drowned,  aged  24. 

Catherine,  m.  Stillman  Meuse,  s.  Dominique,  a  Paul. 

Esther,  not  married. 

Vitaline,  died  in  infancy. 

Vitaline,  m.  Gabriel  Robicheau  of  Salmon  River. 

Pierre,  went  to  sea.    Not  lately  heard  from. 
—  Gabriel,  m.  Henriette  Moulaison,  d.  Guillaume.  ^ ^^^  - 


APPEXDIX  K.  475 

Simon  Corporu.n,  continue  J. 

,,  ,       .,  (I.  Alexis  liertrand,  s.  Benjamin. 

Oenevieve,  ni.  I 

(  2.  of  Clare. 

Denis,  died  in  childhood. 

Archange,  drowned,  aged  22. 

Pierre  Roiiicheau  ist,  m.  Rosalie . 

Issue:  Eleazar,  m.  Osithe  Doucette,  d.  Charles  ist. 

Honore,  m.  Marguerite  Doucette,  d.  Charles  ist. 

Pierre  2d,  m.  Marie  Thibault. 

Marie,  m.  Michel  Doucetf,  s.  Jean  2d  of  Chcbec. 

Siisanne,  m.  John  Fitzgerald. 

Agnes,  ni.  Andrew  Morrisey. 

Marguerite,  m.  Jean  Meuse  2d,  s.  Jean  Pierre. 

Honors  Robicheau,  s.  Pierre  ist,  m.  Marguerite  Doucette,  d.  Charles  ist. 

Issue  :  Catherine,  m.  Ange  Doucette,  s.  Pierre  ist  of  Chcbec. 

Marie,  in.  Pierre  Doucette,  s.  I'ierre  ist  of  Chebec 

Genev'     e,  m.  Jean  B.  De  Villiers,  s.  Jacques. 

Pierre  Renard,  m. 

Issue:  Rosalie,  m.  Isidore  Doucette  of  Passe-de-Pre. 

Marie,  ni.  Jean  Cothereau  ist  of  Chebec. 

Pierre,  aied  unmarried. 

Jacques  De  Villiers,  m.  Seraphie  I.e  Blanc,  d.  Honore. 

^  ,,  .  fi.  Germain  Doucette,  s.  Paul. 

Issue  :  Marguerite,  in.  \ 

\2.  Andre  Surette,  s.  F'ierre  3d. 

_        „  f  I.  Genevieve  Robicheau,  d.  Hon*  re. 

Jean  B.,  m.  \ 

(.2.  Jeanne  Richard,  w.  Antoine  2d. 

Frangois  Sylvain,  m.  Mathilde  Doucette,  d.  Sylvain  ist. 

Honore,  m.  Genevieve  Doucette,  d.  Sylvain  ist. 

Alexandre,  m.  Jane  Newell,  d.  Robert. 

Gcrvais,  m.  Elisabeth  Jacquard,  d.  Sylvestre. 

Sophique,  m.  Athanasius  Fitzgerald,  s.  John. 

Marie  Anne,  m.  Peter  Fitzgerald,  s.  John. 

V'italine,  m,  Alexis  Meuse,  s.  Gregoire. 

Jean  Cothereau  ist,  m.  Marie  Renard,  d.  Pierre. 

Issue;  Charles,  m.  Frangoise  Richard,  d.  Antoine  ist. 

Pierre,  m.  Marguerite  Richard,  d.  Antoine  ist. 

Vincent,  m.  Marie  Jeanne  Surette,  d.  PVederic  of  Eel  Brook. 

^,  fi.  Madeleine  Le  Blanc,  d.  Jean,  a  Amand. 

Thomas,  m.  \ 

12.  Catherine  Doucette,  d.  Pierre  ist  of  Chebec. 

Jerome,  m.  Fran9oise  Doucette,  d.  Michel  ist  of  Chebec. 

Adrien,  m.  Mathilde  Richard,  d.  Magloire. 

Isidore,  a  bachelor.  / 

Rosalie,  m.  Sylvain  Doucette  ist  of  Chebec,  s.  Jean  2d. 

Marie,  not  married. 


4/6  CO  THE  RE  A  U.  —  RICH  A  RD. 

Jean  Cothkrkau,  iontinueJ. 

Jean  Fran(,-ois,  i.i.  Marie  Richard,  d.  Antoine  ist. 

Elisabeth,  m.  Ignace  Doucette.  s.  Pierre  1st  of  Chebec. 

Henriette,  m.  Celestin  Doucette,  s.  I'ierre  ist  of  Chebec. 
Antoink  RtcHARD  1st.  m.  Cecii-K  noucETFE,  d.  Jean  2d  of  Chebec. 
Issue  :  Charles,  m.  Marie  R'obicheau  of  Clare. 

Magloire,  m.  Marie  Le  Blanc,  d.  J"an,  a  Amand. 

Franyoise,  m.  Charles  Coihereau,  s.  Jean  ist. 

Marguerite,  \\\.  Pierre  Cothereau,  s.  Jean  ist. 

Marie,  m.  Jean  Franijois  Cothereau,  s.  Jean  ist. 

Veronique,  m.  Sylvain  Houdreau,  s.  Amablc. 

Rosalie,  m.  Joseph  Boudreau,  s.  Amable. 

fi.  Marie  Boudreau,  d.  Amable. 
I 

I  2.  Adelaide  Comeau  of  Clare. 
Antoine  2d,  m.^ 

I  3.  Marguerite  Surette,  d.  Pierre  of  Chebec. 

[4.  Jeanne  Surette,  d.  Joseph  of  Eel  Bro(jk. 

Charles  Richard,  s.  Antoine  ist,  m.  Marie  Roricheau. 

Issue:  Stephanie,  m.  Fran(,ois  Doucette,  s.  Sylvain  ist. 

Marguerite,  m.  Urbain  Babin,  s.  Hippolyte. 

Philomene,  ni.  Jerome  Doucette,  s.  Sylvain  ist. 

f  I.  Vitaline  Pothier,  d.  Cyrille,  a  Amand. 

Joseph,  m.  -i  2.  Judithe  Surette,  d.  Raphael. 

1 3.  Martine  Doucette,  w. 

Mathurin,  Cyrien,  Magloire,  drowned. 

Ma(;lo!re  Richard,  s.  Antoine  ist,  m.  Marie  Le  Blanc,  d.  Jean  of  Tusket  Hill. 

Issue:  Jacques,  m.  Francoise  Cothereau.  <!   Vincent. 

Vital,  m.  Genevieve  Cothereau,  d.  '.  rcer' 

fi.  Monique  Boudreau,  d.  Lucier. 
Hilaire.  m.   <* 

[2.  Caroline  Cothereau,  w.  Vmcent  2d. 

Mathilde,  m.  y^drien  Cothereau,  s.  Jean  ist. 

Madeleine,  m.  Marc  Cothereau,  s.  Vincent. 

1.  Marie  Bouni  eau,  d.  Amable. 

2.  Adelaide  Comeau  of  Clare. 

3.  Marguerite    Surette,    d.    Pierre     of 
Chebec. 

.4.  Jeanne  Surette,  d.  Joseph  of  Eel  Erook. 
Issue  :  Ambroise/m.  Philomene  Comeau  of  Clare. 
Madeleine,  m.  Etienne  Thibeaudeau. 
Franij'oise,  m.  John  Ward. 
Marguerite,  m.  Jean  Amirault 
.    Elisabeth,  m.  Michael  A.  Fitzgerald,  s.  John. 
—    Mande,  m.  Madeleine  Boudreau,  w.  Zacha.ie.  -^ 

Etienne,  not  married. 


Antoine  Richard  2d,  s.  Antoine,  m. , 


APPENDIX    L. 

(See  fage  121.) 

THE    REV.   ABBE   JEAN    MANDE    SIGOGNE 

was  born  at  Tours,  France,  in  1 760.  In  the  early  years  of  the  French 
Revolution  of  1 789,  his  father  being  at  the  time  mayor  of  the  city  of 
Lyons,  he  went  to  London,  where  he  remained  several  years  engaged 
in  acquiring  a  knowlec'ge  of  the  English  language  and  literature.  Hav- 
ing become  familiar  wivh  the  history  and  condition  of  the  Acadians  in 
the  western  part  of  Neva  Scotia,  he  came  here  in  1797,  and  assumed 
the  charge  of  seven  p.irishes  extending  from  Annapolis  to  Pubnico. 
He  was  devotedly  attached  to  the  Acadians ;  and  by  the  Indians,  whom 
he  learned  to  address  in  their  own  language,  he  was  venerated  as  a 
true  ambassador  from  the  Great  Spirit. 

A  man  of  liberal  mind  and  genial  manner,  a  faithful  priest,  a  trusted 
counsellor,  a  steadfast  friend,  the  Abb^  Sigogne  was  beloved  by  Protes- 
tants and  Catholics  alike.  He  died  on  Nov.  9,  1844,  in  his  eighty-fifth 
year ;  and  he  met  his  last  fatal  illness  while  conducting  services  in  the 
chapel  at  Church  Point,  Clare. 

The  following  correspondence  illustrates  the  benevolence  of  his  dis- 
position as  well  as  the  geniality  of  his  intercourse  with  the  clergy  and 
laity  not  of  his  own  church ;  and  it  may  not  be  out  of  place  here  to  say 
that  Mr.  Alexander  Lawson  still  publishes  "  The  Yarmouth  Herald  "  with 
the  same  rare  judgment  that  enabled  him  to  spread  these  letters  before 
its  patrons  or  that  Christmas  morning  of  1835. 

\From  The  Yarmouth  Herald,  Dec.  25,  1835.] 

( 
To  the  Rev'd  Abb6  Sigogne,  Catholic  Missionary : 

Rev'd  Sir:  —  At  a  convention  of  Delegates  held  at  Argyle  on  Wednesday,  the 
7th  Octr.,  many  of  whom  appeared  in  behalf  of  the  several  Societies  they  repre- 
sented, forming  what  is  called  the  Shelburne  Count)  Temperance  Convention,  for 


478  THE  ABBE  SIGOGXE. 

the  suppression  of  intemperance,  Abraham  Lent  Esqre.  in  the  Chair,  it  was  moved 
and  passed  unanimously  that  a  respectful  address  be  presented  to  you.  Reverend 
Sir,  and  through  your  instrumentality  to  our  esteemed  neighbours  the  Acadians, 
soliciting  your  and  their  cordial  co-operation  in  this  benevolent  Institution. 

It  is  with  all  due  respect  and  delicacy,  Reverend  Sir,  we  make  this  suggestion, 
but  having  been  informed  of  your  favourable  disposition  to  the  Temperance  cause, 
which  unites  people  of  all  religious  creeds  in  this  now  almost  universal  work  of 
philanthropy,  and  having  seen  a  disposition  in  some  of  our  Acadian  friends  to 
advance  it,  we  venture  to  make  this  application  to  you  as  their  Missionary  in  this 
vicinity,  merely  asking  your  recognition  and  recommendation  of  it  among  those 
over  whom  you  preside,  that  they  may  be  induced  to  unite  with  us  in  the  great  work 
of  moral  reformation  which  has  no  particular  reference  to  language,  country,  sect, 
or  religion. 

We  have  the  honour  to  be.  Reverend  Sir, 

Vour  obedient  servants, 

John  Fox. 
William  Burton. 
John  Bennisov. 

On  behalf  of  the  ConimitUe. 
Akgyle,  Xovr.  5lh,  1835. 

To  the  Committee  of  the  Shelburne  Temperance  Convention. 

Gentlemen:  —  You  thought  right  by  numbering  me  among  the  friends  of  the 
Temperance  cause.  I  consider  it  a  duty  and  an  honour  to  be  one.  I  thank  you 
kindly  for  the  concern  you  take  in  that  respect  for  those  you  call  in  your  polite  and 
estimable  address,  your  esteemed  neighbours,  the  Acadians.  I  will  not  fail  to  let 
them  know  those  liberal  sentiments  of  yours  toward  them.  You  will  pardon  me 
to  remark  that  it  is  a  delicate  point  forme  to  interfere;  the  religious  difference  is 
in  the  way.  I  gratefully  acknowledge  your  professed  liberality.  I,  with  a  particular 
pleasure  and  gratitude,  remember  the  many  proofs  of  attention  and  esteem  I  have 
received  from  the  English  people  since  I  am  in  the  country.  Your  esteemed 
address  is  for  me  a  confirmation  of  that. 

May  I  be  permitted  to  offer  my  respectful  thanks  for  those  favours .''  Take  no 
offence,  if  you  please,  against  me,  if  I  mention  the  late  events  at  Boston  and 
CharlestoWi  against  the  Papists,  so  called,  are  well  known  among  all  ranks  of 
Catholics,  and  do  not,  I  am  sorry  to  say,  operate  friendly.  Besides,  our  people 
here  move  in  a  circle  in  which  there  are  many  scoffers,  casting  bitter  and  offensive 
reflections  against  the  persons  and  the  manners  of  the  Catholics,  as  well  as  against 
their  religion  which  they  know  not. 

These  things  do  promote  diffidence  and  reserve  ;  even  in  some,  provoke  aversion 
and  disgust ;  do  act  strongly  on  susceptible  and  weak  minds.    This,  I  observe,  not 


appEaXDix  l.  479 

by  way  of  complaint  nor  reproof.  It  is  the  work  of  ill-minded  folk,  not  of  any 
person  of  sense,  but  the  grievance  is  no  less  real.  By  these  observations  I  only 
mean  to  expose  before  you.  Gentlemen,  a  fact  as  it  is  in  itself,  and  for  that  even 
I  beg  your  indulgence.  I  have  a  firm  hope  that  *!.?  liberality  of  the  day  shall 
extend  itself  to  the  very  lowest  ranks.  These  religious  feuJs  will  cease,  though 
prejudices  cannot  wear  away  in  a  day. 

1  have  never  blamed  any  one  of  the  Acadians  for  having  joined  the  Society,  nor 
will  I  do  so.  I  have  even  exhorted  those  who  had  joined  to  stand  true  to  their 
engagements,  and  behave  as  men  faithful  to  their  word,  I  have  also  to  rejoice  and 
to  congratulate  the  .Society  in  seeing  many  who  have  refrained  from  intemjierance, 
induced  by  the  good  example  of  their  temperate  neighbours.  .Sincerely,  I  consider 
this  as  a  good  and  commendable  effect  of  the  Temperance  Societies. 

I  have  the  honor  to  be,  with  esteem  and  respect,  gentlemen, 

Vour  obedient  and  humble  servant, 

ABBfi    SIGOGNE. 

Not  the  least  meritorious  among  the  many  good  deeds  of  the  Abb6 
Sigogne  was  the  pains  he  took  to  educate  some  youthful  members  of  his 
flock.  One  of  these  was  Louis  Q.  Jjounjue,  grandson  of  Jean  Bourque 
I  St  of  Eel  Brook,  who  was  placed  with  the  .Vbbc  Sigogne  when  in  his 
fourth  j'ear,  and  remained  with  him  for  sixteen  years.  Mr.  Bourque 
married  a  sister  of  the  Hon.  Anselme  F.  Comeau,  and  settled  in  Clare, 
where  he  has  filled  many  important  public  ofifices,  and  among  them 
those  of  land  surveyor  and  justice  of  the  peace.  For  twenty  years  he 
was  clerk  of  the  board  of  school  commissioners  ;  and  from  1836,  when 
Clare  was  made  a  sessional  district,  until  1879,  when  the  court  of 
sessions  was  abolished  by  the  Act  for  County  Incorporation,  he  filled 
the  office  of  clerk  of  the  peace.  In  an  obituary  notice  from  the  pen 
of  Mr.  Bourque,  in  December,  1844,  the  following  passages  occur :  — 

"  Devoted  to  letters  and  religion  from  his  earliest  youth,  his  progress 
was  rapid  and  his  piety  conspicuous.  The  talents  of  the  Rev.  Abbe 
Sigogne  were  of  the  highest  order.  In  him  were  united  a  sound  under- 
standing, a  rich  and  'vigorous  imagination,  and  a  logical  precision  of 
thought.  His  learning  was  extensive  and  profound.  He  had  learned 
divinity  as  a  scholar,  taught  it  as  a  professor,  and  diffused  it  as  a  faithful 
pastor. 

"  The  Revolution  which  had  dethroned  his  beloved  monarch  and 


480  THE  ABBE  GO  (/DOT. 

stained  the  altar  of  his  God  with  the  blood  of  holy  men,  drove  the  Rev. 
Abb6  Sigogne  an  exile  from  his  native  shores.  He  fled  to  England, 
where  he  remained  two  years ;  and  from  there  he  retired  to  this  peace- 
able and  secluded  settlement  of  Clare,  where  he  has  resided  about  forty- 
five  years. 

"  This  excellent  curate  was  the  priest  and  comforter,  the  lawyer  and 
judge,  of  all  the  Acadians  of  Clare  and  Argyle.  As  their  lawyer,  or 
rather  as  their  notary,  he  kept  their  records,  and  wrote  their  deeds  and 
contracts  ;  while  his  opinion  as  their  judge,  his  advice  as  their  priest  or 
father,  convinced  his  flock  of  the  evil  of  dissension  and  strife.  The 
venerable  abbe  spoke  the  Indian  language  fluently,  and  the  Micmacs 
regarded  him  with  the  utmost  veneration.  All  looked  to  him  for 
comfort  in  their  afflictions,  advice  in  their  mutual  difficulties,  and  for  the 
settlement  of  their  little  disputes. 

"  The  reverend  abbe  loved  his  native  country,  and  always  expressed 
the  deepest  interest  in  her  fortunes.  He  spoke  of  England  as  a  great 
nation  which  contained  much  to  admire  and  imitate ;  and  his  gratitude 
kindled  at  the  remembrance  of  British  generosity  and  munificence  to 
the  exiled  priest  of  a  hostile  nation  of  a  different  religious  creed. 

"  Far  from  the  sepulchre  of  his  fathers,  repose  the  ashes  of  the 
good  Abbt^  Sigogne  ;  yet  his  grave  is  not  as  among  strangers,  for  it  was 
watered  by  the  tears  of  an  affectionate  flock ;  and  his  memory  will  be 
forever  cherished  by  all  who  value  learning,  honor  genius,  or  love 
devotion." 

THE    REV.    ABBE    JOSEPH     GOUDOT. 

.\  very  worthy  successor  to  the  Abb6  Sigogne  in  the  care  of  the 
Acadian  parishes  of  Argyle  was  the  Abb^  Joseph  Goudot,  who  came 
there  from  France  in  1839,  accompanied  by  Father  Vincent,  who  after- 
ward established  the  monastery  and  convent  at  Tracadie.  From  1839 
to  1859,  excepting  an  interval  of  two  years,  the  Abb6  Goudot  lived  at 
Eel  Brook.  For  about  fourteen  years  he  had  the  care  of  the  parishes 
of  Ste.  Anne  and  St.  Pierre,  and  for  six  years  or  more  during  the  same 
period,  of  that  also  of  St.  Michel ;  the  chapel  at  Pubnico  on  the  one 
side  being  distant  from  his  residence  at  Eel  Brook  about  eighteen  miles, 
and  that  of  Tusket  Wedge  on  the  other  side  thirteen  miles  distant. 


APPENDIX  L.  481 

In  the  winter  of  1844- 1845  the  Abbd  Goudot  had  also  under  his 
charge  at  Eel  Brook  for  instruction  in  the  French  language,  four  Yar- 
mouth boys,  Alexander  S.  Murray,  John  W.  Moody,  George  S.  Brown, 
and  Charles  E.  Brown,  who  may  yet  sometimes  be  heard  recounting 
pleasant  reminiscences  of  the  good-natured  sociality  which  Father 
Goudot  mip- led  with  his  French  lessons;  for  at  that  time  he  was  not 
much  more  familiar  with  the  English  language  than  the  boys  were  with 
thv.   A  "ench. 

in  1857,  when  in  his  seventy-fifth  year,  the  Abb6  Goudot  was  sent  to^ 
the  Parish  of  Descouse,  in  the  Township  of  Arichat,  Cape  Breton,  where- 
he  remained  about  two  years.  In  1859  he  returned  to  his  old  home 
at  Eel  Brook  to  exchange  farewells  with  his  people  in  Argyle,  by  whom 
he  was  much  and  deservedly  beloved ;  and  during  the  same  year  he 
retired  to  the  monastery  at  Tracadie,  where,  in  i860,  he  died  in  his 
seventy-eighth  year. — Reqiiiescat  in  Pace. 


APPENDIX   M. 

{See  page  156.) 

OBITUARY. 

{Prom   The  Yarmouth  Herald  of   Sept.  15,  1886.] 

On  Tuesday  evening,  Sept.  7,  1886,  there  passed  away  from  this 
world  to  a  brighter  one,  Simon  D'Entremont,  Esq.,  of  Pubnico,  at  the 
ripe  age  of  ahnost  98  years.  He  was,  no  doubt,  the  oldest  Acadian  in 
the  Dominion  of  Canada.  He  was  born  twenty  years  after  the  second 
settlement  of  Pubnico,  the  28th  October,  1 788,  at  West  Pubnico,  near 
the  chapel,  in  his  father's  house,  which  to-day  stands  as  good  as  ever, 
and  is  occupied  by  Joseph  Vincent,  his  only  living  brother,  who  is  87 
years  old.  In  an  interview  with  Squire  Simon,  your  correspondent 
learned  that  he  could  remember  the  time  when  there  were  90  souls  and 
13  houses  in  Pubnico  Harbor.  His  father,  whose  name  was  Benoni, 
with  his  two  brothers  and  other  exiled  Acadians,  sailed  from  Boston  in 
the  fall  of  1 768,  and  to  whom  the  settlements  of  Pubnico,  Eel  Brook, 
and  every  other  French,  and  some  English,  are  due.  He  was  one  of 
the  smartest  men  of  his  time.  He  was  the  first  French  magistrate  in 
Nova  Scotia.  He  had  six  sons.  Squire  Simon,  his  second,  was  the 
second  French  magistrate,  the  first  French  member  of  the  House  of 
Assembly,  a  position  he  occupied  between  1836  and  1840;  and  he  was 
the  first  French  collector  of  customs  in  Nova  Scotia.  In  his  childhood 
there  was  no  such  thing  as  schools,  so  his  schooling  was  very  scant :  but 
before  he  died,  he  could  speak  and  read  French,  English,  Latin,  and 
Indian,  having  learned  all  these  without  a  teacher.  He  could  say  "  Our 
Father  "  by  heart  in  the  four  mentioned  languages.  He  it  was  who 
obtained  the  abolition  of  what  was  called  the  "  Big  Oath,"  and  which 
can  be  found  in  the  third  volume  of  "Burn's  Justice,"  at  p.  21,  a  book 


APPENDIX  M\  483 

published  in  1 788,  in  the  reign  of  King  George  III.  Three  genera- 
tions followed  him  to  the  grave.  He  was  married  twice,  and  was  the 
father  of  18  children,  12  of  whom  are  living.  He  leaves  a  widow,  12 
children,  and  about  140  grandchildren  and  great-grandchildren.  He 
died  as  he  lived,  a  Christian.     May  he  rest  in  peace  ! 


APPENDIX   N. 

(See  page  1 56.) 

LOUIS    A,     SURETTE, 

now  of  Concord,  Mass.,  sixth  son  of  Athanase  and  Louise  Surette,  was 
born  Dec.  29,  18 18,  his  mother  having  been  a  lineal  descendant  of 
Gov.  Charles  de  La  Tour,  the  former  partial  owner  of  Acadia,  whose 
daughter  Anne  married  Jacques  D'Entremont.  At  the  age  of  seven  he 
was  placed  in  charge  of  the  Rev.  Abb6  Sigogne,  under  whose  instruc- 
tion he  remained  twelve  years. 

In  March,  1841,  he  went  to  Boston,  and  secured  a  situation  as  clerk 
with  Messrs.  Ladd  &  Hall,  which  he  retained  fiv  years ;  and  in  March, 
1846,  he  engaged  in  business  in  Boston  on  his  own  account,  which  he 
continued  for  twenty-seven  years,  and  during  this  period  a  number  of 
vessels  were  built  for  him  in  Yarmouth  County. 

In  May,  1849,  Mr.  Surette  married  Frances  Jane,  daughter  of  Hon. 
Daniel  Shattuck,  President  of  Concord  Bank,  of  Concord,  where  he  has 
since  resided.  Of  their  family  of  eleven  children,  five  died  young ;  the 
others  are,  — 

Louis  D'Entremont,  m.  Alice  May,  d.  George  Hunt,  banker,  Boston. 

Daniel  La  Tour,  m.  Addie  Maria,  d.  Edmund  Stanley  Hallett,  Marlborough, 

Mass. 
Charles  D'Aubre,  not  married. 

Thomas  Whitney,  not  married,     Organized  Chora)  Club  of  Concord. 
Sara  Elizabeth,  m.  Charles   Fremont    Hopkins  of  New  York.     Residence, 

River  Edge,  Bergen  County,  New  Jersey. 
Edouard  Maynard,  not  married.     Organist  Episcopal  Church,  Concord. 

From  1 85 1  to  1858,  and  from  1863  to  1867,  Louis  A.  Surette  was 
Worshipful  Master  of  "  Corinthian  Lodge  "  of  Concord  (founded  in 
1797)  ;  his  administration  during  the  former  period  showing,  with  a 
single  exception,  more  initiates  than  that  of  either  of  his  predecessors.  :  1 


APPENDIX  N.  485 

In  1859  Mr.  Surette  published  the  "History  of  Corinthian  Lodge," 
an  interesting  volume  of  190  pages,  err  bracing  the  biography  of  twenty- 
three  past-masters,  and  a  historical  sketch  of  Masonry.  The  book  was 
received  with  many  complimentary  notices  from  tne  press  of  Boston 
and  other  places.  "The  Masonic  Journal"  of  Sept.  15,  1859  pub- 
lished at  Haverhill,  Mass.,  has  this  notice :  '  The  best  arranged  and 
most  complete  history  of  a  lodge  we  have  ever  met  with  is  that  just 
issued  by  Bro.  Louis  A.  Surette  of  Concord,  Mass.,  and  "devoted  to  the 
history  of  Corinthian  Lodge."  After  giving  a  synopsis  of  the  contents 
of  the  volume,  the  article  says,  "  We  can  hardly  realize  that  the  author 
has  found  time  and  patience  to  collect  and  arrange  this  mass  of  material, 
while  daily  occupied  with  the  cares  of  a  large  commercial  business. 
The  work  is  certainly  a  credit  to  his  head,  heart,  and  industry.  If  any 
of  our  readers  contemplate  compiling  a  similar  work,  we  recommend 
the  one  before  us  as  a  model  for  a  lodge  history." 

In  1 86 1  Mr.  Surette  was  honored  with  a  membership  in  the  New- 
England  Historic-Genealogical  Society,  and  in  1868  with  a  life  mem- 
bership in  the  Massachusetts  Horticuku'al  Society.  He  has  held  the 
highest  offices  in  the  gift  of  historic  Concord.  For  three  years  he  was 
chairman  of  selectmen,  and  he  was  chairman  of  the  school  committee 
also  for  three  years.  For  eleven  years  he  was  curator  and  president  of 
the  Concord  Lyceum,  one  of  the  earliest  institutions  of  the  kind  in  the 
United  St&<^es,  and  which,  in  1879,  celebrated  its  fiftieth  anniversary, — 
"  an  institution  conducted  in  the  most  catholic  spirit,  where  every  shade 
of  opinion  has  been  presented  and  respectfully  entertained ; "  and 
whose  roll  of  lecturers  ranges  from  Dr.  Brownson  to  Theodore  Parker, 
from  Ralph  Waldo  Emerson  to  Horace  Greeley,  and  bears  such  other 
honored  names  as  those  of  Wendell  Phillips,  Louis  Agassiz,  and  Oliver 
Wendell  Holmes. 

"  When  specie  payments  were  suspended,  on  the  breaking  out  of 
the  rebellion,  and  small  change  was  driven  out  of  the  channels  of  trade, 
our  Association,  under  the  management  of  Mr.  Louis  A.  Surette,  then 
president  and  curator,  came  to  the  assistance  of  the  suffering  com- 
munity, and  assumed  the  function  of  issuing  paper  money." 

So  said  the  orator  at  the  celebration  of  the  fiftieth  anniversary. 
S<;rip  of  the  Lyceum,  in  denominations  from  five  to  fifty  cents,  and 


486  LOUIS  A.  SURETTE. 

bearing  the  artistic  an  .  well-known  signature  of  Louis  A.  Surette,  was 
issued  to  the  amount  of  $1,450,  the  primary  object  being  to  facilitate 
the  making  of  change  at  the  door  on  the  evenings  of  the  Lyceum 
lectures ;  but  the  paper  passed  freely  at  the  banks  and  in  the  business 
transactions  of  Concord  and  other  towns,  until  the  Government  came 
forward  with  its  fractional  paper  currency,  when  the  Lyceum  scrip  was 
withdrawn. 

Mr.  Surette  has  enjoyed  an  extensive  acquaintance  with  the  descend- 
ants of  the  Acadian  faijilies  who  returned  to  Nova  Scotia  about  the 
year  1766,  and  settled  in  Clare  and  Argyle ;  and  the  reader  is  largely 
indebted  to  his  industry  and  researches,  aided  by  those  of  his  kinsmen, 

—  Michel  Surette  of  Eel  Brook,  and  Henri  L.  D'Entremont  of  Pubnico, 

—  for  the  notes  in  this  volume  on  the  Acadian  families  of  Argyle. 
Among  other  ancient  family  relics,  Mr.  Surette  has  the  original  of 

a  fdssport,   issued   at   Quebec    by  the    French   governor,  on    Sept.  2, 
1748,  to  enable  his  great-grandfather,  Jacques   D'Entremont   2d,  to  go 
in  his  vessel  from  Pubnico  to  I'lsle  Royale  (Cape  Breton). 
The  following  is  a  copy  :  — 

RoUand  Michel  Barrin  Chev.  Marquis  de  La  Galissoniere,  Chevalier  de 
L'Ordre  Royal  et  Militaire  de  St.  Louis;  Capitaine  des  vaisseaux  du  Roy,  Com- 
mandant General  pour  Sa  Majeste  dans  toutte  la  Nouvelle  France,  Terres  et  pais 
de  La  Louisianne. 

II  Est  permis  au  S.  Jacques  D'Antremont  cy  devant  habitant  de  L'Accady,  de 
se  retirer  avec  sa  Famille,  ses  Effets,  et  un  Batiment,  sur  les  terres  de  L'Isle 
Royale,  ou  autres  de  la  Domination  fran9aise ;  Prions  et  requerons  tous  ceux  qui 
sont  a  prier  de  le  laisser  libremer  t  passer  pour  se  rendre  aux  etablissements  sans 
luy  faire  aucun  trouble  ny  empechement.  Ordonnons  a  tous  ceux  qui  sont  de  notre 
Commandement  de  luy  donner  tous  les  secours  et  assistances  dont  il  aura  besoin. 

A  Quebec,  le  2,  ybre,  1748. 

La  Galissoniere 

Par   MONSEIGNEUR 

PiMAMET. 


APPENDIX   O. 

(See  page  185.) 
BISHOP    PERRY'S    VISIT. 

Among  Yarmouth's  summer  visitors  during  the  season  of  1886 
was  the  Right  Reverend  William  Stevens  Perry,  Bishop  of  Iowa,  the 
distinguished  Historian  of  the  American  Episcopal  Church,  who  occu- 
pied the  pulpit  of  Trinity  Church  on  the  morning  and  evening  of 
Sunday,  July  1 1  ;  and  it  is  said,  that,  while  winning  waverers  to  his 
doctrines,  he  won  some  hearts  to  himself.  On  his  return  home 
he  conveyed  to  his  flock,  through  the  columns  of  "  The  Davenport 
Democrat,"  his  impressions  of  this  part  of  "the  Acadian  country;" 
and  he  told  them  in  his  pleasant  way  that  "  it  was  only  after  years  that 
these  dispossessed  settlers  of  Acadie,  some  of  them  closely  connected 
with  the  French  noblesse,  singly  and  after  long  intervals  found  their  way 
back,  so  that  to-day  in  numerous  settlements  not  far  from  the  '  Cloven 
Cape,'  and  the  beautiful  town  of  Yarmouth,  the  words  of  Longfellow 
are  true,  — 

"  *  Only  along  the  s'.^  re  of  the  mournful  and  misty  Atlantic  linger  a 
few  Acadian  peasants,  whose  fathers  from  exile  wandered  back  to  their 
native  land  to  die  in  its  bosom.  In  the  fisherman's  cot  the  wheel  and 
the  loom  are  still  busy ;  maidens  still  wear  their  Norman  caps  and  their 
kirtles  of  homespun,  and  by  the  evening  fire  repeat  Evangeline's  story, 
while  from  its  rocky  caverns  the  deep-voiced,  neighboring  ocean  speaks, 
and  in  accents  disconsolate  answers  the  wail  of  the  forest.' 

"  We  saw  the  '  kirtles  '  and  the  '  caps.'  We  heard  the  soft,  sweet 
language  of  Evangeline.  The  pretty  faces  and  sparkling  eyes,  the  lithe 
figures  and  brilliant  complexions,  told  of  their  Norman  origin ;  and  their 
presence  on  the  '  Western  Counties '  train  and  at  the  stations,  by  the 
roadside,  or  at  the  doors  of  their  homes  amid  *  the  pines  and  the  hem- 


488  BISHOP  PERRY. 

locks,'  i.ade  the  verse  of  Longfellow  more  vivid  and  real  than  even  the 
desolation  of  Crr^id  Pr6. 

"  The  early  settlers  (of  Yariaouth  Township)  were  nearly  all  from 
New  England,  and  iii  the  main  were  Congregationalists.  Soon  others, 
of  diverse  nationalities  and  faiths,  followed,  attracted  by  the  treasures  of 
the  sea,  the  coast,  the  meadows,  and  the  streams,  all  lying  so  readily 
at  hand.  Ships-of-war  came  to  an  anchorage  off  the  Cloven  Cape. 
One,  in  \  .nding  its  captain  for  an  evening's  entertainment  on  shore, 
found  its  chief  officer  a  willing  captiv^e  to  the  charms  of  a  Yarmouth 
belle.  The  meal  was  served  by  a  shipwright's  daughter  of  the  name 
of  '  Pearl.'  The  captain  saw  the  fair  maid-of-all-work,  and  was  van- 
quished. He  proposed ;  and  the  nuptial  knot  was  tied  by  a  local 
magistrate,  and  the  Yarmouth  '  Pearl '  became  the  honijred  wife  of  an 
admiral  of  the  Royal  Navy.  Her  brother,  who  accompanied  her  on 
leaving  her  Acadian  home,  was  atterwi  rd  knighted,  and  became  the  only 
Yarmouth  baronet. 

"  As  we  drove  through  the  winding  Yarmouth  streets,  or  visited  in 
the  charming  homes  of  this  city  by  the  sea,  we  could  easily  understand 
that  that  Yarmouth  '  Pearl '  of  a  century'  past  might  thus  claim  and  con- 
quer the  jolly  tar.  Beautiful  complexions,  with  coloring  softened  by  the 
ocean-fogs ;  sparkling  eyes,  blue  and  bright  as  gems  ;  lithe  and  lovely 
figures  full  of  health  and  vigor ;  and  the  coy  and  charming  manners  of 
the  Yarmouth  girls  of  this  generation,  —  go  far  to  prove  the  truth  of  this 
story  of  the  earlier  days  of  the  town.  There  are  many  '  pearls  '  of  purest 
ray  serene  to  be  had  for  the  seeking  on  the  shores  of  the  '  Cloven  Cape,' 
—  the  gate  of  Nova  Scotia. 

"  As  a  summer  resort  Yarmouth  possesses  every  possible  attraction. 
The  sea-air  is  full  of  life,  invigorating,  bracing,  and  *  salty '  even  to  the 
taste.  The  view  of  old  ocean  cannot  be  excelled.  The  drives,  the 
walks,  the  baths,  are  each  and  all  of  the  best.  Charming,  comfortable 
houses  are  scattered  over  the  various  ridges  along  either  side  of  the 
*  Cloven  Cape  ; '  and  for  beautiful  homes,  attractive  scenery,  and  delight- 
ful people,  the  Gate  City  of  the  Province  of  Nova  Scotia  stands  pre- 
eminent. 

"  From  the  lofty  tower  of  the  handsome  home  of  our  most  kind  and 
attentive  host  and  hostess,  the  Hon.  L.  E.  Baker  and  his  lovely  wife,  the 


APPENDIX  O.  489 

outlook  is  one  of  wondrous  beauty.  Far  out  at  sea  the  eye  can  range 
without  an  intervening  obstacle,  save  the  low  coast-line  or  the  rocky 
ridge,  where  it  takes  no  prophet's  vision  to  behold  in  the  near  future  the 
seaside  cottages  of  ocean-loving  visitors  from  the  heated  cities,  or  the 
close,  crowded  inland  summer  resorts  of  the  '  States.'  Fishing,  boating, 
sailing,  bathing  facilities  are  at  hand ;  and  in  the  lovel/  fresh-water  lakes, 
of  which  there  are  nearly  a  hundred  in  the  vicinity,  a  id  in  the  forests 
well  stocked  with  game,  —  not  excluding  the  moose  and  the  bear,  —  the 
sportsman's  paradise  is  here.  The  gate  of  Nova  Scotia  opens  to  one  all 
possible  pleasures  of  the  forest,  the  lake,  the  river,  and  the  sea. 

"  Our  days  at  Yarmouth  were  both  restful  and  stimulating  ;  and  when 
we  visit  the  Maritime  Provinces  again,  as  we  trust  we  ma}-  be  sometime 
so  happy  as  to  do,  we  shall  come  by  sea,  and  enter  the  beautiful  Acadie 
by  the  gate  of  Nova  Scotia,  —  Yarmouth  by  the  sea.  And  entering 
thus  by  the  easiest  and  most  accessible  passage-way  this  sea-girt  town, 
we  shall  linger  long  and  lovingly  among  scenes  so  fair,  and  people  so 
hospitable,  kind,  and  cultivated,  as  are  offered  in  the  city  of  the  Cloven 
Cape." 

Bishop  Perry  is  a  graduate  from  Harvard.  He  bears  the  titic  of  S.T.D. 
from  that  university ;  of  LL.D.  from  William  and  Mary  College ;  and 
this  year,  when  our  little  King's  College  at  Windsor  caught  him  within 
range,  the  Faculty  hastened  to  tack  their  D.C.I..  to  his  name. 


APPENDIX   P. 

(See  page  188.) 

DUELLING   IN    THE    OLDEN    TIME. 

The  Justice  Fletcher  referred  to  in  the  following  article,  was  William, 
the  eldest  brother  of  Dr.  Richard  Fletcher.  He  was  appointed  judge 
in  1807,  and  died  in  1823.  The  story  is  also  told  by  James  Anthony 
Froude,  in  his  history  of  "  The  English  in  Ireland." 

\From  the  London  Truth,  December,  1880.] 

"Apropos  of  the  late  discussions  as  to  the  propriety  of  settling 
disputes  by  a  duel,  and  the  legal  consequences  thereof,  the  following 
conclusion  of  the  summing-up  of  Baron  Hotham  at  Maidstone  in  1 794, 
in  the  very  famous  case  of  Rex  v.  Purefoy,  is  interesting.  Needless  to 
add  that  the  learned  judge's  hint  to  the  jury,  that  it  was  necessary  and 
expedient  to  temper  the  law  with  mercy,  was  followed  by  an  immediate 
acquittal. 

" '  It  is  now  a  painful  duty  which  belongs  to  us  :  it  is  mine  to  lay 
down  the  law,  and  yours  to  apply  it  to  the  facts  before  you.  The  oath 
by  which  I  am  bound  obliges  me  to  say  to  you  that  homicide,  after  a 
due  interval  left  for  consideration,  amounts  to  murder.  The  laws  of 
England,  in  their  utmost  lenity  and  allowance  for  human  frailty,  extend 
their  compassion  only  to  sudden  and  momentary  frays,  and  then,  if  the 
blood  has  not  had  time  to  cool,  or  the  reason  to  return,  the  result  is 
termed  manslaughter.  Such  is  the  law  of  the  land,  which  undoubtedly 
the  unfortunate  gentleman  at  the  bar  has  violated,  though  he  has  acted 
in  conformity  to  the  laws  of  honor.  His  whole  demeanor  in  the  duel, 
according  to  the  witness  whom  you  are  most  to  believe.  Col.  Stanwix, 
was  that  of  perfect  honor  and  perfect  humanity.  Such  is  the  law 
and  such  are  the  facts.     If  you  cannot  reconcile  the  latter  to  your 


APPENDIX  P.  491 

conscience,  yoii  must  return  a  verdict  of  guilty.  Kjt  if  the  contrary, 
though  the  acquittal  may  trench  on  the  rigid  rules  of  the  law,  yet  the 
verdict  will  be  lovely  in  the  sight  of  both  God  and  man.' 

"Rut  finer  still  was  the  direction  of  Justice  Fletcher  in  181 2  on  a 
similar  occasion,  when,  addressing  an  Irish  jury,  he  summed  up  in  two 
minutes :  — 

" '  GenUemen,  it  is  my  business  to  lay  down  the  law  to  you,  and  I 
shall  do  so.  Where  two  people  go  out  to  fight  a  duel,  and  one  of  them 
falls,  the  law  says  it  is  murder.  And  I  tell  you,  by  law  it  is  murder ; 
but,  at  the  same  time,  a  fairer  duel  I  never  heard  of  in  the  whole  course 
of  my  life.'  " 


APPENDIX  Q. 

(Set  page  285.) 
[From  Dr.  Johnson's  Journey  to  the  Western  Highlands  of  Scotland  in   1773.] 

"  Civility  seems  part  of  the  national  character  of  the  Highlanders. 
Every  chieftain  is  a  monarch ;  and  politeness,  the  natural  product  of  the 
royal  government,  is  diffused  from  the  laird  to  the  whole  clan.  To  enter  a 
habitation  without  leave  seems  to  be  considered  not  as  a  rudeness  nor  in- 
trusion.   The  old  laws  of  hospitality  give  this  license  to  a  stranger."  .  .  . 

"  By  their  Lowland  neighbors  they  would  not  willingly  be  taught,  for 
they  have  long  considered  them  a  mean  and  degenerate  race.  When 
I  asked  a  very  learned  minister  in  the  islands  which  they  considered 
their  most  savage  clans,  '  Those,'  said  he,  '  that  live  next  the  Low- 
lands.'" .  .  . 

"  Some  time  after  dinner  (at  a  village  on  the  west  coast  where  John- 
son and  Boswell  spent  a  day  and  night)  we  were  surprised  by  the 
entrance  of  a  young  woman,  not  inelegant  either  in  mien  or  dress,  who 
asked  us  whether  we  would  have  tea.  We  found  she  was  the  daughter 
of  our  host,  and  desired  her  to  make  it.  Her  conversation,  like  her 
appearance,  was  gentle  and  pleasing.  We  knew  that  the  girls  of  the 
Highlands  were  all  gentlewomen,  and  treated  her  with  great  respect, 
which  she  received  as  customary  and  due,  and  was  neither  elated  by  it 
nor  confused,  but  repaid  by  civilities  without  embarrassment,  and  told 
me  how  much  I  honored  her  country  by  coming  to  survey  it."  .  .  . 

"  From  Annadale  (in  Skye)  we  came  at  night  to  Corrycatachan,  a 
house  very  pleasantly  situated  between  two  brooks,  with  one  of  the 
highest  hills  of  the  island  behind  it.  It  is  the  residence  of  Mr. 
MacKinnon,  by  whom  we  were  entertained  with  liberal  hospitality 
among  a  more  numerous  and  elegant  company  than  it  could  have  been 
supposed  easy  to  collect."  .  .  . 


.     APPENDIX  Q.  493 

"  I  never  was  in  any  house  in  the  Highlands  where  I  did  not  find 
books  in  more  languages  than  one,  if  I  staid  long  enough  to  want  them, 
except  one  from  which  the  family  was  removed.  Literature  is  not 
neglected  by  the  higher  ranks  of  the  Highlands."  .  .  . 

Dr.  Johnson  visited  "  Kingsburg,  a  place  distinguished  by  that 
name  because  the  king  lodged  there  when  he  landed  at  Portree.  We 
were  entertained  with  the  usual  hospitality  by  Mr.  MacDonald  and  his 
lady  Flora  MacDonald,  a  name  that  will  be  remembered  in  history,  and, 
if  courage  and  fidelity  be  virtues,  mentioned  with  honor.  She  is  a 
woman  of  middle  stature,  soft  features,  and  elegant  presence."  . 

"  The  name  of  the  highest  dignity  is  Laird,  of  which  there  are  in 
the  extensive  Island  of  Skye  only  three,  —  Macdonald,  Macleod,  and 
Mackinnon.  The  laird  is  the  original  owner  of  the  land,  whose  natural 
powers  must  be  very  great  where  no  man  lives  but  by  agriculture,  and 
where  the  produce  of  the  land  is  not  conveyed  through  the  labyrinths 
of  traffic,  but  passes  directly  from  the  hand  that  gathers  it  to  the  mouth 
that  eats  it.     The  religion  of  the  island  is  that  of  the  Kirk  of  Scotland." 


APPENDIX   R. 

{See  page  339.) 

FREE-WILL    BAPTISTS. 

[Prom  Local  History  of  New  England.^ 

"  Benjamin  Randall,  the  founder  of  the  Free-Will  Baptist  connec- 
tion, was  bom  in  Newcastle,  N.H.,  Feb.  26,  1749,  the  son  of  Capt. 
Benjamin  Randall,  a  ship-master.  He  acquired  a  decent  mercantile 
education,  was  employed  as  a  sail-maker,  and  was  in  the  army  for  a 
short  period.  Becoming  converted  under  the  labors  of  Rev.  George 
VVhitefield,  he  united  with  the  Congregational  Church  in  1772,  but, 
becoming  Baptist  in  sentiment,  was  baptized  by  immersion  in  Madbury, 
and  was  ordained  as  an  evangelist  April  5,  1780,  at  New  Durham, 
to  which  place  he  had  removed  his  residence,  and  where  he  lived  till 
the  time  of  his  death.  He  there  organized  the  first  Free-Will  Baptist 
Church,  but  employed  himself  in  itinerant  labors  to  a  great  extent. 
Other  churches  of  the  same  faith  were  added,  his  labors  being 
abundantly  successful,  until,  at  the  time  of  his  death,  he  was  virtual 
head  of  churches  embracing  nearly  twenty  thousand  souls,  gathered 
by  the  efforts  he  originated.     He  died  Oct.  22,  1808." 

The  Rev,  Charles  Knowles,  a  disciple  of  Rev.  Jacob  Norton,  was 
ordained  at  Argyle  in  February,  1831.  The  year  previous  he  had 
conducted  religious  services  at  Pubnico,  and  through  his  encourage- 
ment the  people  there  began  to  build  a  meeting-house.  In  February, 
1832,  Mr.  Knowles  organized  a  Free-Baptist  Church  at  IJttle  River, 
over  which  he  was  pastor  for  twenty-five  years;  and  in  1833  he 
went  to  Kemptville,  and  there  also  founded  a  church.  A  Free- 
Baptist  meeting-house  was  built  at  Arcadia  in  1835,  and  another  at 
Chebogue   Point   in  1843 ;    and   until    his  death  at  Tusket,  in  1877, 


APPENDIX  R.  495 

Mr.    Knowles   exercised    a   fatherly    supervision    of    the    Free-Baptist 
churches  of  the  county. 

By  the  ordination  of  Elder  Walter  C.  Weston  at  Chebogue,  on 
Nov.  9,  1856,  the  Free  Baptists  are  alone  entitled  to  the  honor  of 
conferring  that  signal  distinction  upon  a  native  of  the  county  within 
the  century  following    1761. 


.APPENDIX  S. 

(See  page  349.) 
\From  The  Yarmouth  Herald,  Sept.  20,  1833.] 

To  the  Editor  of  "The  Yarmouth  Herald." 

Sir, —  Through  the  medium  of  your  paper  will  you  allow  me  to 
offer  to  the  friends  of  the  Bible  Society  a  brief  statement  of  the  progress 
of  the  Ladies'  Auxiliary,  which  was  instituted  by  the  Rev.  Mr.  West,  one 
of  the  agents  of  the  Parent  Society  in  1828? 

Having  divided  the  township  into  twenty  districts,  and  a  sufficient 
number  of  ladies  coming  cheerfully  forward  as  collectors,  we  commenced 
by  canvassing  accurately  the  Townships  of  Yarmouth  and  Argyle  to 
ascertain  the  wants  of  the  inhabitants  in  regard  to  the  Sacred  Scriptures, 
as  well  as  to  obtain  subscriptions  in  aid  of  the  institution. 

The  Rev.  Mr.  West  having  presented  to  the  Ladies'  Society  fifty 
of  the  sacred  volumes  in  Prench  and  English  as  a  beginning  stock,  the 
greater  part  of  the  latter  were  soon  put  into  the  hands  of  persons  too 
indigent  to  purchase  them ;  and  were  it  not  encroaching  on  the  limits 
of  your  paper,  I  would  recite  some  very  affecting  instances  of  the  benefit 
of  those  blessed  don.^tions,  and  of  the  deep  sense  of  gratitude  with 
which  they  were  received. 

In  the  autumn  of  that  year  we  remitted  the  sum  of  ;^52,  the  half  to 
be  returned  in  Bibles  and  Testaments,  from  the  sale  of  which,  and  from 
subscriptions,  we  obtained  the  next  year  ^^33  5^.  od.,  the  succeeding 
year  ;^33  loj.  od.,  in  183 1  J^t^'i,  I'^s.  od.,  and  last  year  ^2^,  making  in 
all  more  than  ;^i8o.  We  have  sold  and  given  gratis  more  than  a  hun- 
dred and  fifty  volumes.  Sunday  and  week-day  schools  have  been  fur- 
nished with  Testaments  at  a  price  incredibly  low ;  and  many  an  aged 
person  whose  failing  eyes  were  unable  to  read  the  common  editions,  has 
been  presented  with  one  of  a  noble  type  and  paper  which  was  perfectly 
legible.  ^^^-^._.--__  -----:^'---  :;•"-"   /-   -;■  >77-^ 


APPENDIX  S.  497 

To  those  cautions  persons,  who,  to  save  a  small  donation,  so  often 
put  the  pithy  question  to  our  collectors,  "  What  good  does  your  Society 
do?"  I  answer  by  referring  them  to  the  above  statement;  and  I  ask  in 
my  turn,  "  Is  it  nothing  to  be  able  to  give  to  the  aged,  the  sick,  and  the 
indigent,  the  sacred  word  of  God,  the  sure  guide  to  salvation,  which  they 
could  not  otherwise  obtain?  Is  it  nothing  to  give  to  poor  Sunday 
scholars,  black  as  well  as  white,  a  number  of  neat  Testaments  which 
they  could  not  otherwise  have  procured?  or  to  send  to  a  remote 
village,  such  as  Kemptville,  where  the  gospel  is  never  preached,  and 
where  they  have  no  means  of  religious  instruction,  a  large,  handsome 
Bible  for  public  use,  and  as  many  Testaments  as  were  needed,  not  to 
mention  that  more  than  ^loo  of  our  collection  has  aided  the  general 
funds  of  the  institution,  and  conveyed  the  Word  of  life  to  many 
a  heathen  land?  " 

If  those  persons  who  make  so  light  of  our  labors  could  be  pre- 
vailed on  to  devote  a  itw  hours  to  the  perusal  of  the  Reports  of  the 
British  and  Foreign  Bible  Society  (with  which  I  would  gladly  furnish 
them),  they  might  satisfy  themselves  of  the  incalculable  blessings  that 
this  wonderful  institution  is  now  diffusing  through  the  earth ;  and  I 
might  be  allowed  humbly  to  suggest,  that,  if  they  would  condescend  to 
visit  our  Society's  meetings  now  and  then,  their  scruples  would  be 
removed,  and  they  would  own  that  they  had  spent  many  hours  more 
unprofitably. 

It  becomes  now  my  very  pleasing  duty  to  offer  my  thanks  to  the 
ladies  of  the  committee,  and  to  all  the  collectors,  whose  exertions  in 
this  cause  are  above  praise.  But  for  your  support,  and  for  the  encour- 
agement which  one  in  particular  has  so  often  given  me,  I  should  have 
been  ere  now  discouraged,  and  have  fainted  in  my  task.  Go  on,  my 
beloved  coadjutors,  —  great  will  be  your  reward.  Mind  not  the  scoffs, 
or  sneers,  or  coldness,  you  sometimes  meet  with :  you  have  the  blessings 
of  the  poor,  the  applause  of  your  own  minds,  and,  above  all,  thai  sacred 
promise,  that  even  a  cup  of  water,  given  in  the  name  of  your  Master, 
shall  not  lose  its  reward.  The  call  for  your  services  is  now  greater  than 
ever :  the  demand  this  year  has  increased  in  Ireland,  Germany,  France, 
Norway,  Sweden,  the  East  and  West  Indies,  Africa,  etc.  "  Wa  have 
even  heard,"  says  the  Rev.  Dr.  Pinkerton,  "that  a  breach  Has  been 


498  LADIES'  BIBLE  SOCIETY. 

made  in  the  wall  of  China,  and  a  single  individual  has  called  on  the 
Society  to  supply  him  with  10,000  copies  of  the  Sacred  Scriptures  for 
that  mighty  empire." 

In  Catholic  countries,  where  it  was  impossible,  some  years  since,  to 
circulate  the  Scriptures,  now  more  than  200  Catholic  schools  have 
solicited  Testaments  from  the  Society ;  and  this  Society  has  conferred  on 
France  (since  she  has  been  willing  to  receive  the  boon)  1,000,000 
copies  of  the  sacred  volume. 

I  shall  probably  address  you  again  on  this  subject  when  we  conclude 
the  business  of  the  Society  for  the  present  year. 

And  I  remain,  sir, 

Yours,  etc., 

MARY  FLETCHER, 

President  of  the  Yarmouth  Ladies'  Auxiliary. 
Yarmouth,  Sept.  13, 1833. 

ADDRESS   GIVEN   AT   A   MEETING   OF   THE   LADIES'   BIBLE   SOCIETY, 
YARMOUTH,   BY   MARY   FLETCHER. 

Called  from  the  duties  of  domestic  life,  — 
From  quiet  cares  of  daughter,  parent,  wife,  — 
Here  in  kind  union,  though  with  humble  fear, 
Timid  we  venture  on  a  wider  sphere, 
Enlarge  the  circle  where  those  duties  move, 
And  add  to  kindred,  evangelic  love. 

Nor  let  the  nobler  sex,  with  scornful  eyes, 
Deride  our  zeal,  and  mock  our  enterprise  • 
Though  feeble  woman's  frame,  and  weak  her  powers, 
The  tender  charities  of  life  are  ours. 
'Tis  ours  to  share  your  woes,  to  soothe  your  toils, 
To  cheer  your  social  hours  with  genial  smiles, 
Watch  o'er  your  infant  race  with  ceaseless  care, 
And  teach  the  lisping  tongue  the  earliest  prayer. 

To  pining  want  'tis  ours  to  deal  the  bread, 
-^  ^^  j^.j  ^^  homeless  wanderer  rest  his  head  ; 

See  for  the  blind,  and  gently  lead  the  lame  ; 
Invest  with  garment  warm  the  shivering  frame;  ~--~- 


■      APPENDIX  S.  499 

With  lenient  arts  the  throbbing  pulse  to  calm, 
To  shed  o'er  agony  soft  pity's  balm  ; 
In  sleepless  patience  watch  the  lonely  bed, 
Where  languid  sickness  leans  his  aching  head  ; 
Careless  of  self,  each  soothing  aid  supply, 
And  wipe  the  bitter  tear  from  misery's  eye. 
This  sacred  Book  can  woman's  worth  reveal, 
These  holy  pages  speak  her  fervid  zeal. 

The  Syrian  chief,  taught  by  a  little  maid, 
Sought  amid  Israel's  bands  Elisha's  aid  ; 
His  leprous  limbs  immersed  in  Jordan's  wave, 
Confessed  that  Israel's  God  alone  could  save. 

When  direful  famine  o'er  the  earth  prevailed, 
And  each  resource  for  suffering  nature  failed. 
The  wandering  prophet  sought  no  rich  man's  door, 
But  asked  to  share  a  widow's  scanty  store : 
That  slender  meal  her  infant's  life  should  save, 
In  pious  charity  the  mother  gave. 

Dread  was  that  time  when  vengeful  pride  decreed 

A  captive  nation  in  a  day  should  bleed  ; 

But  gave  not  God  a  pious  woman  power 

To  save  his  people  in  that  awful  hour  ? 

Meek  and  resigned  a  monarch's  frown  she  braved. 

Crushed  a  proud  favorite,  ana  a  nation  saved. 

And  let  the  Saviour's  testimony  prove 
Kind  woman's  tender  care,  and  fervid  love. 
Proudly  the  Pharisee  prepared  the  feast. 
But  coldly  welcomed  his  celestial  guest ; 
No  gratulating  kiss  of   peace  he  gave ; 
No  water  poured,  his  weary  feet  to  lave 
But  woman  bathed  his  feet  with  many  a  tear, 
And  wiped  the  moisture  with  her  flowing  hair ; 
Kneeled  in  the  dust  to  kiss  his  sacred  feet, 
And  lavish  poured  her  costly  odors  sweet. 
Oft  woman's  love  prepared  the  welcome  meal, 
And  all  his  wants  supplied  with  ready  zeal ; 


500  LADIES'   BIBLE   SOCIETY. 

Even  in  his  final  hour  of  deepest  woes, 

Stood  by  his  side  amid  insulting  foes  ; 

Wept  by  his  cross  when  many  a  friend  had  fled, 

Nor  shunned  the  fearful  chambers  of  the  dead. 

Long  ere  the  dawning  day,  —  in  midnight  gloom,  — 

Heroic  woman  sought  a  Saviour's  tomb. 

With  costly  spices  fraught,  —  a  copious  store, — 

And  sought  some  friendly  hand  to  ope  the  door. 

Come,  then,  loved  maids  !   respected  matrons,  come ! 
Not  with  rich  odors  for  a  Saviour's  tomb. 
But  licher  gifts,  —  your  liberal  hands  bestow; 
The  Words  of  Life  —  the  Balm  for  every  woe  — 
The  Bread  of  Heaven,  the  fainting  soul  to  stay  — 
Streams  from  the  Rock  to  wash  his  sins  away  — 
A  Light  to  guide  his  steps  'mid  cheerless  night  — 
And  Robes  of  Righteousness,  of  purest  white  ; 
This  Sacred  Book  —  our  guide  to  worlds  on  hf^h, — 
That  shows  us  how  to  live,  and  fits  us  well  to  die. 


-^-^- 


APPENDIX  T. 

(See  page  356.) 
PUBLIC    SCHOOLS. 

The  first  law  for  establishing  public  schools  in  America  was  passed 
Oct.  27,  1647,  by  the  General  Court  of  Massachusetts  in  form  follow- 
ing :  — 

"It  being  one  of  the  chief  projects  of  Satan  to  keep  men  from 
the  knowledge  of  the  Scriptures,  as  in  former  times  keeping  them  in 
unknown  tongues,  so  in  these  later  times  by  persuading  from  the  use 
of  tongues,  that  so  at  least  the  true  sense  and  meaning  of  the  original 
might  be  eluded  and  corrupted  by  false  glosses  of  deceivers ;  to  the 
end  that  learning  be  not  buried  in  the  graves  of  our  forefathers,  in 
Church  and  Commonwealth  the  Lord  assisting  our  endeavours  :  —  It  is 
therefore  ordered  by  this  Court  and  authority  thereof  thai  every  town- 
ship within  this  jurisdiction  after  the  Lord  hath  increased  them  to  the 
number  of  fifty  householders  shall  forthwith  appoint  one  wiihin  tlieir 
towns  to  teach  all  such  children  as  shall  resort  to  him  to  write  and 
read ;  whose  wages  shall  be  paid  either  by  the  parents  or  master  of  such 
children,  or  by  the  inhabitants  in  general  by  way  of  supply  as  the 
major  part  of  them  that  order  the  prudentials  of  the  town  shall  a.  point, 
provided  that  those  who  send  their  children  be  not  oppressed  by  paying 
much  more  than  they  can  have  them  taught  for  in  other  towns." 


APPENDIX   U. 

{See  page  35Q.) 
ABBOTSFORD, 

Sir  Walter  Scott  died  Sept.  21,  1832.  As  a  member  of  the 
publishing-firm  of  James  Ballantyne  &  Co.,  he  became  seriously 
embarrassed  by  the  failure,  in  1826,  of  the  firm  of  Archibald  Con- 
stable &  Co.,  for  whom  they  were  indorsers,  and  they  were  made 
liable  for  ^117,000,  only  ;^46,ooo  of  which  belonged  to  Scott's 
firm.  His  estate  of  Abbotsford  had,  upon  the  marriage  of  his  eldest 
son  Walter,  in  1825,  been  conveyed  in  trust  for  him,  Scott  reserving 
the  right  of  borrowing,  upon  mortgage  of  the  property,  the  sum  of 
^10,000 ;  and  just  before  their  failure.  Constable  borrowed  from 
Scott  ^10,000,  which  Scott  procured  by  mortgaging  the  .\bbotsford 
property. 

By  1828  the  profits  of  Scott's  literary  works  had  paid  to  his 
creditors  no  less  than  ^£^40,000,  and  by  1830  about  ;^25,ooo  more; 
and,  a  few  years  after  his  death,  his  creditors  were  all  paid.  In 
1830  they  had  presented  to  Mr.  Scott  his  library,  furniture,  plate, 
and  other  articles,  equivalent  to  ;^  10,000. 

"The  Yarmouth  Herald"  of  Sept.  27,  1833,  about  a  month  after 
its  establishment,  contained  this  article :  — 

"The  following  lines  were  written  on  hearing  that  it  was  intended  to  circulate  a  subscrip- 
tion in  Yarmouth  in  aid  of  the  fund  to  repurchase  for  the  family  of  Sir  Walter  Scott  his 
beautiful  estate  of  Abbotsford. —  Mary  Fletcher." 


"  Sept.  24,  1833. 


"  What  heart,  lamented  Poet,  could  refuse 
A  votive  offering  to  thy  graceful  muse  ? 
What  hand,  but  gladly  would  its  gift  impart. 
With  best  sensations  of  a  grateful  heart  ? 


■     APPENDIX  U.  503 

Yes,  sacred  be  those  woodlands,  once  thine  own, 

Where  Memory  lingers  sad,  a  pilgrim  lone  ! 

Through  thy  sweet  bowers  in  pensive  mood  to  stray, 

Here  shall  the  traveller  long  his  steps  delay ; 

Or  in  thy  hospitable  dome  shall  rest, 

Where  late  thy  genius  charmed  the  wand'ring  guest. 

When  thy  rapt  hand  has  touched  the  dulcet  lyre. 
What  bosom  burned  not  with  a  kindred  fire  ? 
And,  at  thy  scenes  heroic,  learned  to  glow. 
Or  weep  responsive  to  thy  tale  of  woe  ? 
Who  has  not  witnessed  thine  enchanting  power 
To  soften  care,  and  soothe  the  saddest  hour? 
When  sportive  1  amor  lent  its  genuine  zest. 
And  jocund  laughter  social  glee  expressed  ? 

Now  for  your  friend,  ye  fair,  display  your  zeal ; 
The  female  bosom  needs  no  strong  appeal  : 
What  chastened  charms  around  your  sex  he  threw! 
What  magic  pencil  e'er  such  portraits  drew ! 
'Twas  his  the  gentler  virtues  to  impart. 
And  teach  the  power  to  rule,  or  hold  the  heart ; 
While  mild  religion,  free  from  bigot  rage. 
Improved  each  thought,  and  brightened  every  page. 

Ye  friends  of  genius,  save  from  stranger  hands 
The  sacred  precincts  of  his  classic  lands  ! 
No  steps  unhallowed  shall  his  groves  profane. 
But  there  the  Muse  shall  chant  her  sweetest  strain, 
A  plaintive  requiem  to  his  manes  breathe,  ' 

And  crown  his  bust  with  many  a  fragrant  wreath. 
There  shall  the  bard  for  inspiration  hie, 
And  Abbotsford  with  classic  Avon  vie." 

"  The  Yarmouth  Herald  "  of  Oct.  4  had  this  notice  :  — 

ABBOTSFORD    SUBSCRIPTION. 

To  THE  INHABITA^r^s  OF  Yarmouth  :  — 

It  has  been  proposed  in  the  United  Kingdom  to  raise  by  subscription 
a  fund  to  repurchase  for  and  perpetuate  in  the  family  and  descendants  of 
the  late  Sir  Walter  Scott  the  classic  mansion  and  domain  of  Abbotsford, 


504  ABBOTSFORD. 

in  order  to  carry  into  effect  tlie  anxious  desire  of  the  late  lamented  owner, 
that  they  might  be  transmitted  to  his  posterity. 

Subscriptions  have  accordingly  been  opened  for  the  above  purpose 
in  different  parts  of  the  mother  country. 

The  circumstances  connected  with  the  sacrifice  of  Abbotsford,  and 
the  more  than  honorable  and  disirterested  conduct  of  its  late  dis- 
tinguished possessor  in  relation  to  it,  are  too  well  known  to  need  here 
a  repetition.  Those  persons  —  and  it  is  believed  there  are  few  —  to 
whom  the  details  have  not  been  made  familiar,  are  referred  to  the 
various  articles  which  have  appeared  in  the  public  journals  on  the 
subject. 

The  example  set  in  Great  Britain  has  been  imitated  in  the  United 
States,  and  followed  in  Nova  Scotia  ;  and  a  subscription  commenced 
at  Halifax  is  progressing  in  the  different  counties  of  the  Province, 
and  the  inhabitants  of  Yarmouth  are  now  invited  to  assist  in  advan- 
cing the  objects  in  view. 

The  names  of  the  contributors  will  be  inserted  in  a  volume  ap- 
propriated for  the  purpose  to  be  deposited  at  Abbotsford. 

Subscriptions  will  be  received,  and  every  information  afforded,  at 
the  following  places  :  "  Herald  "  ofifice,  store  of  Mr.  E.  W.  B.  Moody, 
and  at  the  ofifice  of  Mr.  Keating,  Yarmouth ;  store  of  Mr.  Stayley 
Brown,  Milton. 


APPENDIX   Ua. 

(See  page  382) 
THE    YARMOUTH    STEAMSHIP   COMPANY. 

The  Yarmouth  Steamship  Company,  under  a  new  organization  of 
72  shareholders,  and  with  a  capital  of  $190,000,  now  (1S88)  owns 
the  new  steel  steamer  Yarmouth,  the  Dominion,  the  City  of  St.  John, 
and  the  Alpha. 

The  directors  of  the  company  are  Loran  E.  Baker,  President,  Lyman 
E.  Cann,  and  John  Wentworth  Moody. 

The  J '-'-/w^////^,  said  to  be  the  finest  and  fastest  sea-going  steamer 
owned  in  the  Dominion  of  Canada,  is  1,432  tons  gross;  was  built  at 
the  Clyde  by  A.  MacMillan  &  Son,  in  the  early  part  of  "887,  for 
;^24,ooo  sterling;  is  of  2,200  horse-power,  lighted  by  electricity, 
steered  by  steam-power;  has  the  other  modern  improvements,  and 
berths  for  350  passengers.  Already  a  favorite  with  the  travelling 
public,  this  steamer  makes  semi-weekly  trips  between  ^'armouth  and 
Boston,  —  can  make  the  passage,  240  miles,  in  15  hours,  but  orclipririly 
occupies  16  to  17  hours.  The  Yarmouth  is  in  charge  of  Capt. 
Harvey  Doane,  whose  twenty  years'  experient  e  in  steamers  running 
to  Yarmouth  entitles  him  to  the  utmost  confiJence  ;  and  he  is  ably 
seconded  by  Capt.  Samuel  F.  Stanwood,  now  acting  pilot. 

The  City  of  St.  John  continues  on  the  Halifax  route,  cading  ench 
way  at  Barrington,  Shelburne,  Lockeport,  and  Lunenburg ;  the  Alpha, 
Capt.  Blauvelt,  makes  semi-weekly  trips  between  Yarmouth  and  St. 
John;  and  the  Old  Dominion,  apparendy  as  safe  ard  stanch  a  craft 
as  either  of  the  fleet,  runs  between  Yarmouth  and  Boston  in  the 
winter  months,  and  is  held  as  a  reserve  at  the  home-port  durii  g  the 
rest  of  the  year. 

Loran  E.  Baker  is   general    manager  for    the   company ;    William 


5o6 


YARMOUTH  STEAMSHIP   COMPANY. 


A.  Chase  is  secretary  anci  treasurer;  John  G.  H  til  &  Co.,  of  64 
Chatham  Street,  are  the  Boston  agents  :  and  Walter  Hall  has  charge 
of  the  office  and  warehouse  at  Lewis'  Wharf. 

The    following   is    the    original   stock-list   of   the    n.-wiy-organized 
company :  — 


Loran  E.  K.iker 580400 

Harvey  Doane 7,000 

Mary  [.  Baker 5,000 

Charles  E.  Brown 5,000 

J.  G.  Hall  &  Co 5.000 

John  r.  Mott 5,000 

Thomas  liaync 5,000 

R.  G.  Leckie 5,000 

Lyman  E.  Cann 3,000 

Zenas  W.  Sproul 3,000 

William  D.  Lovitt 3.00c 

Robie  Uniacke 3,000 

Archibald  &  Co 3,000 

Hugh  NfacLennan 2,500 

Norman  H.  Hent 2,000 

Oscar  Davison 2,000 

Peter  Ross 2,000 

William  J.  Stairs 2,000 

L.  G.  Morton 2,000 

Estate  Bisho])  Binney    ....  2,000 

J.  W.  Turner 1,500 

S.  S.  Forrest 1,500 

Peter  Innes 1,000 

Henry  Y.  Hind 1,000 

George  Shearer 1,000 

C.  R.  Croker,  Trustee    ....  1,000 

Florence  M.  Baker 1,000 

James  Bain 1,000 

John  Lovitt 1,000 

James  J.  Lovitt 1,000 

Hugh  E.  Cann 1,000 

Edgar  K.  Spinney 1,000 

John  \V.  Moody 1,000 

Robert  Caie 1,000 

Hugh  Cann ,     .  1,000 

William  Law  &  Co i.oci 


James  Eisenhaur 
S.  M.  Brookfield 
John  S.  Mac  Lean 
W.  L.  Lowell    . 
Robert  Boak      . 

F.  C  Elliot  .  . 
Martin  P.  Black 
James  Gordon  . 
Donald  Keith  . 
C.  W.  Anderson 
Michael  Dwyer 
C.  C.  Bla:kadar 
C.  J.  Stewart     . 

G.  Van  Buskirk 
Mahon  Brothers 
William  Cunard 
Kelley  &  Classic 
David  MacPherso 
Lyman  Cann     . 
Charles  Morrill 
Wallace  W.  Crosby 
Dodds  &  Jolly  . 
Levi  B.  Wyman 
Miss  E.  E.  Hilton 
Charles  G.  Godfrey 
.Alexander  Forsyth 
Isaac  K.  Doane 
Thomas  Johnson 
James  Simmonds 
John  M.  Smith  . 
Albert  Lewis    . 
S.  A.  Crowell  &  C 
E.  N.  Viets  .     . 
James  D.  Dennis 
J.imes  W.  Wyman 
William  A.  Chase 


$t,ooo 
1,000 

1,000 
1,000 
1,000 

1,000 

1,000 

1,000 

1,000 

1,000 

1,000 

r,ooo 

1,000 

1,000 

1,000 

i,oco 

1,000 

800 

500 

500 

500 

500 

500 

500 

500 

500 

500 

500 

500 

500 

500 

500 

400 

400 

400 

100 


APPENDIX  V. 

(See  fage  386.) 
\C0mfiUil  from  Frremaii's  History  of  C         Cod.'] 

Of  those  who  came  out  in  the  Mayflower  in  1620,  the  only  names 
that  correspond  to  the  family  names  of  Yarmouth's  early  settlers  are 
John  Turner,  Thomas  Williams,  Peter  Brown,  Francis  Cook,  Richard 
Clarke,  Thomas  and  Joseph  Rogers,  Richard  Gardner,  and  Edward 
Dotey.  William  Hilton,  William  Beale,  Robert  Hicks,  and  Thomas 
Morton,  came  in  the  Fortune  in  162 1  ;  and  George  and  Thomas  Morton, 
Jan.,  ir  the  Ann  in  1623. 

The  first  grants  of  land  at  Sandwich  were  made  in  April,  1637  ;  and 
among  the  grantees  were  Richard  and  Thomas  Burgess,  George  Allen, 
Edii!,.>nd  Clarke,  John  Wing,  and  Thomas  Landers.  Besides  these,  the 
following  wer-;  among  the  residents  of  Sandwich  and  adjacent  towns 
previous  to  1630  :  — 


Allen,  Benjamin. 

"       Francis. 

"      John. 

"      Josej^h. 

"       Matthew. 

"       Ralph. 

"       Sa  nuel. 

"  William. 
Barnes,  Joshua. 
Berry,  Anthony. 
Butler,  Obadiah. 

"       Thomas. 


Crocker,  John. 

VVilliam. 
Crowell,  Edward. 
John. 
"        Samuel. 
Dennis,  Robert. 
Eldridge,  William. 
Ellis,  John. 
Gray,  John. 
Hammond,  Benjamin. 

William. 
Jenkins,  John. 


Nickerson,  William. 
Pease,  William. 
Perry,  Edward. 

"       John. 
Rogers,  Joseph. 
Ryder,  John. 

"      Samuel. 
Saunders,  Henry. 

"  William. 

Smith,  Richard. 


Rev,  Thomas  Crosby,  probably  eldest  son  of  Simon  of  Cambridge, 
was  bom  in  England  in  1634,  and  was  brought  over  when  an  infant. 
He  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1653,     In   1655  he  was  "employed  to 


508  PLYMOUTH   COLONY. 

conduct  public  service  on  Lord's  Day  "  at  Eastham,  Cape  Cod,  at  a 
salary  of  ;^5o  per  annum.  Mr.  Crosby  was  the  ancestor  of  a  very 
numerous  family.  He  had  7  sons  and  3  daughters ;  and  four  of  his 
sons  had  38  children,  —  18  sons  and  20  daughters.  Joseph  Crosby,  third 
son  of  Rev.  Thomas,  born  in  1669,  married  Mehitable  Miller  in  1692, 
and  settled  in  Yarmouth,  Cape  Cod.  Their  son  Theophilus,  born  Dec. 
31,  1693,  married  in  1722  Thankful  Winslow  of  Harwich. 

Sealed  Landers,  who  came  to  Chebogue  from  Sandwich  in  1761, 
married,  Dec.  5,  1751,  Thankful  Handy,  born  Feb.  27,  1716,  daughter 
of  John  Handy,  born   1677,  and  married  Keziah  Wing  in   1704. 

William  Walker  came  from  England  in  1635,  aged  fifteen.  He 
was  at  Eastham  in  1654,  and  married  there  in  that  year  Sarah  Snow, 
and  had  issue  John,  William,  Sarah,  Elizabeth,  and  Jabez  born  1668. 

Jabez    married    Elizabeth  ,  and  had  sons  Richard,  Jeremiah,  and 

Jabez    born    1706,  and    daughters    Rejoice,  Mary,  Mercy,  Sarah,  and 
Patience. 

Thomas  Willett  was  at  Plymouth  in  1621,  and  probably  came  over 
in  the  Fortutia  in   November. 

George  Allen,  in  1640,  and  John  Allen,  in  1642,  were  deputies 
from  Sandwich  to  the  General  Court,  which  held  its  first  session  in 
1639. 

In  1641  was  built  at  Plymouth  a  bark  of  fifty  tons,  —  "the  first 
vessel  of  magnitude  built  in  the  colony." 

The  Rev.  Josiah  Dennis  was  the  minister  at  Yarmouth  in   1725. 

"  The  history  of  families  may  not,  in  every  particular  instance,  that 
is,  in  every  link  of  the  chain,  exhibit  fully  the  mental,  moral,  or 
physical  traits  or  pecQliarities,  the  talents,  tastes,  propensities,  tenden- 
cies, modes  of  thinking  and  acting,  or  forms  of  body  and  face,  of 
ancestral  descent ;  indeed,  from  a  combination  of  causes,  it  is  often 
far  otherwise  ;  still,  the  intellectual  and  other  qualities  of  a  parent  often, 
nay,  generally,  ay,  almost  invariably,  will  descend  in  some  measure 
through  an  extended  line  of  progeny,  if  such  there  be;  more  dis'inctly 
seen  in  here  or  there  a  link  to  which  is  transferred  the  very  image, 
intellectual,  moral,  or  physical,  of  some  progenitor.  Although  it  would 
be  too  much  to  assert  that  in  such  degree  the  transfer  is  universal  or 


APPENDIX   V.  509 

even  general,  marked  through  the  entire  line  of  descent  in  broken  or 
chiefly  uninterrupted  succession,  still,  the  traces  are  remarkably  dis- 
tinct. To  illustrate  :  Where  an  ancestry  is  grovelling  and  debased, 
the  descendants  very  generally,  in  fact  almost  invariably,  partake  of  the 
infirmity  in  some  perceptible  degree ;  their  minds  or  persons  being,  as 
it  were,  the  transfer  of  the  qualities  of  the  parentage.  No  crossings 
with  better  blood,  however  elevated,  entirely  eradicates  the  prevailing 
characteristics  for  many  generations.  With,  indeed,  perhaps  slight  and 
occasional  variations,  the  same  general  character  will  be  found  to  remain 
enstamoed  upon  generation  after  generation.  The  shades  of  feeling, 
the  phases  of  cuaracter,  the  predominant  tastes,  the  sentimental  peculi- 
arities, the  passions,  are  reflected  and  perpetuated.  No  one  can,  with 
dose  and  thorough  observation,  give  his  attention  to  the  subject,  and 
not  perceive  the  truth  of  this.  This  view  is,  with  the  writer,  not  the 
result  of  any  preconceived  or  prereceived  theory,  but  the  forced  con- 
viction from  unavoidable  observation  in  the  prosecution  of  genealogical 
investigations  pursued  for  quite  another  object.  He  confidently 
believes  that  he  can  point,  for  example,  to  families  who,  for  nine 
generations,  were  never  known  to  perform  a  truly  exalted,  noble,  or 
generous  act ;  and  the  blood  to  this  day  forbids  the  expectation  or 
hope  of  witnessing  such  an  exhibition  from  such  a  source.  The  poison 
has  continued  in  the  blood,  and,  however  much  diluted,  has  polluted 
the  stream. 

"  On  the  other  hand,  the  noble  qualities,  the  intellectual  of  high 
order,  the  moral  (to  say  nothing  of  the  physical) ,  although  they  may 
not  be  so  prominently  and  almost  universally  transmitted,  will  be  found 
to  be  usually  transmitted  in  some  degree,  giving  a  certain  prominence  of 
character,  here  and  there  bursting  out  and  shining  forth  with  the  original 
brilliancy.  However,  in  consequence  of  the  crossings  being  unfavorable, 
the  otherwise  predominant  highly  intellectual  and  moral  qualities  may 
become  nearly  or  quite  obliterated,  so  that  branches  of  the  descent  may 
show  little  or  no  sign  of  the  origin  from  which  side  the  finer  qualities 
might  have  been  inherited  under  more  favorable  circumstances ;  still, 
other  branches  will  have  preserved  these  traits  in  greater  meas'jre,  and 
now  and  then  may  appear  the  very  features,  both  of  face  and  intellect,  — 
ay,  also  of  heart,  —  in  all  their  ancestral  grandeur.     Although  the  de- 


5IO  PLYMOUTH  COLONY. 

velopment  may  have  overleaped  a  generation  or  two,  or  more,  it  breaks 
forth,  —  the  same  ennobling  virtues,  the  same  charms  and  graces,  the 
same  intellectual  powers ;  so  that,  from  the  quahties  which  hallow  the 
memory  of  the  progenitor  may  be  clearly  traced  the  present  develop- 
ment, and  possibly  its  transmission  through  succeeding  generations. 

"  It  is  to  be  observed,  however,  that  the  transmission  of  superiority, 
whether  mental,  moral,  or  physical,  through  children  and  children's 
children,  to  distant  generations,  is  often,  very  often,  to  descendants  of 
another  name,  the  descent  being  the  blessing  conferred  by  a  mother. 
In  all  this  we  mark  one  of  those  laws  of  nature  worthy  to  be  more  gen- 
erally understood  and  regarded.  It  is  not  compatible  with  our  present 
duty,  or  we  might  gradually  enlarge  on  this  subject ;  for  who,  with  the 
slightest  observation  and  inquiry,  has  not  been  furnished  with  corrobora- 
tion of  much  that  we  might  say,  showing  how  forms  of  body  and  face, 
mental  endowments,  moral  symmetry  or  obliquity,  as  well  as  the  procliv- 
ity to  disease  or  the  tendency  to  longevity,  descend  from  one  generation 
to  another?  Who  has  not  seen  how  the  portrait  of  a  remote  ancestor 
sometimes  appears  a  perfect  facsimile  of  some  descendant  of  the 
present  generation  ?  Trace  back  the  moral  and  intellectual  features  also, 
there  is  the  same  counterpart  —  the  resemblance  being  not  merely  man- 
ifest, but  wonderfully  striking." 


APPENDIX  W. 

{See  fage  386.) 
\From  Dr.  Hatfield's  Preface  to  the  History  of  Elizabeth    Tou'>i.] 

"  Human  character  is  the  product  of  all  time.  It  is  the  growth, 
not  of  a  simple  life,  but  of  ages.  Its  form  and  shape,  in  the  individual 
and  in  the  community,  are  derived,  not  more  from  the  present  than  the 
past.  What  we  are,  body,  soul,  and  spirit,  is  owing,  in  a  great  degree, 
to  agencies  that  have  been  at  work  from  the  beginning. 

"  The  cast  of  a  man's  imm.;diate  progenitors  determines,  to  a  great 
extent,  his  own.  The  rank  and  standing  of  the  domestic  circle  in 
which  his  early  years  glide  on  so  noiselessly  and  yet  so  swiftly,  affect, 
for  all  time,  his  whole  being.  The  social  community  in  which  the 
child  is  led  up  to  man ;  the  humble  schoolhouse  in  which  his  mind 
is  brought  into  form  and  symmetry ;  the  sanctuary,  whither  his  youthful 
steps  are  bent  on  the  sabbath  day,  with  its  songs  of  praise,  its  humble 
prayers,  and  its  solemn  exhortations ;  the  long  established  customs 
of  the  place  and  age  ;  the  peculiar  traits  of  the  population,  sparse  or 
dense,  rural  or  urban  ;  the  prevalent  handicrafts,  trades,  and  pursuits 
of  the  locality ;  every  passing  event,  and  every  occasion  and  influence  by 
which  individual  sentiment  and  public  opinion  are  affected,  —  all  these 
serve,  more  or  less  powerfully,  to  shape  the  character  and  determine 
the  destiny  of  the  child,  the  boy,  the  man. 

"To  know  a  people,  to  understand  their  peculiarities,  we  must  know 
their  history,  their  parentage,  their  origin ;  must  learn  from  what  race, 
nationality,  tribe,  and  family  they  are  descended ;  when,  or  by  whom, 
their  settlement,  town,  or  city  was  founded ;  the  aims  and  plans  of  the 
founders  ;  through  what  changes,  social,  industrial,  political,  and  religious, 
they  prosecuted   their  design ;   what  relations  they  sustained   to  other 


512  HC/AfAN  CHARACTER. 

communities,  near  or  remote ;  what  were  the  special  characteristics, 
aspects,  and  tendencies  of  the  times ;  whatever,  in  short,  may  have 
served,  in  the  course  of  their  history,  to  affect,  more  or  less  directly, 
their  fortunes  and  their  destiny." 


INDEX. 


PAGE 

Abbotsford 359,  502 

Acadian  census 38,  122,  123 

chapels 38 

dispersion 126 

Indians S6 

limits 33,  35 

names 166 

virtues 157 

Acadians    .  50,  80,  100,  128,  132,  139,  145  et  seq.,  154,  157,  166,  397  et  seq.,  450  et  scq. 

Acadie 32,  113,  114 

Agricultural  societies 357  et  seq. 

Alden,  John 164 

Alexander,  Sir  William 1 10   .'  seq. 

Algonc|uin  Indians .S6,  98 

Allen,  Jeremiah 160,175,321,322,324 

Allen,  Thomas 62,64,211,359,360,379 

Alline,  Rev.  Henry 54 

Americus  Vespucius 26 

Aniirault,  Ambroise 155,  208 

Andrews  genealogy 2^\  et  seq. 

Andrews,  Major  Samuel 241,  254,  300,  326,  328 

Annapolis  Royal 112,  124,  125,  133 

Arcadia 71,  184,340 

Argall's  raid 109 

Argyle  ship-builders 152,  153,  208 

ship-masters 151 

,        ship-owners 153,  212 

Township 139,  170,  268,  305,  333,  398 

Australia  expedition ,     .     376 

Bailey,  John 232 

Bain,  Alexander SS.  S^.  IS9.  165,  327 

Bain  family 189 

Baker,  Jonathan IS9>  '7S>  3-i 

Baker,  Loran  E.,     211,  216,  218  et  seq.,  310,  343,  353  et  seq.,  358  et  seq.,  364  et  seq., 

368  et  seq.,  374,  381  et  seq.,  505  et  seq. 

Baker,  Samuel 160,  327 

Balance  of  trade 73  ^'  seq. 


514  INDEX. 

PAGE 

Baltimore,  brigantine 36,  395 

^'•anks 373 

Barnard,  Benjamin.     .     .     .49,  160,  197,  203,  210,  311,  312,  314,  316,  327,  t,2()  et  seq. 

Barnes,  Setii 159,  162,  175,  197,  210,  321,  323  rf  j^j^.,  437 

Harrington 127,128,134,139,303 

Bartlett,  Lemuel 160,  162,  327 

Beals.  Josiah 159,  175,  180,321 

Bear  Kiver 133 

]?eaver-river  farmers 193 

Belliveau,  Isidore 327 

Bible  Society,  British  and  Foreign 348,  496  et  seq. 

Bingay,  John 186,210,307,311,312,334,357,360,363,365 

Bingay,  Thomas  V.  B 267,  316,  318,  341,  343,  367,  376 

Blanchard,  Lewis 239,  314,  327,  329 

Blauvelt  genealogy 2^6  ft  scq. 

Blauvelt,  Tunis 240,  256,  328 

Boat-builders 208 

Bond,  James 186,266,310,312,332,334,349,357,362,373 

Bond,  Joseph  X 49,82,161,311,312,317,329,332,349,362 

Book  Society 349 

Bourque,  Jean iSS.  3'2,  317 

Bowman  B.  Law,  ship 215 

Bridgeo,  George 160,  175,321 

Bridges 72 

British  North-America  Act 141,  309 

Brooklyn  farmers 190,  195 

Brown,  Charles  E. .     .        220,  312,  353,  357  et  seq.,  364,  366,  368  et  seq.,  374,  481,  506 
Brown,  George  S.,   186,  211,  266,  309,  312,  317,  341,  343,  353  et  seq.,  359  et  seq.,  364, 

366  et  seq.,  369  et  seq.,  375  et  seq.,  379,  382  et  seq.,  481 

Brown,  James 160,  175,  197,  322 

Brown,  Stayley 3'°.  312.  349.  357.  359.  360,  363   ^/ .f^r/.,  373,  379,  504 

Buchanan,  Lawyer 331 

Bunker,  Hezekiah 45.  55.  160,  175,  179,  327 

Bunker's  Island 23,  45,  48,  55,  173,  179,  320  <•/ j^^. 

Burgess.  Joshua 42,  160,  171,  175,325 

Butler,  Andrew 327,  351 

Butler,  Eleazer 159,175,179,192,197,321,322,324,362 

Cain,  James 159,  162,  165,210,327 

California  expedition 154,  375 

Campbells,  the 58 

Campbell,  Sir  Colin 279 

Canaan  farmers 193 

Canadian  Confederation (&  et  seq.,  141,309 

Canadian  ship|)ing 215 

Cann  ship-masters 227 

Canseau 34,  138 

Cape  Fourchu 23,  78 

Cape  Fourchu  Harbor 24,  30,  105,  107 

Cape  Fourchu  River 24,  30 

Carleton  farmers 193 


INDEX.  515 

PAGE 

Chaniplain,  Samuel  de 33.  34,  103  </  uq 

Chatham's  eulogy 260 

Chebogue 42,49,71,95,96,141,143 

farmers 18^ 

Harbor ,8^ 

P'^'"' i>S3.  <99 

Town  Point 71,180,320,323 

<^^^s"S"'" 34.38.77,79.95.96,141,143.199 

Chegoggin  farmers ,8g,  196 

Chinese  voyages 16  ct  uq. 

Chipman,  Thomas  D iqi,  312,  349 

Churches 334.'/^^./. 

Churchill,  Ephraim iQ,^  162,  loo 

Lemuel i-p,  162,  175,  iSo,  187 

Rufus ,90,  20S 

Stephen iSo 

Clarke,  Ebenezer i6o_  ,7^^  ^21 

Clements,  Elkanah      ... 204,  210,  326,  363 

J"hn        ,60,  324 

Nehemiah  K.  .     .     .  85,  184,  211,  312,  353  et  seq.,  360,  364,  369  et  seq.,  381 
Reuben,  51,  68,  204,  210,  308,  312,  314,  349,  357,  361,  363  et  seq.,  376  et  seq. 

^^"''■^"" 327,357 

Clergymen 336^/^,^7. 

Clerks  of  the  peace -^i^ 

Climate -q 

Cloven  Cape ^- 

Coastline        ,g_ 

Coffran,  William 139^  ,63^  321 

Cobb,  Jabez ,5. 

Commerce n>,^etseq. 

Commercial  Wharf  Company .     376 

Common  schools S""   •?c6 

Consular  agents oj7 

Cook,  Ephraim 46,159,175.210,227,311,312,316,321,324,328 

Cook  ship-masters 227 

Corning,  Ebenezer 160,  175,  180,  321 

J''"^than 160,171,175,321,322,324 

Nelson j8g 

''''^'""asE 310.  314.  3»6,  344,  358 

Coming's  Head       321 

Councillors,  executive 310 

legislative 3,0 

municipal 225,  315  <■/■  j^^. 

Crawley,  John,    42,  53,  159,  175,  180,  305,  311,  312,  316,  317,  320,  321,  323,  324, 

328 

Crocker,  Daniel 160,  175,  180,  314,  321  ,?/■  j<-jr. 

Crosby,  Enoch ,92,  193,  357 

Jonathan 139,  17 15^  323 

I      James 42,49 

Lemuel       4?,  49,  192 

Theophilus 42,  49,  204,  362 


5l6  INDEX. 

PAGE 

Crown-land  surveyors 317 

Custodes 311 

Customs  officers ix"]  et  seq. 

Dane,  Thomas 161,197,311,314,326,327,331,333,348,362 

D'Aulnay,  Gov \i^etseq.,  119,  120 

Deerfield  farmers 193 

De  La  Roche,  Marquis 27,  104 

De  La  Tour,  Gov.  Charles 109,  11 1,  112,  114  ^/ j^y.,  119,  450,  484 

De  La  Tour,  Sir  Claude 109,111,112,114,156,450 

De  Monts        104  ct  seq. 

Denton,  Daniel 232  et  seq. 

D'Entremont,  Benoni       ....      213,  311,  312,  314,  327,  328,  331,  456  ^/j^-j^.,  482 

D'Entremont,  Philippe  Mius 120 

D'Entremont,  Simon 156,308,312,317,460,482 

De  Razilly,  Gov i\-^elseq. 

Digby 133 

Diked  lands 30 

Division  of  lands 51  et  seq.,  320 

Doucette,  Germain 115 

Doiicette,  Gov.  John 156 

Doucette,  Pierre 154 

Doucette,  Solon 155 

Durkee,  Amasa 312,  314,  327,  329,  363,  365  f/ j-.^.,  369 

Durkee,  Phineas 159,176,179,185,311,312,314,320,321,32) 

Durkees  Island 184,  199 

Earl  genealogy 263 

Early  churches 84,  85 

Early  settlers       42,49,72,84,85,159,197,199 

Early  ship-owners 153,  203 

Eel-Brook  Parish 146,  147,  151 

Elder  Head 321 

Eldridge,  Elishama 42,159,171,176,179,311,314,321,324,327 

Eliot,  Rev.  John 90,  98 

Elizabeth  To>vn,  N.J 233,  235  ^/ jirjr.,  51  r 

EUenwood,  Benjamin ,    160,  171,  176,  179,  322,  324 

Ellenwood,  Samuel 160,  176,  180,  321 

Ellis,  Ebenezer 42,  159,  176,  180 

Ellis,  Mrs.  Ruth 85 

Elwell,  Nathaniel .'     160,  176,  179,  321 

Family-names 166  ei  seq. 

Farish,  Henry  G 38,  40,  74,  81,  311,  312,  316,  331,  334,  349,  357.  3^3 

Farmers'  names 183,  192 

Fire  engines 334 

Fisheries 73,  130,  131 

Fletcher,  Mary 188,  270,  348,  498,  502 

Fletcher,  Richard 22,188,312,348,349,362,490 

Flint,  Thomas 49,  160,  210,  327,  352 

Flora's  "  Battle  Song " '?9i 


INDEX.  ^17 

Foreign  trade •'acb 

Forman,  John 63,  73.  200 

Fourchu  Cape    ...'.'.'.' ^°^'  ^'4.  3'6,  349 

Freight-rates 23,  78,  320 

French  colonization    .....' 200  ef  seq. 

missionaries 27,  ro2  «-/  seq. 

Frost,  James 86,89,98,1^0 

John \ 327 

Joshua     .    .    .     '    ' 31',  312. 336 

Fundy,  Bayof 3".  3'2.  3'7,  328,  330 

23.  29.  106 

Gardner,  Bartlett    ,    .  ,       - 

Gavel  genealogy     .....'.',','''        '  '°'^'  '°^'  ^°^'  ^'°>  ^'4.  348 

Gayton,  Albert   ■......] ^^^c'/sey. 

General  Sessions 309.  3'0.  312 

Gilberts,  the [         ;     •     •     .    326  <•/  si-q. 

Gilfillan's  Island \ 26 

Goldsbury's  survey ^S,  179,321 

Goudey,  James " 4^,  6j,  ijz  ,-/  sy^. 

Philip   .....,,,]'' •     •     •     •    49.  '60 

Government  reservations     ....'. 49.  160,  327 

Gowen,  Patrick ^ 

Giant  of  township  . '59.176,321,323 

Grantees 4',  43  ^■/■f^'li'.,  52,  60,  171  .■/ ^,v/.,  322 

Gray,  Capt.  Jesse    .......] 47.  52,  175  ^^ '.y. 

Great  .Michael ,    _ 3°° 

Great  Republic  ...  215 

216 

Haley,  Comfort  ist      ... 

Comfort  3d.  204,210,225,327 

ship-masters     ..'.'.'.'..'. '86,  349,  359,  36,,  365 

Haliburton,  Judge .'.'.' ''^ 

Haliburton's  History  '22,  150 

Halifax ■ 29,  36,  39,  44,  ,29,  139 

Halstead  Genealogy    ...'.*.' 127.128,137,198 

Halstead,  John ^5^ 

Harding,  Rev.  Harris      .     ' '     '     ' ^^7 

Hartford  farmers .' ^^'  ^-'  '^''  ^^6.  337.  348,  351 

Haskell,  Robert      .    .    .     .' '93 

William     ....'.' 49.  159.  I ;6,  320 

Hatfield,  Abraham      ...".".* 49.  '59. '76,  179,  320 

Col.  Job  . o -36,  244     - 

•       families    ....'.".■.■ 210,238,244,263,311,3,3,363      ^ 

genealogy     .    .  235  ef  seq. 

Isaacs.    ....*.*." 244  ei  seq.,  263       . 

James 309,  3'3 

John  Smith.    ..'.'.'.'.'*.'.' 238,311,327 

Tohn  V   TSr  "„ 238  ff  seq. 

M^hLt" : : : : :  f°^'"°';^'^^4'309,3i3.364,366,369,3;^  :r 

ship-masters ^•^^'  ^35.  244 

Hebrides,  the     .......'."     ' 228 

283  et  seq. 


5l8  INDEX. 

PAGC 

Hebron 64,  66,  191 

Hersey,  David 159,  164,  176,  324 

family 46,  58 

Hersey's  saw-mill 46,  325 

Hibbard,  Eleazer 159,176,179,190,311,321 

Rufus '9'.  33' 

Highland  regiments     .    .     .     / 272  etitq. 

Highway  reservations 181 

Hilton,  Amos 62,  160,  176,  180,  210,  225,  327 

shi[)-masters 225 

Hobbs,  Lemuel 327 

Holmes,  Peleg 159,  162,  176,  333 

Horton  family 237 

Howe,  Joseph 68  ^/  seq, 

Hudson,  Henry 231 

Huntington,  Herbert  .  .  .  .  68  ^/ x^-y.,  187,  308,  310,  314,  317,  349,  351,  357,  439 
Huntin-ton,  Miner,   49,  68,  161,  187,  197,  314,  317,  325,  326,  331  et  seq.,  351,  352, 

362  et  seq. 

Hurlburt  genealogy 251  ^/  seq. 

Huston,  Major  Robert 241,311,313,332,349,363 

Imports  and  exports 73,  440  et  seq. 

Indian  Bible        99 

names 32,  90,  92  et  seq, 

persecutions     .    .     .    . 36 

storehouses       39 

tribes       ?i6etseq. 

words 32,  78,  92  ^/  seq. 

Inglis,  Hishop 243 

Inland  Navigation  Company 361 

lona 283 

Islands 45 

JefTery  genealogy 2t,getseq. 

Jenkins,  James 161,  186,  197,  207,  20S,  210,  357,  362,  363 

Jenkins,  John  and  William 161,  207,  208,  362 

Justices  of  the  peace 311  et  seq. 

Kavanagh,  Simon 253 

Kelley,  Jacob 313,  331,  333.  363 

Kelley,  James 160,  177,  iSo,  197,  203,  210,  224,  311,  313,  327  d-^j^^. 

Kelley,  Robert 184,203,210,225,334,349,357,363,365,366 

Kelley's  Cove 48,  184,  199,  308 

Kelley  ship-masters 224 

Kemptville  farmers 193 

Keogh,  Luke 253 

Killam,  Frank 212,  220,  309,  313,  35S,  365,  370,  382,  383,  385 

George,  211,315,  341,  343,  353  et  seq.,  359,  360,  364  etseq.,  368,  378,  379,  3S2 

-.,-,.,:„       John 49.  160,  176,  187,  203,  210,  325,  332,  349,  362,  363 

Thomas,  68,  152, 187,  210,  308,  309,  313,  349,  353  et  seq.,  357,  360,  363  et  seg., 

374.  379 


INDEX.  3,9 

Kit^Twin';™: ; ;  .":•'".":''; ^'^•3'3. 3.. 3ss,36». 37., 374. 38, ;r; 

Knowles,  Rev.  Charles  1     '     '     '    ^^^'  ^^^ 

246,  339,  340,  377,  494 

I^  H^ve     .    . 

Lake-George  farmers    ' '05,  .  ,3,  ,,4,  ,20.  ,22 

Lakes ' '9» 

Lancashire  fund      .    .  ^9 

u„l":CS,,  : : ; :  • 'f  "■"'■•  ^.''^-^^i-.'o.  ^.3. 3.3:36.361 

Landers,  Sealed     .  47.  7^,   199 

Law.  William      ..'.■''    '2,2     '','„'  :    "    '      42.  47,  1 59.  176.  197.  S08 

Lawson's  Shipping-Record  "     ^           ^^         ^'\  ^  .'  ^?'  ^'^'  ^^^'  ^"'  ^^^'  ^^'»'  5°^ 
Lent,  Abraham  53.62.63.202,205,209.2,2,224.228 

Lent  genealogy  .■     .    '.    ".    '.    '.    '.    '.    '     '     ^7.  242,  307,  3",  3'3.  3'7.  327.  334.  478 

Lent,  James  ....  ' •     •     ■     .     258 

Lescarbot,  Marc  203,  241,  307.  313,  326,  330  ./ ..5,.,  348 

Lighthouses    ........'.'." ^5'  '°'''  '°^ 

Liverpool  .     .  334 

Lloyd's  agents    .     .'    .'    ."    ."    .*    .'.'.*.■; 127,128,137,164.303 

Louisburg       ...  •5'7 

Lovett,  Capt.      ....'.,.".*." "4.164,273 

Lovitt,  Andrew      .    .  ' "2 

Israel      ...,', 49.112,160,176,180.321,324 

J  ,        187.  iss,  210, 349,  363 

Lovitt     rnhn"  W "''  "^  '^  ''^■'  ^°9'  ^'3'  368.  370  ./  S.^.,  374.  384.   506 

Lvit^Vc'ove  •'.".''  ':':  '!'  :'':':  ''''  .^^'  '''  ''  ^'^-^  368.  369.  371.  374.  379.  382 

Loyalists,  the      ...    .  '^^ 

Lunenburg     .  2^0  et  seq. 

127,  12S,  137,  303 

Macbane,  Gillies ._    _ 

MacDonald,  Flora  .  57 

MacKav,  Donald      ....".'■    ."    .'.".■.'''■■    ^9°.  293  ^' ^''?.,  300,  493 

MacKinnon,  Abbot  John  o   *     ^'^ 

Chief  John.     ..".■.'.■ «c       r""^- 

genealogy 288,  296 ./ ..5,. 

John(Argyle)  „     *    *     '  ^^C  281,  2S7  ./ ..j.. 

Tohn   rh!h.    \ S3.  271,  307,  313.  3«7,  334.  351 

John  Jskye)  '"^ :    :    :    .''•  "'  '^''  '^^'  '^9'  ''°'  ^'  '>  ^^3.  32.  et  seq. 

MacMunn.  Jot"'"'!''  ^3.  56;26^^;x^.;276.  278;  290.  3.;.  3:3.328  .;.,.,  3^7  l"?.' 

Manning,  Rev.  J.  M ^2 

Marine  Insurance  Companies  .  ^^^ 

Marshall,  Samuel,    62.64,  i6x.  203,  204'.  2;o,'2;3,  W.  3n;  3i3; 325,  326,  32S,  3^9! 

Marshall's  Wharf 362,  363 

Marshes 204 

Mascarene,  Gov.  Paul*    .    ...'..."." 3°,  72,  323  .-^  .r^^. 

Masonic  institutions 35,  124,  453 

Mayflower,  the    .    .     .  " 34° 

Merchant  adventurers      !    !    !    !    ! "2,162,164,202,395.507 

164 


520  INDEX. 

PAQB 

Mcuse,  Pierre 327,  ;^9.S,  431 

Mictnacs,  the 36,  78,  86,  87,  89,  90,  98,  icx),  447 

Milton  Hridge 48, 73 

Mines 106 

Mines  Kasin 106,  122,  123 

Monk,  James 305  et  seq. 

Montgiimery  Highlanders    .    ' 45.  .S6,  269,  274 

Moody,  Urown,  &  Co 377 

Moody,  K.  W.  B.,  62,  152, 186,210,  a42.3".3'3.3«7.349.357.359.36o,  363  et  seq.,  375, 

376,  377.  379.  504 

Col.  James 242  et  seq. 

lames  H 308,  317,  349 

John  Wentworth,  152,  2ri,  219  et  seq.,  313,  ii^et  seq.,  341,  343,  USetseq., 

357.  365.  366.  37     372.  374.  375.  3''^2.  386,  481.  5°?  '''  ^f<l- 
William  H.     .     .    186,  311,313,  353,  357.  360,  363  et  seq.,  36S,  369,  376,  377 

Moody's  narrative 242 

Moose 32 

More- K urn  Brook 67 

Morris's  Island I41,  158 

Moses,  Nathan,  211,  309,  311,  313,  353  et  seq.,  359,  364,  366  et  seq.,  372,  379,  382,  384 

Mountain  Cemetery 65,  69,  208,  359 

Mullins,  Priscilla 164 

Murdoch's  History 77 

Murphy  s  tiridge 190 

Murray,  John 186,313,314,316,349,361,363,367 

Name  of  township 41 

New-England  shipping 217 

New  Lights 54,  84 

Newspapers 352 

Nickerson,  Nathan ' 159,172,177,320,323 

Nickerson's  Island 320 

Non-Present  Island 49 

Norsemen's  voyages 17  el  seq. 

Nova-Scotia  census 127,  128,  139,  140 

Nova-Scotia  Parliaments 303  et  seq. 

Odd  Fellows'  Society 46 

Ogden,  John 232,  234 

Ohio  farmers 192 

Outram,  Sir  James 279 

Patriotic  Fund 360 

Pearl,  David 160,  177,  180,  321 

Pennant's  tour 283  et  seq. 

Perry,  John 160,  177,  179,226,321 

Moses 42,  159 

ship-masters 226 

Petitcodiac ,. ,_,,    .     .     .     132 

Petite  Passage 108 

Phoenician  voyages 15 


INDEX.  521 

I'ictou  Academy     .    .    .  ''*°" 

Pinknev's  I'oint       .     .  •'^ 

Pitch  Hill .'.'."."!!.".'.".' ', 

Pleasure  carriage ' '     ^'^ 

Plymouth  farmers ''  '^ 

Plymouth  records    ...  ••••.....     195 

Ponds' Kuad .".'.■!;*. I6I.-/..V..507--//.4'- 

Poole.  Samuel  S..    50.  ,60.  ,62.  igr/.^oj.  ^.o."  307  'et  uq'.,  3U.  \,':^,  ^,G,  3^5.  3.6.  3  ^ 
Porter.  George  Dudley 3.'9,  334.  349.  35'.  3^3 

Porter,  Rev.  Nehemiah "    \a\,\i  ,'r^'.-,l  .a   '  '^''     I 

Porter,  Nehemi.-»h.  2d.     .  49.84,85. 160,  177,  .80.  32,,336 

Port  Mout.m .     .     . ^7f'333<3C^2 

o    .     °^^ '06, 108,  ii4/-/j£'^.,  119, 120, 122, !::« 

Postmasters ^        ^.       .       .     j 

Pothitr,  AnselmeO.    ...  ,  U  '     '     \'     '    ^^ 

Pothier.Leon      ....         '.6.  3'3.  3'6.  357,  4.0 

Poutrincourt,  Gov.      .  '55.  J65.  407 

Prii.cc  Edward  Island      .'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.[[['/''  '°'^  '"'% 

Privateers /     '^ 

Probate  judges    ....'.".'.'.".".".. -,^1 

Prosscr,  William ^'f 

Prout,  Lawyer "^ 

^"''""^'^ 28,29,40,73,95, 122,  123. 141. vj^^,  146,148,151 

Quaco 

Quadrennial   Hill *.".'. ' '' 

Queen's  Countv       ...          '°^ 

303 

Rasles'  Indian  Dictionary 

Rasles,  Rev.  Sebastien SS  ^' 

Ravnard  senealogv     ...  •     •     •     •         .  9 

Keal-estate  owners       ...  ,  * 

r,    ,,.        „      .       .     „  lo:^  et  sea. 

Redding,  Benjamm  P. ^ 

Redding,  Fitz  W •49,155.375 

Registrars  of  deeds ■.■.■.■.■.■.    '.    '.    '.    ".     .     !' ^^^l^' ^' ^Z 

Richan's  TaM  rn      ....  f, 

^^'^^or,. ::::::.:  \s9,'^6,,;;,:s^::tZyi 

Rivers --  i  >  j  / 

Road- ; ; ■,• 96 

Robbins.  Ab  ,ail    ....         47  ./..?.,  3=3.  3^4.  3^7 

Robbins.Ja,„.s '     '     \.o\f,'^:-    •     •44.165,173.177 

Robbinssiip-niasters.     .:::;;::;    ; '59'  '63,  I.   ,3^'.  333  ./..,.,  327 

Robertson,  William "  "    "     V   '     '     "" 

Robinson,  Jabez      ...  -^°3.  ^63,  325,  330 

•^  ICQ'*'*? 

Robinson,  Joseph '^'^ 

Robinson,  Timothy o' 

Rogers,  Cornelius '.'.'.'.'.'.'..'''  ir^'iZ'      °:K^     ' 

Roman-Catholic  disabilities      ..*.......'."."  //-•  3-0.324 

Rose,  Richard 49."i6o.  17S.  i8o,'i86,  is;.  32i,'324,  3^5 

Runic  mscription ^    y  j  ■*>  j  3 

'^  •••....     22  et  seq. 


522  INDEX. 

PAGE 

Ryder,  John 210,308,314,364 

Ryerson,  John  K.   .     .     .211,  309,  314,  316,  353  et  seq.,  359, 364,  366,  368  et  seq.,  372, 

378  et  seq. 

Sabine's  History 240  et  seq 

Sahnon-River  farmers 195 

Salter,  Malachi 303  et  seq . 

Saunders,  Henry,  ist       261,  362 

Saunders,  Josejih 159,178,  179,  180,322,3-^4 

School  assessment 35 

commissioners 334,  3c 

districts        331,  ; 

system 

teachers       350  et . 

trustees         3ji 

Scott,  Rev.  Jonathan 160,  178,  i  So,  226,  336 

Scott,  Moses 159,178,321,325,326,327 

Scott  ship-masters 226 

Seal  Islands 29,  105 

Sea-side  scenery 185 

Septennial   Bill 307 

Servant  genealogy       257  et  seq. 

Shaw,  Jesse 308,  314,  315 

Shaw,  Joseph 186,  210,  311,  360.  364,  365,  367  ^/ jt-;?.,  379 

Shelburne 129,134,135,139.140,198,307,326 

Shelburne  Road 327 

Sheriffs 1S6,  311 

Ship-agents 229 

Ship-builders 208 

Ship-masters 152,  22^  et  seq. 

Ship-owners 62,  203,  206  et  seq. 

Shipping 62,  74,  I98<?/J<'i?.,  217,  334 

Shipping  statistics 203,  2\o  et  seq.,  228 

Sigogne,  Abbe 37,  121,  337,  338,  477  ^/ j<r{r. 

Skve,  Isle  of 269 

Smith,  Job 326,  363 

Soil 30 

SoUows,  John 53,160,178,180,321,322,324 

Sollows,  Walter 53 

Spar-makers   ...     , 209 

Standish,  Miles 164 

St.  Andrew's 131 

St.  C.ih?mba 283 

St.  Croix 106 

St.  Mary's  Bay 106,  108,  133 

St.  John 106,115,116,119,123,128,132 

St.  John's  Church 72 

Steam-communication 378,  505 

Stony- Point  Beach 180,  320 

Streets 71 

Strickland,  John 232,  234 


* 
e.  _,  PAGE 

Stuart,  Charles  Edward 282,  291 


INDEX.  523 

PAGE 

-       —,  -^.  et  seq.,ioi 
Sunday  mails 

Sunday  Point '      ,0'    ti, 

Supreme  Court 

Surette   Pierre  and  Denis    .'    .'    ."     .'     .'     .'     ."     .'    .'     \\\\     \     \^^,^^[  ^l^;^^ 

Surette  s  Island 141.  146,  148,  .57 

Survey  of  township c 

Tabernacle o 

Radford,  Jacob ;:::;;  I6i;i9i,i3i,348"362.363 

telephone  Company ,0. 

-temperance  Society f 

^temperature 

.^'•iiistle  regulations /^ 

-fhurston's  Corner .f 

190 

Timpany,  Major  Robert 241    i-c 

Tinkham   Edward '.     '.  i"s9,' .6.,  ;63,  178,  320!  327 

1  inkham  s  Island    .     .     . 

320 

Tomkins,  Rev.  Frederick  J 81;   ^-6 

Tooker,  Charles 2->'  V- r 

Tooker  genealogy ".'*.'   264''^/  'stq. 

Tooker  Jacob 62,161,186,207,208,236,238,244,326,327,349 

lown  clerks 

Town  officers "^ 

327 

lown  records ZX^  et  seq 

Townsend,  William  H.    .     211,  309,  314,  315,  341,  343,  357,  364,  366  ct  seq.,  374,  379  . 

Township  grant. 41,  43 -^  ^-?.,  52,  .7.  ^/ -V-,  322,  323 

township  valuation 

Trask,  Elias •  ,/-„   ,/-,    ._c    .0 

„  160,  163,  17S,  ibo 

1  reasurers ^ 

Tunis,  Peter 

'  237 

Tusket  court-house  and  jail ■x-'^  et  sea 

J'"^!" 39>96.  97.  141,  155.  172 

^°^d 327 

ship-yards 

Tusket  Wecige.         .'    ."  38,  73,  96 '  146,  MA  153.' 328,  338 

Tusket-Wedge  Road 28 

Ulster  farmers .o 

109 

Utley  genealogy ^ 

Utley,  Jonathan '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.   159;  .65.  32' 

^^'^y- ^'^'*'^" 307.  3",  3.4 

Vessels'  names    ...... 

•     • 213,  229 

Van  Buskirk,  Abraham -'-'8   ''42 

Van  Norden,  Gabriel  .     ........:;     i6i',  i84.'240,  314,  33o.  549'.  357 

Van  Norden  genealogy 260  r/  seq. 

Walker,  John .  .n   if^   .^«   wO-   .„_ 

,,,'•;.         .        ■  ., 49.100,178,187,197,321,324 

Western  Counties  Railway 10   ^8^ 

Weston,  Nathan .'     ;     '  ,60,  163,  164,' 178*,  327 


\ 


524  INDEX. 


PAGE 


Williamson,  John 262 

Wilmot's  grant ^26 

Winthrop,  Gov.  John 112,114 

Winthrop's  diary \\2,\\2„\iietseq. 

Wyman,  Ephraim 160   -527 

Varmouth I33.  i39.  MO,  141,  i49.  i53.  303- 487  <?/ J<-?. 

Yarmouth  Academy 308,  334,  349 

census 61,  128,  139  f/j,?^.,  330 

County 153,308 

court-house 332 

^^'■bor 23,  30,  49,  72,  105,  107,  352 

Herald  .     .    i8,  22,  28,  29,  151,  157,  166,  212,  377,  391,  477,  4S2,  496,  502 

joint-stock  companies 382  et  sea. 

Seminary 61,  353 

Township 41.  43.  7S.  170,  171.  303.  315.  319-?'' •f^4'- 

Yarmouth,  Massachusetts 41,  66,  508 


